This document summarizes various organic compounds categorized by their functional groups. It provides the name, structure, and common uses for 14 different compounds including paraffins, ethyl chloride, chloroform, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, cetosteryl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, and glycerol. The compounds find applications as solvents, fuels, refrigerants, degreasers, preservatives, and in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and other industries.
Original Description:
Structure and uses of all the compouds in B.Pharmacy II Sem
This document summarizes various organic compounds categorized by their functional groups. It provides the name, structure, and common uses for 14 different compounds including paraffins, ethyl chloride, chloroform, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, cetosteryl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, and glycerol. The compounds find applications as solvents, fuels, refrigerants, degreasers, preservatives, and in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and other industries.
This document summarizes various organic compounds categorized by their functional groups. It provides the name, structure, and common uses for 14 different compounds including paraffins, ethyl chloride, chloroform, tetrachloroethylene, dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, cetosteryl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, and glycerol. The compounds find applications as solvents, fuels, refrigerants, degreasers, preservatives, and in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and other industries.
Functional Name of S/No. Structure Uses Group Compound 1 Paraffins C17H36 As a emollient, Skin Lubricating Agent, For Alkanes determining M.P./ B.P., Cosmetics, Wax Polishes in shoes and Vehicles. 2 Ethyl Chloride -Tetraethyl Lead (TEL) is used as anti-knock in gasoline additive, -Its react with aluminium to use as a precursor of many polymers compounds, - Refrigerant, - Blowing agents for foam packaging, -Aerosol spray propellent, -precursor for styrene monomers, -Anaesthetics, -Treat with cellulose to produce ethyl cellulose as a thickening and binding agents in paints. 3 Chloroform -Its react with HF to get Monochlorodifluoromethane Alkyl Halides is a precursor to produce Teflon, -It is used as a solvent for Fat, oils, rubbers, resins, alkaloids, Gutta-percha etc. -It is used as CDCl3 as a solvent in NMR spectroscopy -Used in rubber industry, Grain fumigant and in Fire extinguishers. 4 Trichloroethylene -Dry cleaning solvent -To extract vegetable oils from plants -In food industries as flavoring extracts from hops and spices -To clean kerosene- fueled rocket engines -In industrial refrigeration. 5 Tetrachloroethylene -As a dry cleaning solvent -Degrease metal parts in automobile, -Paint strippers & Spot removers. 6 Dichloromethane -Paint strippers and Degreaser -Decaffeinate coffee and tea -Prepare extract of hops and other flavoring - Aerosol spray propellants -Blowing agents and Polyurethane foams. 7 Tetrachloromethane It is mainly used as a solvent in IR and NMR spectroscopy It is a source of chlorine in Appel reaction. It is used as organic non- polar solvent. 8 Iodoform -It is a source of Iodine, -In hospitals disinfectants -It’s a chloroform analogous 9 Ethyl Alcohol CH3CH2OH -As low temp. fluid -As maintain the feed stock -As antiseptics -As Antidote -As medicinal & Organic solvent -Acid secretion is increased in stomach due to ethanol -As fuel in automobiles -As Engine fuel, Gasoline -As Rocket fuel -As Alcoholic drink 10 Methyl Alcohol CH3OH -As a feedstock of manufacturing the chemicals -As a laboratory solvent Alcohols -As a analytical use of solvent specially in HPLC/LC/UV-Vis/IR/NMR and many more analytical techniques -As a fuel for vehicles -As a Energy carrier 11 Chlorobutanol -As a preservative -As a hypnotics -As a Sedative -0.05% with water retain antimicrobial activity -As a local anaesthetics 12 Cetosteryl Alcohol CH3(CH2)nCH2OH; -It is commonly used in hair n=variable, Viz. conditioners and other hair 14-16 products. -As a emollient to protect the skin moist - As a foam boosting surfactant -As a emulsion stabilizer -As a opacifying agents -In aq. and non-aq. viscosity increasing agents 13 Benzyl Alcohol -General solvent used for inks, waxes, shellac, paints, lacquers & epoxy coating resins; -As a precursor of ester used in soap, perfume and flavor industries; -In Leather, Resins and Dye Industries; -Main ingredient in all the cosmetics preparation; -As a bacteriostatic preservatives; - used in the mfg of nanowires; 14 Glycerol -As humectants, solvents, sweetener & to preserve the food; Cough syrups, Elixir, Expectorant, Toothpaste, Mouthwashes & Hair care products; -As a antifreeze agent -As a Suppositories used as laxatives, e-cigarettes preparation, Hair gel etc. 15 Propylene Glycol - used as chemical feedstock for the production of unsaturated polyester resins. - used as a Humectants. - As preservatives in food and for Tobaco products. Used as Pharmaceutical Solvent such as Diazepam and Lorazepam are not dissolved in water. 16 Formaldehyde HCHO -Used as a common precursor to more complex compounds and materials Carbonyl like Resins and many Compound more. -Used in Textile industry -Used in Organic synthetic applications. -Used in Disinfectant and biocide. -Used in Tissue fixative, embalming agent, Drug testing and Photography.
