Neurons communicate at the synapse through a sophisticated exchange of chemical signals

and electrical impulses called axons. When an electrical impulse, or action potential, reaches
the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron, it prompts the release of neurotransmitters into the
synaptic cleft of the synapse when a vesicle fuses with the cell membrane. These
neurotransmitters traverse the microscopic gap and bind to receptors on the surface of the
postsynaptic neuron. The dendrites receive input from many other neurons and carry those
signals to the cell body. This binding triggers changes in the postsynaptic membrane, leading to
either excitatory or inhibitory effects. If the combined signals reach a threshold, a new action
potential is generated in the postsynaptic neuron, ensuring the continuation of the neural
impulse. This intricate process underlies the fundamental basis of information transfer within the
nervous system.