2020

10 MATHS th

HOTS
(HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS)
QUESTION BANK WITH SOLUTIONS
THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS OF THE HOTS TYPE
CHAPTERWISE AS PER THE QUESTIONS PAPER DESIGN 2018–19 CURRICULUM.

This year 17% of the paper will be of HOTS (High Order Thinking skill) questions type.
Total 17 marks out of 80 marks.
 Four questions of 3 marks each
 One question of 2 marks
These questions are analytical in nature and different from the regular questions.
Answering them will require sound understanding of concepts as well as critical thinking.

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HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS)
QUESTION BANK WITH SOLUTIONS
What are HOTS Questions?
According to 2018-2019 curriculum document of CBSE, HOTS are
defined as questions which will need the student to do

 Analysis & Synthesis - Classify, compare, contrast, or

differentiate between different pieces of information
 Organize and/or integrate - unique pieces of information
from a variety of sources.

Chapter 1
Real Numbers
2 Marks Questions

Q1. Find the largest positive integer that will divide 122,150 and 115 leaving
remainder 5, 7 and 11 respectively.

Solution
122-5 = 117 is exactly divisible by the required number
150-7 = 143,
115-11 = 104
So, required number is the HCF of 117,143,104
117 = 3x3x13
143 = 11x13
104 = 2x2x2x13
 HCF ( 117,143,104 ) = 13
Hence, required number is 13.

Q2. Use Euclid’s division algorithm to find the largest number which divides 957
and 1280 leaving remainder 5 in each case.

Solution

957-5=952 and 1280-5= 1275,are completely divisible by required number.

Now find the HCF by Euclid division lemma,
1275 > 952 by apply division lemma
1275 = 952 x 1 + 323 ( since R≠ 0 )
952 = 323 x 2 + 306 ( since R≠ 0 )
323 = 306 x 1 + 17 ( since R ≠ 0)
306 = 17 x 18 + 0 here R = 0
Divisor in the last step is 17
 HCF of 1275 and 952 is 17.
Hence required number is 17.
 3 Marks Questions

Q3. In a school there are two sections of class 10th.there are 40 students in 1st
section and 48 students in second section. Determine the minimum number of
books required for their class library so that they can be distributed equally
among students of both sections.

Solution

Required number of books = LCM ( 40,48 )

40 = 2x2x2x5
48 = 2x2x2x2x3
LCM (40,48) = 2x2x2x2x3x5 = 240
Hence, required number of books are 240

Q4. In a morning walk Nirmaljeet, Puneet, Rajiv step off together, their steps
measuring 240 cm , 90 cm, 120cm respectively. What is the minimum
distance each should walk so that one can cover the distance in complete
steps?

Solution

240 = 2x2x2x2x3x5
90 = 2x3x3x5
120 = 2x2x2x3x5
LCM = 2x2x2x2x3x3x5 = 720
Hence required distance 720 cm.

Q.5 The sets of mathematics, physics and physical education books have to be
stacked in such a way that all the books are stored topic wise. The number of
mathematics , physics and physical education books are 14 , 18 and 22.
Determine the number of stacks of each books provided books are of the same
thickness.

Solution 3: Firstly , to arrange the books as according to condition,

Find HCF of 14, 18 and 22.

14 = 2x7
18 = 2x3x3
22 = 2x11
HCF = 2
So ,there are only 2 books in each stack.
14
Number of stack of Mathematics books = =7
2

18
Number of stack of Physics books = =9
2

22
Number of stack of Physical Education books = = 11.
2
Chapter 2
Polynomials

1) α and β are zeroes of the polynomial 9y2 + 12y + 4, then find the values of
α+β+αβ.
α and β are the zeroes of 9y2 + 12y +4.

12 4 4
So, α+β =    and   .
9 3 9

4 4  12  4  8
So,           .
3 9 9 9

2) If α and β are zeroes of a quadratic polynomial x2 - x -30,then form a

quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 2-α and 2-β.

α and β are the zeroes of quadratic polynomial x2- x - 30.

 (1)
   1
So, 1

 30
and    30.
1

Now, sum of(2-α) and (2-β) = 2-α+2-β  =4 - (α + β) = 4-1=3.

And product of (2-α) and (2-β)=(2-α)(2-β)

 4  2  2  
=  4  2(   )  
 4  2 1  30  28

Hence the required polynomial is = x2- (sum of zeroes)x +(product of zeroes)

 x 2  3 x  (28)
 x 2  3 x  28.

3) If two zeroes of a polynomial x3 - 3x2 + 2 are 1  3 and 1 3 then find the

third zero.

Sol. Since 1  3and 1  3 are two zeroes of given polynomial.

S0, [ x  (1  3 )][ x  (1  3 )] is also factor of the given polynomial.

Now, [ x  (1  3 ][ x  (1  3 ]  ( x  1  3 )( x  1  3)

 ( x  1) 2  ( 3 ) 2
 x2  2x 1 3
 x 2  2 x  2.

So,

x 2  2 x  2 x3  3x  2 x 1

x3  2 x2  2x

  

 x2  2x  2
 x2  2x  2

  
0

Hence the third factor is (x-1) and third zero is 1.

4 )What should be added in the polynomial x3 - 2x2 - 3x -4 so it is completely

divisible by x2 -x ?

We divide x 2  2 x 2  3 x  4 by x 2  x .
x 2  x x3  2 x 2  3x  4 x 1

x3  x2

 

 x 2  3x  4
 x2  x

 
 4x  4

Hence remainder is  4 x  4 so  ( 4 x  4) must be added for the polynomial

becoming divisible by x 2  x .
5)If the polynomial 6x4 + 8x3 + 17x2 + 21x + 7 is divided by another polynomial
3x2 + 4x+1, the remainder comes out to be a (ax+b), find a and b.

On dividing 6 x 4  8 x 3  17 x 2  21x  7 by 3 x 2  4 x  1, we get:

3 x 2  4 x  1 6 x 4  8 x 2  17 x 2  21x  7 2 x 2  5

6 x 4  8x3  2 x 2

  

15 x 2  21x  7
15 x 2  20 x  5

  
x2

The given remainder is ax+b.

So ax+b = x+2

 a = 1 and b = 2.

6)If α and β are zeroes of the polynomial 2x2 - 7x + 5, then find the value of
2 2
 .
 

Sol. α and β are zeroes of 2x2-7x+5.

 ( 7 ) 7 5
So,     and  
2 2 2

 2  2  3   3 (   ) 3  3 (   )
  
   
3
7 5 7 343 105
   3  
Now, 
 2 2 2
 8 4
5 5
2 2
(343  210) 2 133
  
8 5 20
7) If the squared difference of the zeros of the quadratic polynomial x2 + px +
45 is equal to 144 , find the value of p.

Let two zeros are α and β where α > β According given condition
(α - β)2 = 144
Let p(x) = x2 + px + 45
α + β =-b/a

αβ = c/a = 45/a
now (α - β)2 = 144
(α + β)2 – 4 αβ = 144

(-p)2 – 4 (45) = 144 Solving this we get p = ± 18

Chapter 3
Pair of linear equations in two variables
2 Marks Questions

Q 1. In a ΔABC,  C = 3  B = 2 (  A +  B). Find the three angles.

Solution:
Given that,
 C = 3  B = 2(  A +  B)
3  B = 2(  A +  B)
3 B = 2 A + 2 B
 B = 2 A
2 ∠A − ∠B = 0 ………………………………… (i)
We know that the sum of the measures of all angles of a triangle is 180°.
Therefore,
 A +  B +  C = 180°
 A +  B + 3  B = 180°
 A + 4  B = 180° …………………………….. (ii)
Multiplying equation (i) by 4, we obtain
8  A − 4 ∠  = 0 …………………………….… (iii)
Adding equations (ii) and (iii), we obtain
9  A = 180°
 A = 20°
From equation (ii), we obtain
20° + 4  B = 180°
4  B = 160°
 B = 40°
C =3 B
= 3 × 40° = 120°
Therefore,  A,  B,  C are 20°, 40°, and 120° respectively.
Q 2. ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral finds the angles of the cyclic quadrilateral.

Solution:
We know that the sum of the measures of opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral
is 180°.
Therefore,  A +  C = 180
4y + 20 − 4x = 180
− 4x + 4y = 160
x − y = − 40 ………………………(
………………………(i)
Also,  B +  D = 180
3y − 5 − 7x + 5 = 180
− 7x + 3y = 180 …………………..(
…………………..(ii)
Multiplying equation ((i) by 3, we obtain
3x − 3y = − 120 ……………………(
……………………(iii)
Adding equations ((ii) and (iii), we obtain
− 7x + 3x = 180 − 120
− 4x = 60
x = −15
By using equation ((i), we obtain x − y = − 40
−15 − y = − 40
y = −15 + 40 = 25
 A = 4y + 20 = 4(25) + 20 = 120°
 B = 3y − 5 = 3(25) − 5 = 70°
 C = − 4x = − 4(− 15) = 60°
 D = − 7x + 5 = − 7(−15) + 5 = 110°

Q 3. Solve the following pair of linear equations:

px + qy = p − q
qx − py = p + q
Solution:

px + qy = p − q ……………………..… (1)
qx − py = p + q ……………………..… (2)
Multiplying equation (1) by p and equation (2) by q, we obtain
p2x + pqy = p2 − pq …………………………… (3)
q2x − pqy = pq + q2 ………………………..… (4)
Adding equations (3) and (4), we obtain
p2x + q2 x = p2 + q2
(p2 + q2) x = p2 + q2

