Name: Kinza Muzaffar

Roll No. 2022-333

Course: Economics of Education

Topic: Functions of Education

Functions of Education
There are several functions of education. These are given below:

Socialization:

Socialization is a process of learning; through this lifelong process, people learn how to become
functioning members of society. Individuals attain a personal identity by learning knowledge,
language, and social skills that will help them function well with others. Students at all ages are
constantly rewarded or punished due to their performance of these skills.
Examples of socialization:

 In a preschool or kindergarten classroom, students are taught how to share and be kind
with others. Many American schools teach the Golden rule and reward children who
display acts of kindness or take turns.

Through socialization, students learn rules and expectations from their teachers and peers.
Schools are set up to reinforce certain rules; these rules are then enforced by teachers and staff
who set these expectations for students.
Cultural Transmission:

Cultural transmission is the process in which cultural norms and values are transmitted to future
generations. Cultural transmission is often a part of socialization but focuses on learning the
norms and values specific to a culture.
Examples of cultural transmission:

 Civics classes. In American schools, students take civics courses, which teach them the
behaviors and rights of U.S. citizens. These lessons emphasize learning the U.S.
Constitution, voting, and service learning.
 Capitalistic values. Students are taught teamwork and competition inside the classroom
through collaborative and cooperative group work and activities. Outside the classrooms,
extracurricular like sports or music teach these skills.

Career Selection:

Schools are seen as a way to prepare students to achieve their career goals. After high school,
students are expected to either attend college to move closer to attaining a career, or go straight
into a career after graduation. Oftentimes students are allowed to pick electives to learn about a
field in-depth. Helping students with their career selection, prepares them for their future
success in their ultimate field.
Rational Thinking:
Rational thinking is the ability to think critically and with reason, rather than basing decisions on
emotion. Schools emphasize critical thinking skills so that students will think rationally when
making or defending a decision.
Activities that teach rational thinking include:

 The five-paragraph essay.

 The scientific method.
 Deductive reasoning.

Rational thinking is emphasized as a way to teach students how to think critically and
independently. Critical thinking activities allow students to take in information and form their
own, research-based conclusions. This helps create independent, rational thinkers.