LESSON 4

BODY
COMPOSITION
What is Body
Composition?
 BODY COMPOSITION
Body composition describes the
relative proportion of fat, bone,
and muscle mass in the human
body.
It refers to the body's chemical
composition.
 BODY COMPOSITION
There are 3 models of body
composition: chemical model,
anatomical model, and two-
compartment model.
 BODY COMPOSITION
There are 3 models of body
composition:
Chemical model (Direct Method),
Anatomical model (Indirect
Method)
Two-compartment model (Double
Indirect Method)
THREE MODELS OF BODY
COMPOSITION
Why weight
is important
to us?
WEIGHT IS IMPORTANT
BECAUSE:
Health and overall well-being.
Disease prevention.
Competitive sports/training.
Looks.
Self-esteem.
TWO TYPE OF FAT
1. ESSENTIAL FAT (Male-3% to 6%, Female-8%
to 12% of the body mass)
Essential Fat consists of fat in the heart,
lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, intestines,
muscles, and lipid-rich tissues of the central
nervous system and bone marrow. Normal
physiologic functioning requires this fat.
TWO TYPE OF FAT
2. STORAGE FAT
Accumulated in adipose tissue(a connective
tissue that extends throughout your body)
 BODY FAT
Total body fat = Essential fat + Storage
Fat
Essential Fat - in bone marrow,
nervous tissue, organs
Storage fat - accumulates in
adipose tissue (found under your
skin)
 BODY FAT
Fat free mass (FFM) = body mass - fat
mass
Essential fat = crucial for normal
functioning
Nonessential fat = adipose tissue
We need fat for padding organs,
insulation, energy source
 ESSENTIAL FAT
There is a minimum amount that
we need to function daily and that
is the Essential Fat.
It consists of fat stored in major
organs, muscles, and the central
nervous system.
BODY COMPOSITION
Why do we
need Body
Composition
Analysis?
 BODY COMPOSITION
Body composition and analysis provide
information about the percent of body
fat, fat distribution, and body segment
girth which are pertinent to athletic
performance and for reducing risk
factors associated with musculoskeletal
injury and disease.
What will
happen if we
increase our
body fat too
much?
CONSEQUENCES OF TOO MUCH
INCREASED BODY FAT
Increased risk of chronic disease and
premature death; associated health
problems include
Unhealthy blood fat levels
Impaired heart function
Heart disease and hypertension
CONSEQUENCES OF TOO MUCH
INCREASED BODY FAT
Cancer
Impaired immune function
Gallbladder disease
Kidney disease
Skin problems
Sleeping problems
CONSEQUENCES OF TOO MUCH
INCREASED BODY FAT
Obese people are more than three
times as likely as non obese people to
develop diabetes.
Excess body fat is a key risk factor for
the most common type of Diabetes.
CONSEQUENCES OF TOO MUCH
INCREASED BODY FAT
Excess body fat decrease the ability to
perform physical activities.
What will
happen if we
decrease our
body fat too
much?
CONSEQUENCES OF TOO MUCH
DECREASED BODY FAT
Too little body fat is associated with
reproductive, circulatory, and immune
system disorders.
Assessing
Body
Composition
Assessing Body Composition
Height, Weight, BMI
Waist and Hip Circumference
Let's
Study
Height
 Height
It is the measurement from base to top
or (of a standing person) from head to
foot.
How height is being measured
The subject removes shoes.
Stand straight up and heels
together.
 Height
Takes a deep breath and holds it.
Stands with head level and looks
straight.
Measure the height in cms and
inches.
Let's
Study
Weight
 Weight
It is a body's relative mass or the
quantity of matter contained by it,
giving rise to a downward force; the
heaviness of a person or thing.
How weight is being measured
It is best measured in calibrated
scale.
 Weight
Remove excess layers of clothing
and shoes.
Empty pockets, remove jewelry and
mobile phones
Measure the body weight in
pounds or in kilograms.
Let's
Study
BMI
 Body Mass Index
It is a rough assessment based on the
concept that a person's weight should be
proportional to height
Body weight in kilograms is divided by the
square of height in meters.
Elevated BMI is linked to an increased risk
of disease, especially if associated with
large waist circumference.
Body Mass Index
Body Mass Index
Let's Study
Waist-to-Hip
Ratio
 Waist to Hip Ratio
Indication of the pattern of body fat
distribution.
The waist circumference should be
measured at the midpoint between the
lower margin of the last palpable ribs and
the top of the iliac crest, using a stretch-
resistant tape.
 Waist to Hip Ratio
Should stand with feet close together, arms
at the side should be relaxed, and the
measurements should be taken at the end
of normal respiration.
The WHO states that abdominal obesity is
defined as a waist-hip ratio above 0.90 for
males and above 0.85 for females.
Waist to Hip Ratio
Waist to Hip Ratio
Thank You