X= =1, x=1

From equation (1), we obtain

p (1) + qy = p − q
qy = − q
y=−1

3 Marks Questions

Q 4. For which values of a and b does the following pair of linear equations
have an infinite number of solutions?
2x + 3y =7
(a – b)x + (a + b)y = 3a +b –2
Solution:
2x + 3y -7 = 0
(a – b)x + (a + b)y - (3a +b –2) = 0

a1/a2 = 2/a-b = 1/2

b1/b2 = -7/a+b and
c1/c2 = -7/-(3a+b-2) = 7/(3a+b-2)
For infinitely many solutions,a1/a2 = b1/b2 = c1/c2
2/a-b = 7/3a+b-26a + 2b - 4 = 7a - 7b
a - 9b = -4 ... (i)
2/a-b = 3/a+b
2a + 2b = 3a - 3b
a - 5b = 0 ... (ii)
Subtracting equation (i) from (ii), we get
4b = 4
b=1
Putting this value in equation (ii), we get
a-5×1=0
a=5
Hence, a = 5 and b = 1 are the values for which the given equations give infinitely
many solutions

Q 5. Solve for x and y:

a(x+y)+ b(x-y)= a2-ab+b2

a(x+y) –b(x-y)=a2+b2+ab

Solution:

a(x+y)+ b(x-y)= a2-ab+b2 --------------------- (1)

a(x+y) –b(x-y)=a2+b2+ab ---------------------(2)

Multiplying (i) by (a-b) and (2) by (a+b),we get

(a-b){ a(x+y)+ b(x-y)= a2-ab+b2}

(a+b) {a(x+y) –b(x-y)=a2+b2+ab}

(a2-b2)x+(a-b)2y= (a-b)(a2-ab+b2)----------------------------(3)

(a2-b2)x+(a+b)2y= (a+b)(a2+ab+b2)-------------------------(4)

Subtracting (4) from(3)

{(a-b)2-(a+b)2}y= a3-a2b+ab2-ba2+ab2-b3-b3-a3-a2b-ab2-ba2-ab2

-4aby= -4a2b-2b3

-4aby=-2b(2a2+b2)

𝟐𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
y= 𝟐𝒂

Put in equation (1),we have

(a+b)x= a2-ab+b2-(a-b)( )

2a(a+b)x= 2a3- 2a2b+2ab2-2a3-ab2+2a2b+b3

2a(a+b)x= ab2+b3= b2(a+b)

𝒃𝟐
x= 𝟐𝒂

Q 6. On selling a T,V at 5% gain and a fridge at 10% gain ,a shopkeeper gains

Rs.2000. But if he sells the T.V at 10% gain and the fridge at 5% loss, he
gains Rs.1500 on the transanction.Find the actual price of the T.V and the
fridge.
Solution:

Let the actual price of the T.V and the fridge be x and y respectively.

ATQ,( x-x) + ( y-y)= 2000

+ = 2000

x+2y =40000--------------------- (i)

And, ( x-x)- (y- y)= 1500

- = 1500

2x-y=30000 ----------------------- (ii)

Multiplying equation (ii) by 2,we get

4x-2y=60000 ---------------------------- (iii)

Adding equation (i) and (iii),we get

5x=100000

X= = 20000

Substituting x=20000 in equation (i),we get

20000+ 2y= 4000

2y=40000-20000=20000

y= = 10000

So, the solution of the given equations is x= 20000 and y=10000.

Q7. One says, “Give me a hundred, friend! I shall then become twice as rich as
you”. The other replies, “If you give me ten, I shall be six times as rich as
you”. Tell me what is the amount of their (respective) capital?

Solution:

Let those friends were having Rs x and y with them.

Using the information given in the question, we obtain
x + 100 = 2(y − 100) x + 100 = 2y – 200
or x − 2y = −300 ……………….(i)
And,
6(x − 10) = (y + 10)
Or 6x − 60 = y + 10
Or 6x − y = 70 ………………………….(ii)
Multiplying equation (ii) by 2, we obtain
12x − 2y = 140 (iii)
Subtracting equation (i) from equation (iii), we obtain
11x = 140 + 300 11x = 440 x = 40
Using this in equation (i), we obtain
40 − 2y = −300
40 + 300 = 2y
2y = 340
y = 170
Therefore, those friends had Rs 40 and Rs 170 with them respectively.

Q8. The students of a class are made to stand in rows. If 3 students are extra in
a row, there would be 1 row less. If 3 students are less in a row, there
would be 2 rows more. Find the number of students in the class.

Solution:

Let the number of rows be x and number of students in a row be y.

Total students of the class
= Number of rows × Number of students in a row
= xy
Using the information given in the question,
Condition 1
Total number of students = (x − 1) (y + 3)
Or xy = (x − 1) (y + 3) = xy − y + 3x − 3
Or 3x − y − 3 = 0
Or 3x − y = 3 ……………………………………. (i)
Condition 2
Total number of students = (x + 2) (y − 3)
Or xy = xy + 2y − 3x − 6
Or 3x − 2y = −6 ……………………………….(ii)
Subtracting equation (ii) from (i),
(3x − y) − (3x − 2y) = 3 − (−6)
− y + 2y = 3 + 6 y = 9
By using equation (i), we obtain
3x − 9 = 3
3x = 9 + 3 = 12
x=4
Number of rows = x = 4
Number of students in a row = y = 9
Number of total students in a class = xy = 4 × 9 = 36
Chapter 4
Quadratic Equations
2 Marks Questions

Q1. Find the discriminant of the equation 36𝑥 − 12𝑎𝑥 + (𝑎 − 𝑏 ) = 0

Solution

36𝑥 − 12𝑎𝑥 + (𝑎 − 𝑏 ) = 0
𝐷 = 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐
= (−12𝑎) − 4 × 36 × (𝑎 − 𝑏 )
144𝑎 − 144𝑎 + 144𝑏
= 144𝑏

Q2. For what value of k the equation 𝑘𝑥(𝑥 − 2) = 0 has real roots?

Solution

𝑘𝑥(𝑥 − 2) = 0
𝑘𝑥 − 2𝑘𝑥 = 0
For real roots 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 ≥ 0
(−2𝑘) − 4𝑘 × 0 ≥ 0
4𝑘 − 0 ≥ 0
𝑘 ≥0
It is true for all values of k
But for k = 0 the given equation is not quadratic.
So for every non 0 value of k the given equation has real roots.

Q3. Find the value of h and k for which 𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 = are the roots of the
quadratic equation ℎ𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 − 6 = 0.

Solution

ℎ𝑥 + 𝑘𝑥 − 6 = 0
−2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 are the roots of the quadratic equation
So product of the roots =
3 −6
−2 × =
4 ℎ

6×4
ℎ= =4
2×3
sum of the roots =
3 −𝑘
−2 + =
4 ℎ
−8 + 3 −𝑘
=
4 4
 −5 = −𝑘
𝑘=5

3 Marks Questions

Q4. For what value of k, does the quadratic equation

(4 − 𝑘)𝑥 + (2𝑘 + 4)𝑥 + 8𝑘 + 1 = 0 have equal roots?

Solution

Here 𝑎 = 4 − 𝑘, 𝑏 = 2𝑘 + 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 8𝑘 + 1
For equal roots, 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0

Or 𝑏 = 4𝑎𝑐

(2𝑘 + 4) = 4(4 − 𝑘)(8𝑘 + 1)

4𝑘 + 16𝑘 + 16 = 4(31𝑘 − 8𝑘 + 4)
𝑘 + 4𝑘 + 4 = 31𝑘 − 8𝑘 + 4
9𝑘 − 27𝑘 = 0
9𝑘(𝑘 − 3) = 0
So 𝑘 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑘 = 3

Q5. If the equation (1 + 𝑚 )𝑛 𝑥 + 2𝑚𝑛𝑐𝑥 + (𝑐 − 𝑎 ) = 0of x has equal roots,

prove that 𝑐 = 𝑎 (1 + 𝑚 ).

Solution

(1 + 𝑚 )𝑛 𝑥 + 2𝑚𝑛𝑐𝑥 + (𝑐 − 𝑎 ) = 0,
As it has equal roots therefore 𝐵 − 4𝐴𝐶 = 0
(2𝑚𝑛𝑐) = 4{(1 + 𝑚 )𝑛 }{𝑐 − 𝑎 }
(4𝑚 𝑛 𝑐 = 4(𝑛 )(1 + 𝑚 )(𝑐 − 𝑎 )
𝑚 𝑐 = 𝑐 −𝑎 +𝑚 𝑐 −𝑚 𝑎
0=𝑐 −𝑎 −𝑚 𝑎
𝑐 = 𝑎 (1 + 𝑚 )

Q6. If the roots of the quadratic (𝑏 − 𝑐)𝑥 + (𝑐 − 𝑎)𝑥 + (𝑎 − 𝑏) = 0 are real and
equal then prove that 2𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑐

Solution

Roots are real and equal so 𝐷 = 0

𝐵 = 4𝐴𝐶
(𝑐 − 𝑎) − 4(𝑏 − 𝑐)(𝑎 − 𝑏) = 0
𝑎 + 𝑐 − 2𝑎𝑐 − 4𝑏𝑎 + 4𝑏 + 4𝑎𝑐 − 4𝑏𝑐 = 0
(𝑎 + 𝑐 − 2𝑏) = 0
𝑜𝑟 𝑎 + 𝑐 − 2𝑏 = 0
𝑜𝑟 𝑎 + 𝑐 = 2𝑏
Q7. Solve for x :

9𝑥 − 9(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 + (2𝑎 + 5𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏 ) = 0

Solution

9𝑥 − 9(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥 + (2𝑎 + 5𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏 ) = 0

Here 𝐴 = 9, 𝐵 = −9(𝑎 + 𝑏) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶 = 2𝑎 + 5𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏

𝐷 = 𝐵 − 4𝐴𝐶
= (−9(𝑎 + 𝑏)) − 4 × 9 × (2𝑎 + 5𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏 )
= 81(𝑎 + 𝑏) − 36(2𝑎 + 5𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑏 )
= 81𝑎 + 81𝑏 + 162𝑎𝑏 − 72𝑎 − 180 𝑎𝑏 − 72𝑏
= 9𝑎 + 9𝑏 − 18𝑎𝑏
= 9(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 2𝑎𝑏)
= 9(𝑎 − 𝑏)
−𝐵 ± √𝐵 − 4𝐴𝐶
𝑥=
2𝐴
9(𝑎 + 𝑏) ± 9(𝑎 − 𝑏)
𝑥=
2×9
9(𝑎 + 𝑏) ± 3(𝑎 − 𝑏)
𝑥=
18
9𝑎 + 9𝑏 + 3𝑎 − 3𝑏 9𝑎 + 9𝑏 − 3𝑎 + 3𝑏
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟
18 18
2𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎 + 2𝑏
𝑥= 𝑜𝑟
3 3

Q8. A train takes 2 hours less for the journey of 300 km, if its speed is
increased by 5 km/h from its usual speed. Find the usual speed of train.

