Diabetes Obesity Hypertension

Definition of the Condition Definition of the Condition Definition of the Condition

Metabolic conditions of carbohydrates, protein, and fats are Increased adipose tissue accumulation can lead to when the pressure in your blood vessels is too high
affected by deficiency of insulin secretion and resistance. body mass index, body fat, or body weight 140/90 mmHg or higher. Primary and Secondary
exceeding the upper limit for height. hypertension (w/ underlying condition).
The most common is type 2 diabetes,
● usually in adults Causes of the Condition Causes of the Condition
● body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn't make ● Sedentary Lifestyle Obesity
enough insulin. ● Genetics Sedentary lifestyle
● Hormonal condition (hypothyroidism)
Type 1 diabetes, Etiology and Epidemiology
● juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes Etiology and Epidemiology More common in men.
● pancreas produces little or no insulin by itself. ● Metabolic factors <40 years old onset
● Genetic factors 31.1% of the global adult population (1.39 billion
Causes of the Condition ● Endocrine factors people) had hypertension,
● Sedentary lifestyle ● Dietary habits
● Obesity Key Signs and Symptoms
● HereditaryEtiology and Epidemiology In 2016, 13% of the world's adult population, Headaches
-gestational diabetes 11% of men and 15% of women, and 18% of Shortness of breath
-prediabetes girls and 19% of boys were overweight. Nosebleeds

Type I (IDDM) Type II (NIDDM) Medical Course and Prognosis

Key Signs and Symptoms
Grade 1 overweight (commonly and simply Hypertension has a favorable prognosis if blood
10& 90% pressures are controlled, but complications can occur due
called overweight) - BMI of 25-29.9 kg/m2
Rare before 6 months onset; After 40 y.o. to its progressive nature.
10-14 juvenile onset or Female
Grade 2 overweight (commonly called obesity) -
before 30 General Management
BMI of 30-39.9 kg/m2
Equally affected ● Establishing healthy lifestyle
Grade 3 overweight (commonly called severe or ● enalapril and lisinopril relax blood Ace
Viral Infections and Hereditary Inhibitors vessels and prevent kidney damage
Chemical Obesity morbid obesity) - BMI ≥40 kg/m2
● Angiotensin-2 receptor blockers (ARBs)
Environment Age
including losartan and telmisartan
Genetics Hypertension ≥140/90
Idiopathic PCOS

Key Signs and Symptoms Medical Course and Prognosis Classical Presentation
● Polyuria Obesity is a serious health concern that increases Stage 1 hypertension. The top number ranges from 130
 ● Polydipsia the risk of many health conditions, such as type 2 to 139 mm Hg or the bottom number is between 80 and
● Polyphagia diabetes, coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, 89 mm Hg.
● Profound weight loss and mental health problems. It can also affect
● — quality of life, mental health, and self-esteem. Stage 2 hypertension. The top number is 140 mm Hg or
● Mild symptom noong nasa taas higher or the bottom number is 90 mm Hg or higher.
● Tingling or numbness of hands and feet
General Management Blood pressure higher than 180/120 mm Hg is
Medical Course and Prognosis ● Sibutramine (Meridia) –Serotonin and considered a hypertensive emergency or crisis.
Diabetes is a lifelong disease and there is no cure. People with norepinephrine reduce appetite by
type 2 diabetes may no longer need medicine if they lose weight inhibiting reuptake.
and become more active. However, high blood glucose levels ● Orlistat (Xenical) – Reduces caloric
can damage the body's organs, leading to heart attack, stroke, intake by binding to lipase to prevent fat
kidney problems, eyes, gums, feet and nerves. Over time, high digestion.
blood glucose levels can damage the body's organs, leading to ● Bariatric Surgery
heart attack, stroke, kidney problems, eyes, gums, feet and ○ Roux-en-Y (roo-en-wy) gastric
nerves. bypass - making walnut size
stomach
General Management
● Achieve a normal glycemic state
● Reduce risk of long-term damage from sustained
hypoglycemia.
● Maintaining a normal lifestyle while controlling
diabetes.
● Establish compliance with patient management plan.
● Insulin dose for type 1 diabetes can range from
0.5-0.8units/kg/day to higher depending on health.
● Insulin dose for type 2 diabetes ranges from 0.7-2.5
units/kg/day.

Clinical vs. Classical Picture

 1. Type 1 Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) Type 2 Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
oOccurs suddenly o Usually occurs less suddenly
oPolyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia o Mild symptoms related to elevated blood glucose concentrations (fatigue,
oProfound weight loss polyuria, polydipsia and vaginal infections)
o Fatigue o Drowsiness
o Weakness o Blurred vision
o Irritability o Tingling or numbness in hands or feet
o Nausea and vomiting
o Recurrent respiratory, vaginal and other infection

Recommendations
● Vital signs, Skincare, Proper Foot Care, Patient education, Energy Conservation Techniques, Lifestyle Modification