PHILIPPINE

CANCER
CONTROL
PROGRAM

JEHAINAH CLAIR PARAJES

TRIXIE JANE LLAMAS
SHIELOU LOMOD

BSN 2C
OBJECTIVES
To discuss about cancer, and brief descriptions of the
types of cancer.

To deferentiate the predisposing and presipitating

factors and signs and symptoms.

To be able to determine the laboratory and the

diagnostic exam.

To know what are the interventions and

management of cancer.
Cancer
Cancer or malignant neoplasm is a
group of various diseases
involving unregulated cell growth.
In cancer, the cells divide, grow
uncontrollably forming malignant
tumors, and invade parts of the
body.
General risk factors
for cancer include:
•Aging
• Apersonal or family history of cancer
• Using tobacco
• Carrying too much weight, known as
being overweight or obese
• Alcohol use
• Some types of viral infections, such as human
papillomavirus (HPV) and the hepatitis virus
• Exposure to specific chemicals
• Exposure to radiation, including
ultraviolet radiation from the sun
The warning signals of cancer can be remembered
through the use of the following mnemonic device:
CAUTION US
Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore throat that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast
Indigestion or difficulty of swallowing
Obvious change in a wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
Unexplained anemia
Sudden weight loss
 LABORATORY TESTS
And Diagnostic tests
FOR CANCER
LABORATORY TESTS
A laboratory test is a procedure in which a
health care provider takes a sample of your blood,
urine, other bodily fluid, or body tissue to get
information about your health.

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
An approaches used in clinical practice to
identify with high accuracy the disease of a particular
patient and thus to provide early and proper
treatment.
 LABORATORY TESTS
For cancer
• URINALYSIS
Examines the color of urine and its contents,
such as sugar, protein, red blood cells, and white blood
cells.

• URINE CYTOLOGY
Finds disease by looking for abnormal
cells shed from the urinary tract into the urine

• COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC)

Measures the number of red blood cells,
white blood cells, and platelets in your blood.
 LABORATORY TESTS
for cancer
• IMMUNOPHENOTYPING
Uses antibodies to identify cells
based on the types of antigens or markers on
the surface of the cells.
• BLOOD CHEMISTRY TEST
Measures the amount of substances
such as metabolites, and electrolytes released
into the blood by the organs and tissues.
• TUMOR MARKER TESTS
Measure substances that are produced
by cancer cells or other cells of the body in
response to cancer.
 LABORATORY TESTS
FOR CANCER
• SPUTUM CYTOLOGY
Looks for abnormal cells in sputum
or other matter brought up from the lungs by
coughing.
• LIQUID BIOPSY
A test done on a sample of blood to
look for cancer cells or pieces of DNA from
tumor cells.
• CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS
Looks for changes in chromosomes in
samples of tissue, blood, bone marrow, or
amniotic fluid.
 Diagnostic tests
FOR CANCER
• ULTRASOUND
Uses high-energy sound waves that
echo off tissues inside the body then create
pictures using sonogram.

• BONE SCAN
Type of nuclear scan that check for
abnormal areas or damage in the bones.

• COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CT) SCAN

Uses an x-ray machine linked to a
computer to take a series of pictures of
organs from different angles.
 Diagnostic tests
FOR CANCER

• MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)

Noninvasive medical imaging test that
produces detailed images of almost every
internal structure in the human body.

• POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET)

Uses a radioactive substance called a
tracer to look for disease in the body and
shows how organs and tissues work.
• X-RAY
Use of low doses of radiation to create
pictures inside the body.
 Management:
The most common treatments are surgery,
chemotherapy, and radiation. Other options include
targeted therapy, immunotherapy, laser, hormonal
therapy, and others.
 Prevention of Cancer:

1.Maintain a Healthy Weight

-Keeping weight in check can be
hard, but it has amazing health
benefits.
2. Exercise Regularly
Few things are as good for you as regular
physical activity. While it can be hard to
find the time, it’s important to fit in at
least 30 minutes of activity every day.
More is even better, but any amount is
better than none.
3. Don’t Smoke Or Use Smokeless Tobacco
Tobacco causes many types of cancer, along
with other serious problems. So, stay
tobacco-free.
4. Eat a Healthy Diet

The basics of healthy eating are

pretty simple. Focus on fruits,
vegetables and whole grains, and
keep red meat and processed
meat to a minimum.
5. Limit Alcohol – Zero Is Best

Drinking alcohol can increase the

chances of developing six different types
of cancer.
6. Protect Yourself from the Sun And
Avoid Tanning Beds
While the warm sun can feel great, too
much exposure to it can lead to skin cancer,
including melanoma. And tanning beds can
be just as harmful. Skin damage starts early
in childhood, so it’s especially important to
protect children.
 7. Protect Yourself From Sexually
Transmitted Infections
Sexually transmitted infections – like
human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis and
HIV – can cause a number of different
cancers. Protecting against these infections
can lower risk. Try to always practice safer
sex, which lowers the chance of getting a
sexually transmitted infection.
 8. Get Screening Tests
There are a number of important screening tests that can
help protect against cancer.
Age 21:
– Cervical cancer
Age 40:
– Breast cancer
– Prostate cancer (For African American men and others at
highest risk, discuss benefits and risks of screening with a
healthcare provider)
Age 45:
– Colon cancer
– Prostate cancer (For average-risk men, discuss benefits and
risks of screening with a healthcare provider)
Age 50:
– Lung cancer (For people who smoke or used to smoke)
 8.2 Cancer Related Deaths
36.9%