Solution
Let the usual speed of train = x km/h
Therefore, time taken to cover 300 km = hours
When its speed is increased by 5 km/h, then time taken by the train tom
cover the distance of 300 km = hours
According to the question,

300 300
− =2
𝑥 𝑥+5

300(𝑥 + 5) − 300𝑥
=2
𝑥(𝑥 + 5)
300𝑥 + 1500 − 300𝑥
=2
𝑥 + 5𝑥
𝑥 + 5𝑥 − 750 = 0
(𝑥 − 25)(𝑥 + 30) = 0
𝑥 = 25 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −30
𝑥 = 25 (as speed cannot be negative)

Therefore speed of the train = 25 km/h

Chapter 5
Arithmetic Progressions
2 Marks Questions

Q1. If the numbers n - 2, 4n - 1 and 5n + 2 are in A.P., then the value of n

Sol. Since Here, n - 2, 4n - 1 and 5n + 2 are in A.P.

=> 4n - 1 - (n - 2) = 5n + 2 - (4n - 1)
=> 4n - 1 - n + 2 = 5n + 2 - 4n + 1
=> 3n-n = 3-1
=> 2n =2
=> n =1

Q2. Which term of AP 7.3, 6.9, 6.5 ………. is first negative term.

Sol . a = 7.3 , d = 6.9 -7.3 = - 0.4

an < 0 => a + (n-1)d < 0
 7.3 + ( n-1) (-0.4) < 0
 ( n-1) (-0.4) < -7.3
 n – 1 > - 7.3/- 0.4
 n >18.2 + 1
 n > 19.2
 n = 20

Q3. Write the next term of an AP √8, √18, √32,…….

Sol : 2√2, 3 2, 4√2 … … .

a = 2√2 d =3 2 − 2√2 = √2
Therefore a4 = 5√2 = √50

Q4. If t arithmetic mean between 3a, and 2a-7 is a+4, then find a.

Sol : =𝑎+4

 5a -7 =2a + 8
 5a – 2a = 8 +7
 3a = 15
 a=5
3 Marks Questions

Q5. The sum of the 4th and 8th term of an A.P is 24 and the sum of the 6th term and
10th term is 44. Find the first three terms of the A.P .

Sol. Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ is common difference
According to statement
 a4+a8=24 and a6+a10=44
 2a+10d=24 ____________(i)
 2a+14d=44 ____________(ii)
By subtraction (i) from (ii) we get, d =5, and put the value of ‘d’ in (i)
we get
a=-13 .
There fore
A.P is : -13,-8,-3 ………………………………..
Q6. Find the sum of the first 31 terms of an AP. Whose nth term is given by
3+ 2n/3.

Sol. Given a n= 3 + 2n/3

Put n= 1 , 2 , 3 ……
a =11/3 , a2 =13/3, a3 = 15/3 and so on
therefore a =11/3 and d = 13/3 – 11/3 = 2/3
Sn = n/2[ 2a + (n-1)d]
= 31/2 [ 2 X11/3 + 30X 2/3]
= 31/2[ 22/3 + 60/3]
= 31/2 X 82/3
=1271/3 (Ans)

Q7. The angles of triangle are in A.P. The greatest angle is twice the least. Find
all the angles of the triangle.

Sol. Let the three angles of the triangle be x, y & z

Where x is the smallest and z is the largest angle

Acc. to given condition

Z = 2x

⇒ 2y = x+ z

⇒ 2y = x + 2x

⇒ x + y + z = 1800

Since x, y, z are in A.P.

 3
Y= x
2

Now put the value of z and y from eq. (i), (ii) in (iii)
3
x  x  2 x 180 0
2
9
x 180 0
2
x  40 0
3
y x 40 0  60 0
2
z  2(40 0 )
 80 0
Hence the angles of  are 40 0 , 60 0 & 80 0

Q8. Find the common difference of an AP whose first term is 1 and the sum of
the first four terms is one third to the sum of the next four terms.

Sol. . Let a be the first term and d be the common-difference of an AP a = 1.

3 (t1 + t2 + t3 + t4) = (t5 + t6 + t7 + t8) (i)

Adding (t1 + t2 + t3 + t4 ) on b/sides of eq. (i) we get,

(t1 + t2 + t3 + t4) + 3 (t1 + t2 + t3 + t4)

=(t1 + t2 + t3 + t4 + t5 + t6 + t7 + t8)

⇒ 4 (t1 + t2 + t3 + t4) = (t1 + t2 + t3 + t4 + t5 + t6 + t7 + t8)

4S4 = S8 - (ii)

4
S4= [ 2 1  ( 4  1) d ]  4  6d
2

first term, a = 1

8
S8 = [2 1  (8 1)d ]  8  28d
2

According to Question

⇒ 4 (4 + 6d) = 8 +28d [from eq. in ii]

⇒ 4d = 8 ⇒d=2
Q9.If S the sum of first n term of an A.P. is given S =3n -4n, then find its nth
term.

Sol. 𝑆 = 3𝑛 + 4n

𝑆 = 3(𝑛 − 1) - 4(n-1)

𝑆 -𝑆 = (3𝑛 - 4n) – {3(𝑛 − 1) - 4(n-1)}

𝑎 = (3𝑛 - 4n) – (3(𝑛 - 2n + 1) – 4n + 4}

= 3𝑛 - 4n – {3𝑛 - 6n + 3 – 4n + 4}

= 3𝑛 - 4n – {3𝑛 - 10n + 7}

= 3𝑛 - 4n - 3𝑛 + 10n – 7

6n – 7

Hence required 𝑛 term is 6n-7.

Q10. The ratio of the sums of m and n terms of an AP is m2 : n2, so that the ratio of
mth and nth terms is (2m-1): (2n-1)

Sol.:- Sm : Sn = m2 : n2

( ( ) )
=> =
( ( ) )

( )
( )
= By cross multiplication

𝑑 = 2𝑎
( )
= ( )
Put d = 2a
( ) ( )
= ( )
=> = ( )
Chapter 6
Triangles
2 Marks Questions

KP 4
Q1. In figure PQ||MN and  , KN = 20.4cm. Find KQ.
PM 13
K
Solution: In KMN ,
KP KQ
 ( PQ||MN given)
MP QN P Q

KP KQ
 M N
MP KN  KQ

4 KQ

13 20.4  KQ
 4(20.4 – KQ) = 13 KQ
 81.6 – 4KQ = 13 KQ
 KQ = 4.8cm

Q2. In figure, DE||BC. If AD = x, DB = x-2, AE = x+2 and EC = x – 1, find the

value
of ‘x’.

Solution: C

In ABC ,
AD AE E
 (byThale’s theorem)
DB EC

x x2

x  2 x 1

x(x-1) = (x-2)(x+2) A B
D

x2 – x = x2 – 4
x=4
Q3. AD is the bisector of A , if BD = 4 cm, DC = 3cm and AB = 6cm determine
AC.

A
Solution:

In  ABC , AD is the bisector of  A

BD AB
 
DC AC
4 6
 
3 AC
3X 6 B D C
 AC= =4.5 cm
4

3 Marks Questions

Q4. ABC is a right-angled triangle, right angled at B. AD and CE are two

medians drawn from A and C respectively. If AC = 5 cm, and AD = (3 √ 5)/ 2 cm,
find the length of CE.

Solution:
A
In right angled triangle

Let BD = DC = x
AE = BE = y
In right angled triangle ABC E
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
(2y)2 + (2x)2 = 25
4y2 + 4x2 = 25 ….(i)
In right angled triangle ABD
AB2 + BD2 = AD2
2
3 5 
  B D C
 2 
4y2 + x2 =  

4y2 + x2=
16y2 + 4x2= 45 ……..(ii)
Subracting equation (i) from (ii)

12y2= 20
5
y2=
3
put this value in equation (i)
5
4 +4x2 = 25
3
4x2 = 25 -

x2 =

now in right triangle BEC CE2 = BE2 + BC2

= y2 + (2x)2 =y2 + 4x2 = +4 

= 20
CE = 2 5

Q5. In the given figure, O is a point in the interior of a triangle ABC, OD ⊥ BC,
OE ⊥ AC and OF ⊥ AB. Show that

(a) OA2 + OB2 + OC2 – OD2 – OE2 – OF2 = AF2 +

BD2 + CE2
(b) (b) AF2 + BD2 + CE2 = AE2 + CD2 + BF2

(a) Solution:

In ∆ AFO; AF2 = OA2 – OF2

In ∆ BDO; BD2 = OB2 – OD2

In ∆ CEO; CE2 = OC2 – OE2

Adding the above three equations, we get;

AF2 + BD2 + CE2 = OA2 + OB2 + OC2 – OD2 – OE2 –

OF2 proved

(b) AF2 + BD2 + CE2 = AE2 + CD2 + BF2

(b) Solution: In ∆ AEO; AE2 = OA2 – OE2

In ∆ CDO; CD2 = OC2 – OD2

In ∆ BFO: BF2 = OB2 – OF2

Adding the above three equations, we get;

AE2 + CD2 + BF2 = OA2 + OB2 + OC2 – OD2 – OE2 – OF2

From the previous solution, we also have;

AF2 + BD2 + CE2 = OA2 + OB2 + OC2 – OD2 – OE2 – OF2

Comparing the RHS of the above two equations, we get;

AF2 + BD2 + CE2 = AE2 + CD2 + BF2 proved

Q6. If ABC and DBC are two triangles on the same base BC and AD intersects BC
at O, show that

Solution:

Let us draw altitudes AM and DN on BC; respectively from A and D

In ΔAMO and ΔDNO;

∠ AMO = ∠ DNO (Right angle)

∠ AOM = ∠ DON (Opposite angles)

Hence; ΔAMO ~ ΔDNO

Hence;
Q7. ABC is an equilateral triangle of side 2a. Find each of its altitudes.

