Romania (/roʊˈmeɪniə/ ⓘ roh-MAY-nee-ə; Romanian: România [romɨˈni.

a] ⓘ) is a country at the
crossroads of Central[14][15][16] and Southeast Europe.[17][18][19] It borders Ukraine to the north and
east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to the east, and the
Black Sea to the southeast. It has a predominantly continental climate, and an area of 238,397 km2
(92,046 sq mi) with a population of 19 million people (2023). Romania is the twelfth-largest country in
Europe and the sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Its capital and largest city is
Bucharest, followed by Cluj-Napoca, Iași, Timișoara, Constanța, Craiova, Brașov, and Galați.

Europe's second-longest river, the Danube, rises in Germany's Black Forest and flows southeast for 2,857
km (1,775 mi), before emptying into Romania's Danube Delta. The Carpathian Mountains cross Romania
from the north to the southwest and include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of 2,544 m (8,346 ft).[20]

Settlement in what is now Romania began in the Lower Paleolithic followed by written records attesting
the kingdom of Dacia, its conquest, and subsequent Romanisation by the Roman Empire during late
antiquity. The modern Romanian state was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian
Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia. The new state, officially named Romania since 1866, gained
independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877. During World War I, after declaring its neutrality in
1914, Romania fought together with the Allied Powers from 1916. In the aftermath of the war, Bukovina,
Bessarabia, Transylvania, and parts of Banat, Crișana, and Maramureș became part of the Kingdom of
Romania.[21] In June–August 1940, as a consequence of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and Second
Vienna Award, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union
and Northern Transylvania to Hungary. In November 1940, Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and,
consequently, in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side, fighting against the Soviet Union until
August 1944, when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania. Following the war and
occupation by the Red Army, Romania became a socialist republic and a member of the Warsaw Pact.
After the 1989 Revolution, Romania began a transition towards democracy and a market economy.

Romania is a developed country,[22][23][24] and is emerging to be a middle power in international

affairs.[25][26] Its economy ranks among the fastest growing in the European Union,[27] being the
world's 44th largest by nominal GDP, and the 36th largest by PPP. Romanian citizens enjoy one of the
fastest and cheapest internet speeds in the world,[28] while also ranking relatively high in happiness
rankings.[29] Romania experienced rapid economic growth in the early 2000s; its economy is now based
predominantly on services. It is a producer and net exporter of cars and electric energy through
companies like Automobile Dacia and OMV Petrom. The majority of Romania's population are ethnic
Romanians and religiously identify themselves as Eastern Orthodox Christians, speaking Romanian, a
Romance language (more specifically Eastern Romance). Romania is a member of the United Nations,
the European Union, NATO, the Council of Europe, BSEC and WTO.