ExerciÌ Cio e DCV - Parte 1

17/12/22
Virani et al Heart Disease and Stroke Stat
DOENÇAS
Virani et al CARDIOVASCULARES Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2021 Update: Chapter 14
Epidemiologia
CLINICAL STATEMENTS
AND GUIDELINES
Exercício Físico e
Chart 14-20.
This map
shows that
cardiovascu-
Doenças Cardiovasculares
lar disease
prevalence
was highest
in North
Africa and
Rodrigo Ferrari, PhD Middle East,
Central Asia,
Chart 14-20. and high-
Chart 14-20. Age-standardized global prevalence rates of cardiovascular diseases per 100 000, both sexes, 2019.
income North
This map America in AHA Statistical Update – Circulation, 2021
Source: Data derived from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington.45 Printed with permission.
2019. Copyright © 2020, University of Washington. Detailed results are available on the Global Burden of Disease Study website.48
shows that
cardiovascu-
lar disease
Downloaded from http://ahajournals.org by on January 30, 2021
prevalence 9. Losina E, Hyle EP, Borre ED, Linas BP, Sax PE, Weinstein MC, Rusu C,
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Middle East, nhanes/
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2018: table A-1. Accessed March 11, 2020. https://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/
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income North Health_Statistics/NCHS/NHIS/SHS/2018_SHS_Table_A-1.pdf
11. Ramsay SE, Morris RW, Whincup PH, Subramanian SV, Papacosta AO,
America in Source: Data derived from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washing
3. Gebreab SY, Davis SK, Symanzik J, Mensah GA, Gibbons GH,
Diez-Roux AV. Geographic variations in cardiovascular health in the United
Lennon LT, Wannamethee SG. The influence of neighbourhood-level
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States: contributions of state- and individual-level factors. J Am Heart
age: longitudinal multilevel analyses from a cohort of older British men.
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4. Irawati S, Wasir R, Floriaan Schmidt A, Islam A, Feenstra T, Buskens E, 2015-205542
Wilffert B, Hak E. Long-term incidence and risk factors of cardiovascu- 12. Xiao Q, Berrigan D, Powell-Wiley TM, Matthews CE. Ten-year change in
lar events in Asian populations: systematic review and meta-analysis of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and rates of total, cardiovas-
population-based cohort studies. Curr Med Res Opin. 2019;35:291–299. cular disease, and cancer mortality in older US adults. Am J Epidemiol.
doi: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1491149 2018;187:2642–2650. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwy181
5. Bancks MP, Ning H, Allen NB, Bertoni AG, Carnethon MR, Correa A, 13. Erqou S, Clougherty JE, Olafiranye O, Magnani JW, Aiyer A, Tripathy S,
Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Lange LA, Lloyd-Jones DM, Wilkins JT. Long-term Kinnee E, Kip KE, Reis SE. Particulate matter air pollution and racial dif-
absolute risk for cardiovascular disease stratified by fasting glucose level. 9. Losina E, Hyle EP, Borre ED, Linas BP, ferences in cardiovascular disease risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol.
REFERENCES Diabetes Care. 2019;42:457–465. doi: 10.2337/dc18-1773

