Morilla's Group

BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
email: shs_stc@yahoo.com
Extent of Awareness and Implementation of RA 9003
In Saint Theresa College of Tandag, Inc.
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
For the Practical Research 2
By:
Morrila, Christlei
Mula, Lugille
Lico, Daren
Plamos, Hazel
Ramos, Jessa
Pacheco, John Llyod
Lumanao, Jastine
Sablas, Eva
January 08, 2024
1
CHAPTER 1
Background of the Study
The Republic Act No. 9003, widely known as the Ecological
Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, mandates the
implementation of a systematic, comprehensive, and
environmentally friendly SWM program. It also offers the
necessary policy framework, institutional procedures, and
mandate to Local Government Units (LGU) for reducing waste
by constructing an integrated solid waste management
strategy based on the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, and recycle).
Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is considered to be
one of the most serious environmental issues in the
Philippines. Galarpe (2017) cited that the continuous use of
landfills and dumpsites is prevalent because of the gaps in
the implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management
Act of 2000.
Every minute, an estimated one million plastic water bottles
are purchased globally, and fewer than half of them are
recycled (Laville and Taylor, 2017). According to Sandin,
G., Miliutenko, S., Liptow, C., (2020), Single-use plastic
beverage bottles are a significant environmental issue,
contributing to littering on beaches and marine ecosystems.
2
Additionally, poor management of solid waste may cause
health hazards to inhabitants, environmental problems such
as water and soil contamination, air pollution and flooding,
and other socio-economic problems (Qdais, 2017). Given that
waste management is a critical component of environmental
conservation. Its goal is to provide hygienic efficient, and
cost-effective solid waste storage, collection,
transportation, and waste treatment or disposal without
contaminating the atmosphere, land, or water system.
However, burning the recyclable materials together with the
solid waste still exist. The use of eco bags is being
practiced by the communities when they are shopping or
marketing because the municipality prohibits the use of
plastic bags (Almazan & Vargas, 2016).
This study is limited to students in Saint Theresa
College of Tandag Inc. This attempt will investigate and
provide enough information so that the Implementation of RA
9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
can be applied effectively in the institution, as well as
provide students and the staff opinions, which is the
purpose of alternative policies and what distinguishes our
research.
3
Assessing the Implementation of RA 9003 can aid the school's
neatness and implement eco-friendly practices for students.
It can also provide a harmonious academic environment in
which they're able to focus exclusively on their studies and
extracurricular activities. In general, this study is
designed to demonstrate the various alternative policies for
plastic water bottles at Saint Theresa College of Tandag. As
a result, the expected outcome of our research is to apply
effective policies and procedures to resolve and understand
the favorable and negative aspects of the aforementioned
issues.
Theoretical Framework
Two theories have been proposed to explain the
relationship between alternative policies to increase
regarding of plastic water bottle and the research study.
The first theory is the theory of reasoned action of
Fishbein and Ajzen 1975 and it was supported by Constanze
Rossmann 2020 and Martin S. Hagger 2020. The theory of
reasoned action suggests that individuals have a high
intention to perform a particular action if they perceive it
positively and believe that others believe they should
(Sutton 2001). This theory has been widely applied to design
4
and assess the effectiveness of communication interventions,
particularly in waste management (Nguyen et al. 2018). In
the waste management domain, the study focuses on reducing
single-use plastic consumption among youths by targeting
individuals' intentions, attitudes, and subjective norms.
Educational campaigns can influence individuals' intention
to switch to reusable alternatives and participate in
efforts to promote recovery and recycling of single-use
plastic waste. Additionally, educational campaigns can
enhance knowledge and awareness of plastic alternatives and
recycling, influencing individuals' beliefs about how others
would feel about their decision to give up single-use
plastics. Some actions are not just influenced by intentions
but also by the availability of relevant skills,
opportunities and resources (Ajzen 1991; Boldero 1995;
Sommer 2011).
The Eco-innovation theory. According to the theory that
was proposed by Claude Fussler and Peter James in their 1996
The initial scope of eco-innovation includes in part the
productions and processes, then on the improvement of the
management system, the creation of new markets, material
flows and social eco-innovation (Jang E.K., Park M.S., Roh
5
T.W., and Han K.J.,2015). Eco-innovation is well-defined as
“all measures of relevant actors which develop new behavior,
new ideas, process and products, to apply or introduce them
in the attainment of ecologically specified sustainability
targets that contributes to lessen environmental burdens”
(Kuo T., and Smith, S., 2018). Simply stated, eco-innovation
is innovation in “any form”, which is beneficial to the
environment (Bossle, M.B., Dutra de Barcellos, et. al.
2016). Cross-disciplinary technological trials related to
eco-innovations are the furthermost precarious and
problematic issues when a city or organization moves toward
sustainability. Effective eco-innovations lead the way
towards sustainable development based on the Triple Bottom