Solution:

In case of an equilateral triangle, an altitude will divide the triangle into two
congruent right triangles. In the right triangle thus formed, we have;

Hypotenuse = One of the sides of the equilateral triangle = 2a

Perpendicular = altitude of the equilateral triangle = p 2a p

Base = half of the side of the equilateral triangle = a

Using Pythagoras theorem, the perpendicular can be calculated as follows:

p2 = h2 – b2

Or, p2 = (2a)2 – a2

Or, p2 = 4a2 – a2 = 3a2

Or, p = a√3

Q8. Prove that the sum of the squares of the sides of a rhombus is equal to the
sum of the squares of its diagonals.

Solution:

ABCD is a rhombus in which diagonals AC and BD intersect at point O.

To Prove: AB2 + BC2 + CD2 + AD2 = AC2 + BD2

In ∆ AOB; AB2 = AO2 + BO2

In ∆ BOC; BC2 = CO2 + BO2

In ∆ COD; CD2 = CO2 + DO2

In ∆ AOD; AD2 = DO2 + AO2

Adding the above four equations, we get;

AB2 + BC2 + CD2 + AD2

= AO2 + BO2 + CO2 + BO2 + CO2 + DO2 + DO2 + AO2

Or, AB2 + BC2 + CD2 + AD2 = 2(AO2 + BO2 + CO2 + DO2)

Or, AB2 + BC2 + CD2 + AD2 = 2(2AO2 + 2BO2)

(Because AO = CO and BO = DO)

Or, AB2 + BC2 + CD2 + AD2 = 4(AO2 + BO2) ………(1)

Now, let us take the sum of squares of diagonals;

AC2 + BD2 = (AO + CO)2 + (BO + DO)2

= (2AO)2 + (2BO)2

= 4AO2 + 4BO2 ……(2)

From equations (1) and (2), it is clear;

AB2 + BC2 + CD2 + AD2 = AC2 + BD2 proved

Q9. An aeroplane leaves and airport and flies due north at a speed of 1000 km
per hour. At the same time, another aeroplane leaves the same airport and flies
due west at a speed of 1200 km per hour. How far apart will be the two planes
after 1.5 hours?

Solution: Distance covered by the first plane in 1.5 hours = 1500 km

Distance covered by the second plane in 1.5 hours = 1800 km

The position of the two planes after 1.5 hour journey can be shown by a right
triangle and we need to find the hypotenuse to know the aerial distance between
them.

Here; h = ? p = 1800 km and b = 1500 km

From Pythagoras theorem;

h2 = p2 + b2

Or, h2 = 18002 + 15002 = = 3240000 + 2250000 = 5490000

Or, h = 300√61 km
Chapter 7
Coordinate Geometry
2 Marks Questions

Q1. The two opposite vertices of a square are (-1, 2) and ( 3, 2). Find the
coordinates of other two vertices .

Solution :

Let ABCD be a square and let A(-1, 2) and C( 3 , 2) be two itsvertices . Let B ( x ,y)
be unknown vertex. Then AB=BC

(x+1)2 + (y-2)2 = (3- x)2 + (2 – y)2 ( Squaring )

x=1

Further, in Triangle ABC

AC2 = AB2 + BC2

(3 + 1)2+(2 - 2)2 = (x+1)2 + (y-2)2 + (3- x)2 + (2 – y)2

16 = 2x2 + 2y2 + 2x + 1 – 4y + 4 – 6x +9 – 4y + 4

Putting x = 1 we get

2y2 – 8y = 0

y(y – 4) = 0

y = 0,4

So, other two vertices are (1 ,0) and ( 1, 4)

Q 2. If three points ( x1, y1) , ( x2 , y2 ) and ( x3,y3) are three points lie on the same
line ,prove that + + =0

Solution :

ATQ, Area of triangle= 0

½[x1(y2-y3) + x2(y3- y1)+ x3( y1 – y2)] = 0

[x1(y2-y3) + x2(y3- y1)+ x3( y1 – y2)] = 0

Dividing by x1x2x3 ,

we get + + =0
Q 3. Prove that the points (a.,0) , ( 0, b) and ( 1,1) are collinear if, 1/a + 1/b =1

Solution: ATQ, Area of Triangle = 0

½[a(b-1) + 0(1-0) + 1( 0-b)]= 0

[ab-a-b] =0

ab = a+ b

1 = (a+b)/ab

1 = 1/b + 1/a

Hence, 1/a + 1/b=1

3 Marks Questions

Q 4. If (-2,2) , (x,8) and (6 , y) are three concyclic points whose centre is (2, 5).
Find the values of x and y .

Solution : Let given points be A(-2,2) , B(x,8) , C(6,y) and O(2,5)

Here, OA=OB=OC

OA2= OB2 = OC2 C(6,y)

Now, OA2 = (-2-2)2 + (2-5)2

= (-4)2+(-3)2 = 16+9 = 25 B(x,8)

O(2,5)
OB2= (x-2)2 + (8-5)2 = (x-2)2 +9

OC2=(6-2)2 + (y-5)2 = 16 + (y-5)2

= 16 + (y-5)2 A(-2,2)

Since , OA2 =OB2= OC2, we have

(x-2)2 + 9 = 25 and 16 + (y-5)2 = 25

(x-2)2 = 16 and (y-5)2 = 9

x-2 = ±4 and (y-5)= ±3

x= 6 , -2 and y = 8, 2
Q 5. The line joining the points (2, 1) and (5, -8) is trisected by the points P and Q.
If the point P lies on the line 2x-y +k=0 , find the value of k.

Solution:

As line segment AB is trisected by points P and Q .

2:1
Q

Case 1: When AP: PB = 1:2

× × ×( ) ×
Then coordinates of P are [ , ]

Since point P(-3, 2) lies on the line

2x-y+k = 0

2 × 3 – (- 2) + k = 0

k= -8

Case 2: When AP: PB = 2:1

× × × ×
Then coordinates of P are [ , ] = (4, -5)

Since point P(4,-5) lies on the line

2x-y+k = 0

2 × 4 – (- 5) + k = 0

k= -13

Q 6. Determine the ratio in which the line 2x+y-4 = 0 divides the line segment
joining the points A(2, -2) and B ( 3, 7)

Solution :

Let P ( x1, y1) be common point of both lines and divide the line segment joining
A(2, -2) and B (3,7) in ratio k:1

x1 = and y1 =

Since , point P ( x1 , y1 ) lies on the line

2x + y = 4
∴2[ ] + =4

k=

So, required ratio be : 1 or 2:9

Q 7. Four points A ( 6,3) , B ( -3, 5) , C(4, -2) and D (x , 3x) given in such a way
that

△
= ½, find x.
△

△
Solution : =½
△

/ [ ( ) ( ) ( )]
=½
/ [ ( ) ( ) ( )]

[ ]
=1/2
[ ]

[ ]
=½
[ ]

[ ]
=1/2
[ ]

2[28x-14]=49

56x-28=49

56x = 77

x = 77/ 56 = 11/8

Q 8. Find the centre of a circle passing through the points (6,6), (3,-7) and (3,3).

Solution :

Let O(x,y) be the centre of circle. Given points are A(6,-6), B(3,-7) and C(3,3).

Then, OA = (𝑥 − 6) + (𝑦 + 6)

OB = (𝑥 − 3) + (𝑦 + 7)

OC = (𝑥 − 3) + (𝑦 − 3)

OA = OB = OC = radius ( point equidistant from centre)

OA = OB
 (𝑥 − 6) + (𝑦 + 6) = (𝑥 − 3) + (𝑦 + 7)

Squaring both sides , we get

3x +y = 7 …….(i)

Similarly, OB = OC

(𝑥 − 3) + (𝑦 + 7) = (𝑥 − 3) + (𝑦 − 3)

y = -2 ……(ii)

Putting y=-2 in (i), we get

3x – 2 = 7

x =3

Hence, the coordinates of the centre of circle are (3, -2)

Chapter 8
Introduction to Trigonometry
2 Marks Questions

Q1. Prove that sec2 A + cosec2A = sec2A . cosec2 A

Solution

LHS = sec2 A + cosec2A

= 1/cos2A + 1/ sin2A

= sin2A + cos2A / cos2A . sin2A

= 1/cos2A x 1/sin2A = sec2A x cosec2A = RHS

Q2. Prove that ( sinθ + cosecθ )2 + (cosθ+secθ)2 = tan2θ + cot2θ + 7.

Solution

L.H.S = sin2θ+cosec2θ+2sinθcosecθ+cos2θ+sec2θ+2cosθsecθ

= 1+1+cot2θ+1+tan2θ+2+2

= 7+tan2θ+cot2θ.

Q3. If cos (40° + x) = sin 30°, find the value of x, provided 40° + x is an acute
angle.

Solution

Given that
cos (40° + x) = sin 30°
Now RHS = sin 30° =
So, cos (40° + x) =
We know that cos 60° = , therefore,
40 + x = 60°
or x = 20°
3 Marks Questions

1  cos 1  cos
Q4. Prove that   2 cos ec .
1  cos 1  cos

Solution

1  cos 1  cos 1  cos 1  cos

L.H.S   
1  cos 1  cos 1  cos 1  cos

=
1  cos  2 
1  cos  2 
1  cos  1  cos 
 ( using 1- 𝑐𝑜𝑠 Ɵ =
1  cos  2
1  cos 2
sin  sin 
𝑠𝑖𝑛 Ɵ)
Ɵ Ɵ
= Ɵ
2
=  2 cos ec
sin 

Q5. If cosec A = 2, find the value of cot A + .

