Comprehension

Passage 1 have beem

and widespread suffering and nisery
silence.
tf religion and community are associated with accompanied by unusual peace
and
occurred without
elobal violence in the minds of many people, then indeed, many farmines
have
so are global poverty and inequality. There has, in rebellion or avil strife
there being much political
famine
fact, been an increasing tendency in recent years to or intergroupwarfare. For example, the
iustify policies of poverty removal on the ground Ireland were among the
years in the 1840s in
that this is the surest way to prevent political strife little atempt by the
most peaceful, and there was
and turmoil. Basing public policy-international e v e n as shupp after shu
hungry masses to intervene food
as well as domestic-on such an understanding sailed down the river Shannon with idh
has some evident attractions. Given the public memories
Looking elsewhere, my own childhood
anxiety about wards and disorders in the rich the Bengal famine of 1943
in Calcutta during
countries in the world, the indirect justification of indude the sight of starving people dyingmont
poverty removal-not for its own sake but for the of sweetshops with various layers of lusaous tood
sake of peace and quiet in the world -provides an
displayed behind the glass windows, without a
argument that appeals to self-interest for helping broken, or law or order being
single glass being
the needy. lt presents an argument for allocating
disrupted.
more resources on poverty removal because of its 1. For each word given below choose the correct
presumed political, rather than moral relevance. meaning (as used in the passage) from the opions
While the temptation to go in that direction is
provided:
easy to understand, it is a perilous rOute to take
) perilous
even for a worthy cause.
Part of the difficulty lies in the possibility that if
(a) Scared b)Costly
wrong, economic reductionism would not only
(c) Futile (d)Dangerous
1) destitution
impair our understanding of the world, but would
also tend to undermine the declared rationale of (a) Dejection b) Indigence
the public commitment to remove poverty. This (c) Default (d) Dereliction
is a particularly serious concern, since poverty (ii) frail
and massive inequality are terrible enough in (a) weak and delicate (b) rugged
themselves, and deserve priority even if there (c) stout (d) energetic
were no connection whatsoever with violence.
2. Select the statement that can be most plausibly
Just as virtue is its own reward, poverty is at inferred from the aforesaid passage
least its own penalty. This is not to deny that
(a) A society plagued by recurrent famines can
and can-and do-have far
inequality
poverty never witness political revolution.
with conflict and strife,
reaching consequences (b) Religious discrimination inevitably leads to
but these connections have to be examined and violence and strife.
and empirical
investigated with appropriate care
(c) Destitution of the masses leads to peace and
Scrutiny,rather than casually invoked with
being social stability.
unreasoned rapidity in support of a 'good cause
(d) Famines and starvation do not necessarily
Destitution can, of course, produce provocationneed
result in political rebellion.
Tor defying established laws and rules. But it
and actual 3. The author believes that it may not be advisable
courage,
not give people the initiative, violent. Destitution to
emphasize on the connection between poverty
ability to do anything very
economic and violence as
can be accompanied not only by (a) Emphasis on such connection appeals only to
A
debility, but also by political helplessness.
too dejected self-interest of persons
Starving wretch can be too frail and and holler. (6) Linking poverty and violence undermines the
hght and battle, and even to protest
t 1s thus not surprising that often enough intense moral character of anti-poverty measures
74 ICSE CHAPTERWISE MCOs (Englsh )-N
(The absenee ot any essential connection
etween POverty and violenve may then
weuken the very ationale of anti
povey
policies
() There is no necessary link between
and inequality poverty
4. Which of the
following best captures the central
argument of this passage?
a) Religion is inextricably linked with violence
) Famines may not necessarily result in eivil
unest
( Global poverty and inequality are one of the
fundamental causes of global violence and
strite
() Basing anti-poverty progranmmes on the need
for avoidance of violence and strite is dotted
with many pitfalls
5. The author refers to his own experience as a child
during the Bengal famine of 1943 in order to-
(a) Ilustrate how religiosity may instill passive
acceptance of even the worst fornms of
starvation among people.
(6) Repudiate the argument that religious
discrimination usually tends to inspire violent
protests.
(c) Substantiate his assertion that it is not unusual
to have the most intense suffering and misery
coexist with complete peace.
(d) Demonstrate that people confronted with
acute starvation are rendered too helpless to
protest ever at all.
6. Which of the following statement is least likely to
be inferred from the passage:
(a) History is replete with instance of famines
that have occurred without there being much
violent protest.
(b) Many writers and critics are increasingly
advocating for stronger policies on poverty
removal on the ground that this would help
prevent political turmoil.
(c) The author believes that the links between
poverty and violence must never be
emphasized at all.
(d) Economic debility in turn inhibits political
freedom.
7. The author asserts that basing anti-poverty
measures on the avowed connections between
poverty and violence has certain apparent benefits
because:
(a) Poverty is similar to religious exploitation in
terms of the
potential violent consequences.
(b) It leads to allocation of more resources on
anti-poverty policies.
(c) The widespread concern about war and
violence provides a rationale for poverty-
removal that appeals to the 'self-interest' of
persons
(d) therwise, there WOuld not have bee
tendeney to justity anti poverty poliees
the ground that they prevent political tut
mal
8. What has the author said about poverty remous
Oval
Which of the following combination of senten
mes
best summarizes the answer?
(a) Religion and community are assoclated w
global violence, P'overty and inequality a
associated with religious strile. The publie
anxious about the disorders and wards of the
rich
(b) More resources are allocated for poverty
removal. This has greater political relevanoe
than moral. It is a perilous route to take for a
Worthy cause
() Global poverty and inequality areinthemind
of most people. P'overty removal is seen asa
way to eliminate turmoil and strife. There is
an indirect justitication of poverty removal
not for its own sake but for maintaining peace
and order
Passage 2
Govermments looking for easy popularity have
frequently been tempted into announcing give
aways of all sorts; free electricity, virtually free
Water, subsidised food, cloth at half price, and
s0 on. The subsidy culture has gone to
extremes
The richest farmers in the country get subsidised
fertiliser. University education, typically accessed
by the wealtier sections, is charged at a fraction
of cost. Postal services are subsidised, and so are
railway services, Bus fares cannot be raised to
economical levels because there will be violent
protests, so bus travel is subsicdised too. In the
past, price control on a variety of items, from
steel to cement, meant that industrial consumers
of these items got them at less than actual cost
while the losses of the publie sector companies
that produced them were borne by the taxpayer!
A study, done a tew years ago, came to
the
conclusion that subsicdies in the Indian economy
total as much as 14.5 per cent of gross domestie
product. At today's level, that would work out to
about Rs. 1,50,000 crore.
And who pays the bill? The
theory- and the
political fiction on the basis of which it is sold
to unsuspecting voters-is that
subsidies go to
the poor, and are paid for
by the rich. The fact
is that most subsidies go to the
'rich (defined
in the Indian context as those who are
above the
poverty line), and much of the tab goes indirectly
to the poor. Because the hefty subsidy bill resuls
in fiscal deficits, which in turn
push up rates o
intlation which, as everyone knows, hits the
poor the hardest of all. Indeed, that is why taxmen
call intlation the most regressive form of
taxatio
The entire subsidy system is built on the
thes
 Comprehension 75

hat eople cannot

help themselves, therefore to know who, take a look at the country's poor
rments
gOverna
must do so. That
people cannot economic performance over the years.
ford to pay tor a variety ot
goods
and the correct
theretoreas been the government must services, 1. For each word given below choose
step in. (as used in the passage)
from the options
This thesis
T applied not just in the
poor
meaning
but in the rich ones as provided:
countrie

well; hence the

birth of the welfare state in the West, and an almost i) regressive
Utopian social security system; free medical care, (a) liberal (b) rigid
ood aid, old age security, et al.
But with the (c) radical (d) additive
sssage of time, most of the wealthy nations have (ii)
discov
that their economies pursuit (b) surrender
cannot sustain
kis sOcial satety net, which infact reduces (a) quest
the (d) avocation
Hpsire among people to pay their own way, and (c) retreat
skes away some or the incentive to work. In short, (iii) mounting
the bill was unaftordable, and their societies were (a) sinking
not willing to pay. To the (b) declining
regret of many,
but because
of the laws of
economics are harsh, ()support for something
estern cieties have been
most
the welfare bill. busy pruning (d) plunging
2. Which of the following should not be subsidised
In India, the lessons of this experience -

over now, according to the passage?