Line Sustainability (Kuo T., and Smith, S., 2018). The
benefits of eco-innovation other than complying
environmental regulations will also improve economic aspect,
the competitiveness of companies and countries by supporting
the creation of a new market for green growth products and
processes, corresponding employment effects and so on (Jang
E.K., Park M.S., Roh T.W., and Han K.J.,2015). Hence, the
execution of multidisciplinary systems and technologies
concerning eco-innovation is the road toward sustainability.
6
Conceptual Framework
The researchers of the study will be using the IDO or
the independent, dependent, output variables for this study.
In the first box it discusses the profiles of the
respondents in terms of Grade level and the students strand
and it also carries the assessment of RA 2003 in reducing
and recycling plastic waste. The second box only prioritizes
the dependent variables or the effects of RA 9003 to the
students of Saint Theresa College of Tandag, Inc. The third
box also focuses only for one variable which is the output
variable that talks about the Implementing eco-friendly
policies and practices that fosters a responsible waste
management and environmental stewardship.
7
I. Profile of the
responders in
respondent in terms
of: Implementing
Effects of
Grade level eco-friendly
RA 9003 to
Strand policies and
the
II. Assessing the practices,
institution’
implementing of the RA fostering a
s
9003 in Saint Theresa responsible
environmenta
College of Tandag, waste
l
Inc. in terms of: management and
sustainabili
-Classroom Bin System environmental
ty.
-Waste Segregation stewardship.
-Student Environmental
Clubs
-Recycling Competition
Figure 1: Schematic Diagram
8
Statement of the Problem
This study is to assess the Implementation of RA 9003
to reduce the usage of plastic and to promote and improved
increased recycling of plastic water within Saint Theresa
College of Tandag, Inc.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms
of:
I.I. Grade level
I.I.I Grade 11
I.I.II. Grade 12
I.II. Strand
I.II.I. STEM
I.II.II. ABM
I.II.III. HUMMS
I.II.III. TVL
II. What measures can be implemented to raise awareness
among students about the importance of solid waste
management as mandated by RA 9003?
9
III. What influences participants' decisions to use plastic
water bottles over alternative containers?
IV. What steps can the school partake to enhance waste
segregation practices to align with the requirements of RA
9003?
Significance of the study
This study aims to recycle and reduce plastic bottles
consummation and execute an implementation of RA 9003 in
Saint Theresa College of Tandag. This study is important to
the following:
Students. It will help them with having a great environment
within the school that would lighten their mood and improve
their desire to attend their class.
Teacher. This study will help the teacher as a routine for
their students to promote plastic-free living.
School Canteen. This Study will help the canteen in
decreasing the littering in the cafeteria which will be
convenient to help them keep the surroundings clean.
Institution. This study will help reducing plastic which
will prevent pollution within the institution. With the
10
lowered rate of plastic usage, we can also lessen the
effects of pollution in our environment. This practice will
help keep our surroundings safe and clean.
Parents. It will assure the parents of the students that
their children are in a healthy environment thus making
their children healthy and safe.
Other researcher. This study will help the other researcher
for their future research as their resource to gain
information to conduct a similar and investigate a similar
study.
Scope and Limitation
The proposed study aims to implement the RA 9003 or the
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 within Saint
Theresa College of Tandag, Inc. The scope of the study will
involve assessing current consumption patterns, researching
environmentally friendly alternatives, and gauging the
feasibility of implementing new policies. However,
limitations may arise concerning the willingness of the
school community to adapt to changes, potential budget
constraints for alternative solutions, and the overall
effectiveness of the RA 9003 in curbing plastic usage.
11
Definition of terms
RA 9003. Or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of
2000, is a Philippine law that aims to promote environmental
sustainability through proper solid waste management.
Eco-innovation. Is a type of invention that attempts to show
a clear path towards sustainable growth by reducing impacts
on the environment or through the efficient and responsible
use of natural resources, including energy.
Waste Management. It’s a systematic process used by
organizations to manage, reduce, reuse, and prevent waste,
involving comprehensive strategies from its inception to its
final disposal.
Classroom Bin System. An organized waste segregation
approach implemented within educational institutions. It
involves providing separate bins in classrooms for different
types of waste, such as recyclables, non-recyclables, and
possibly organic waste.
Waste Segregation. The practice of sorting and separating
different types of waste materials at the point of
generation. This categorizes waste into specific bins based
12
on characteristics like recyclability, biodegradability, or
hazardous nature.
Student Environmental Clubs. Are student-led organizations
within educational institutions that focus on promoting
environmental awareness, sustainability, and responsible
practices.
Recycling Competition. An initiative that encourages
individuals or groups to actively participate in recycling
efforts.
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
13
This chapter contains several readings and sources of
information that are very relevant to the present study. It
contains related concepts and ideas that established the
claim why the study is to be conducted.
Related Literature