Solution

Let us draw a right triangle ABC such that cosec A = 2

Let AC = 2k, BC = k, so that
AB = √AC − BC
= (2k) − k

= √3k
= √3 k

√
Now, cot A = = = √3
sin A = =
√ √
cos A = =
Putting these values in the given expression, we have

cot A + = √3 + √

= √3 +
√
√
= √3 + [Rationalising the denominator]
= √3 + 2 − √3 = 2
 θ θ θ
Q6. Prove that : =
θ θ θ

Solution

θ θ
LHS =
θ θ

( θ θ) ( θ θ)
= ( θ θ)

( θ θ) ( θ θ) ( θ θ)
=
( θ θ)

( θ θ) [ ( θ θ) ]
=
( θ θ)

( θ θ)( θ θ)
=
( θ θ)

= secθ + tan θ

θ θ
+ = = RHS
θ θ θ

Q7. Prove that: = Sec A + tan A.

Solution

( )( )
L.H.S = = ( )( )

( ) ( )
= =

= = +

= sec A+ tan A = RHS

Q8. Show that (sin6θ + cos6θ ) – 3 ( sin4θ + cos4θ ) + 1 = 0

Solution

LHS : 2(𝑠𝑖𝑛 Ɵ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 Ɵ) − 3(𝑠𝑖𝑛 Ɵ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 Ɵ) + 1

= 2 [ (sin Ɵ) + (cos Ɵ) ] – 3(sin Ɵ + cos Ɵ)+1

    3 sin  cos  sin   cos  
 2 sin 2   cos 2 
3 2 2 2 2

 3sin   cos    2 sin  cos    1 

2 2 2 2 2

[a3+b3 = (a+b)3 – 3ab(a+b)]

   
 2 (1) 3  3 sin 2  cos2  (1)  3 (1) 2  2 sin 2  cos2   1

 2  6 sin 2  cos 2   3  6 sin 2  cos 2   1  0

Chapter 9
Applications of Trigonometry
2 Marks Questions

Q1. A man is watching from the top of a tower a boat speeding away from the
tower. The boat makes an angle of depression of 45° with the man's eye when at a
distance of 100 metres from the tower. After 10 seconds, the angle of depression
becomes 30°. What is the approximate speed of the boat, assuming that it is
running in still water?

Solution

Let AB be the tower. Let C and D be the positions of the boat

ACB = 45°, ADC = 30°, BC = 100 m

tan 45° = AB/BC =>1=AB/100 => AB = 100 ------(1)

tan 30° = AB/BD =>1/√3=100/BD (∵ Substituted the value of AB from equation

1)
=> BD = 100√3 CD = (BD - BC) = (100√3−100)=100(√3−1)

Given that the distance CD is covered in 10 seconds.

Required speed = Distance × Time=10(1.73−1) = 7.3 m/s
= 7.3×3.6 km/hr = 26.28 km/hr

Q2. To a man standing outside his house, the angles of elevation of the top and
bottom of a window are 60° and 45° respectively. If the height of the man is 180
cm and he is 5 m away from the wall, what is the length of the window?
Solution.

Let AB be the man and CD be the window

The height of the man, AB = 180 cm,
the distance between the man and the wall, BE = 5 m,

DAF = 45° , CAF = 60°

AF = BE = 5 m

In right AFD,

tan45°=DF/AF 1=DF/5 DF = 5------ (1)

In right AFC,

tan60°=CF/AF √3=CF/5 CF=5√3------ (2)

Length of the window = CD = (CF - DF)

[∵ Substitued the value of CF and DF from (1) and (2)]

=5(1.73−1)=5×0.73=3.65 m

Q3. The elevation of the summit of a mountain from its foot is 45°. After
ascending 2 km towards the mountain upon an incline of 30°,the elevation
changes to 60°. What is the approximate height of the mountain?
Solution

Let A be the foot and C be the summit of a mountain.

Given that CAB = 45°
CB is the height of the mountain. Let CB = x
Let D be the point after ascending 2 km towards the mountain such that
AD = 2 km and DAY = 30°
CDE = 60°
In right ABC,
tan45°=CB/AB =>1= x AB[∵ CB = x (the height of the mountain)]=>AB = x------
(1)
From the right AYD,
sin30°=DY/AD =>1/2=DY/2 (∵ AD = 2) => DY=1------ (2)

cos30°=AY/AD =>√3/2=AY/2 => AY=√3------ (3)

In right CED,
tan60°=CE/DE =>tan60°=(CB - EB)/YB∵ [CE = (CB - EB) and DE = YB)]
=>tan60°=(CB - DY)/(AB - AY)[ ∵ EB = DY and YB = (AB - AY)]

=>tan60°=(x - 1)/(x -√3) (∵ CB = x, DY = 1, AB=x and AY = √3 )

=>√3=(x - 1)/(x -√3) => x=2.73=2.7
i.e., the height of the mountain = 2.7 km

3 Marks Questions

Q4. Two persons are on either sides of a tower of height 50 m. The persons
observes the top of the tower at an angle of elevation of 30° and 60°. If a car
crosses these two persons in 10 seconds, what is the speed of the car?
Solution

Let BD be the tower and A and C be the positions of the persons.

Given that BD = 50 m, BAD = 30° , BCD = 60° in right ABD,

tan 30° = BD/BA ⇒ 1/√3=50BA ⇒BA=50√3

tan 60° = BD/BC ⇒√3=50 /BC ⇒BC=50 / √3

Distance between the two persons = AC = BA + BC

=50√3+50/√3=200/√3 m

The distance travelled by the car in 10 seconds = 200/√3 m

Speed of the car = Distance × Time=20/√3 m/s=20/√3×3.6 km/hr=24√3 km/hr

Q5. From the foot and the top of a building of height 230 m, a person observes
the top of a tower with angles of elevation of b and a respectively. What is the
distance between the top of these buildings if tan a = 5/12 and tan b = 4/5

Solution.

Let ED be the building and AC be the tower.

Given that ED = 230 m, ADC = b, AEB = a
Given that tan a = 5/12 and tan b = 4/5
Let AC = h
Required Distance = Distance between the top of these buildings = AE
In right ABE, tan(a)=AB/BE =>5/12=(h-230)/BE

=>BE =12(h-230)/5------ ( 1)
In right ACD, tan(b)=AC/CD =>4/5=h/CD

=>CD = 5h/4------ ( 2)
Now BE = CD
=>12(h-230)/5=5h/4 from (1) & (2)

=>48h−(4×12×230)=25h

=>23h=(4×12×230)

=>h=(4×12×230)/23=480 m ------ ( 3)
in right ABE
AB = (AC - BC)
= (480 - 230)
= 250 m
tan(a) = 5/12. Firstly find sin(a) now by using pyth.thm
sin(a) = 5/13=>AB/AE=5/13=>AE = AB×13/5=250×13/5=650 m
i.e., Distance between the top of the buildings = 650 m

Q6. A boy standing on a horizontal plane finds a bird flying at a distance of 100m
from him at an elevation of 300. A girl standing on the roof of 20 meter high
building
finds the angle of elevation of the same bird to be 450. Both the boy and the girl are
on
opposite sides of the bird. Find the distance of the bird from the girl.

Solution.

In right  ACB
AC
Sin 300 =
AB
1 AC
=
2 100
2 AC = 100 ; AC = 50m
 AF = (50 – 20) = 30m
In right  AFE
AF
Sin 450 =
AE
1 30
 =
2 AE
AE = 30 2
= 30 x 1.414 = 42.42m

Q7. Two ships are sailing in the sea on either side of a lighthouse; the angles of
depression of two ships as observed from the top of the lighthouse are 600 and 450
respectively. If the distance between the ships is meters, find the

height of
the lighthouse.

Solution.

In right  ABC
h h
tan 60o = 3= h= 3 BC
BC ; BC ;
In right  ABD
h
tan 45o =
BD
h = BD
1 3 
BC + BD = 200  
 3 
 
1 3 
BC + 3 BC = 200  

 3 
 200(1  3 )
 BC =
3 (1  3)
h= 3 BC
200
= 3 = 200m
3

 height of light house = 200m

Q8. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower standing on a horizontal plane
from a point D is  . After walking a distance d towards the foot of the tower the
angle of elevation is found to be  . Find the height of the tower.

Solution.

Let BC = x

AB
tan  =
CB

h
tan  =
x

h
x=
tan 

x = h cot  ---------(1)

AB
tan  =
DC  CB

h
tan  =
dx

h
d+x= = hcot
tan 

x = h cot  - d ----------(2)

from 1 and 2

h cot  = h cot  - d

h (cot  - cot  ) = d

d
h=
cot   cot 
Chapter 10
Circles
2 Marks Questions

Q1. In the given figure PQ, PR and AB are tangents at points Q,R and S
respectively of a circle. If PQ =8 cm .Find the perimeter of triangle

A
B
Q RRr
S
R

Solution

AQ=AS

BR=BS

PQ=PR=8cm

Perimeter of ∆ APB =AP+AB+PB

= PQ-AQ+AS+BS+PR-BR

=PQ+PR

=8+8=16cm

Q2. PT is a Tangent to circle with centre O. OT=56cm,TP=90 cm Find OP

Solution

A tangent to the Circle is perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact

So, OT TP

Implies ∆OTP is a rt angle ∆

Therefore OP2=OT2+TP2

562+902= 3136+8100

=11236 = √11236

OP=106cm
Q3. L and M are two tangents to a circle. How
ow could the centre of Circle be
Ascertained

Sol. Draw the perpendiculars on the point of contact of both tangents

angents .Let these
perpendiculars meet at a point O then O will be the Centre of Circle

3 Marks Questions

Q4.

Theorem: The tangent at any point on a circle is perpendicular to the radius drawn
to the point of contact
contact.

Given: -A
A tangent AB with point of contact P.

To prove: OP ⊥ AB

Proof:: Consider point C on AB other than P.

C must lie outside the circle. ((∵A tangent can have only
one point of contact with the circle)

OC > OP (∵ C lies outside the circle)

This is true for all positions of C on AB.