17 Paraldehyde -Used as Central Nervous
2,4,6-trimethyl- System depressant and 1,3,5-trioxane effective as anticonvulsant, hypnotic and sedative. - It was included in some cough medicines as an expectorant -Used as Anti-seizure -Used in the Parental preparations. -It is used in Resins Manufacture. 18 Acetone -Largely it is used as Solvent and rest is used as acetone Cyanohydrin, a precursor to Methyl Methacrylate. - used in chemical peeling -Used in skin cleaner and excess fat removed in a process called defatting. -Acetone as Septisol is used for that purpose. 19 Chloral Hydrate -Treatment in Insomnia as a Hypnotics -Building block in Organic Synthesis. 20 Hexamine -As a Mandelic acid salt it is used in the UTI, -It is used as Histological stains like fungal organisms. - Used in the Military Rations as burns smokeless. -Used in the food preservatives, Explosives and as a regent in Organic synthesis. 21 Benzaldehyde -It is often used to confer the Almond Flavor in food industry. -As pharmaceutical and Plastic industry additives. -It is also employed as a Honey Bee repellent. - It is also used as a Precursor of many medicinal compounds. 22 Vaniline - The largest use is as a flavoring, usually in sweet foods. The Ice cream and Chocolate together comprise 75% and in small % is for confectionary and baked goods -It is also used in the fragrance industry, in perfumes and to mask unpleasant odors or tastes in medicines. -It is used as livestock fodder, and cleaning products. -Can be used as a general- purpose stain for developing TLC plates to aid in visualizing components 23 Cinnamaldehyde -As a Flavoring in Chewing gum, Candy, Ice-cream and Beverages. -Used as Food Adulterants -It is also used as Fungicide. -It is also used Corrosion inhibitor in Steel and other ferrous alloys. -Used in the anti-obesity drug in the mice. 24 Acetic Acid CH3COOH -It is largely used to produce Vinyl Acetate monomers; it is used as Vinegar for Condiments and pickling the vegetables. -Production of Acetic anhydride. - Its injection is used to treat the Cancer and screening for Carboxylic the cervical Cancer. Acid -WHO declared the main drug for the Otitis externa.
25 Lactic Acid -Used in the Exercise lactate
-As Brain Metabolism, Food Industries, Blood testing, Polymer precursor, Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic applications, Detergents. 26 Tartaric Acid -Mainly it is used in Wines, - Tartaric acid also has several applications for industrial use. -It is used to chelate metal ions. Therefore, it has served in the farming and metal industries as a chelating agent for complexing micronutrients in soil. - It can also employed in Cough and Expectorant 27 Citric Acid -It is largely used in the Food and Beverages Industries. It is also employed as cleansing and chelating the metals. -In Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals, Dietary Supplements. -Can be used to develop the photographic film 28 Succinic Acid -It is used as precursor of many polymers like polysters, Resins and Solvents. -As an Acidity regulators in food and beverages industry -It is used as Excipient in many drugs. -Act as Flavoring agents -Active role in Inflammation, Tumorigenesis and Ischemia Re-perfusion injury. 29 Oxalic Acid -Act as Mordant in Dyeing process, It is also used as Bleaches -It is basically used as Rust- removing agents -Its clean the marble Sculpture, Iron and Mangnese deposit. 30 Salicylic Acid -It is used as a food preservative, a bactericidal and an antiseptic. It is famous to synthesize the Aspirin molecule by the acetylation on Salicylic acid. -Used as a painkiller as methyl salicylates. 31 Benzoic Acid -Used as Nylon Synthesis -Precursor of Plasticizers - Precursor of Sodium Benzoate which is a major Food preservative -It is used as Whitfield Ointment which is cured a variety of Fungal Infection -It is also employed as Analgesic, Expectoant and Antiseptic. -It is commonly used for the calibration of Thermometre. 32 Benzyl Benzoate -It is commonly employed in human Scabies -In Asthama and Whooping cough, it is used as Vasodialating and Spasmolytic. It is also used in veterinary scabies. -As mosquitoes repellent and used in the perfume industries 33 Dimethyl phthalate -It is used as an insect repellent for mosquitoes and flies. It is also an ectoparasiticide and has many other uses, including in solid rocket propellants, and plastics. 34 Methyl Salicylate -It is used in high concn. in Rubefacient & Analgesic to treat joint and muscular pain. -stronger for acute pain than chronic pain, and that effectiveness may be due entirely to counter-irritation. -It is used as flavoring agent in chewing gum and mints. - It provides fragrance to various products and as an odor-masking agent. -It is used in small amounts, to lower the freezing point of glacial acetic acid for transport. 35 Acetyl Salicylic Acid -It is mainly employed for the Headache, Pain, Fever, (Aspirin_ Dispirin) Inflammation, Heart attacks and Strokes, Cancer Prevention, Acute Rheumatic Fever. 36 Ethanolamine It is used in the pH regulators in cosmetics -For the preparation of Emulsion -It is also used in the Hemorrhoids. 37 Ethylenediamine -It’s basically a Chelating agent as EDTA - It is commercially employed as many Fungicides. -It’s a ingredient of Aliphatic Bronchodialator drug, used Amines in the Antihistaminics -It is also employed in the role of Polymers -Used as a Solvent with polar compounds EDDI used as Animal feed as a source of Iodine. 38 Amphetamine -It’s a potent CNS Stimulant for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Depression, Chronic pain etc.