Foreign
Plastics are the most widely used materials for single-
use applications and packaging purposes due to their
appealing characteristics, such as being lightweight,
transparent, and flexible, with good mechanical and barrier
properties, relatively low cost of production, chemical
inertness, and relative convenience in fabrication, and
handling and hygiene [Gursel, I.V.; Moretti, C.; Hamelin,
L., et. al 2021]. Therefore, the manufacturing and usage of
plastic and its waste have steadily increased over the past
30 years and pose several threats to humans, resources, and
to the ecosystem [Jayalath, G.N.; Thilakarathne, E.P., et.
al. 2021].
Over recent years, the problem of plastic waste has
attracted the attention of academics and practitioners in
relation to the impact that proper waste management and the
14
use of alternative materials could have on the environment
and society.
Prior studies on consumer decision-making and
sustainable packaging have investigated consumers’
preferences and their willingness to pay (WTP) for different
types of packaging, highlighting marked attention of
consumers towards recyclable packaging compared to other
materials as a consequence of a strong awareness and concern
with respect to the impact of plastic on the environment
(Aday, Yener, 2014, Klaiman, Ortega, Garnache, 2016,
Wensing, Caputo, Carraresi, Bröring, 2020).
Moreover, many studies of plastics use and disposal
have been conducted, and the negative impact of plastics on
the environment have been explained in terms of removing
plastics from the environment through recycling and
recovery. In recent times, plastics have become ubiquitous
in the environment, and the need to mitigate the impacts of
plastics pollution has garnered increasing attention
(Xanthos, D., and Walker, T.R., 2017). Solving the problem
of plastic waste in the environment by cleaning up or
dumping plastic waste are not the best choices; recycling
only increases carbon emissions. A more appropriate way to
15
address the waste issue is to reduce the production and
consumption of plastics, especially single-use plastics
(Jensen, F., and Danubrata, E., 2014).
Single-use plastic products (SUPPs) are one of the most
consumed items, globally, and much debate has evolved around
their environmental impact. The most common single-use
plastic waste products are straws, yogurt cups, mega
bottles, lunch sheets, milk packets, meal boxes,
polyethylene bags, sachet packets, and wrappers (Plastic
Waste Management, Country Situation Report—Sri Lanka., 2021)
which need to be managed in an environmentally sound manner.
Therefore, it is crucial to accelerate the sustainability
evaluation, comparison and impact mitigation of single-use
plastic to address the global challenges of climate change
and sustainable development (United Nations Environment
Programme; World Travel & Tourism Council, 2021).
Local
The findings of the study of Paghasian (2017),
"Awareness and Practices on Solid Waste Management among
16
College Students in Mindanao State University Maigo School
of Arts and Trades" showed that the awareness on solid
waste management of the students was high, their practices
in terms of segregation, reduce and recycle were good; and
their practices in terms of recycle and disposal were
fair. The awareness on solid waste management of the
students had no influence on their practices in terms of
disposal however their awareness had affected their
practices specifically on segregation, reduce, reuse, and
recycle. Therefore, most of them were fully aware in the
identification of biodegradable from non- biodegradable
and only few of them were knowledgeable on Republic Act
9003.
Given the context, education is vital to the solid
waste management program. Educating people to waste
management will help them understand of the indiscriminate
disposal of waste to the environment and human health and
empower them to act accordingly (Madrigal & Oracion,
2018).
Cognizant of the significant role of education in
solid waste management, R.A. 9003 mandates Philippine
learning institutions to integrate into their educational
17
activities the awareness and practices of solid waste
management for the environmental education of all members
of the academic community. The introduction or integration
of waste management concepts and themes through
environmental education in school at all levels will
improve the understanding of the members of the academic
community on proper waste management and more likely
change their seemingly unfriendly waste management
behavior and practices (Madrigal & Oracion, 2018)
Madrigal and Oracion (2018) in the study entitled,
"Solid Waste Management Awareness, Attitude, and Practices
in a Philippine Catholic Higher Education Institution"
shared the major findings that the respondents demonstrated
a very high extent of awareness and attitude and high extent
of practice of solid waste management. A significant
difference was found in the awareness, attitude, and
practices of respondents when they were grouped according to
status and religion. Also, the findings established the
relationship between awareness and attitude on one hand and
the extent of practice of solid waste management. Awareness,
attitudes, and practices were significantly related to age
and educational extent, except for sex which showed no
18
correlation with attitude and practices, Generally, this
paper validated how knowledge influences attitude that
subsequently determines behavior particularly in solid waste
management as intervened by appropriate environmental
education.
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
19
This chapter describes the specific procedures or
techniques that we will use to identify, select, process,
and analyze the information gathered about our research. It
will allow our reader to critically evaluate our study's
overall validity and reliability.
Research Design
This research is using descriptive qualitative design.