several decades, ana in many countries do
(a) University education
not seem to
have been learnt.
Or, they are
ionored in the pursuit of immediate votes. simply
(b) Postal services
People (c) Steel
who are promised cheap food or clothing do not
in most cases look beyond the gift horses to (d) All of the above
3. The statement that subsidies are paid for by the
thequestion of who picks up the tab. The
uproar
Qver higher petrol, diesel and cooking gas prices rich and go to the poor is :
ignored this basic question: if the user of cooking (a) fiction.
gas does not want tO pay for its cost, who should (b) fact.
pay?Diesel in the country is subsidised, and if the c) fact, according to the author.
trucker or Owner of a diesel generator does not (d) fiction, according to the author.
want to pay for its full cost, who does he or she 4. Why do you think that the author calls the Western
think should pay the balance of the cost? It is a social security system Utopian?
simplequestion, nevertheless it remains unasked. (a) The countries' belief in the efficacy of the
The Deve Gowda government displayed some
system was bound to turn out to be false.
courage in biting the bulet when it comes to the
(b) The system followed by these countries is the
price of petroleum products. But it was bitten by a best available in the present context.
much bigger subsidy bug. It wanted to offer food
(c) Every thing under this system was supposed
at halfitscost to everyone below the poverty line,
to be free but people were charging money for
supposedly estimated at some 380 million people
them.
What will be the cost? And, of course, who will (d) The theory of system followed by these
pickupthe tab? The Andhra Pradesh Government countries was devised by Dr Utopia.
was bankrupted by selling rice at Rs. 2 per kg.
Should the Central Government be bankrupted 5. It can be inferred from the passage that the
author:
too, before facing up to the question of what is
(a) believes that people can help themselves and
affordable and what is not? Already, India is
do not need the government.
perenially short of power because the subsidy on
has bankrupted most electricity boards,
electricity (b) believes that the theory of helping with
and made private investment wary unless it gets subsidy is destructive.
all manner of state guarantees. (c) believes in democracy and free speech.
the
Delhi's subsidised bus fares have bankruptedhave (d) is not a successful politician.
whose buses
Delhi Transport Corporation, streets.
6. Which of the following is not a victim of extreme
Slowly disappeared from the capital's subsidies?
t 1s easy to be soft and sentimental, byAfter
looking (a) The p0or
all,
tprogrammes that will be popular. (b) The Delhi Tranport Corporation
lunch? But the evidence
who doesn't like a free
(c) The Andhra Pradesh Government
isn't free at all.
s Surely mounting that the lunch if (d) Private sector
Somebody is paying the bill. And you want
76|ICSE CHAPTERWISE Mcos (English-1)-%
7. What, according to the author, is a saving grace of
the Deve Gowda government?
(a) It has realised that it has to raise the price of
petroleum products.
(b) Tthas avoided been bitten by abiggersubsidy
bug
() Both (a) and (b),
(d) Neither (a) and (b).
8. What has the author said about the means the
government takes to gain popularity?Which
of the following combination of sentences best
Summarizes the answer?
(a) The theory is that subsidies go to the poor
and are paid for by the rich. Most subsidies
go the rich, who are classified as those above
the poverty line. The hefty subsidy bill results
in fiscal deficits. This causes inflation.
b) Governments to gain easy popularity,
announce all sorts of giveaways. Some of them
include free electricity, free water, subsidized
food, cloth at half price etc. Even the richest
tarmers are given subsidized fertilizers in
the country. University education is made
accessible at a fraction of the cost
(c)This theory has been applied not only to
rich countries but to poor ones as well. This
resulted in the birth of the welfare state which
is a utopian social security system. This
provides free medical care, food aid and old
age security.
Passage 3
We've all heard the adage: practice makes perfect
In other words, acquiring skills takes time and
effort. Buthow exactly does one go about learninga
complex subject such as tennis, calculus, or how to
play the violin? An age-old answer is: practice one
skill at a time. A beginning pianist might rehearse
scales before chords. A tennis player practices
the forehand before the backhand. Learning
researchers call this "blocking," and because it is
commonsensical and easy to schedule, blocking is
dominant in schools and training programs.
However, another strategy promises improved
results. Enter "interleaving" a largely unheard-
of technique that is capturing the attention of
and neuroscientists.
cognitive psychologists
Whereas blocking involves practicing one skill
at a time before the next (for example, "skill A"
before "skill B" and so on, forming the pattern
"AAABBBCCC"), in interleaving one mixes,
or interleaves, practice on several related skills
together (forming for example the pattern
"ABCABCABC"), For instance, a pianist alternates
practice between scales, chords, and arpeggios,
while a tennis player alternates practice between
forehands, backhands, and volleys.
Given interleavings pOn8, E 19 9urpri
havenvestigated jy
that few studies
However, a te
everyday applications,
kohter
by cognitive psycholoREthatDoug kohrer
step towards addressing gap
to implement interea
team are the irst
locatio middle
actual dassrooms. 1he
The target skills: algeh
in Tampa, Florida.
geometry
The three-month study
nvolved teaching
graders slope and graph probems, We
lessons were largely unchanged from star ndarg
homework worksheets, howe
practice, Weekly
blocked design. y
featured an interleaved or he
new problems
interleaved, both old and
different types were mixed together. Of the ni
used interleaving
participating dasses, five
slope problems and blocking for graph problens
the reverse occurred in the remaining four
Five days after the last lesson, each dass held
review session for all students, A surprise fina
test occurred one day or one month later. The
result? When the test was one day later, ores
were 25 percent befter for problems trained with
interleaving; at one month later, the interleaving
advantage grew to 76 percent
These results are important for a host of reasors
First, they show that interleaving works in
real-world, extended use. It is highly effective
with an almost ubiquitous subject, math. The
interleaving effect is long-term and the advantage
over blocking actually increases with the passage
of time. The benefit even persists when blocked
materials receive additional review. Overall, the
interleaving effect can be strong, stable, and long
lasting
Researchers are now working to understand why
interleaving yields such impressive results. One
prominent explanation is that it improves the
brain's ability to tell apart concepts. With blocking
once you know what solution to use, thehard part
is over. With interleaving, each practice attempt
is different from the last, so rote responses don't
work. Instead, your brain must continuousy
focus on searching for different solutions. That
process can improve your ability to learn critica
features of skills.
A second explanation is that interleaving
strengthens memory associations. With blocking
a single strategy,
temporarily held in short-term
memory, is sufficient. That's not the case with
interleaving-the correct solution changes from
one practice
attempt to the next. As a resut
your brain is continually engaged at retrieving
diferent responses and bringing them into shorr
term memory, Both of these accounts imp
that increased effort during training is needed
 Comprehension 77

interleaving 1s used. This corresponds to a 5. It

from the passage that
reasonably be inferred
Wial drawback ot the technique, can
interested in skills acquisition
polte

arning process often feels that namely most researchers

difficult
at the outset.
more
gradual and
However, that added effort
are
(a) unconcerned with the relevance

enerate better, longer lasting results. interleaving to people's

routine activities.

cU word given below choose the improves

1, F o r e a c h
focused on how interleaving
used in the
correct (b)
meaning
ing (as passage) from the options athletes performance.
of
function blocking
provided:
()intent examining the
on
within an educational setting.
i ly i e l d s
is an
undecided about
whether interleaving
(a) surrenders
(b) slows (d) effective alternative to blocking.
() rewards
(d) produces would most likely agree
6. The author of the passage
on interleaving?
(il) cognitive
with which perspective
(a) Connected with conscious mental processes beneficial when an
individual wants

) Connected with physical processes (a) Tt is more unrelated skills than

when
to learn n u m e r o u s related
c) Connected with visual capacity learn several
an individual wants to
(d) Connecte with spatial reasoning skills.
exertion than
demand more time and
(ii) Retrieving (b) It may but is likely to
other approaches to learning
(a) Fetch (b) Salvage valuable outcome.
have a more
(c) Memorising (d) Visualizing it can train the
(c) If it is applied consistently
2. Over the course of the passage, the main focus
brain to distinguish
between relevant and
shiftsfrom: irrelevant information.
(a) an evaluation of a popular learning strategy its effectiveness
(d) Itmay require more studies
on
to a consideration of several lesser-known but recommend it be used
before neuroscientists
potentially more effective strategies. in classroom instruction.

b) a presentation of experts' opinions on two not true about

7. Which of these IS

learning strategies to an argument based on INTERLEAVING?

the author's own opinion. Each practice attempt is different from the
(a)
(c) an explanation of two learning strategies to a previousS
discussion of a study that shows the benefits (b) Rote learning does not work
of one strategy over the other. (c) Brain searches for different solutions.
critical
(d) a description of the learning strategies (d) It does not work help in developing
skills
traditionally used by musicians and athletes 8. What does the passage say about the differences
recommendation to employ an alternative
toa between interleaving and blocking techniques of
strategy. Which of the following combination of
learning?
3.The main effect of the words "adage" and "age- sentences best summarizes the answer?
old isto (a) Acquiring one skill at a time is called blocking.
the prevalence of certain It involves rehearsing or practicing one skill
(a) emphasize
assumptions about learning. at a time before the next. In interleaving one
been
(b) reveal that a method of learning has practices several inter related skills together.
researched on a method of If one skill is represented by A and another
extensively
learning by B and so on, thern the pattern that is used
in interleaving is AAABBBCCC, whereas the
the reliability of a
commonsense

() highlight pattern used in blocking is ABCABCABC.

approach to learning.
of (b) Blocking uses a mixture of patterns of practice,
(d) suggest that a style of learning is the subject whereas in interleaving one practises one
ongoing debate. skill at a time. Interleaving involves acquiring
to the
4. In the second paragraph the references one skill at a time. Therefore the pattern of
illustrate:
planist and the tennis player primarily practice in interleaving is AAABBBCCC and
used to teach the pattern of practice that blocking uses is
(a) the most common technique
complicated skills. ABCABCABC.
contexts. such as tennis, calculus
(D) the process of interleaving specific
in (c) Complex subjects
with mastering and violin are learnt through the technique
) the difficulties associated of interleaving. A tennis player practices the
complex subjects. forehand and the backhand, and a pianist
exhibit towards the
(a) the skepticism teachers rehearses the chords and scales.
interleaving method.
78| ICSE CHAPTERWISE MCOs
(English -1)-X
Passage 4 In manufacturing, the production proo
the quality of the end-products will be in
rocesse
There are few areas of work
leisure which will
or
through the extended use of electroniV
not be affected
profoundly by the widespread techniques of measurement and control
availability of low-cost, easy- to-use information.
If this seems in important, however, will be the expo Moy
because society
any way
in
surprising, it may be
general has not yet fuly increase in industrial automation generally <ponentia
cottoned on to the concept of information as a small, special-purpose robots in particular
resource which is often as valuable as money or
carrying out precise, repetitive and/or danoo.
manpower. In the same way, it took a very long tasks. The office will gerous
become increasino
time for society to come to important as the focus of information, control
grips with previous and
waves of industrial
change based on revolutionary decision-making.
new concepts such as the engine, electricity and
And so on, as far as the imagination can streth
the jet engine.
In the advanced nations, information technolog
In this case, the problem has been that, until
is to the home, office and factory what the interma
recently, much information was simply too
combustion engine was to mass transport: it js
difficult to obtain, shift, convey, display and
transforming practically everything, from societal
analyse sO a range of techniques had to be patterns to the world economy. Those who wish
developed for making do without it. These tend to
be called instinct, or experience, or gut feeling, or to prosper from IT had better understand and
flair. But considering what most people are already master it.

