Big Bang Theory

Theoretical Origin of the Universe

- most widely accepted among scientists

at the present
• You are under no obligation to
believe this theory.
• It is one possible explanation
for the origin of the universe.
Evidences - Redshift and CMBR

Galactic Red-Shift
CMB Radiation
The CMB is a result of high
energy radiation being
redshifted over billions of years
Measuring Galactic
Speed & Distance
 Hubble’s law & The Age of the Universe
Hubble observed that light from more distant galaxies
was shifted further towards the red end of the spectrum
compared to closer galaxies.
From this observation he concluded that galaxies or
stars which are further away from the Earth are moving
faster than galaxies which are closer.
As the equation shows, the Hubble Constant, H0 is defined as:
The ratio of the speed at which the galaxy is moving away from
the Earth, to its distance from the Earth.
Self assessment
B
Big Bang Theory - Conclusion

• Main Premise:
→ the universe began with a gigantic
explosion 10-29 billion years ago

→ nothing existed before this → NO

time, NO space

→ out of nothingness came everything in

the universe and it started to expand
Origin of Big Bang theory

→ Authored and thought of by

several scientists based on
work of Hubble’s red shift
 Timeline:

1. Dime sized densely packed piece

of matter (containing all the
matter in the universe) appeared
out of the nothingness and
exploded
Timeline:

2. Expansion of the universe

during the first few seconds
after the big bang, cooled the
created matter enough for
protons, neutrons, and
electrons to form as free
particles, but not to
become stable atoms
Timeline:

3. After ~1million years → the

expansion and cooling allowed
hydrogen to form
- now hydrogen is the most
abundant element in the known
universe
Timeline:

4. This allowed the formation of

other elements, then stars,
planets, etc.
Timeline:

5. Eventually life evolved from

non-living precursors, and
eventually into the life
we see on Earth.
Evidence:

→ Cosmic Microwave Background

Radiation(CMBR) is evidence used in
support of the theory.
- faint radiation left over from the
explosion itself
→ Red shift of wavelengths of light
from distant galaxies