Descriptive qualitative design involves survey, interview,
and observation to describe status or characteristics
situation. According to (Marsh and Bugusu, 2007), The
massive use of plastics, however, is now at the core of a
heated debated involving scientists, public managers,
politicians, as well as the civil society, due to the
environmental impact caused by the accumulation of plastic
debris into the environment. Moreover (Geyer et al., 2017)
is estimated that, in a time span of 65 years from the 1950s
to 2015, 830 Million tonnes of plastics have been produced.
Of these, only twenty-one percent has been incinerated or
recycled, while the remaining seventy-nine percent has been
disposed in landfills where leakage in the environment
represents a concrete risk. Survey research used to have
20
description of certain group of individuals. (Leal Filho et
al., 2019). However, despite these anticipated benefits,
food and drink packaging is typically conceived to be
rapidly discarded after use, which implies increasing
plastic waste and leakage in the environment. This research
is using survey as research design because this research
purpose is to have description of the effectivity of RA
9003 at school.
Research Locale
Saint Theresa College of Tandag, Inc. is located at
Dagocdoc, City of Tandag, Surigao Del Sur. It is a private
school offering Elementary, High School, College and
Master’s Degree curriculum. But the purpose of this study,
the researchers will be assessing the RA 9003 in Saint
Theresa College of Tandag, Inc.
Research Respondents
21
The study will be conducted at St. Theresa College of
Tandag, Inc., and Senior High School Department specifically
with the students and staff. The data for the list of
students and staff will be taken from the principal’s
office. For this study we will use a number of sample from
the students of senior high Population.
Sampling Technique
The researchers will use the random sampling. The
researchers get the data for the list of students from the
Principal’s Office. The data indicates that students Sample
will then be obtain using Slovin’s Formula.
Research Instrument
As the primary method of data collection, the
researcher will use a questionnaire that has been adapted to
meet the needs of the study to raise awareness. It is a
self-made instrument, and the questions must be answered
depending on the respondents' profiles, Grade level and
strand.
In order to collect the necessary data for the study,
22
the questionnaire is designed to elicit information from the
respondents.
The questionnaire is divided into three sections: the respon
dent's profile; the level of senior high school students' aw
areness of the impact of plastics in the environment;
and the third section, which assesses their knowledge of var
ious alternative policies for recycling plastic water
bottles. And lastly the fourth section, which is the
effectiveness of RA 9003 in the institution.
The researchers will collect the questionnaire as soon as
the respondents have completed it, but they will have had
23
plenty of time to do so. The information will be obtained to
help the researchers gather different strategies to reduce
the consumption of plastic water bottles.
TABLE I
DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS
STC – Tandag City, SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Department
Subject of the Population Number of Samples
Study
Grade 11 369 192
Grade 12 422 205
TOTAL 791 397
Data Gathering Procedure
The researchers developed and formulated the issue
problems for this study along with the conceptual framework
and the problem statement after reading a few related
studies and literary works. The researchers began drafting
the draft questionnaire that will be utilized in the study
based on these concepts. Referencing the problem description
24
and conceptual framework, the researchers regularly assessed
the manuscript. The questionnaire could be presented by the
researchers after few adjustments. In order to conduct a
personal interview with or interrogation of High School
Students, the researchers requested the help of the class
advisers. The information was retrieved right away. Various
statistical tools were used to process the collected data.
Statistical Treatment
The following statistical tools will be use in this
study:
Frequency. This was used to conveniently glance at the
entire data to be able to understand the data.
Weighted Mean. This will be used to get the average or
extent of alternative policies in recycling plastic water
bottles.
Rank. This was used to determine the highest response
rate of the 10 questions in each table.
Parameter Used
Scale Range Descriptive
25
5 4.20 – 5.0 Strongly Agree
4 3.40 – 4.19 Agree
3 2.60 – 3.39 Neutral
2 1.80 – 2.59 Disagree
1 1.00 – 1.79 Strongly Disagre
Reference
1. Galarpe, V.R.K.R. (2017). Socio-Demographic Assessment
of Surrounding Community to a Material Recovery
Facility (MRF) and a Dumpsite: The Case of Lapu-Lapu
City, Philippines. Journal of Sustainable Development
Studies. ISSN 2201-4268
2. Laville, S., and Taylor, M. (2017). A million bottles a
minute: World's plastic binge ‘as dangerous as climate
change'. The Guardian. Available online at:
26
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/jun/28/a-
million-a-minute-worlds-plastic-bottle-binge-as-
dangerous-as-climate-change (accessed September 10,
2020).
3. Paghasian, M. (2017). Awareness and Practices on Solid
Waste Management among College Students in Mindanao
State University Maigo School of Arts and Trades.
Advances in Social Education and Humanities Research,
Volume 128. papers/268-CD0082.pdf.
4. Madrigal, D. and Oracion, E. (2018). Solid Waste
Management Awareness, Attitude, and Practices in a
Philippine Catholic Higher Education. Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/
publication/327177428_Solid_Waste_Management_Awareness
Attitude and Practices in_a_Philippine_Catholic Higher
Education Institution
27