capable of, despite the dearth of information and a 1. For each word given below choose the correct
limited memory, man's intellectual horizons will meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
be expanded enormously through the colossal provided
capabilities of electronics technology to process i) inter alia
and deliver information at very high speeds and (a) Among other things
very low costs.
(b) Among main things
In education, inter alia, the eventual ability to
(c) Between things
access essentially any database of information
(d) Between prime things
on any subject will lead to a radical change in
(11 pervasive
teaching methods, with almost all the emphasis
being on interpretation of the easily available (a) Widespread (b) Deep
facts and the creative use thereof, rather than the (c) skewed (d) beneficial
old-fashioned memorizing of data. In health care, (ii)exponential
diagnostic skills are already being honed through (a) becoming faster (b) becoming slower
the use of computerized information banks, (c) becoming higher (d) becoming slimmer
and this process will accelerate significantly 2. According to the passage we can expect to see in
as the information revolution gathers pace. future all the following except:
Information technology (IT) products will add a (a) offices geared to information processing and
new dimension to the use of leisure time, just as
analysis.
personal computers are already doing in many
(b) home shopping networks that could even have
homes. Even straightforward entertainment will
an impact on traffic patterns.
be enhanced by the availability of a wide choice of
specially, high-fidelity radio and video programs (c) increased automation in factories.
delivered primarily by some form of 'cable'. (d) hi-fidelity radio and video equipment adding
Communication will be revolutionized by low new dimensions to the use of leisure time.
cost IT products. Although, the printed word- in 3. According to the passage:
the form of books, newspapers and magazines (a) new IT products will help people have more
- will retain a vital (and highly con venient) role leisure time.
in education, entertainment and the provision (b) robotics will result in more unemployment
of general information, the display screen will
()people will be in a better place to carry oul
become pervasive. This will encourage banking business from their homes.
working and shopping from home (with major
(d) books and newspapers will become obsolete.
implications for the High Street, urban traffic
patterns and local authority finances), and the 4. According to
will:
the passage, the education system
ultimate universal ownership of videophones
(a) concentrate on the acquisition of data.
may adversely affect the growth of business
travel. (D) concentrate on the absorption of information
 Comgretiersion 79

ative Evei
in more
managers in the future, thar fair value"
the United Hates at "less
e s u l t

the sinple
hift in emphasis to interpretation
of data and praCtiCES
unfair afe alleged,
a more fruitful use of information wlien no by imports
cdaim industry has beeni injured
that an
Acording
ing to to the passage, is sufficent grounds to
seek teief
people have not yet impression, this quest
for
understood:
Contrary to the general than it has
a t the oncept of intormation is of more value lmport relief has
hurt more conpanies

nthe concepts ot money and to function globally,

manpower helped. As Corporations beginMeb of marketing
b )the value of information as they develop an
intricate
relationships, The
a resource,
theconcept of information production, and research
fmakes it
these relationships
-at information
will complexity of relief laws will
(d)that
manpower as a resource.
replace money and uriikely that systeT
a of import
units under
needs of all the
meet the strategic
From
the passage, we can inter that managers: Iriterniationalization

same parent company.

ill not need to know facts the companies will
any more the danger that foreign
inicreases
) will not need to use gut feel' or ínstinct. the very companies
Use import relief lavWs against a
need to comprehend the use of information. the laws were designed
to protect. Suppose
establishes an
A need to become technology oriented. United States-owned company
while its
plant to manufacture product
a
overseas
From the passage, we can infer that the real sarne product in
the United
advantage to managers in offices will be: competitor makes the from
(g) more data, in quality and quantity. States. If the competítor can prove injury
States company
the imports and that the United
b)more intormation processed from data.
received a subsidy from a foreign government
id more focus on decision and control. United States
to build its plant abroad-the
(d) an increased ability to handle large amounts of be un competitive in
Companys products will
information. the United since they would be subject to
States,
What does the author say about the IT duties.
erolution?Which of the following combination the most brazen occurred when
case
Perhaps Canadian
ofsenitences best summarizes the answer? the ITC investigated allegations that
United States salt
a) Information technology will revolutionize companies were injuring the
teaching methods and traditional forms rock salt, used to de-ice
industry by dumping
of learning such as memorization. IE roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was
provides access to virtually any database of that a foreign conglomerate with United States
information. Diagnostic skills in healthcare operations was crying for help against a United
will be honed with computerized information States company with foreign operations. The
banks. Communication will be revolutionized "United States" company claiming injury was
bya range of low cost of products. a subsidiary of a Dutch conglomerate, while the
b)Information technology is to the home, factory "Canadian" companies included a subsidiary of a
and office what internal combustion engine Chicago firm that was the second-largest domestic
was to mass transport. Everything right from producer of rock salt.

societal paterns to world economy is limited For each word given below choose the correct
by it. People need to understand and master meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
it provided:
There is a rise in industrial automation G)alleging
generally and in small special purpose robots (a) Inculpate (b) Arraign
in particular. These can be use to carry out (c) Incriminate (d) Exculpate
precise, repetitive and dangerous tasks. (i) intricate
The office will become the focus of print
(a) Labyrinth (b) Lugubrious
technology (c) Lachrymose (d) Ludicrous
Passage 5 (iii) brazen
ManyUnitedStates companieshave, unfortunately, (a) Unabashed (b) Tenacious
made the search for legal protection from import
line of work. Since 1980 () Flagrant (d) Impudent
cOmpetition into major
a
(1v) conglomeration
Commission
neUnited States International Trade (a) A mixture of different things that are found
rc) has received about 280 complaints alleging
that benefit from subsidies all together
amage from imports
(6) A Company which has presence in almost all
y toreign governments. Another 340 charge that
in counties
Urelgn companies "dumped" their products
80 | ICSE CHAPTERWISE MCQs (English 1)-X
-

() A
government which is composed of various 6. The passage suggests that which of tho

(d)
parties
A huge building with various architecture
is most likely to be true ot United St-
laws?
olovins
tes trad
(a) They will eliminate the practice of"d
patterns of "dumpng
2. The
passage is chiefly concerned with: products in the United States.
(a) arguing against the increased (b) They will enable manutacturers in the
internationalization of United States States to compete more profitably Outs
corporations United States. outside the
(b) warning that the application of laws (c) They will affect United States trade
trade frequently has unintended
affecting Canada more negatively than trade with
consequences othe
() demonstrating that foreign-based firms receive nations.
more subsidies from their (d) Those that help one unit within a
governments than
United States firms receive from the United company will not necessarily help otherparen
States government in the company. units
(d) advocating the use of trade restrictions for 7. It canbe inferred trom the passage that th
"dumped" products but not for other imports author believes which of the following about th
3. It can be inferred from the complaint mentioned in the last paragraph?
passage that the
minimal basis for a complaint to the International (a) The ITC acted unfairly toward the complainan
Trade Commission is which of the in its investigation.
following?
(a) A foreign competitor has received a subsidy (b) The complaint violated the intent of import
from a
foreign government. relief laws.
(6) A foreign competitor has substantially (c) The response of the ITC to the complaint
increased the volume of products shipped to provided suitable relief from unfair trade
the United States. practices to the complainant.
() A foreign competitor is selling products in the (d) The ITC did not have access to
United States at less than fair market value. intormation concerning the case.
appropriate
(d) The company requesting import reliet has
been injured by the sale of imports in the Passage 6
United States. Excess inventory, a massive
problem for many
4. In paragraph 3 performs which of the following businesses, has several causes, some of which
are
functions in the passage? unavoidable. Overstocks may accumulate
through
(a) It summarizes the discussion thus far and production overruns or errors. Certain styles and
suggests additional areas of research. colors prove
unpopular. With some products
(b) It presents a recommendation based on the computers and software, toys, and books-
evidence presented earlier. last year's models are difficult to move even
at
(c) It discusses an exceptional case in which the huge discounts. Occasionally the competition
results expected by the author of the passage introduces a better product. But in many cases
were not obtained. the public's buying tastes simply change,
It cites a specific case that illustrates a a manufacturer or distributor with thousands
leaving
(d) problem (or
presented more generally in the previous millions) of items that the fickle public no longer
paragraph. wants.
5. In paragraph 2 the author warns of which of the One common way to dispose of this
is to sell it to a
merchandise
following dangers? liquidator, who buys as cheaply
(a) Companies in the United States may receive no as
possible and then resells the merchandise
protection from imports unless they actively through catalogs, discount stores, and other
seek protection from import competition. outlets. However, liquidators may
pay less for
(b) Companies that seek legal protection from the merchandise than it cost to make it.
Another
import competition may incur legal costs that way to dispose of excess inventory is to dump it
far exceed any possible gain. The corporation takes a
straight cost write-off on
(c) Companies that are United States-owned but its taxes and hauls the merchandise to a
landfill.
operate internationally may not be eligible Although it is hard to believe,there is a sort ot
tor protection from import competition under convoluted logic to this
the laws of the countries in which their approach. It is pertectly
plants legal, requires little time or preparation on the
operate. company's part, and solves the problem quickly
(d) Companies that are not United States-OWned The draw back is the remote
may seek legal protection from import possibility of getting
caught by the news media. Dumping perfecty
competition under United States import relief useful products can turn into a
laws. public relations
nightmare.
 Comprehension 81
tdren living in poverty
Childre

t just sent s00 new snowsuits to

has
treezing and XYZ (d) Manufacturers who dump their excess

and exposed by the

of the inventory are often caught
Compa

Parent
dump. young children are
PS
by and QPS
Company dumps 1,000barely news media.
in paragraph 3 most
sable diapers because they have cases
gelting

sposable I h e author cites the examples

ons. The managers of these slight in order to
probably illustrate
companies
inpedeliberately wasteful; they are simply
not (a) the fiscal irresponsibility
of dumping as a

a r e of all their alternatives, for with excess inventory

dealing
policy that
a the Internal Revenue Service (6) the waste-management problems

jnle incentive for businesses to provided a dumping new products

creates
of
tangibl
contribute (C)the advantages to
the manufacturer
procroducts to charity. The new
thd corporations to deduct the costtaxof law
the
dumping as a policy
to
allodonated plus half the difference between (c) how the news media
could portray dumping
manufacturer's reputation
prod fair market selling price, with the
costand the detriment of the
that deductions cannot exceed twice proviso In 3 asserting that
by
manufacturers
cost. Thus, 6. paragraph which
he federal government "are simply unaware", the authorsuggests
ourages-an ove- cost
sanctions-indeed,
federal tax deduction of the following?
forcompanies that donate inventory to donate excess inventory
(a) Manufacturers might
charity. rather than dump
knewit if they
1 For
each word given below choose the
correct
to charity tax code.
paning (as used in the passage) from the options provision in the federal
about the
failed to provide
m
(6) The federal government has
manutacturers to
provided:

sutticient encouragement to
(i) convoluted

make use of advantageous tax policies.