6. Peters SAE, Muntner P, Woodward M. Sex differences in the prevalence Ciaranello AL, Walensky RP, Freedberg KA 2018;38:935–942. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.310305
14. Wang Y, O’Neil A, Jiao Y, Wang L, Huang J, Lan Y, Zhu Y, Yu C. Sex
of, and trends in, cardiovascular risk factors, treatment, and control in
lifetime risks of cardiovascular disease in differences in the association between diabetes and risk of cardiovas-
the United States, 2001 to 2016. Circulation. 2019;139:1025–1035. doi: cular disease, cancer, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a sys-
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035550
nodeficiency virus in the United States. tematic review and meta-analysis of 5,162,654 participants. BMC Med.
Statistics. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
7. Gali B, Eyawo O, Hull MW, Samji H, Zhang W, Sereda P, Lima VD, 2019;17:136. doi: 10.1186/s12916-019-1355-0
McGrail K, Montaner JSG, Hogg RS, et al; COAST Study Team. Incidence 1271. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix547 15. Okada E, Shirakawa T, Shivappa N, Wakai K, Suzuki K, Date C, Iso H,
public use data files. Accessed April 1, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/
of select chronic comorbidities among a population-based cohort of HIV- Hebert JR, Tamakoshi A. Dietary inflammatory index is associated with risk
10. Miller RG, Mahajan HD, Costacou T, Seki
positive individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Curr Med of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality but not with cancer mor-
nhanes/ Res Opin. 2019;35:1955–1963. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2019.1645999 tality in middle-aged and older Japanese adults. J Nutr. 2019;149:1451–
8. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Brindle P. Development and validation A contemporary estimate of total mortal 1459. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz085
of QRISK3 risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of cardio-
in young adults with type 1 diabetes: 16. Bellettiere J, LaMonte MJ, Evenson KR, Rillamas-Sun E, Kerr J, Lee IM,
Statistics. Summary Health Statistics: National Health Interview Survey,
vascular disease: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2017;357:j2099. doi: Di C, Rosenberg DE, Stefanick M, Buchner DM, et al. Sedentary behavior
10.1136/bmj.j2099 Diabetes Complications Study. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease in older women: the Objective Physical Activity
2018: table A-1. Accessed March 11, 2020. https://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/
10.2337/dc16-1162
February 23, 2021 e243
Health_Statistics/NCHS/NHIS/SHS/2018_SHS_Table_A-1.pdf
Circulation. 2021;143:e00–e00. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950
Oliveira et al. 11. Ramsay OliveiraSE,
et al. Morris RW, Whincup PH, S
Estatística Cardiovascular – Brasil 2020 3. Gebreab SY, Davis SK, Symanzik J, Mensah GA, Gibbons GH, Estatística Cardiovascular – Brasil 2020
Lennon LT, Wannamethee SG. The in
Diez-Roux AV. Geographic variations in cardiovascular health in the United
DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES Artigo Especial DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES
States: contributions of state- and individual-level factors. J Am Heart Artigo Especial deprivation on cardiova
socioeconomic
age: longitudinal multilevel analyses fro
Epidemiologia Epidemiologia
Assoc. 2015;4:e001673. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001673 J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015;69
4. Irawati S, Wasir R, Floriaan Schmidt A, Islam A, Feenstra T, Buskens E, 2015-205542
1990 rank 2017 rank Wilffert B, Hak E. Long-term incidence and risk factors of cardiovascu- 1990 rank
12. Xiao Q, Berrigan D, Powell-Wiley TM, M
2017 rank
1 D. cardiovasculares 1 D. cardiovasculares 1 D. cardiovasculares 1 D. cardiovasculares

2 Neoplasias 2 Neoplasias lar events in Asian populations: systematic review and meta-analysis of
2 Neoplasias
neighborhood socioeconomic deprivatio 2 Neoplasias
3 Infecções respiratórias & TB 3 Distúrbios neurológicos 3 Infecções respiratórias & TB 3 Distúrbios neurológicos
4 D. respiratórias crônicas 4 Infecções respiratórias & TB population-based cohort studies. Curr Med Res Opin. 2019;35:291–299.
4 D. respiratórias crônicas
cular disease, and cancer mortality in o 4 Infecções respiratórias & TB
5 Distúrbios neurológicos 5 Diabetes & D. renal crônica 5 Distúrbios neurológicos 5 Diabetes & D. renal crônica
6 Materna & neonatal doi: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1491149
6 Materna & neonatal
2018;187:2642–2650. doi: 10.1093/aje/
7 Diabetes & D. renal crônica 7 D. respiratórias crônicas 7 Diabetes & D. renal crônica 7 D. respiratórias crônicas
8 D. digestivas 8 D. digestivas 5. Bancks MP, Ning H, Allen NB, Bertoni AG, Carnethon MR, Correa A,
8 D. digestivas
13. Erqou S, Clougherty JE, Olafiranye O, M 8 D. digestivas
9 Acidentes de trânsito 9 Acidentes de trânsito
Echouffo-Tcheugui JB, Lange LA, Lloyd-Jones DM, Wilkins JT. Long-term
9 Outras não transmissíveis 9 Outras não transmissíveis
10 Acidentes de trânsito
Kinnee E, Kip KE, Reis SE. Particulate m 10 Acidentes de trânsito
13 Outras não transmissíveis 12 Materna & neonatal

absolute risk for cardiovascular disease stratified by fasting glucose level.
13 Outras não transmissíveis
ferences in cardiovascular disease risk.
Diabetes Care. 2019;42:457–465. doi: 10.2337/dc18-1773 2018;38:935–942. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAH

Figura 1-1 – Ranking das causas de morte no Brasil, 1990 e 2017, de acordo com as taxas de mortalidade padronizadas por idade por 100 mil habitantes, 6.Figura
Peters1-1 – Ranking
SAE, Muntner
das causas deP, Woodward
morte no Brasil, 1990M. Sex
e 2017, differences
de acordo indethe
com as taxas prevalence
mortalidade padronizadas por idade por 100 mil habitantes,
ambos os sexos, 1990 e 2017. ambos os sexos, 1990 e 2017.
14. Wang Y, O’Neil A, Jiao Y, Wang L, Hu
of, and trends in, cardiovascular risk factors, treatment, and control in
DCVs à Nº 1
Dados derivados do Estudo Global Burden of Disease 2017 (GBD 2017).66 Dados derivados do Estudo Global Burden of Disease 2017 (GBD 2017). 66
differences in the association between
the United States, 2001 to 2016. Circulation. 2019;139:1025–1035. doi: cular disease, cancer, and all-cause and
10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035550 tematic review and meta-analysis of 5,1
1990 rank 2017 rank 7. Gali B, Eyawo O, Hull MW, Samji H, Zhang W, Sereda P, Lima VD, 1990 rank 2019;17:136. doi: 10.1186/s12916-019 2017 rank
2 D. cerebrovascular 2 D. cerebrovascular
McGrail K, Montaner JSG, Hogg RS, et al; COAST Study Team. Incidence
2 D. cerebrovascular 15. Okada E, Shirakawa T, Shivappa N, Wa 2 D. cerebrovascular
3 Cardiopatia hipertensiva
4 Cardiomiopatia
4 Cardiomiopatia
of select chronic comorbidities among a population-based cohort of HIV-
4 Cardiomiopatia
Hebert JR, Tamakoshi A. Dietary inflamm 3 Cardiopatia hipertensiva
4 Cardiomiopatia
5 Outras DCV
6 Fibrilação atrial
5 Outras DCV
positive individuals receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. Curr Med
5 Outras DCV
of all-cause and cardiovascular disease m 5 Outras DCV
7 Aneurisma aórtico 7 Aneurisma aórtico
Res Opin. 2019;35:1955–1963. doi: 10.1080/03007995.2019.1645999
7 Aneurisma aórtico
tality in middle-aged and older Japanese 7 Aneurisma aórtico
8 Cardiopatia reumática
Oliveira et al., 2020 - Estatística Cardiovascular – Brasil 8 D. valvar não reumática
Oliveira et al., 2020 - Estatística Cardiovascular – Brasil
8 Cardiopatia reumática 8 D. valvar não reumática
9 D. valvar não reumática 9 D. vascular periférica 8. Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C, Brindle P. Development and validation
9 D. valvar não reumática
1459. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxz085 9 D. vascular periférica
10 Endocardite 10 Endocardite 10 Endocardite 10 Endocardite
11 D. vascular periférica 11 Cardiopatia reumática of QRISK3 risk prediction algorithms to estimate future risk of cardio-
11 D. vascular periférica 16. Bellettiere J, LaMonte MJ, Evenson KR, 11 Cardiopatia reumática
vascular disease: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2017;357:j2099. doi: Di C, Rosenberg DE, Stefanick M, Buchn
Figura 1-2 – Ranking das causas de morte cardiovascular no Brasil, 1990 e 2017, de acordo com as taxas de mortalidade padronizadas por idade por 100 10.1136/bmj.j2099
Figura 1-2 – Ranking das causas de morte cardiovascular no Brasil, 1990 e 2017, de acordo com as taxas de mortalidade padronizadas andpor cardiovascular
idade por 100 disease in older wom
mil habitantes, ambos os sexos, 1990 e 2017. mil habitantes, ambos os sexos, 1990 e 2017.
Dados derivados do Estudo Global Burden of Disease 2017 (GBD 2017).66 Dados derivados do Estudo Global Burden of Disease 2017 (GBD 2017).66
Circulation. 2021;143:e00–e00. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950