Thus, OP is the shortest distance between point P and line segment AB.
Hence, OP ⊥ AB.

Q5.

Theorem :Tangents
Tangents drawn to a circle from an external point are equal in length
length.

Given:- Two tangents AB and AC from an external point A to points B and C on a

circle.

To prove: AB = AC

Construction:: Join OA, OB and OC.

Proof:In triangles OAB and OAC,

∠OBA = 90⁰ (Radius OB ⊥ Tangent AB at B)

∠OCA = 90⁰ (Radius OC ⊥ Tangent AC at C)

In triangles OBA and OCA,

∠OBA = ∠OCA
OCA = 90
90⁰

OB = OC (Radii of the same circle)

OA = OA (Common side)

Thus, ΔOBA =̃ ΔOCA (RHS congruence rule)

Hence, AB = AC (By C.P.C.T)

Q6

In figure below,, the common tangents AB and CD to two circles with centres O and
O’ intersect in E. Prove that the points O , E and O’ are collinear.

Sol.

By the property of tangents drawn to a circle from an external point, we have

2
∠1= ∠2 ……………….(i)
 4
∠3= ∠4 ……………….(ii)

Also ∠AED = ∠CEB

CEB (Vertically opposite angles) …………(iii)

Adding (i),(ii) and (iii), we get

∠1+ ∠3+ ∠AED= ∠

∠2+ ∠4+ ∠CEB

But (∠1+ ∠3+ ∠AED)

AED) + (∠2+ ∠4+ ∠CEB) = 360° , (angles at a point)

∴we must have

∠1+ ∠3+ ∠AED= ½ (360°) = 180°

⇒ EO and EO’ are collinear

⇒ O, E and O’ lie in the same line

Q7.

From the given fig. A Circle touches all four sides of Quadrilateral ABCD. Prove
that AB+CD=BC+DA

Solution

From the fig. AS=AP, SD=DR , PB=BQ, CR=CQ (Tangents)

AS+SD+BQ+CQ=AP+PB+CR+DR

AD+BC=AB+CD

Q8.

Prove that the ||gm circumscribing a circle isa rhombus

Sol. Given: ABCD ||gm touching the circle at M,N,P,Q

To prove: ABCD is a rhombus

Proof: AQ=AM
DQ=DP

BN=MB

NC=PC

Adding the above we get

AD+BC=AB+CD

AD=BC and AB=CD

AD=AB=BC=CD It is a rhombus
Chapter 11
Constructions
Q1 Draw a triangle ABC with sides BC = 6.3cm, AB = 5.2cm and <ABC = 60° .
Then construct a triangle whose sides are times the corresponding sides
of ∆ ABC.

Solution

Steps of construction

1. Draw a line segment BC = 6.3cm

2. At B make < CBX = 60°
3. With B as centre and radius equal to 5.2 cm, draw an arc intersecting BX
at A
4. Join AC, Then ABC is the required triangle
5. Draw any ray by making an acute angle with BC on the opposite side to
the vertex A
6. Locate the points B1, B2, B3, B4 on BY so thatB1B2= B2B3= B3B4,
7. Join B3 to C and draw al line through B4 parallel to B3 C intersecting
the extended line segment BC at C’.
8. Draw a line through C’ parallel to CA intersecting the extended line
segment BA at A’ Thus A’BC’ is the required triangle.

Q2 Let ABC be a right triangle in which AB = 6cm, BC = 8cm and ÐB = 90°

BD is the perpendicular from B on AC. The circle through B,C and D is
drawn construct the tangents from A to this circle.
 Solution:

Steps of construction

1. Draw DABC
ABC with BC = 8cm, AB = 6cm and <B = 90°
2. Draw perpendicular BD from B to AC
3. Let O be the mid point of BC. Draw a circle with centre O and radius OB
= OC. This circle will pass through the point D
4. Join AO and bisect AO
5. Draw a circle with centre O' and O' Aas radiuss cuts the previous circle at
B and P
6. Join AP, AP and AB are required tangents drawn from A to the circle
passing through B,C and D.

Q3 Draw a circle of radius 4 cm . Take a point P outside the circle. Without

using the centre of the circle, draw two tangents to the circle from point P.

Solution

Steps of Construction:

i) Draw a line segment of 4 cm.

ii) Take a point P outside the circle and draw a secant PAB,
intersecting th
the circle at A and B.
iii) Produce AP to C such that AP=CP
iv) Draw a semi
semi-circle with CB as diameter.
v) Draw PD perpendicular to CB, intersecting the semi
semi-circle at D.
 vi) With P as centre and PD as radius draw arcs to intersect the given
circle at and T’.
vii) Join PT and PTPT’.’. Then, PT and PT’ are the required tangents.

Q4 Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 6cm, and the attitude

through A is 4.5cm. Measure the length of median through A. Write the
steps of construction.

Solution

Steps of Construction:

i) BC = 6cm is drawn and is

made downwards with BC of any length.
ii) is drawn
iii) Perpendicular bisector RQ of BC is drawn
which cut BC at M. and intersect BE at O.
iv) Taking O as centre and OB as radius, a
circle is drawn.
v) ML = 4.5cm is cut from RQ.
vi) A line XY, parallel to BC is drawn through L
to intersect the circle at A and A'.
AB, AC, A’B and A’C are joined.
ABC and A’BC are the required triangle
Median AM = A'M = 5.5cm (app.)
Q5 Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 5cm, and median AD
through A is of length 3.5cm. Also, determine the length of the altitude
drawn from A on the side BC (Write the steps of construction also).

Solution

Steps of Construction:

i) BC = 5cm is drawn and is constructed downwards.

ii) BX is drawn perpendicular to BY.
iii) Q is drawn perpendicular bisector if BC intersecting BX at O and cutting
BC at E.
iv) Taking O as a centre and OB as radius, a circle is drawn.
v) Taking E as centre and radius equal to 3.5cm, arc is drawn to cut the circle
at A.
vi) AC and AB are joined
vii) AD is drawn perpendicular to BC from A to cut BC at D.
viii) By measuring we find that AD = 3cm.

Q6 Draw a ∆ ABC similar to an equilateral ∆PQR with side 5cm such that
each of its sides is 6/7th of the corresponding side of ∆PQR . Also draw the
circumcircle of ∆ ABC.

Solution:

Steps Of Construction:

i) A ray QX is drawn making any angle with QR and opposite to P.

ii) Starting from Q, seven equal line segments QQ1, Q1R2, Q2Q3, Q3Q4, Q4Q5,
Q5Q6, Q6Q7 are cut of from QX.
iii) RQ7 is joined and a line CQ6 is drawn parallel to RQ4 to intersect QR at C.
iv) Line CA is drawn parallel to PR.
ABC is the required triangle.
Q7 Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 6cm, and median AD =
5cm. Also construct another triangle BPQ similar to triangle BCA such that
the side BP = 3/2BC.

Solution

Steps of Construction:

i) A line segment BC of length 6cm is drawn.

ii) At B, is drawn on downwards.
iii) At B, is drawn
iv) Perpendicular bisector of BC is drawn which
intersect BY at O and BC at D.
v) Taking O as a center and OB as a radius a circle
passing through B and C is drawn.
vi) Taking D as a centre and radius 5cm an arc is
drawn to intersect the circle at A.
vii) AB and AC are joined. The required triangle is
ABC.
viii) Taking C as centre and CD as radius an arc is
drawn to intersect BC produced at P such that BP = 3/2BC.
ix) Through P, PQ is drawn parallel to CA meeting BA produced at Q.
x) BPQ is the required triangle similar to triangle BCA.

Q7 Construct a quadrilateral ABCD in which AB = 2.5cm, BC = 3.5cm, AC =

4.2cm, CD = 3.5cm and AD = 2.5cm. Construct another quadrilateral AB’C’D’
with diagonal AC’ = 6.3cm such that it is similar to quadrilateral ABCD.

Solution:

Steps of Construction:

i) A line segment Ac = 4.2cm is drawn.

ii) With A as a centre and radius 2.5cm, two arcs, one above AC and one
below AC are drawn.
iii) With C as centre and radius 3.5cm, two arcs arc drawn intersecting
previous arcs at B and D.
iv) AB, AD, BC and CD are joined ABCD is the required quadrilateral.
v) Taking A as a centre and radius 6.3cm an arc is drawn to intersect AC
produced at C’.
vi) Through C’, C’B’ and C’D’ are drawn parallel to CB and CD respectively.
Chapter 12
Areas Related To Circles
2 Marks Questions

Q.1. A race track is in the form of a ring whose circumference is 352m, and the
outer circumference is 396m. Find the width of the track?

r
R

Sol. Let the outer and inner radii of the ring be R and r metres respectively.

Then

2R = 396 and 2r = 352

 2 x 22/7 x R = 396
and
 2 x 22/7 x r = 352
 R= 396 x 7/22 x 1/2
and
 r= 352 x t/22 x 1/2
 R = 63m and r = 56 m
Hence , width of the track
= (R – r ) metres,

=(63 – 56 ) metres = 7 metres

Q.2. A wheel has diameter 84cm. Find how many complete revolution must it
take to cover 792 meters.

Sol. Let r be the radius of the wheel.

Then , Diameter = 84 cm

 2r = 84
 r = 42cm
 Circumference of the wheel = 2r cm

= 2 x 22/7 x 42 cm

= 264 cm

= 2.64m

So, the wheel comes 2.64 metres in one complete revolutions.

 Total number of revolutions in covering 792 metres = 792/2.64 = 300

Hence , the wheel takes 300 revolution in covering 792 metres.

Q.3. A chord AB of a circle of radius 15cm makes and angle of 600 at the center
of the circle . Find the area of the minor segment.