(a) Complicated (b) Slippery Manufacturers who choose to dump
excess
(c)
(c) Valid (d) Fallacious inventory are not aware of
the possible effects
of such
(i) tangible on their reputation of media coverage
(a) Palpable (b) Concrete dumping
(d) Surreptitious of by
() Substantial
(d) The manufacturers of products disposed
of the needs of those
(ii) dumping dumping are unaware

would find the products useful.

(a) deposit or dispose of people who
(b) hooking up 7. The information in the passage suggests that
which of the following, if true, would make
() befriending
(d) latching donating excess inventory to charity less attractive
to manufacturers than dumping?
2.The author mentions each of the following as a
The costs of getting the inventory to the
(a)
cause of excess inventory EXCEPT charitable destination are greater than the
(a)production of too much merchandise above-cost tax deduction.
(b)inaccurate forecasting of buyers' preferences
(6) The news media give manufacturers'
() unrealistic pricing policies charitable contributions the same amount of
(d) products' rapid obsolescence coverage that they give dumping.
3.The passage suggests that which of the following
who sells
(c) No straight-cost tax benefit can be claimed for
is a kind of product that a liquidator items that are dumped.
to discount stores would be unlikely to wish to (d) The fair-market value of an item in excess
inventory is 1.5 times its cost.
acquire?
(a) Furniture 8. What does the author say about the common ways
(b) Computers to dispose of excess merchandise and inventory?
c) Kitchen equipment Which of the following combination of sentences
best summarizes the answer?
(d) Baby-care products
that supports (a) One of the common ways to dispose off excess
Ihe passage provides information merchandise is to sell it to a liquidator, who
which of the following statements?
most often buys it at a cost effective price and then resells
a) Excess inventory results
market analysis by the it through discount stores, catalogue stores,
trom insufficient
and other outlets. Another way of disposing
manufacturer.
detects excess inventory is by hauling it to a landfill
D) Products with slight manufacturing
with a view of dumping it.
may contribute to excess inventory.
of (b) Excess merchandise is a huge concern for
manufacturers have taken advantage
S
Few many businesses but it is unavoidable.
the changes in the federal tax laws.
82 ICSE CHAPTERWISE MCOs
(English 1)-X
Using data from the government
Production overruns and errors may result in
the accumulation of stocks. Certain style and reports of several countries (much o
products prove to be more popular. With some French Government Statistical Officar
products Such as toys, books, and computers his line
found strong support for his line Teauto
the previous year's models are hard to get rid Suicide rates were higher among
among nge
of even when offered at discounted prices. married people, among military person
(c) Sometimes the competition introduces a better ivilians, among divorced than marrie
ried
natioye
product. In some cases they need to dispose and among people involved in
in
the product because the economic crises,
publics buying It is important to realize that Durkheim'e.
tastes change. This leaves the manufacturer
or distributor with surplus products that the interest was not in the enpirical (obser

whimsical public is no longer interested in indicators he used Such as suicide rates TVati
military personnel, married people, and s att
buying Rather, Durkheim used the tollowing indica
Passage 7 to support several of his contentions: (1) s
Emile Durkheim, the first person to be formally behavior can be explained by social rather
recognized as a sociologist and the most scientific psychological factors; (2) suicide is affected
of the pioneers, conducted a study that stands the degree of integration and regulation wi
as a research model for sociologists today. His social entities; and (3) Since society car1 be studa
investigation of suicide was, in fact, the first scientifically, sociology is worthy of recognitio
sociological study to use statistics, In suicide the academic world. Durkheim was successful
(1964, originally published in 1897) Durkheim all three counts.
documented his contention that some aspects of
human behavior - even something as allegedly
1. For each word given below choose the core
meaning (as used in the passage) from the optio
individualistic as suicide can be explained
provided:
without reference to individuals.
Like all of Durkheim's work, suicide must be i) pioneers
viewed within the context of his concern for (a) a person who is among the first to studyo
social integration. Durkheim wanted to see if develop something.
suicide rates within a social entity (for example, a b) a person who is the follower
group, organization, or society) are related to the (c) disciple
degree to which individuals are socially involved (d) supporter
(integrated and regulated). i) contention
Durkheim describes three types of suicide: (a) a fact
egoistic, anomic, and altruistic. Egoistic suicide (b) an assertion, especially one maintained i
is promoted when individuals do not have argument
sufficient social ties. Since single (never married) (c) a tentative solution
adults, for example, are not heavily involved with (d) a statement
the family life, they are more likely to commit (ii) prone
suicide than are married adults. Altruistic suicide
(a) vulnerable b) resistant
on the other hand, is more likely to occur when
social integration is too strong. The ritual suicide () upright (d) supine
2. Higher suicide rate during rapid progress in
of Hindu widows on their husbands funeral pyres
society is a manifestation of :
is one example. Military personnel, trained to lay
down their lives for their country, provide another (a) altruistic suicide. b) anomic suicide.
(c) egoistic suicide. (d) vindictive sucide.
illustration.
Durkheim's third type of suicide anomic 3. In his study of suicide Durkheim's main purpos
suicide increases when the social regulation of was

individuals is disrupted. For example, suicide
rates increase during economic depressions.
People who suddenly find themselves without a
job or without hope of finding one are more prone
to kill themselves. Suicides may also increase
during period of prosperity. People may loosen
their social ties by taking new jobs, moving to
new communities, or finding neW mates.
(a) to document that suicide can be explained
without reference to the individual.
(b) to provide an explanation of the variation
the rate of suicide across societies.
(c) to categorize various types of suicides.
(d) to document that social behavior can
explained by social rather than psycholog
factors.
 Comprehension 83

kirana
fncreaseln tthe
he suicide
rate
during economic these categories reach
the neighbourhood
themselves in
an example of: have
established
aression 1s stores after they
depre
altruisticsuicide.
(b) anomic suicide. modern trade.
be an important
(d) Both a and c.
c ) e g o i s t i cs u i c i d e ,
grocers
continue to
we
While categories
lts not heavily involved with
family channel, for the
new and evolving
high-end products
of
aore likely
likely to
to commit suicide.
Durkheim Saw an
increased presence
premium products
more

are
ife
categorized this a s trade. For example, c a r air
in modern dishwashing,
(b) altruistic suicide.
nic suicide. detergents,
in laundry surface increased in availability
care
)
(d) Both (b) and (c)
egoistic suicide.
fresheners and these products
are aimed
format as
tnrough this
rding to Durkheim, suicide rates within a
Ocial entity can be explained in terms of:
consumers who are m o r e likely
to ship
who
at affluent
& Aca