Rio
Rio
M
M
Rio
Rio
ato
ato
G
G
Dis
Dis
Sa
Sa
ra
ra
Rio
Rio
G
G
G
Es
Es
M
M
nd
nd
M
M
Pe
ra
Pe
ra
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nta
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trit
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in
pir
in
ato
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nd
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Am
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de
ss
de
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Sa
M
M
rn
rn
as
Ro
as
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ito
do
do
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Ca
Ro
Ca
ara
ara
e
Ala
Ala
am
am
Pa
Se
Pa
Se
Fe
Fe
o
Ja
Ja
az
Pa
az
Pa
Am
ca
Am
ca
nd
nd
G
G
do
do
do
do
Ce
Ce
Sa
Sa
G
Ba
Pa
Ba
Pa
ra
ta
ra
ta
ro
No
ro
No
de
nh
ra
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de
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go
on
era
bu
go
on
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bu
Pa
nti
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on
on
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ap
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rin
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ara
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ara
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nto
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as
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co
n
re
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re
ra
ai
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ai
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is
is
a
e
s
s
l
D. cerebrovascular D. cerebrovascular
Cardiopatia hipertensiva Cardiopatia hipertensiva
Outras DCV Outras DCV
Cardiomiopatia Cardiomiopatia
Fibrilação atrial Fibrilação atrial
Aneurisma aórtico Aneurisma aórtico
Cardiopatia reumática Cardiopatia reumática
D. valvar não reumática D. valvar não reumática
Endocardite Endocardite
D. vascular periférica D. vascular periférica
Figura 1-3 – Ranking das causas de morte cardiovascular por unidade federativa brasileira em 1990, de acordo com as taxas de mortalidade padronizadas Figura 1-3 – Ranking das causas de morte cardiovascular por unidade federativa brasileira em 1990, de acordo com as taxas de mortalidade padronizadas
por idade por 100 mil habitantes, ambos os sexos. por idade por 100 mil habitantes, ambos os sexos.
Dados derivados do Estudo Global Burden of Disease 2017 (GBD 2017).66 Dados derivados do Estudo Global Burden of Disease 2017 (GBD 2017).66
1
Rio
Rio
M
M
Rio
Rio
ato
ato
G
G
Dis
Dis
Sa
Sa
ra
ra
Rio
Rio
G
G
G
Es
Es
M
M
nd
nd
M
M
Pe
ra
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trit
trit
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in
pir
in
ato
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nd
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de
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de
e
e
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Sa
M
M
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rn
as
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as
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e
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am
am
Pa
Se
Pa
Se
Fe
Fe
o
Ja
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az
Pa
az
Pa
Am
Am
c
nd
nd
G
G
do
do
do
do
Ce
Ce
an
an
Sa
Sa
G
Ba
Pa
Ba
Pa
ra
ta
ra
ta
ro
No
ro
No
d
nh
ra
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ne
rg
nh
ra
Piu
ne
rg
go
on
era
bu
go
on
era
bu
Pa
Pa
Ac
Ac
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on
on
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ap
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ap
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rin
im
im
ss
tin
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tin
ara
Su
Su
ara
Su
Su
nto
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ao
na
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as
as
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as
as
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re
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l
D. cerebrovascular D. cerebrovascular
Cardiopatia hipertensiva Cardiopatia hipertensiva
Outras DCV Outras DCV
Cardiomiopatia Cardiomiopatia
Fibrilação atrial Fibrilação atrial
Aneurisma aórtico Aneurisma aórtico
Endocardite Endocardite
D. valvar não reumática D. valvar não reumática
Cardiopatia reumática Cardiopatia reumática
D. vascular periférica D. vascular periférica
1990 rank 2017 rank
1 D. cardiovasculares 1 D. cardiovasculares
2 Neoplasias
3 Infecções respiratórias & TB
2 Neoplasias
3 Distúrbios neurológicos
17/12/22
4 D. respiratórias crônicas 4 Infecções respiratórias & TB
5 Distúrbios neurológicos 5 Diabetes & D. renal crônica
7 Diabetes & D. renal crônica 7 D. respiratórias crônicas
8 D. digestivas Oliveira et al. 8 D. digestivas
Estatística Cardiovascular – Brasil 2020
9 Acidentes de trânsito 9 Outras não transmissíveis
Artigo Especial 10 Acidentes de trânsito
13 Outras não transmissíveis 12 Materna & neonatal
1990 rank 2017 rank
1 D. cardiovasculares 1 D. cardiovasculares
2 Neoplasias 2 Neoplasias
3 Infecções respiratórias & TB 3 Distúrbios neurológicos
Figura 1-1 – Ranking das causas de morte no Brasil, 1990 e 2017, de acordo com as taxas de mortalidade padronizadas por idade por 100 mil habitantes,
4 D. respiratórias crônicas 4 Infecções respiratórias & TB
5 Distúrbios neurológicos 5 Diabetes & D. renal crônica
ambos os sexos, 1990 e 2017.

