Name __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Period _________

Introduction to Molarity
Concentration describes the amount of solute that is present in
a certain amount of solution.
Ø High concentration indicates a large amount of solute.
Ø Low concentration indicates a small amount of solute.

Example: Label the solutions as high concentration or low concentration.

Low Concentration
_____________________ High Concentration
_____________________

Molarity is used to measure the concentration of a solution.

Molarity = moles of solute

liters of solvent

Example: In every 5 liters of ocean water, there are 20 moles of NaCl (salt).
What is the molarity of NaCl in sea water?
20 moles NaCl
moles of solute Molarity =
Molarity = 5 liters water
liters of solvent
Molarity = 4.0 M or mol/L
Name __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Period _________

Calculating Molarity – Practice Problems

Instructions: Use the equation for molarity to complete the problems below.

1) A scientist collects 10 liters of saltwater and finds that it contains 3.5 moles of NaCl.
What is the molarity of the NaCl in the saltwater?

3.5 moles NaCl

Molarity = Molarity = 0.35 M
10 liters water

2) What is the molarity of a solution that contains 1.9 moles of lithium fluoride (LiF)
dissolved in 16.0 L of water?

1.8 moles LiF

Molarity = Molarity = 0.11 M
16.0 L water

3) How many moles of NaCl would be found in a 2.6 L solution with a molarity of 0.9 M?

X moles NaCl
0.9 M = 2.34 moles NaCl
2.6 L

4) How many moles of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) would be needed to create 8.5 liters of
acidic solution with a molarity of 3.0 M?

X moles H2SO4
3.0 M = 25.5 moles H2SO4
8.5 L

5) A scientist pours a concentrated solution of 10.0 M hydrochloric acid (HCl). If the

solution contains 3.75 moles of HCl, what is the volume (in liters) of the solution?

3.75 moles HCl

10.0 M = 0.375 liters HCl
X liters
Name ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Period _________

Calculating Molarity – Advanced Problems

Instructions: Use the equation for molarity to complete the problems below.

1) What is the molarity of a solution that contains 16.5 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl)
dissolved in 1.5 L of water? 0.28 moles NaCl
16.5 g NaCl 1.5 L
= 0.28 moles
58.44 g/mol
Molarity = 0.19 M

2) A scientist creates a solution by dissolving 25.22 grams of lithium fluoride (LiF) in

2.2 liters of water. What would be the molarity of the solution?
0.97 moles LiF
25.22 g LiF
= 0.97 moles 2.2 L
25.94 g/mol
Molarity = 0.44 M

3) A scientist wants to create 0.5 liters of calcium chloride solution (CaCl2) with a
molarity of 4.0 M. How many grams of CaCl2 would be needed to create the solution?

X moles CaCl2 2.0 moles = 110.98 g/mol

4.0 M =
0.5 L CaCl2 1 mole
= 2.0 moles CaCl2 221.96 g CaCl2
4) How many grams of silver nitrate (AgNO3) would be needed if a scientist wanted to
create 4.5 liters of 0.25 M silver nitrate solution?

X moles AgNO3 1.125 moles = 169.87 g/mol

0.25 M =
4.5 L AgNO3 1 mole

= 1.125 moles AgNO3 191.1 g AgNO3

Name __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Period _________

Dilutions and Molarity

Dilution is the process used to make a new solution that is less
concentrated than the original solution by adding more solvent.
M1 = Initial Molarity M2 = Final Molarity
V1 = Initial Volume M1V1 = M2V2 V2 = Final Volume

Examples Questions:
1) A scientist obtains 0.25 liters of concentrated 5.0 M NaCl solution. The scientist then
dilutes the solution by adding water until the solution has a volume of 1.0 liters.
What is the molarity of the solution?

M1 V1 = M2 V2 0.25 L 1.0 L

(5.0) (0.25) = M2 (1.0)

(1.25) = M2 (1.0)
M2 = 1.25 M or mol/L

2) A concentrated solution of 10.0 M hydrochloric acid solution must be diluted to

make it weaker. If a scientist starts with 1.5 liters of the original solution and
adds 2.5 liters of water, what will be the final molarity of the solution?

M 1V 1 = M 2V 2 (15.0) = M2 (4.0)
(10.0) (1.5) = M2 (4.0) M2 = 3.75 M or mol/L
3) In a laboratory, a scientist takes 50 mL of 5.0 M NaOH solution and adds water until
the solution has a molarity of 2.0 M. What is the volume of the new solution?

M 1V 1 = M 2V 2 (250.0) = (2.0) V2
(5.0) (50) = (2.0) V2 V2 = 125.0 mL
Name __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Period _________

Dilutions – Practice Problems

Instructions: Use the equation for dilutions to complete the problems below.

1) A student obtains 0.30 liters of 2.0 M silver nitrate solution. She dilutes the solution
until it has a volume of 2.6 liters. What is the molarity of the new solution?

