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\title{Kinematic Condition and Linearized Equations of Motion}

\author{}
\date{}
\maketitle

% Kinematic Condition Equation (8.2.1)

\begin{equation}
\Phi_x f_x + \Phi_y f_y + f_t = \Phi_z, \quad z = f(x, y, t).
\end{equation}

% Expansion in powers of wave slope (8.2.2)

\begin{equation}
z = f^{(0)}(x, y) + \epsilon f^{(1)}(x, y, t) + \epsilon^2 f^{(2)}(x, y, t) + \
cdots,
\end{equation}

% Velocity potential expansion (8.2.3)

\begin{equation}
\Phi = \epsilon \Phi^{(1)} + \epsilon^2 \Phi^{(2)} + \cdots.
\end{equation}

% To the order O(ε) (8.2.4)

\begin{equation}
\phi^{(1)}_x f^{(0)}_x + \phi^{(1)}_y f^{(0)}_y + f^{(1)}_t = \phi^{(1)}_z \
text{ on } z = f^{(0)}(x, y).
\end{equation}

% Center of rotation (8.2.5)

\begin{equation}
X(t) = X^{(0)} + \epsilon X^{(1)}(t) + \epsilon^2 X^{(2)}(t) + \cdots, \quad X =
(X, Y, Z), \text{ and so on},
\end{equation}

% Relation between coordinate systems (8.2.6)

\begin{equation}
x = \bar{x} + \epsilon[X^{(1)} + \theta^{(1)} \times (\bar{x} - X^{(0)})] + O(\
epsilon^2).
\end{equation}

% In terms of x (8.2.7a-d)
\begin{align}
\bar{x} &= x - \epsilon[X^{(1)} + \beta(z - Z^{(0)}) - \gamma(y - Y^{(0)})], \\
\bar{y} &= y - \epsilon[Y^{(1)} + \gamma(x - X^{(0)}) - \alpha(z - Z^{(0)})], \\
\bar{z} &= z - \epsilon[Z^{(1)} + \alpha(y - Y^{(0)}) - \beta(x - X^{(0)})].
\end{align}

% f(1) calculation (8.2.9)

\begin{multline}
f^{(1)} = Z^{(1)} + \alpha(y - Y^{(0)}) - \beta(x - X^{(0)}) \\
- f^{(0)}_x [X^{(1)} + \beta(z - Z^{(0)}) - \gamma(y - Y^{(0)})] \\
- f^{(0)}_y [Y^{(1)} + \gamma(x - X^{(0)}) - \alpha(z - Z^{(0)})].
\end{multline}

% First-order kinematic condition (8.2.10)

\begin{multline}
-\Phi^{(1)}_x f^{(0)}_x - \Phi^{(1)}_y f^{(0)}_y + \Phi^{(1)}_z \\
= -f^{(0)}_x [X^{(1)}_t + \beta_t(z - Z^{(0)}) - \gamma_t(y - Y^{(0)})] \\
- f^{(0)}_y [Y^{(1)}_t + \gamma_t(x - X^{(0)}) - \alpha_t(z - Z^{(0)})] \\
+ Z^{(1)}_t + \alpha_t(y - Y^{(0)}) - \beta_t(x - X^{(0)}).
\end{multline}

% Unit normal vector n (8.2.11)

\begin{equation}
n = (-f^{(0)}_x, -f^{(0)}_y, 1)\left[1 + (f^{(0)}_x)^2 + (f^{(0)}_y)^2\right]^{-\
frac{1}{2}},
\end{equation}

% Alternative expression (8.2.12)

\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial \Phi^{(1)}}{\partial n} = X^{(1)}_t \cdot n + \theta^{(1)}_t \cdot
[(x - X^{(0)}) \times n].
\end{equation}

% Six-dimensional vectors (8.2.13a-b)

\begin{align}
\{X_\alpha\}^T &= \{X^{(1)}, Y^{(1)}, Z^{(1)}, \alpha, \beta, \gamma\} = \{X^{(1)},
\theta^{(1)}\}, \\
\{n_\alpha\}^T &= \{n_1, n_2, n_3, -[n_2(z - Z^{(0)}) - n_3(y - Y^{(0)})], \\
&\quad - [n_3(x - X^{(0)}) - n_1(z - Z^{(0)})], \notag \\
&\quad - [n_1(y - Y^{(0)}) - n_2(x - X^{(0)})]\} = \{n, (x - X^{(0)}) \times n\}.
\end{align}

% Equation (8.2.14)
\begin{equation}
\frac{\partial \Phi^{(1)}}{\partial n} = \sum_{\alpha=1}^{6} (X_\alpha)_t n_\alpha
= \{X_t\}^T \{n\}.
\end{equation}

% Order O(ε^2) correction (Exercise 8.1)

\begin{multline}
\phi^{(2)}_x f^{(0)}_x + \phi^{(2)}_y f^{(0)}_y + f^{(2)}_t = \phi^{(2)}_z - (\
phi^{(1)}_x f^{(1)}_x + \phi^{(1)}_y f^{(1)}_y) \\
+ f^{(1)}(\phi^{(1)}_{zz} - \phi^{(1)}_{xz} f^{(0)}_x - \phi^{(1)}_{yz} f^{(0)}_y).
\end{multline}

\end{document}