outlets and
supermarket/hypermarket
ties. in
for specialized products.
of social
absence
la) to pay more
disruption of
or social regulation. are willing that have grown
Some other categories of the
social integration. for bulk
ature of
account
exceptionally and now
and ready-to-
of the above. sales from modern
retail are frozen
(á) All pre-and post-wash
, ing to Durkheim, altruistic suicide is more
According to eat foods, pet food, diapers,
conditioners and high-end shaving
products, hair evolution of
ikelyamong:
others. "With the
personne than among civilians. products, besides has
military
(a) single people than among married people. in this channel
modern trade, out growth
several other categories.
b) been healthy as it is for
il divorcees than among married people. part of o u r
Modern retail is an important
d people involved in nationwide economic
business" said managing director,
Kellogg India.
crises.
What modern retail
offers to companies
is the
categories
What does Durkheim say about the different kinds experimenting with new
which was not
fsuicide? Which of the following combination of chance to educate customers
summarizes the answer? the case with a general trade
store. "Category
sentences best starts with
can be explained by social creation and market development
(a) Social behaviour consumers start
modern trade but as more
rather than psychological factors. Suicide is into
affected by the degree of integration. Since consuming this category, they penetrate
& FMCG
food
society can be studied scientifically, sociology other channels," said President,
t h e country's largest
is worthy of recognition. category, Future Group Bazaar.
retailer which operates stores like Big
b) Suicide rates were higher among single retailers
But a to note here is that modern
point
people in comparison with the married. They
themselves push their own private brands
in these
were higher among military personnel
than
and can emerge as a big threat for
among civilians. The rates were higher among very categories
the consumers goods and foods companies.
the divorced than the married. Durkheim was
For instance, Big Bazaar's private label Clean
successful on all three accournts.
Mate is hugely popular and sells more than a
(c)Emily Durkheim describes three types of brand like Harpic in its own stores. "So, there is
anomic and altruistic. that
Suicidenamely:egoistic, a certain amount of conflict and competition
social ties lead to egoistic suicide.
Insuficient will play out over the next few years which the
commit
Unmarried adults are more likely to FMCG companies will have to watch out for",
married. Altruistic suicide
suicide than the said KPMG's executive director (retail).
OCcurs when social integration is too strong
In the past, there have been instances of retailers
such as the woman dying at the husband's boycotting products from big FMCG players
regulation of individuals
Pyre. When social on the issue of margins, but as modern retail
increases.
decreases, anomic suicide becomes increasingly significant for pushing new
categories, experts say we could see more
Fassage 8
Organized has fuelled new growth
retail partnerships being forged between retailers
breakfast cereals and FMCG companies. "Market development
categories-like liquid hand wash, for new categories takes time so brand wars for
ana pet foods in the consumer goods industry
sales, said leadership and consumer franchise will be fought
accounting for almost 50% of their
The figures on the modern retail platform. A new brand can
ata trom market search firm Nielsen. more overnight compete with established companies
nowed some of these new categories got retail by tying up with few retailers in these categorieis",
modern
lan 40% of their business from in President of Future Group added.
EES.The data also suggests how products
84 1CSECHAPTERWIS MCas (English 1)-X
the author describe Moe
1. For each word given below cho0e the corect
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
B. How does
Modem Res
Which of the following combinationn of w
the answer?
best summarizes
provided: Bazaar Clean Mate is more
(a) Big
opment preer
() premium
(a) exclusive (b) inclusive
than Harpic. Market developmer
products takes time, A new brand
for
(C) extra (d) perk established brands
compete with OVem
(ii) affluent Modern retail is very Significant for
(a) wealthy (b) poor new categories
pus
(C)impoverished (d) penniless (b) Organized retail has fuelled the g r
(Gii) forged end products like
categories in high
(a) made (b) fraud and pet foode
wash, breakfast cereals, in
(c)counterfeit (d) alter consumer goods industry, These
2. Which ofthe following is being referred to as new are aimed at affluent
Customers who are produ
willing to pay for specialized products
me
growth category? shop at supermarkets,
(a) Soap cake (b) Fresh fruits
(d) Liquid Hand-wash (c) There is certain amount of conflict
(c) Fresh vegetables competition that will play out over the ne
3. Which of the following is being referred to as
modern retail outlet?
few years. Retailers boycott products fo
FMCG players, These products reach
(a) Supermarket neighbourhood kirana stores
(b) On-line Store
(c) Door-to-door Selling Passage 9
(d) Road-side Hawkers The most important problem posed by th
4. Which of the following best conveys the meaning existence of different interests, that is to sa
of the phrase, "watch out for as used in the different mental models and paradigms abou
passage? and within organizations, is how to tackle the
(a) Demand justice (b) Avoid conflict (potential) incompatibility. In order to manag8
(c) Be on the alert (d) Passively accept the cognitive and normative differencesand
5. Which of the following is being referred to as preferences as part of organizational practic
'certain amount of conflict'? knowledge management and thus managemen
(a) Retailers selling their own products with education will have to detach themselves fron
products of companies a functionalist management ideology, and the
(b) Retailers selling similar products of different positivistic idea of knowledge and rationality
Consumer companies
which is associated with it. Such concept
as deutero leaning, n-th order changes, and
(c) Offering differential rate of margin for
innovation (instead of improvements) do na
different products
fit into the latter approach. Functionalism has
(d) New products killing the old products
a marked preference for unity above diversity
6. The new growth category products for harmony above conflict, for (functional
(a) reach first the neighbourhood Kirana shop integration, and it chooses order above the
and then the modern retail outlets potential chaos of continuous change.
(b) account for less than 20% of sales in organized Incompatibility or incommensurability ar
retail then seen as a grave threat to vested interests
(c) reach all the outlets almost at the same time Functionalists in particular react too emotionaly
(d) first become popular in modern trade outlets and with disgust at the idea of (apparent
before reaching Kirana shops unreconcilable differences which adhere t
7. Which of the following is not true in the context of incommensurability. If, however, knowledge
the passage? management and therefore also managemen
(a) Clean Mate is a product of an organized education wish to be able to pride themselves
on the
retailers tact that they aspire to continuous innovation
anu (ii
(b) Some retailers don't keep some products if learning in organizations, then the managemen
the profit margin is not good of irreconcilability and
pluriformity willbea
(c) A new brand can never quickly displace an unavoidable and indispensable prerequisite fo
established brand its success. iii
(d) Kirana store still remains an important Postmodernism belies all grand narratve
channel like those of
positivism and even Haberma
 Comprehension 85

to the
true, with
respect
rationality, that
try to
force people All of the following
are
theory
old of a pecific way of thinking and passage, except that:
by
nto

hemodernism explains this tendency of

acting Fostmodernism
d e n e

interests are gravely

threatened

(a) vested
heoretical
systemreassitino
by positing two central
aristic of humann reason : first, there is the incompatibility. incommensurability
and
aracteristi
of post
fundamental and
inaliena
a n d

freedom or reason (D) management demands a

in organisations
eptualize 'the world in different heterogeneity
modern epistemological perspective.
ways,
ond, each of these conceptualizations has theoretical systems
nd irreducible claim to (C)the compatibility of grand human
universality. 1S to be traced
to central
features of

Managemernt of incommensurability and

reason.
Ngeneity in organizations expressly demands
(d) None of the above.
heteroge

modern istemological perspective. best denotes the

the following
a
ancepts as
incommensurability and 3. Which of
offunctionalism,
as brought
5u differences have a prominent place in characteristic features
intern
stmodernism. As is evident from the above out in the passage
above diversity.
ion, postmodernism believes all great (a) It prefers unity
above conflict.
o s on the levels of both epistemology (b) It places harmony chaos
above the potential
and
Social philosophy. Positivism and even (C) It values order
ermas's theory of rationality, which under caused by continuous change.
Habern

he guise of universality attempted to force (d) All of the above.

people into a certair way of thinking and acting, modernism
4. According to the passage, post and
c history has so adequately demonstrated, do not to incommensurability
totalitarian approach.
(a) gives weightage
shrink from a homogeneity.
Postmodernism shows that the incompatibility narratives on the levels of
(6) believes all great
ofgrand theoretical systems is to be traced to both epistemology and social philosophy.
wo Central
features of human reason: first, the (c) Both (a) and (b).
fundamental freedom of thought with which (d) None of the above.
world in one's own and therefore
to view the
will
5. As per the passage, knowledge management
different way, and second, the inbuilt claim to find its challenge in :
universality, 1.e., that one considers one's own indifference.
(a) managing pluralisation
point of view to be the best. It is for this reason its relevance.
it is not enough to minimalize (b) convincing practitioners about
that in practice
the differences between alternative perspectives ()making its impact felt in today's changing
times.
(which could lead to a kind of resolvepluralistic
indiference); neither would it do to the (d) changing the ethos of working in the industry.
conficts between them in forcible a manner (this 6. All of the following are false, with respect to the
would lead only to dogmatism). passage, except that
be a challenge (a) the most important problem posed by thee
Managing differences will therefore existence of different interests is to tackle their
for knowledge management to find which leading
the ship of incompatibility.
element would be helpful in steering
totalitarian rule and (b) knowledge management and management
the rocks of
organization past education will have to align themselves with a
thenaround the cliffs of indifference.
the correct functional management ideology.
1. For each word given below choose from the options (c) tackling incompatibility of different models
meaning (as used in the passage) and paradigms is less difficult.
provided:
(d) None of the above.
irreconcilability 7. A suitable title for the passage could be:
(a) dissimilarity (b) friendly
(d) incompatible (a) Contradictions in Theoretical Systems of Post
)appeasable Modernism
i) pluriformity
(a) similarity (b) diversity (b) Management of Incompatibility in a Post
Modern Perspective.
uniformity
ii) inalienable
(d) regularity
(c) Heterogeneity in Management Ideology.
a) impermanent (b) changeable (d) Irreconcilability and Pluriformity- Facets of
Post Modernism.
unchallengeable (d) irreligious
86| ICSE CHAPTERVWiSE MCOs (English -1)-X
takes up many forms, s
8. What are the ways to tackle potential century. Partnering SOmea
networking collaboratio
strategic alliances,
incompatibility within an organization? Which a complex, knowledge
inte
of the following combination of sentences best co-operative. In
i n f o r m a t i o n oriented
21st century it
summarizes the answer? and
for individual companie
going to be possible
(a) To manage cognitive and cognitive with answers to all their probleme
disturbances and preferences within an Come up partner
will need to
themselves. Companies
organization, knowledge management and several firms to compete
effectively. At the
management education will have to detach with custom their
themselves from a functionalist management farthest, they need to partner
At the farthest end, compani
and suppliers.
ideology. They need to aspire to continuous with their competitors whichis
innovation and learning in organizations, may e v e n partner
called co-opetition.
making management of irreconcilability is o v e r . We ar
and The day of m a s s marketing
and pluriformity as a n unavoidable the e r a of personalised products
indispensable prerequisite. getting closer to
and with Customerisation was commonly followed i
(b) Functionalists react too emotionally products
industrial marketing
at the idea ofirreconcilable differences. both services and
disgust with flexible automation, it has cometo
Incompatibilityand incommensurability are However,
as well. A custome
grave
seen as threat to vested interests. be used in c o n s u m e r product
terminal and design
a computer
posits two central can sit in front of
() Post modernism the same
characteristics of human reason: there is his own car,bicycle o r jeans and get
house the same
and delivered to his
fundamental or inalienable freedom o r reason fabricated
to conceptualize the world in different ways. day. Consider Japan's
National Bicycle Industrial
built in Co.: Dealers fax National a set of speciications
Each of these conceptualizations has a
and irreducible claim to universality. based the customers' requirements for model,
on

colour, components, and personal measurements

Passage 10 and print
the Computers digest the specifications
Participative management refers to getting so out custom blueprints from which customer's
employees to feel as part of the organisation is created of cut-to-fit and c o m m o n parts
that they can give their best to the organisation. bicycle while
Robots do most of the welding and painting
If managements were to say that the employees
skilled workers complete the assembly -including
should work hard for the well being of the
the silk-screening the customer's name on to the
the
management, they are not going to get frame. Within a day, this one-of-a-kind bicycle
It is
wholehearted commitment of the employees.
also not going to be possible for the management (outof 11 million combination of parts) is finished
packed, and ready for shipment.
to buy the commitment of the workers by
Finally, in order to survive, organisations should
throwing more money. get into a perpetual learning mode. A learning
to get the
Most Japanese companies managed organisation is one that seeks to create its own
involvement of their employees by finding future; that assumes learning in an ongoing and
which
common enemies in American companies, creative process for its members; and develops,
and Hamel.
is called Strategic Intent by Prahalad adapts and transforms itself in response to the
to assemble a
Anita Roddicks has managed needs and aspirations of people, both inside and
share a c o m m o n vision -eco-
set of people who outside itself. At the heart of a learning organisation
business-to r u n her
friendly and socially relevant lies the belief that enormous human potentiallies
cosmetic business called Body Shop. The company
locked, undeveloped in our organisations.
believes in profits-with-a-principle philosophy;
Central to this belief is the conviction that when
help third-world
they oppose testing on animals,contributes
economies through its trade, to rain
all members of an organisation fully develop
and exercise their essential human capacities
forest preservation efforts, is active in
women's
the resulting congruence between personal and
issues, and sets an example for recycling. Robert organisational visions, goals and objectives wll
Semler of Semco Industries in Mexico has passed
release this potential. The concept of learning
on the powers (even to determine wages and organisation was popularised by Peter Senge
bonuses) down the line to the workers that he has Organisational learning is an emergent, indue
been able to get the best out of his people.
process by which organisations assimila
Whatever be the approach, the companies that values, ideologies and practices, either t r
are able to share the benefits with its workers their environments or their elite members.
and get them united for a common purpose in a knowledge so acquired is diffused across t
participative mode will only survive in the 21st entire organisations. Usually it remains embed
 Comprehension 87

nisation
Onganis
and t is not
easy to cop made to feel as part
of the
petitors. This has to be a (6) employees are can
continuous their best output
d onganisations that organisation so thhat

iing perpetual leamng will be morein

are
successtul tlowout with whole
hearted commitment.

