Heat Transfer

Lecture 1
 CONTENTS

Introduction

 Why we need heat transfer

 Important concepts

 Unit Operations

 Difference between heat and temperature

 System of units

 What is heat transfer?

 Difference between thermodynamics and heat transfer

Modes of heat transfer

 OBJECTIVES

 Recognize some of the important concepts normally used in heat transfer.

 Understand how thermodynamics and heat transfer are related to each other.

 Distinguish thermal energy from other forms of energy, and heat transfer from
other forms of energy transfer

 Understand why heat transfer is important and highly needed nowadays .

 Distinguish between the different modes of heat transfer.

3
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
 Important concepts

Unit Operations

What is unit operations?

- A complex chemical process can be divided in elemental stages involving physical

or chemical transformations.

- Stages where materials suffer physical changes are called unit operations.

- If transformations of a chemical nature are involved, they are usually called unit
processes.

For more explanations, let us consider the system in the following figure:
Unit operations normally are classified in three groups:

 Momentum-transfer operations

(They are associated with variations in system pressure, momentum, and kinetic
energy due to the action of pumps or compressors or mechanical separations such
as filtration, centrifugation, etc.)

 Heat transfer operations

(Subject of this Module)

 Mass-transfer operations

(one or more components of a multi-component system are transferred between two

phases; e.g. absorption, distillation, solvent extraction, etc.)
Heat and temperature

WHAT IS TEMPERATURE?

• Temperature is a measure of the amount of energy possessed by the molecules of a

substance.

• It is a relative measure of how hot or cold a substance is.

• The symbol for temperature is T.

• The common scales for measuring temperature are the Fahrenheit, Rankine,
Celsius, and Kelvin temperature scales.
 WHAT IS HEAT?

•Heat is the total internal kinetic energy due to molecular motion in an object.

•Heat is energy in transition.

•The transfer of energy as heat occurs at the molecular level as a result

of a temperature difference.

• The symbol for heat is Q. Common units for measuring heat are the (Btu)

in the English system of units and the (W) in the SI system.

 HEAT Vs TEMPERATURE

What is the difference between heat and temperature?

 HEAT AND OTHER FORMS OF ENERGY

 Energy can exist in numerous forms such as:

 thermal,
 mechanical,
 kinetic,
 potential,
 electrical,
 magnetic,
 chemical,
 nuclear.
 Their sum constitutes the total energy E (or e on a unit mass basis) of a system.
 The sum of all microscopic forms of energy is called the internal energy of a
system.
HEAT TRANSFER
HEAT TRANSFER
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THERMODYNAMICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER
MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER
 Convection

Involves the transfer of heat by molecular motion, i.e. by the mixing

and motion of macroscopic portions of a fluid (liquid or gas).

 Radiation

Involves the transfer of heat by electromagnetic radiation (rays or waves

or particles).
 Quiz

What is thermal energy?

What is the difference between thermal

energy and heat?