M 1V 1 = M 2V 2 (0.6) = M2 (2.6)
(2.0) (0.30) = M2 (2.6) M2 = 0.23 M
2) Before an experiment, a scientist obtains 2.45 L of 1.25 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and
dilutes it until the molarity drops to 0.80 M. What is the volume of the new solution?

M 1V 1 = M 2V 2 (3.06) = (0.8) V2
(1.25) (2.45) = (0.8) V2 V2 = 3.83 L
3) A solution of hydrochloric acid is diluted, bringing the volume from 2.0 L to 8.5 L.
If the solution has a final molarity of 1.4 M, what was the molarity before dilution?

M 1V 1 = M 2V 2 (250.0) = (2.0) V2
M1 (2.0) = (1.4) (8.5) V2 = 125.0 mL
4) If a student adds 250 mL of water to a 300 mL solution of NaCl that has a
concentration of 3.0 M, what will be the molarity of the final solution?

M 1V 1 = M 2V 2 (900) = M2 (550)
(3.0) (300) = M2 (550) M2 = 1.64 M
5) A scientist adds 1.2 liters of water to a 5.0 liter solution, causing the molarity to
become 0.4 M. What was the molarity of the initial solution before the dilution?

M 1V 1 = M 2V 2 M1 (5.0) = 2.88
M1 (5.0) = (0.4) (7.2) M1 = 0.576 M
Name __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Period _________

Introduction to Molarity
___________________ describes the amount of solute that is present in
a certain amount of solution.
Ø High concentration indicates a __________ amount of solute.
Ø Low concentration indicates a __________ amount of solute.

Example: Label the solutions as high concentration or low concentration.

_____________________ _____________________

_____________ is used to measure the concentration of a solution.

Molarity = moles of solute

liters of solvent

Example: In every 5 liters of ocean water, there are 20 moles of NaCl (salt).
What is the molarity of NaCl in sea water?
Name __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Period _________

Calculating Molarity – Practice Problems

Instructions: Use the equation for molarity to complete the problems below.

1) A scientist collects 10 liters of saltwater and finds that it contains 3.5 moles of NaCl.
What is the molarity of the NaCl in the saltwater?

2) What is the molarity of a solution that contains 1.9 moles of lithium fluoride (LiF)
dissolved in 16.0 L of water?

3) How many moles of NaCl would be found in a 2.6 L solution with a molarity of 0.9 M?

4) How many moles of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) would be needed to create 8.5 liters of
acidic solution with a molarity of 3.0 M?

5) A scientist pours a concentrated solution of 10.0 M hydrochloric acid (HCl). If the

solution contains 3.75 moles of HCl, what is the volume (in liters) of the solution?
Name ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Period _________

Calculating Molarity – Advanced Problems

Instructions: Use the equation for molarity to complete the problems below.

1) What is the molarity of a solution that contains 16.5 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl)
dissolved in 1.5 L of water?

2) A scientist creates a solution by dissolving 25.22 grams of lithium fluoride (LiF) in

2.2 liters of water. What would be the molarity of the solution?

3) A scientist wants to create 0.5 liters of calcium chloride solution (CaCl2) with a
molarity of 4.0 M. How many grams of CaCl2 would be needed to create the solution?

4) How many grams of silver nitrate (AgNO3) would be needed if a scientist wanted to
create 4.5 liters of 0.25 M silver nitrate solution?
Name __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Period _________

Dilutions and Molarity

____________ is the process used to make a new solution that is less
concentrated than the original solution by adding more solvent.
M1 = Initial Molarity M2 = Final Molarity
V1 = Initial Volume M1V1 = M2V2 V2 = Final Volume

Examples Questions:
1) A scientist obtains 0.25 liters of concentrated 5.0 M NaCl solution. The scientist then
dilutes the solution by adding water until the solution has a volume of 1.0 liters.
What is the molarity of the solution?

0.25 L 1.0 L

2) A concentrated solution of 10.0 M hydrochloric acid solution must be diluted to

make it weaker. If a scientist starts with 1.5 liters of the original solution and
adds 2.5 liters of water, what will be the final molarity of the solution?

3) In a laboratory, a scientist takes 50 mL of 5.0 M NaOH solution and adds water until
the solution has a molarity of 2.0 M. What is the volume of the new solution?
Name __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Period _________

Dilutions – Practice Problems

Instructions: Use the equation for dilutions to complete the problems below.

1) A student obtains 0.30 liters of 2.0 M silver nitrate solution. She dilutes the solution
until it has a volume of 2.6 liters. What is the molarity of the new solution?

2) Before an experiment, a scientist obtains 2.45 L of 1.25 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and
dilutes it until the molarity drops to 0.80 M. What is the volume of the new solution?

3) A solution of hydrochloric acid is diluted, bringing the volume from 2.0 L to 8.5 L.
If the solution has a final molarity of 1.4 M, what was the molarity before dilution?

4) If a student adds 250 mL of water to a 300 mL solution of NaCl that has a

concentration of 3.0 M, what will be the molarity of the final solution?

5) A scientist adds 1.2 liters of water to a 5.0 liter solution, causing the molarity to
become 0.4 M. What was the molarity of the initial solution before the dilution?