their representatives
have
u l in the 21st century. ()employees Board meetings.
s ot drastic hange, it is the leamers who participating in the
claim their share
of profits.
it the uture t is obvious that an ( ) employees can false
tective institution A s per the passage, all
following are
of the
teaching and learnin
omatically be a
learning organisation. except that: learning is an emergent,
berts
mith Rober and Neiner advocate ) organisational
this inductive process
Learning n an organisation means
perceives learnin8
ontinuous testir ot (6) a learning organisation its
nation ot that
experience, and the and creative process
for
anstOrm

experience into knowledge dsan ongoing

esible to thewhole organisation, and employees. with their
need to partner
ant to its oN purPOSe the core of learning (companies
work is based customers and suppliers.
anisation upon hve "learning (d) All of the above.
aplines litelong programes ot study and institutionalising
.
Asper thepassage, organisations
Er each word given below choose the correct perpetual learning
(a) become riddled with problems
arising of high
eaning (as used in the passage) from the options
employee awareness
provided:
(6) lose out in the competition.
aemble
(C) become successtul.
agather (6) disperse (d) will produce more armchair intellectuals than
dismantle (d) dispelled proactive ones.
is
oppose 7. The most suitable title for the passage
a) disagree b)agree (a) Learners are Misfit in Today's Competitive
approvee (d) aid Times.
(6) Management and Employees.
perpetual

(b) transitory (c) Learners are Inheritors of the Future.

e)ever-lasting
(d) Competition and Learning.
c) temporary (d) intermittent
is true, with respect to the 8. What is participative management according to
All of the following the author? Which of the following combination
passage, except that:
of sentences best summarizes the answer?
a)it is the learners who inherit the future in times (a) Mos Japanese companies managed to get
ofdrastic change. the involvement of their employees by
(b) organisations should get into a perpetual
leaming mode.
finding common enemies in the American
companies which is called strategic intent.
(c) to be successful, organisations should not Anita Roddicks has managed to assembleea
institutionalise learning. set of people who share a common vision- eco
will need friendly and socially relevant business.
(d)for effective competition, companies
to partner with several firms. (b) The company believes in profits with a
principle policy and they oppose testing
3.Which of the following would best go along with on animals, help third world countries,
whatthe author has to state in the passage?
seeks to create its own contribute to rain forest preservation, and are
a) Alearning organisation involved in women's issues. Companies will
future.
need to partner with several firms to compete
(D) Customerisation is not linked to consumer

services and effectively.

product but only confined to (c) Participative management is a strategyy
ndustrial product marketing
wherein employers get their employees to
Ihe only way management buy the can
9 feel part of the organization so that they can
Commitments of the workers is by throwing give their best to their organization. Central
more money to this belief is the conviction that when all
(d) All of the above. members of an organization fully develop and
4 The passag
age explains participative management exercise their essential human capacities, the
as one wherein: resulting congruence between personal and
running of the organizational visions, goals and objectives
Cmployees have a say in the
will release their potential.
organisation.
88| IcSE CHAPTERWISE MCQs
(English I)-X_
(ii) nebulous
Passage 11
(a) confused (b) vague What

The cyber-world is ultimately ungovernable. This .

1s alarming as well as convenient, sometimes, (c) iridescent (d) glowing g o v e

o w n

convenient because alarming. Some ndian (iii) parody be

politicians use this to great advantage. When (a) twist (b) jeopardize of t
there is an obvious failure in (d) imitate
governance (c) ridicule sum

during a crisis they deflect attention from their 2. According to the passage, the Cyber-worl
Own incompetence towards the ungovernable. orld is (a)
the imagination of people
S0, having tailed to prevent nervous Citizens from (a) beyond
(b) outside the purview of common peopla
fleeing their cities of work by assuring them of
proper protection, some national leaders are now (c) not to be governed
busy trying to prove to one another and to panic- (d) ungovernable
prone Indians, that a mischievous neighbour has 3. The author is of the opinion that
been using the Internet and social networking
(a) the centre should start negotiations
Sites to spread dangerous rumours. And the wit
Centre's automatic reaction is to start blocking Google, Twitter and Facebook
these sites and begin elaborate and potentially (b) the centre should help the citizens eva
vacuat
endless negotiations with Google, Twitter and their city.
the sites
Facebook about access to information. If this (c) the centre should not block
is the official idea of prompt action at a time of (d) the centre should arrest the guilty
Crisis among communities, then Indians have 4. The author seriousness regarding the situatio
more reason to fear their protectors than the
can best be described in the following sentence
nebulous mischief-makers of the Cyber-world.
Pick the odd one out.
(
Wasting time gathering proof, blocking vaguely
(a) Our leaders should display their powers
suspicious websites, hurling accusations across the
border and worrying about bilateral relation; are censorship when needed.
ways of keeping busy with inessentials because one (b) If this is the official idea of prompt actio
does not quite know what to do about the essentials at a time of crisis among communitie
of a difficult situation. Besides, only a fifth of the then Indians have more reason to fear thej
245 websites blocked by the Centre mention the protectors than the nebulous mischief-make
people of the North-East or the violence in Assam. of the cyber-world.
And if a few morphed images and spurious (c)The politicians deflect attention from thei
texts can unsettle an entire nation, then
own incompetence
there is something deeply wrong with the
nation and with how it is being governed.
(d) If a few morphed images and spurious text
can unsettle an entire nation, then there i
This is what its leaders should be addressing
immediately, rather than making a wrongheaded something deeply wrong with the nation.
display of their powers 0f censorship. 5. The author warns us against: Pass
It is just as absurd and part of the same (a) playing false with the citizens
not
syndrome, to try to ban Twitter accounts that (b) dangers inherent in the Cyber-world
parody despatches from the Prime Minister's (c) not using the Cyber-world judiciously
office. To describe such forms of humour and
(d) protecting the citizens from dangerous
dissent as 'misrepresenting' the PMO- as if
Twitteratis would take these parodies for genuine politicians
6. What is the opposite of 'wrong headed'?
despatches from the PMO- makes the PMO look
more ridiculous than its parodists manage to. (a) silly (b) sane
With the precedent for such action set recently (c) insane (d) insensible
by the Chief Minister of West Bengal, this is yet 7. The passage suggests different ways of keeping
another proof that what Bengal thinks today India
the public busy with 'inessentials'. Pick the odd
will think tomorrow. Using the Cyber-world for
one out.
flexing the wrong muscles is essentially not funny.
It might even prove to be quite dangerously (a) By blocking websites which are vaguely
distracting. suspicious
1. For each word given below choose the correct (6) By blaming neighbouring countries acrossthe
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options border
provided: (c) By turning the attention of the people
i) spurious violence in Assam
(a) genuine (b) authentic (d) By getting involved in a discourse on bilaterd
(c) substantial (d) fake relations
 Comprehension| 89

What does thethe author say about how the man cried out "Be
the sharp ivory tusk,
eflects attention away from its Smooth,
here." The
fourth

rn There is a sharp spear

netence towards things that can't
Careful!
behind the elephant,
dsuch as the man cautiously walked up There
e
o w
governed, s u
cyber world? Which and felt its swinging
tail. "It's just a rope!
lowing mbination of sentences
best 1S nothing to be afraid off,"
he said. The
fifth m a n
t h e

marizes the answer? the

meanwhile reached
out and was touching
cyber world is ultimately nad of you have
lost
animal. "I think all
the

a) )
Since
huge ears of the nothing but
ungov
vernable, sonme
politicians use it to your sense of touch!"
he said. "This is
When there is a failure be left out,
their advantage.
a huge fan!" The sixth
did not want to
in governance during a crisis, they deflect he bumped
As he walked towards
the elephant,
This is
tion away from their own its massive body, and
he exclaimed!
Example
incompetence.
of this are seen in instances such as Into no animal
at all!" six
Just a huge mud wall! There is
failed to
protect citizens, when they that they were right, and
having them were convinced
fleeing their cities, they are now Or themselves. Wondering
were trying Degan arguing amongst
to DrOve that a mischievous neighbour has
what the commotion was
all about, the zo0 keeper
the internet and social was surprised
to see sX
been using networking arrived at the scene, and
each of them
os to Spread dangerous rumours. The blind surrounding an elephant,
men
he
ntre automatically starts blocking the sites of their voice! "Quiet!"
cent
shouting at the top
nd begins potentially endless shouted out, and when they
had calmed down, he
and
negotiations and arguing
asked, "Why are all of you shouting
with Google and twitter and Facebook about
w
as you can
access to information. in this manner?" They replied, "Sir,
came here to expand
is the idea of prompt action at see, we are all blind. We
(b) Tfof this
crisis, then the people have more
a time
reason We sensed an animal here,
and
our knowledge. it.
to fear their protectors than the nebulous tried to feeling
get an idea of its appearance byconsensus
at a
mischief makers of the cyber world. These are However, we are not able to arrive
ways of keeping busy with the inessentials Over its appearance, and hence
are arguing. Can
us and tell us
which of us is
because one does not know what to do about you please help
the essentials of a difficult situation. right"? The zoo keeper laughed before answering,
one
() This is what its leaders should be addressing "My dear men, each of you has touched just
is
immediately, rather than making a portion of the animal. The animal you see
neither a snake, nor any of the other things you
wrongheaded display of their powers of
censorship. If a few morphed images and have mentioned. The animal in front of you is
an elephant!" As the six men bowed their head,
spurious texts can unsettle a nation then there
ashamed of the scene they had created, the zoo
is something deeply wrong about how it is
being governed. keeper said, "My dear men, this is a huge animal,
and luckily, it is tame. It stood by calmly as each
Passage 12 of you touched it. You are extremely lucky that it
Once upon time in a
a village, there lived six blind stayed calm even during your argument, for if it
men. In spite of their blindness, they had managed had got angry, it would have trampled all of you
toeducate themselves. Seeking to expand their to death!" He continued further, "It is not enough
knowledge, they decided to visit a zo0 and try out to gather knowledge, but it is also important to
their skills in recognising animals by their touch. learn to share and pool your knowledge. Instead
The first animal they came across, as soon as they of fighting amongst yourselves, if you had tried
to put all your observations together, you might
entered the zoo, was an elephant. As the first man
have had an idea of the animal as a whole! Also,
approached the elephant, the elephant waved
when you cannot see the entire truth, it is better
is trunk, and the man felt something brush past
to go to someone who does know the
him. Managing to hold on to it, he felt it, and complete
found something long and moving. He jumped truth, rather than guess about small parts of it.
This is Such half-knowledge is not only useless, but also
baCk in alarm, shouting "Move away!
a

