Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
• CANCERS
• CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY
DISEASES
• DIABETES MELLITUS
Epidemiology of the Major NCDs
Diet/Nutrition ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Physical inactivity ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Obesity ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Alcohol ✓ ✓ ✓
Raised blood ✓ ✓ ✓
pressure
Raised blood sugar ✓ ✓ ✓
Abnormal blood ✓ ✓ ✓
lipids
Cardiovascular Disease
• describes a range of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessels and includes:
Coronary Artery Disease
Myocardial Infarction
Congenital Heart Disease
Hypertension
Stroke
Arrhythmias
others.
Description of Major NCDs
Cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors
– Coronary artery diseases
• increased total cholesterol, high LDL,
low HDL, smoking,
obesity/overweight, physical
– Hypertension
inactivity, diabetes
• Family history, age, high salt intake,
obesity, excess alcohol intake
– Cerebrovascular diseases • Age, sex, heredity, hypertension,
(stroke) smoking, diabetes, heart disease, high
RBC, excessive alcohol intake, drug
abuse
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES – LIFESTYLE RELATED DISEASES
CANCER HEART DISEASE LUNG DISEASE DIABETES ACCIDENTS &
INJURIES
HYPERTENSION
An increase in blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg in two (2) or
more separate occasions.
One of the leading causes of disability among Filipinos due to
stroke.
BLOOD PRESSURE SYSTOLIC BP DIASTOLIC BP
CLASSIFICATION
LESS THAN 80
NORMAL LESS THAN 120 mmHg
mmHg
PRE HYPERTENSION 120 - 139 mmHg 80 – 89 mmHg
Stage 1
140 – 159 mmHg 90 – 99 mmHg
Hypertension
Stage 2 100 mmHg or
160 mmHg or Higher
Hypertension higher
Classification of blood pressure for adults
HYPERTENSION
RISK FACTORS
✓ Smoking
✓ Excessive alcohol consumption
✓ Overweight
✓ Family history of hypertension, heart disease, diabetes and
kidney disease
✓ Sedentary lifestyle
✓ Chronic stress
✓ Advancing age
PREVENTION
✓ Regular exercise and eating”heart healthy” diet
✓ Excessive alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking
also increases the likelihood of hypertension
HYPERTENSION
USUAL SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
NOT ALL HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS HAVE SYMPTOMS….
✓ Headache
✓ Dizziness
✓ Blurring of visions
✓ Nape/ neck discomfort
EARLY DETECTION IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR PREVENTING
FURTHER COMPLICATIONS……
POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS
Chronic, undiagnosed and untreated hypertension may
result to:
Heart attack stroke kidney failure loss of vision
Lifestyle modification to prevent and manage
hypertension
LIFESTYLE RECOMMENDATION APPROXIMATE SYSTOLIC
MODIFICATION BP REDUCTION
Weight reduction Maintain normal body weight 5-20 mmHg
Adopt DASH eating Consume a diet rich in fruits, 8-14 mmHg
plan (dietary vegetables, and low fat dairy
Approach to stop products
hypertension)
Dietary sodium (salt) Reduce dietary sodium intake 2 – 8 mmHg
restriction
Physical activity Engage in regular aerobic physical 4 -9 mmHg
activity such as brisk walking (at
least 30 min per day, most days of
the week)
Moderation of Limit consumption to no more than 2 -4 mmHg
alcohol consumption 2 drinks per day in most men and
not more than 1 drink per day in
women and lighter weight persons
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES – LIFESTYLE RELATED DISEASES
CANCER HEART DISEASE LUNG DISEASE DIABETES ACCIDENTS &
INJURIES
Body’s failure to Secondary to
produce insulin decreased
and usually sets activity of the
in among the Type 1 Type 2 insulin produced
young which results in
population increased blood
groups sugar level and
usually sets in
among the older
age groups
Description of Major NCDs
Gently squeeze each nipple While standing, raise one arm. Use
and look for discharge finger pads to check the breast and
surrounding area – firmly, carefully and
thoroughly.
Guidelines for Common Screening
Procedures for Major NCDs
Breast Self- Examination
Lines
Wedges Circles
Guidelines for Common Screening
Procedures for Major NCDs
Lie flat on your back, with one arm over your head and a
pillow or folded towel under the shoulder. This position
flattens the breast and makes it easier to check.
Guidelines for Common Screening
Procedures for Major NCDs
Changes in the breast that should be noted and reported to a
physician
• Any lump or hard knot • Dimpling, skin irritation,
found in the breast or or other change in the
armpit breast skin or nipple
• Any lump or thickening • Redness or scaliness of
of the tissue that does the nipple or breast skin
not shrink or lessen aftr • Discharge from the
her next period nipple (fluid coming from
• Any change in the size, the nipples other than
shape, or symmetry of breast milk), particularly
her breast if the discharge is clear
and sticky, dark or occurs
• A thickening or swelling without squeezing the
of the breast nipple
• Any dimpling, puckering, • Nipple tenderness or
or indention in the pain
breast
Description of Major NCDs
COPD and Asthma and their risk factors
– COPD • Smoking
• Genetic predisposition,
allergens, smoking, air
– Asthma pollution, respiratory
infections
NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES – LIFESTYLE RELATED DISEASES
CANCER HEART DISEASE LUNG DISEASE DIABETES ACCIDENTS &
INJURIES