(take =3.14) 3=1.73)

Sol. We know that area of a minor segment of angle  in a circle of radius r is

given by:
 / /
A={ − } r2

.
A={ , −𝑠𝑖𝑛30 𝐶𝑜𝑠 30} (15)2

. 
A = { − } x 225 cm2
O
 A = (0 . 5233 – 0.4330) 225 cm2 15cm

= 225 x 0.902 cm2

= 20.295 cm2

A B

3 marks Questions

Q4. In the given figure, ABC is a quadrant of a circle of radius 14 cm and a

semicircle is drawn with BC as diameter. Find the area of the shaded
region. (Answer = 98 cm2)

Solution: BC2=AB2+AC2

=142+142

BC= 14 2 cm.

Area of shaded portion = (Area of semi circle BC as diameter ) – [Area of

quadrant with AB as radius – Area of triangle ABC]

=[ { 𝑥 7 2 −[ 𝑥14 − 𝑥14𝑥14 ]

= 154-154+98

=98 cm2

Q5. The area of an equilateral triangle is 17320.5 cm2. Taking each angular
point as center a circle is described with radius equal to half the length of
the side of triangle as shown in figure. Find the area of triangle not
included in circle.
 ( 3  1.73205 )

Solution: Area =17320.5cm2

3 /4 a2 =17320.5

a2/4= 17320.5/ 3

A=3{60/360x3.14x(a2/2)} cm2

A=15700cm2

Required Area =Area of triangle-Area of 3 sectors each of angle 600=

1620.1cm2

Q6. Find the area of the shaded region in the figure given here, if BC = BD = 8
cm, AC = AD = 15 cm, and O is the centre of the circle.

Solution: AB= ( AC 2  BC 2 )

Radius= 17/2 cm.

Area of Shaded Region = 𝜋r2 – 2 Area of triangle

= 3.14 x17/2x17/2- 2x1/2x8x15

= 106.87 cm2

Q7. Find the area of the region shown

shaded in the given figure.

1 2
Solution: Area of 1 semicircle = 𝜋r
2

1 22 2
= x x2
2 7

= 44/7 cm2

Area of 4 semi circles= 4x44/7 =176/7 cm2

Area of Small Square =4x4 =16 cm2

 Area of Shaded Region = 14x14 –[16+176/7]

= 196-[288/7]

=196-41.1

= 154.9 cm2

Q8. In the given figure, find the area of the shaded design, where ABCD is a
square of side 1- cm and semi-circle are drawn with each side of the square
as diameter (use   3 .14 )

Solution A I B

Let us mark the four unshaded regions as I

I,II,III, and IV II

IV II

III
D C

Area of I + Area of III = Area of ABCD – Area of two semicircles of each of

radius 5 cm.

1
= (10x10-2x x𝜋x52) cm2 = (100 – 3.14x25) cm2
2

=(100 – 78.5) cm2 = 21.5 cm2

Similarly, Area of II + Area of IV = 21.5 cm2

So, Area of shaded design = Area of ABCD – Area of (I+II+III+IV)
= (100-2x21.5) cm2 =(100-43) cm2 = 57 cm2.
Chapter 13
Surface Areas and Volumes
Q1. A vessel is in the form of hollow hemisphere mounted by a hollow cylinder.
The diameter of hemisphere is 14 cm and total height of vessel is 13 cm. Find the
inner surface area of vessel.

Solution

Here the radius of hemisphere = radius of cylinder = r cm =7 cm

and height of cylinder, h= 13-7=6 cm

Now, inner S.A of vessel = curved surface area of cylindrical part + curved surface
area of cylindrical part

= (2𝜋𝑟ℎ + 2𝜋𝑟2) = 2𝜋𝑟(ℎ + 𝑟)

=2x x 7 x (6 +7)

=2x22x13 =572cm2

Q2. The largest possible sphere is curved out of a wooden solid cube of side 7 cm.

Find the volume of wood left.

Solution

Diameter of sphere carved out = side of cube = 7 cm

R= 3.5 cm

Volume of cube = a3=73 =343 cm3

Volume of sphere carved out = 4/3𝜋𝑟3

=179.66 cm3

Volume of wood left = 343 - 179.66

=163.34 cm3

Q3. A copper rod of diameter 1 cm and length 8 cm is drawn into a wire of

length 18 m of uniform thickness. Find the thickness of wire.

Solution

The volume of the rod = 𝜋 (1/2)28 cm3= 2 𝜋 cm3

The length of new wire of the same volume= 18 m=1800 cm

If r is the radius of cross-section of wire its volume= 𝜋r2 1800

𝜋r2 1800=2𝜋
r=1/30

The thickness of wire of cross section is 1/15 cm.

=0.67 mm

Q4. A right triangle, whose side are 15cm and 20cm (other than hypotenuse) is
made to revolve about it hypotenuse. Find the volume and surface area of the
double cone so formed. (Choose value of pie as found appropriate).

Solution.

Let ABC be the right angled triangle right angled at A such that AB=15cm and
AC=20 cm.

Using Pythagoras theorem, we have

BC2=AB2+AC2

BC2 =152+202

BC2 =225 + 400 = 625

BC=25cm

Let OB=x and OA=y

Applying Pythagoras theorem in triangles OAB and OAC, we have

AB2=OB2 +OA2 and AC2=OA2 +OC2

152 =x2+y2 and 202=y2+ (25-x2)

x2+y2= 225 and (25-x) 2 +y2= 400

{(25-x) 2+y2} – { x2+y2} = 400 – 225

(25-x) 2 -x2= 175

(25-x-x) (25-x+x)= 175

(25-2x) X 25= 175

25-2x=7; 2x=18; X=9

Putting x=9 in x2+y2=225, we get

81+y2=225

y2=144; y=12

Thus, we have OA=12cm and OB=9cm

Volume of double cone = vol. of cone CAA’+ vol. of cone BAA’

= 𝜋(OA2) × OC + 𝜋(OA2) × OB
= 𝜋 ×122 × 16+ 𝜋 × 122 × 9

= 𝜋 × 144 (16+9) = × 3.14 × 144 × 25cm3

=3768 cm3

Surface area of double cone = curved surface area of cone CAA’ +curved surface
area of cone

BAA’

= 𝜋 × OA × AC + 𝜋× OA × AC

= 𝜋× 12 × 20 + 𝜋 × 12 × 25

=420 𝜋 cm3 =420 × 3.14 = 1318.8 cm2

Q5. A cistern, internally measuring 150cm x 120cm x 110cm, has 129600cm3 of

water in it. Porous bricks are placed in the water until the cistern is full to the
brim. Each brick absorbs one-seventeenth of its own volume of water. How many
bricks can be put in without overflowing the water, each brick being 22.5cm x
7.5cm x 6.5cm?

Solution

We have

Volume of cistern =150 x 120 x 110 = 1980000cm3

Volume of water in cistern = 129600cm3

Volume of one brick = 22.5 x 7.5 x 6.5 = 1096.875cm3

Volume of water absorb by one brick = x 1096.875 cm3

Let n be the total no, of brick which can be put in the cistern without water
overflowing then,

Volume of water absorbed by n bricks = n x x 1096.875 cm3

Volume of water left in cistern = (129600- x 1096.875) cm3

Since the cistern is filled up to the brim

Therefore volume of water left in cistern + volume of brick = volume of cistern

= 129600- x 1096.875 + n x 1096.875 = 1980000

n x 1096.875- x 1096.875 = 1980000 – 129600

1096.875 x (n - ) = 1850400
1096.875 x = 1850400

17550 x = 1850400

n= = 1792.41 is congruent =1792

Q6. The height of a right circular cone is trisected by two planes drawn parallel
to the base. Show that the volumes of the three portions from the top are in ratio
1:7:19.

Sol. Let VAB a right circular cone of height 3h and base radius r.

This cone is cut by planes parallel to its base at points O- and L, such that VL =
LO-=h
Since triangles VOA and VO-A- are similar V
′
= ′ ′
=

D
r1 =

Also, ∆𝑉𝑂𝐴 ~∆𝑉𝐿𝐶

B’
= 𝑟 O’

= A B
B
B
A r
r2 =
A
Let v1 be the volume of cone VCD A’

Then, v1 = 𝜋r22h = 𝜋 2h = 𝜋r2h

Let v2 be the volume of frustum A’B’DC. Then,

V2 = 𝜋(r21+ r22+ r1r2)h

V2 = 𝜋( + + )h

V2= 𝜋𝑟2h

Let V3 be the volume of frustum ABB’A’. Then

V3 = 𝜋(r2+ r21+ r1r)h

V3 = 𝜋(r2+ + )h

V3= 𝑟2h
 Required ratio = V1:V2:V3= 𝜋r2h: 𝜋𝑟2h: 𝑟2h=1:7:19.

Q7. The radius of the base of a right circular cone is r. It is cut by a plane
parallel to the base at the height h from the base. The distance of the boundary of

the upper surface from the centre of the frustum is ℎ2 + . Show that the

volume of the frustum is 𝜋𝑟2h.

Solution

We have,
O’
OA= r, OO’ =h and OB’= ℎ2 + .
A’ B’
In ∆𝑂𝑂 ′ 𝐵′ , 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒
OB’2 =OO’2+ O’B’2
h2+ =h2 +O’B’2 h

O’B’=
r
A
Therefore Volume of frustum = {r2+( )2+r x }h B
O
Volume of frustum = {r2+( )+ }h= 𝜋𝑟2h.

Q8. Water in a canal, 6m wide and 1.5m deep , is flowing with a speed of
10km/h. How much Area will it irrigate in 30 min if 8 cm of standing water is
needed?

Solution:

We have, width of the canal =6m

Depth of the canal =1.5m

Now, length of water column per hour =10km

Therefore length of water column in half hour = 5km= 5000m

Therefore volume of water flow in 30min= 1.5x6x5000 = 45000m3

Here, standing water needed in 8cm = 0.08m

Therefore area irrigated in 30 min = = .

=562500 m2 (1 hectare= 10000 m2) =56.25 hectare

Chapter 14
Statistics
2 Marks Questions

Q1. Marks obtained by 70 students are given below:

Marks 20 70 50 60 75 90 40

No. of
8 12 18 6 9 5 12
Students

Find the median.