dangerous. If you had come directly to me, I would

Snake!" Meanwhile, the second man had moved
have helped you identify all the animals without
iOser, and walked right near its legs. As the man
he putting you in danger!" The six men apologised
touched the thick, cylindrical-shaped legs,trees to the zoo keeper, and assured him that they had
out"Do These are just four
Cd not worry.
ere is certainly no snake!" The third man learnt their lesson.. From now on they would seek
Was curious hearing the other two, and moved true knowledge from qualified people, and would
forwa As he walked towards the elephant, he also try to work together as a team so that they
felthis hand touch one of the tusks. Feeling the could learn more.
90 ICSE CHAPTERWISE MCas (English -1)-X
important to share knowi.
1. For each word given below choose the correct
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
(c) That it
work

(d) That
was

together as
they were
a team.

not
owledgean
qualiied to
provided:
knowledgeable individuals.
) Convinced
is made
up of d i t
(a) Certain (b) Doubtful (e) That the elephant ifere
(c) Pressured (d) Committed parts. the six blind
ii) Pool 8. What the different things
are
touched the elenk
thought about when they
(a) Expand b) Gather
Which of the following
combination of sent
(c) Devote (d) Apply summarizes the answer?
tentes
best
(iii) Consensus a n animal
there and tried
(a) They sensed ed
(a) Harmony (b) Disagreement get an idea of its appearance by touchins
(d) Inorder Unable to arrive at a consensus they argue:
(c) Fighting
2. Which part of the elephant resembled a big fan? sonmeone to help them tell whs
They wanted
(a) The wide ears t is.
(b) The mouth (b) When one of the six
blind men touched t
(c) The long slender trunk it was a snake. When
trunk, he thought one
them touched the cylindrical legs he thought
(d) The big wrinkled body was four trees. When one of them touched ths
3. Why did the six blind men visit the zoo?
was a rope. Upon touching
(a) They wanted to touch an elephant. til, he thought it
the ears, one of them explained that it was
(b) They had heard a lot about animals.
fan.
(c) They wanted to visit the animals in the zo0o. Each of the men touched was an elephant.
(c)
(d) They wished to recognise animals by their was neither a snake, nor any of the things the
touch and feel. mentioned. The animal in front of them was
4. What was the First thing the blind men came an elephant. It was a huge animal and luckily
across as they entered the zoo?
it was tame.
(a) A large mud wall Passage 13
(b) The zoo keeper IN GORILLA society, power belongs to silverbad
(c) The trees males. These splendid creatures have numerous
(d) The elephant status markers besides their back hair: they ar
5. Why is it that each of the six blind m e n had bigger than the rest of their band, strike space
different impressions of the elephant? filling postures, produce deeper sounds, thump
) Each of them touched only a portion of the their chests lustily and, in general, exude an air
elephant. of physical fitness. Things are not that different in
(i) Each of the six blind m e n approached different the corporate world. The typical chief executive
animals. is more than six feet tall, has a deep voice, a good
(iii) The blind m e n w e r e touching the surroundings posture, a touch of grey in his thick, lustrous
instead of the elephant. hair and, for his age, a fit body. Bosses spread
before.
iv) They had never touched a n elephant themselves out behind their large desks. They
(b) Only (i) and (ii) stand tall when talking to subordinates. Ther
(a) Only (i)
(d) Only (i) and (iv)
(c) Only (iii) conversation is laden with prestige pauses and
6. Why were the six men arguing and shouting declarative statemernts. The big difference between
amongst themselves? gorillas and humans is, of course, that human
Each of them wanted his voice to be
heard society changes rapidly. The past few decades
(a) have seen a striking change in thedistribution
over and above the others.
he right about the of power- between men and women, the Wes
(b) Each of them thought was

and the emerging world and geeks and n o

animal.

There was lot of noise in the zoo and they geeks. Women run some of America's large
(c) a
firms, such as General Motors (Mary Barra) a
couldn't hear each other.
IBM (Virginia Rometty). More than half ot th
(d) They were having an interesting debate. thelr
to the six world's biggest 2,500 public companies have
7. What advice did the zoo keeper give headquarters outside the West. Geeks barely ou
blind men? of short trousers run some of the world's m
(a) That the elephant was tame and obedient. dynamic businesses. Peter Thiel, one ot
licon

have had the

(b) That they very lucky to
were
Valley's leading investors, has introduc
opportunity to visit the zoo. blanket rule: never invest in a CEO who
ear
 Comprehension 91

Yet
i t is
remarkable, in this supposed age
suit.
bosses still
how many (iv) tentative
ofdiversity,

otype. First, they

are tall: in
conform to (a) uncertain
(b) confident
tereo research
"Blink", Malcolm Gladwell for
2005 book, "Blink", (d) developed
found ()certain
CEOs of Fortune 500 2. What can be the suitable title of the passage?
30% of
that
nches or taller, compared companies are
with 3.9% of (a) The look of a leader
ation.People
feet
an
A who "sound (b) Age of diversity
he
have a marked
have

the top. Quantihed advantage in the

also
right (C) Gorilla and humans
pr
Communications,
aceced company, asked people to a (d) Physical fitness matters
evaluate 3. What the author wants to convey by
saying age
speeches delivered by 120 executives. They found

voicequality accounted for 23% of of diversity"?

thatons and the content ot the listeners' (a) There is diversity
between and man
woman

aluad for 11%. Academics

evalua

speech only (b) There is diversity

between young generation
acCounted
from thebusiness
ls ofthe University of California, San Diego
and old generation
level
sC rkeUniversity listened to 792 male CEOs (There is no gender bias at global
gving
resentations to investors and found that
Dre
(d) All of the above
those with the
deepest voices earned to the passage what physical qualities
$187,000 4. According
year more than the
average. Physical
fitness
are required to become CEO of a company?
to matter too: a
s
study published this month,
seemst

Peter Limbadach of the Karlsruhe

(a) Height, weight
by Pete
Institute (b) Sound
Technology and Florian Sonnenburg of the
(c) Height, sound
Tiniversity of cologne, found that companies
in America's SP 15U0 index whose CEOs had (d) Both 3 and 4
5. Which of the following statement is TRUE
fnished a marathon were worth 5% more on
average than those whose bosses had not. Good according to the passage?
nosture makes people act like leaders as well as I. Good postures makes people happy
iook like them: Amy Cuddy of Harvard Business I. Physical fitness matters to become CE0
Womenare incapable of controlling their
School notes that the very act of standing tall, II.
with your feet planted solidly and somewhat weight
apart, your chest out and your shoulders back, (a) I & II
boosts the supply of testosterone to the blood and (b) II &II
lowers the supply of cortisol, a steroid associated (c) II only
with stress. (Unfortunately, this also increases (d) II only
the chance that you will make a risky bet.) 6. Which of the following statement is TRUE
Besides relying on all these supposedly positive
according to the passage?
indicators of fitness to lead, those who choose
(1) Gorillas have numerous status markers
bosses also rely on some negative stereotypes.
besides their back hair.
Overweight peoplewomen especially-are (2) Bosses stand tall when talking to subordinates.
judged incapable of controlling themselves, let (3) The big difference between gorillas and
alone others. Those who "uptalk"-habitually
ending their statements on a high note as if asking humans is, of course, that human society
a question-rule themselves out on the grounds changes rapidly.
thatthey sound tentative and juvenile. (4) Good posture makes people act like leaders as
each word given below choose the correct well as look like them.
For
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 and 3
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
provided: (c) Only 1 and 4 (d) All of these
t)uptalk 7. Which of the following statement is FALSE in the
a) Aptly (b) Loud context of the passage?
) Talk upP (d) High (a) The typical chief executive is mostly similar to
i) stereotype Gorillas.
(a) Pattern (b) Same (b) It is found that voice quality account for 23%
c) Difference (d) Example of listeners
ii) rely (c) Height, quality of sounds posture are
a) Doubt (b) Depend negativeindicators
e) Ignore (d) Surmise (d) Both (a) and (b)
92 IcSE CHAPTERWISE MCQs (English -1)-X
in r e t u r n
for something l r r i t a t e d with anger he
had not BVen
w h e n she had