14 Million New Cases

63.1%

Cancers figure among the leading causes of morbidity and

mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new cases and
8.2 million cancer related deaths in 2012 (WHO).
 800 Per
Day NCDs are now considered a “silent
0.3%
disaster”
Filipino men, the 6 most common
sites of cancer diagnosed in 2010
(Globocan) were lung, liver,
colon/rectum, prostate, stomach, and
leukemia.
Filipino women the 6 most common
sites diagnosed were breast, cervix,
300,000 Victims Per
lung, colon/rectum, ovary and liver.
Year
99.7%
Philippine Cancer Control Program which started
in 1990 through Administrative Order No. 89-A s.
1990, amending A.O. No. 188-A s. 1973. Hence, the
National Cancer Control Committee (NCCC)
developed the National Cancer Prevention and
Control Action Plan (NCPCAP) 2015-2020.
The National Cancer
Prevention and Control
Action Plan 2015-2020 shall
cover the following key
areas of concern:
1. Policy and Standards
Development

1. Development of “National Policy on the Integration of

Palliative and Hospice Care into the Philippine Health
Care System”
2. Development and Operationalization of National
Cancer Prevention and Control Website and Social
Media Sites
3. Development of “Comprehensive National Policy on
Cancer Prevention and Control”
4. Establishment of National Cancer Center and Strategic
Satellite Cancer Centers
5. Expansion of PhilHealth Z Benefit Package Coverage
to Other Cancers
 2. Advocacy and Promotions

a. Cancer Awareness Campaigns

b. Partnership with DepEd, CHED, DOLE-Bureau of Working Conditions,

and Civil Service Commission
 3. Capacity Building and Resource
Mobilization

1. Training of Trainers on Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control

2. Training of Trainers on Palliative and Hospice Care
Palliative and hospice care has been the missing link in our health care delivery
system. Our Universal Health Care or Kalusugan Pangkalahatan would not be
complete without integrating palliative and hospice care into the existing
promotive–preventive–curative-rehabilitative continuum of care. It is
therefore imperative to institutionalize and integrate palliative and hospice
care both in the hospitals or health facilities and in community or home-based
level.
3. Training of Trainers on Patient Navigation Program
Patient Navigation Program / Medicine Access Program: It provides
chemotherapy for early stage breast cancer and acute lymphocytic leukemia
and other diagnostic standard procedures for eligible patients at no cost. This
project involves seven (7) government hospitals, namely: Philippine General
Hospital, Jose Reyes Memorial Medical Center, East Avenue Medical Center,
Rizal Medical Center, Amang Rodriguez Memorial Medical Center, Philippine
Children’s Medical Center and Bicol Regional Training and Teaching Hospital.
 4. Service Delivery

a. Availability of Free Cervical Cancer Screening in all

trained RHUs
b. Availability of cryotherapy equipment in every
province (81 provinces)
c. Availability and accessibility of screenings for selected
cancers in all trained RHUs
d. School-based HPV vaccination of 9 to 13-year-old
females
e. Hepatitis B vaccination for all health workers
nationwide
5. Information Management and
Surveillance

a. Establishment of National Cancer Registry

(hospital- and population-based)
b. Development and Operationalization of Cancer
Helpline (including Telemedicine)
 6.) Research and
Development

1. Establishment of National Research and

Development Program for Cancer Control
2. Research: Study on the Socio-Economic Burden
and Impact Assessment of Cancer in the
Philippines
3. Determination of Cancer Incidence in the
Philippines 2008-2013
6.) Research and
Development
NATIONAL CANCER CONTROL
COMMITTEE
 ROLES AND FUNCTIONS OF NATIONAL
CANCER CONTROL COMMITTEE

1. Set the roadmap of National Cancer Prevention and Control Program (NCPCP)
2. Plan, establish and implement policies, guidelines and standards throughout the
continuum of holistic health care (preventive, promotive, curative, rehabilitative and
palliative)
3. Advise / recommend upgrading of existing cancer management facilities in the country
4. Coordinating body for all cancer works in the country
5. Ensure the implementation of NCPCP down to the grassroots level
6. Establish and carry out an effective nationwide cancer education program /
dissemination
7. Provide technical and financial support on cancer prevention, early detection, treatment
and palliative care
8. Establish and carry out effective training program
9. Ensure the collection and analysis of data from registry and surveillance
10. Implement, monitor and evaluate the NCPCP regularly through implementation review
and impact evaluation
11. Empower and engage all the stakeholders to actively work on and participate in on
various areas of NCPCP
12. Endorse support for researchers in the clinical, epidemiological, public health and
knowledge management areas and in collaboration with international institutes
13. Others that may be identified and approved by the Secretary of Health
LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE

LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE

EXPERTS GROUP
EXPERTS GROUP
EXPERTS GROUP
SUBCOMMITTEES OF NATIONAL
CANCER CONTROL COMMITTEE
SUBCOMMITTEES OF NATIONAL
CANCER CONTROL COMMITTEE