Solution

Marks No . of c.f
students

20 8 8

40 12 20

50 18 38

60 6 44

70 12 53

75 9 58

90 5 70

N = 70

N 70
  35
2 2

The corresponding value of marks for 35 is 50

Q2. Is the following statement correct: “median= mode+ (mean – mode)?”

Justify your answer.

Solution

Yes; as we know
Mode= 3 median – 2 mean
 3 Median = mode + 2 mean
 Median = mode + mean
 = mode- mode + mean
= mode + ( mean – mode)

Q3. The mean of ‘n’ observation is x , if the first term is increased by 1, second
by 2 and so on. What will be the new mean.

Solution

Let the n observations be x1,x2 ,x3 … ….xn.

New observations are x1+1,x2+2 ,x3+3 … ….xn+n.

( ) ( ) ( ) ⋯…. ( ).
New mean =

n(n  1)
2 (n  1)
The Mean of the new numbers is X + X .
n 2

3 Marks Questions

Q4. The mode of a distribution is 55 & the modal class is 45-60 and the
frequency preceding the modal class is 5 and the frequency after the modal
class is 10.Find the frequency of the modal class.

Solution

Mode = 55

Modal class = 45 – 60

Modal class preceding f1 = 5

After the modal class = f2 = 10

f  f1
Mode = L + xh
2 f  f1  f 2

f 5
55 = 45 + x 15
2 f  5  10

f 5
10 = ( ) x 15
2 f  15

10 f 5

15 2 f  15
 20 f - 150 = 15 f – 75 Or 5 f = 75

75
f= = 15
5

Q5. The sum of deviations of a set of values x1, x2, x3,…………xn, measured
from 50 is -10 and the sum of deviations of the values from 46 is 70.
Find the value of n and the mean.

Solution
We have

n n

 ( X i  50) = -10 and

i 1
(X
i 1
i  46) = 70
n

X
i 1
i - 50n = -10 ………… (1)

n
and X
i 1
i - 46 m = 70 …………..(2)

subtracting (2) from (1) , we get

- 4 n = - 80 we get n = 20
n

X
i 1
i - 50 x 20 = -10

X
i 1
i = 990

1 n 990
Mean = (  Xi ) = = 49.5
n i 1 20
hence n = 20 and mean = 49.5

n
Q6. Prove that (Xi 1
i  X)=0

Solution
n
To prove (X i 1
i  X ) = 0 algebraic sum of deviation from mean is

zero
1 n
We have, X = ( X i )
n i 1
n
nX = X
i 1
i

n
Now, (X i 1
i  X ) = (X1 - X ) + (X2 - X ) + ……… + ( Xn - X )
n

(X
i 1
i  X ) = (X1 + X2 + ……… + XN) - N X
 n n

 (Xi  X ) =
i 1
X
i 1
i - nX

(X
i 1
i  X) =nX -n X
n

(X
i 1
i  X)=0
n
Hence, (X
i 1
i  X)=0

Q7. Compute the median from the following data

Mid value 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195

Frequency 6 25 48 72 116 60 38 22 3

Solution

Here , we are given the mid values. So, we should first find the upper
and lower limits of the various classes. The difference between two
consecutive values is h = 125 – 115 = 10
 Lower limit of a class = Midvalue - h /2

Upper limit = Midvalue + h / 2

Calculate of Median

Mid – value Class FrequencyCumulative

Groups frequency

115 110-120 6 6

125 120-130 25 31

135 130-140 48 79

145 140-150 72 151

155 150-160 116 267

165 160-170 60 327

175 170-180 38 365

185 180-190 22 387

195 190-200 3 390

N =  fi = 390
 We have,

N = 390  N / 2 = 390 / 2 = 195

The cumulative frequency first greater than N i.e. 195 is 267 and the
corresponding class is 150 – 160, so, 150 – 160 is the median class.

L = 150, f = 116, h = 10, f = 151

n
f
Now, Median = L + 2 xh
f

195  151
Median = 150 + x 10 = 153.8
116

Q8. The mean of the following frequency distribution is 50. But the frequencies
f1 and f2 in class 20-40 and 60-80 are missing. Find the missing
frequencies.

Class 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 Total

interval
Frequency 17 f1 32 f2 19 120

Solution

Class Frequency (fi) Class mark (xi) fixi

interval
0-20 17 10 170
20-40 f1 30 30f1
40-60 32 50 1600
60-80 f2 70 70 f2
80-100 19 90 1710
∑fi = 68+ f1 + f2 ∑fixi = 3480+30f1+70 f2

Now its given that total frequency is 120.

 ∑fi = 120
 68+ f1 + f2 = 120
 f1 + f2 = 120- 68
 f1 + f2= 52 -------------------- (i)

Also mean of the data is 50 ( given)

∑
Mean = ∑

 50 =
 50 x 120 = 3480+30f1+70 f2
 6000 – 3480= 30f1+70 f2
 2520= 30f1+70 f2
 30f1+70 f2 = 2520
 10( 3 f1 + 7 f2) = 2520
 3 f1 + 7 f2 = = 252 ---------------------- (ii)
Solving equation (i) and (ii), by elimination method,
Multiplying equation (i) by 3, we get
3f1 + 3f2= 156

Eqn (ii) is 3 f1 + 7 f2= 252

Now by subtracting these two equations, we get,
-4 f2= -96
=> f2 = 24
Substitute the value of f2 in either of the equations (i) or (ii), we get,
f1 = 28
Chapter 15
Probability
2 Marks Questions

Q1. Two customers Shyam and Ekta are visiting a particular shop in the same
week (Tuesday to Saturday). Each is equally likely to visit the shop on any day as
on another day. What is the probability that both will visit the shop on (i) the same
day? (ii) Consecutive days?

Solution:

The total number of days is 5 and hence both of them can reach the shop in 5
ways.
Hence, total number of outcomes = 5 x 5 = 25
They can reach on the same day in 5 ways, i.e. (Tue, Tue), (Wed ,Wed),
(Thur,Thur),
(Fri ,Fri) and (Sat ,Sat)
(i)P(Reaching on same day)

(ii) They can reach on consecutive days in following 8 ways: (tue ,wed), (wed, tue),
(wed ,thur), (thur wed), (thurfri), (frithu), (fri,sat), (sat ,fri)
P(Reaching on consecutive days)

Q2. A die is numbered in such a way that its faces show the numbers 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 6.
It is thrown two times and the total score in two throws is noted. Complete the
following table which gives a few values of the total score on the two throws:

What is the probability that total score is (i) even? (ii) 6?

Solution:
Following table shows the sample space:

+ 1 2 2 3 3 6

1 2 3 3 4 4 7

2 3 4 4 5 5 8

2 3 4 4 5 5 8

3 4 5 5 6 6 9

3 4 5 5 6 6 9

6 7 8 8 9 9 12

Total number of outcomes = 36

(i)Number of even score = 18
Hence, P (even score)

(ii)Number of times 6 comes = 4

Hence, P (score of 6)

Q3. A game consists of tossing a one rupee coin 3 times and noting its outcome
each time. Hanif wins if all the tosses give the same result i.e., three heads or three
tails, and loses otherwise. Calculate the probability that Hanif will lose the game.

Solution:
Possible outcomes of 3 tosses of coin
1st = HHH
2nd = HHT or HTH or THH
3rd = TTH or THT or HTT
4th = TTT
Total number of events = 8

Number of favorable events = 6 (refer to 2nd and 3rd case)

 3 Marks Questions

Q4. Find the probability of having 53 Sundays in

(i) a leap year (ii) a non leap year

Solution:
An ordinary year has 365 days i.e. 52 weeks and 1 day
This day can be any one of the 7 days of the week.
1
 P(that this day is Sunday) = 7
1
Hence, P(an ordinary year has 53 Sunday) = 7

A leap year 366 days i.e. 52 weeks and 2 days

This day can be any one of the 7 days of the week
2
 P (that this day is Sunday) = 7
2
Hence, P(a leap year has 53 Sunday) =
7

Q5. A bag contains 5 red balls and some blue balls. If the probability of drawing a
blue ball is double that of a red ball , determine the number of blue balls in the
bag.

Solution:
Let the number of blue balls is the bag be x
Then total number of balls is the bag = 5 + x
 Number of all possible outcomes = 5 + x
Number of outcomes favourable to the event of drawing a blue ball = x
( there are x blue balls)
x
 Probability of drawing a blue ball = 5  x
5
Similarly, probability of drawing a red ball = 5  x
According to the answer
x 5
5 x = 2 ( 5 x )

x = 10

Q6. A number x is selected from the numbers 1,2,3 and then a second number y is
randomly selected from the numbers 1,4,9. What is the probability that the
product xy of the two numbers will be less than 9?

Solution:
Number x can be selected in three ways and corresponding to each such
way there are three ways of selecting number y. Therefore, two numbers can be
selected in 9 ways as listed below: (1,1), (1,4), (2,1), (2,4), (3,1)

Favorable number of elementary events = 5

Hence, required probability = 5/9

Q7. Suppose you drop a die at random on the rectangular region shown below.
What is the probability that it will land inside the circle with diameter 1m?

Solution:
Area of rectangle = 6 sq m

Area of circle

Area of rectangle gives the total number of events and area of circle gives the
number of favourable events.

Q8. A die is thrown twice. What is the probability that

(i) 5 will not come up either time? (ii) 5 will come up at least once?

Solution:
Possible outcomes of 2 throws of a die can be shown by following table:
1, 1 1, 2 1, 3 1, 4 1, 5 1, 6

2, 1 2, 2 2, 3 2, 4 2, 5 2, 6

3, 1 3, 2 3, 3 3, 4 3, 5 3, 6

4, 1 4, 2 4, 3 4, 4 4, 5 4, 6

5, 1 5, 2 5, 3 5, 4 5, 5 5, 6

6, 1 6, 2 6, 3 6, 4 6, 5 6, 6

Total number of events = 36

Number of times when 5 does not come up either of times = 25

(ii) 5 will come up at least once?

Number of times 5 comes at least once = 11