Passage 14 st
Just Tmed
him anything? the bowl of
ricoO
King Hutamasan felt he had everything in
the
home and gave
his wife e.
e n t r a n c e . His wife o
then
he
world not only due to his riches and
his noble
he s a w a
sack at the
it there. He
said some
knights, but because of his
beautiful queen, Rani
men
had come and kept
his hand ins
opene
of the sun were put to shame rice. He put
Matsya. The rays caught it fullofof
to find hold a hard metal only to discoven
Was
illuminated,
with the iridescent light that Matsya the sack
hand of he upturned
with her beauty and brains. At the right a
coin. Elated
gold the five rice owa
him in all his exact for
the king she was known to sit and aid five gold
coins in
Ra
entire bowl, thought
judicial probes. You could not escape
her deep-set
she always only I had given
my
sack full of gold.
Raman
when you committed a crime as had
a
eyes I would have the
knew the victim and the culprit. Her generosity below choose
and her 1. For each
word given
trom the opti
correc
preceded her reputation in the kingdom (as used in
meaning
the passage)
ptions
in the
hands were always full to give. People
provided:
kingdom revered her because if she passed by
she always gave to the compassionate and poor. ) galloped (b) stumbled
lived man (a) hurtled
Far away from the kingly palace
a

and (d) jumped

named Raman, with only ends to his poverty (c) ran
it. Raman wrecked with
no means to rectity was
(i) revered
land to the landlord. (b) feared
poverty as he had lost all his (a) remembered
him little towards manual labour, (d) embraced
His age enabled
alternative to salvage his (c) respected
so begging
was the only
wife and children. he went door
Every morning (ii) elated
work, food and money. The (a) afraid (b) poor
to door for some

kindness of people always got him enough to

take (d) depressed
(c) happy
self-centred. His
home. But Raman was a little
world began with him first, followed by his
family(av) salvage (b) forfeit
(a) raise
to his
and the rest. So he would eat and drink (d) chaff
whatever he found (c)abandon
delight and return home with which of the following
and he never let 2. According to the passage,
excess. This routine followed
interests as he always put on
is definitely true about Rani Matsya?
anyone discover his
face when he reached home. One day as he She was beautiful
(a)
a long received
was relishing the bowl of rice he had just (b) She was intelligent
from a humble home, he heard that Rani Matsya
was to pass from the very place he was standing.
(c) None of the above
(d) All of the above
Her generosity had reached his ears and he knew 3. What does the phrase 'pulled a long face', as used
if he pulled a long face and showed how poor he
coins- in the passage mean?
was, she would hand him a bag full of gold
(a) Scratched his face
enough for the rest of his life, enough buy food
to
and supplies for his family. He thought he could (b) Looked very sorrowful
keep some coins for himself and only reveal a few (c) Disguised himself
to his wife, so he can fulfill his own wishes. He ran
(d) Put on makeup
to the chariot of the Rani and begged her soldiers 4. What can possibly be the moral of the
to allow him to speak to the queen. Listening to story?
the arguments outside Rani Matsya opened the (a) Do onto others as you would want others
curtains of her chariot and asked Raman what he do to you.
wanted. Raman went on his knees and praised (b) Patience is a virtue.
the queen, "I have heard you are most generous (c) Winning is not everything, it is the journg
and most chaste, show this beggar some charity. that counts.
Rani narrowed her brows and asked Raman what
(d)Change is the only constant thing in life
he could give her in return. Surprised by such a
5. Why was begging the only option for Raman
question, Raman looked at his bowl full of rice.
get food?
With spite in him he just picked up a few grains
of rice and gave it to her. Rani Matsya counted (a) Ramarn belonged to a
family of beggars.
the five grains and looked at his bowl full of (b) ain
Begging was the easiest way for him to oD
rice and said, "You shall be given what is due food.
to you." Saying this, the chariot
galloped away.
Raman abused her under his breath. This he
(c) Raman's family had forced him to beg
o oldu
never (d) He had lost all his property and was
thought would happen. How could she ask him
do manual work.
too
 Comprehension93

the
Nhich o f t h e
following woOrds can be
used to individuals,
identifies the needs of
e s c r i b eK a m a n ?

of students. It to classroom
instruction and
A)Deceitful (B) Selfish adapting technology It requires
in the
tracking of student development.
needs of students
Timid

reveal the
a) Only(A) (b) Only (B) eachers to accurately relevant technology to
in order to determine the
and(B) (d) Only (B) and curriculum and to
track the results

O n l y(A) (C) apply to the

r Choose e word which 1s most to determine the
effectiveness of the m e a s u r e s .
meaning to REVEAL as used in the passage. opposite in n e w field in
fairly
Educational technology is
a
teachers are
(b) conceal the education sector,
and not all
(a) stop
such technologically-
(0present (d) pending ready to start implementing education has
the cost of
driven plans. However, like online
5
with options
s5age

S1gnificantly reduced, the need to buy

many people like tO
rely aegrees and by eliminating scholarly articles
AIhoaf teaching, the possibilities traditional
on
that open physical textbooks. By accessing for example, you
hen bochnology is
brought into the classroom Trom your university's database, from
Wdless. For one, access to education has been can choose to continue your
easily
studies

afeantly broadened as a result, including a another country or without leaving your

home.

sgnge of learning styles and degree options.

wide r Students don't even need to
enroll in a full degree
the
you are not a student or an to learn from the best universities in
Even education program
cional,
protess
it is crucial to note the
importance World. Typically, free for students,
most academic

technology in education. To really utilize versions of bookss

journals will offer full digital
tools, teachers should ask Even if you are not
these tools, themselves why originally produced in print.
hudents want technology in the classroomn, involved in the education
students
Currently studying or
can be
just why they need it. It can definitely help
not) community, various articles, videos, etc.,
the
ucation professionals in the monitoring of individual downloaded right to your phone, making
accessible as well
easily
ierelopment arnd innovatrve lesson planning: but the learning process both
as mobile. Because of technology, education is
students who learn through technology can create
1 set of skills that will help them throughout their becoming more flexible and accessible. We have
seen a growing popularity of online degrees and
OUn future Careers. lechnology simplifies access
toeducational resources. Since students already mobile learning, physical boundaries have been
relyon technology in their everyday lives, why removed, and many executives have embraced
notintegrate it into the classroom? Children technology to supplement the further education
today frequently use their smartphones and of their employees.
tablets outside of school hours, and should be 1. For each word given below choose the correct
trusted with the responsibility during school as meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
well.Many believe that it actually helps students provided:
stay engaged during class by using a familiar ) frequently
tool for academic learning. By incorporating (a) repeating (6) regularly
modern technology like artificial intelligence, for (c) habit (d) casually
instance, teachers can develop more creative and (ii) eliminating
innovative lesson plans to hold the attention of (a) accomplish (b) adaptive
theirclasses. Not to mention, as new methods of (c) removal (d) regulating
teaching develop, so does the need for specialzed (ii) crucial
professionals both within and outside of the (a) pivotal (b) testing
education field. Many believe that technology
(c) setling (d) searching
Can enhance individual learning, removing
ediucational boundaries that teachers may face. It
2. Why do students need technology in the
classroom?
ldDles online education, distance learning, and
(i) It helps students prepare for their future
Ccess to up-to-date information. Because each
careers
tudent interprets this information differently,
can enable more research into subjects
(i) Technology helps the students to
tha8y
that are
a more difficult to learn. They can learn at simultaneously pertorm many activities.
their ov pace. Thus, Educational Technology is a (ii) Technological goods help students stay
resources engaged during class.
ddc approach to the processes and
ing, educational technology, or Ed Tech, (a) Only () (b) Both (G) and (i)
zes technology to improve the performance (c) Both () and (i) (d) Only (ii)
94 | ICSE CHAPTERWISE MCQs(English-1)-X
to start imple
3. How does
professionals?
technology aid specialized
are ready
technologically-driven plans plementin
(a) Only () (b) Only (i)
(a) Specialized professionals can tap (d) All of thes
education (c) Only (ii) and (1i) e
opportunities within and outside
field 7. Which of the following statementt

(6) teachers can develop more creative and according to the passage?
innovative lesson plans (0) Education is becoming more Tigid
inaccessible.
() They can conveniently follow the conventional of
methods (i1) There is a growing popularity onlinea
(d) Both (a) and (b)
and mobile learning. edeg
4. How does technology benefit students in their (ii) Many believe thattechnology can
individual learning, removing educa
enha
learning? boundaries that teachers may face ucalti
(a) they gain access to up-to-date information (b) Only (i) and (i)
(b) Students can learn at their own pace (a) Only ()
(d) None of these
(C) They can further research the subjects that are (c) Only () and (ii)
8. What does the author say aboOut the possibil
difficult to learn.
that open when technology is brought to
(d) All of these
classroom? Which of the following combina
5. What could be the barrier while implementing of sentences best summarizes the answer?
educational technology? (a) For one access to education is significan
(a) Teachers could be more hesitant while broadened, resulting in a wide ra
adapting technologically driven plan
of learning styles and degree optio
(b) Most of the students cannot afford
Technology in the classroom can h
technological goods educational professionals in the monito
(c) Parents are dubious while selecting of individual development, and innovat
technological plans lesson planning. Technology simplifies acq
(d) Technology has several ill effects on the to educational resources.
mental and physical health of the students (b) Children use their smart phones and tabl
6. Which of the following statement is TRUE out of school hours. Educational technolg
according to the passage? is a fairly new field and not all teach
) Many people like to rely on traditional are ready to start implementa tion of su
methods of teaching technologically driven plans. 6.
(i) Educational Technology is a systematic (c) We have seen a growing popularity
approach to the processes and resources of online degrees and mobile learning. Physi
teaching, educational technology. boundaries have been removed and ma 7.
ii) Educational technology is a fairly new field executives have embraced technology
in the education sector, and not all teachers supplement the further education of the 8.
students.

Answers
Passage 1 6. (d) Economic debility in turn inhibits polito
1. () (d) Dangerous freedom
(ii) (b) Indigence 7. (c) The widespread concern about war a Pass
(ii) (a) weak and delicate violence provides a rationale for pove1, (
removal that appeals to the
2. (d) Famines and starvation do not necessarily 'self-interest
result in political rebellion. persons
3. (d) There is no necessary link between poverty 8. (c) Global poverty and inequality are in
of most people.
the min2 (
and inequality. Poverty removal is
way to eliminate turmoil and strife. Ihet
seen a
4. (d) Basing anti-poverty programmes on the need
3. (
for avoidance of violence and strife is dotted an
indirect justification of poverty remol
with many pitfalls. not for its own sake but for maintainingpe
.
5. (c) Substantiate his assertion that it is not unusual and order. (d
to have the most intense Passage 2
suffering and misery
coexist with complete peace. 5. (6
1. 6) (b)
rigid