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BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Extent of Awareness and Implementation of RA 9003

In Saint Theresa College of Tandag, Inc.

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Practical Research 2

Pacheco, John Llyod

January 08, 2024

Background of the Study

The Republic Act No. 9003, widely known as the Ecological

Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, mandates the

implementation of a systematic, comprehensive, and

environmentally friendly SWM program. It also offers the

necessary policy framework, institutional procedures, and

mandate to Local Government Units (LGU) for reducing waste

by constructing an integrated solid waste management

strategy based on the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, and recycle).

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is considered to be

one of the most serious environmental issues in the

Philippines. Galarpe (2017) cited that the continuous use of

landfills and dumpsites is prevalent because of the gaps in

the implementation of the Ecological Solid Waste Management

Every minute, an estimated one million plastic water bottles

are purchased globally, and fewer than half of them are

recycled (Laville and Taylor, 2017). According to Sandin,

G., Miliutenko, S., Liptow, C., (2020), Single-use plastic

beverage bottles are a significant environmental issue,

contributing to littering on beaches and marine ecosystems.

Additionally, poor management of solid waste may cause

health hazards to inhabitants, environmental problems such

as water and soil contamination, air pollution and flooding,

and other socio-economic problems (Qdais, 2017). Given that

waste management is a critical component of environmental

conservation. Its goal is to provide hygienic efficient, and

cost-effective solid waste storage, collection,

transportation, and waste treatment or disposal without

contaminating the atmosphere, land, or water system.

However, burning the recyclable materials together with the

solid waste still exist. The use of eco bags is being

practiced by the communities when they are shopping or

marketing because the municipality prohibits the use of

plastic bags (Almazan & Vargas, 2016).

This study is limited to students in Saint Theresa

College of Tandag Inc. This attempt will investigate and

provide enough information so that the Implementation of RA

9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

can be applied effectively in the institution, as well as

provide students and the staff opinions, which is the

purpose of alternative policies and what distinguishes our

Assessing the Implementation of RA 9003 can aid the school's

neatness and implement eco-friendly practices for students.

It can also provide a harmonious academic environment in

which they're able to focus exclusively on their studies and

extracurricular activities. In general, this study is

designed to demonstrate the various alternative policies for

plastic water bottles at Saint Theresa College of Tandag. As

a result, the expected outcome of our research is to apply

effective policies and procedures to resolve and understand

the favorable and negative aspects of the aforementioned

Two theories have been proposed to explain the

relationship between alternative policies to increase

regarding of plastic water bottle and the research study.

The first theory is the theory of reasoned action of

Fishbein and Ajzen 1975 and it was supported by Constanze