7 Diabetes & D. renal crônica 7 D. respiratórias crônicas
8 D. digestivas 8 D. digestivas
9 Acidentes de trânsito 9 Outras não transmissíveis
Dados derivados do Estudo Global Burden of Disease 2017 (GBD 2017).66

13 Outras não transmissíveis
10 Acidentes de trânsito
DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES
Figura 1-1 – Ranking das causas de morte no Brasil, 1990 e 2017, de acordo com as taxas de mortalidade padronizadas por idade por 100 mil habitantes,
ambos os sexos, 1990 e 2017. DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES
Epidemiologia
Epidemiologia
1990 rank 1990 rank 2017 rank 2017 rank

2 D. cerebrovascular 2 D. cerebrovascular
3 Cardiopatia hipertensiva 3 Cardiopatia hipertensiva
2 D. cerebrovascular
4 Cardiomiopatia 4 Cardiomiopatia
2 D. cerebrovascular
5 Outras DCV 5 Outras DCV
3 Cardiopatia 67hipertensiva
Fibrilação atrial
Aneurisma aórtico
7 Aneurisma aórtico
8 Cardiopatia reumática 8 D. valvar não reumática
4 Cardiomiopatia
9 D. valvar não reumática 9 D. vascular periférica 4 Cardiomiopatia
10 Endocardite 10 Endocardite
5 Outras DCV11 D. vascular periférica 11 Cardiopatia reumática 5 Outras DCV
6 Fibrilação atrial 6 Fibrilação atrial
Figura 1-2 – Ranking das causas de morte cardiovascular no Brasil, 1990 e 2017, de acordo com as taxas de mortalidade padronizadas por idade por 100
7 Aneurisma aórtico 7 Aneurisma aórtico
mil habitantes, ambos os sexos, 1990 e 2017.
8 Cardiopatia reumática
Dados derivados do Estudo Global Burden of Disease 2017 (GBD 2017).66 8 D. valvar não reumática
9 D. valvar não reumática 9 D. vascular periférica
10 Endocardite 10 Endocardite
Rio
M
Rio
ato
11 D. vascular periférica 11 Cardiopatia reumática

G
Dis
Sa
ra
Rio
G
G
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M
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Pa
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Ja
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Pa
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n
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Sa
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Ba
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l
D. cerebrovascular
Cardiopatia hipertensiva
Outras DCV
Cardiomiopatia
Fibrilação atrial
Oliveira et al., 2020 - Estatística Cardiovascular – Brasil Oliveira et al., 2020 - Estatística Cardiovascular – Brasil
Figura 1-2 – Ranking das causas de morte cardiovascular no Brasil, 1990 e 2017, de acordo com as taxas de mortalidade padronizadas por idade por 100
Aneurisma aórtico
Cardiopatia reumática
D. valvar não reumática
Endocardite
mil habitantes, ambos os sexos, 1990 e 2017.

D. vascular periférica
Dados derivados dodasEstudo

Figura 1-3 – Ranking Global
causas de morte Burden
cardiovascular
por idade por 100 mil habitantes, ambos os sexos.
por unidade of Disease
federativa brasileira em2017 (GBD
1990, de acordo com as2017). 66
taxas de mortalidade padronizadas

Rio
M
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ei
r
oa
im
ss
tin
ar
Su
Su
nt
hi
ib
ua
in
ul
ip
ai
rte
ra
na
as
as
co
re
ra
ro
Cardiopatia reumática ia
a
e
s
s
l
D. cerebrovascular
Figura 1-4 – Ranking das causas de morte cardiovascular por unidade federativa brasileira em 2017, de acordo com as taxas de mortalidade padronizadas
por idadeDCV
Outras por 100 mil habitantes, ambos os sexos.
Cardiomiopatia
Fibrilação atrial
Aneurisma aórtico
Cardiopatia reumática Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(3):308-439 325
Endocardite
Oliveira et al.
Oliveira et al. Estatística Cardiovascular – Brasil 2020
– Ranking das
Figura 1-3DOENÇAS causas de morte cardiovascular por unidade federativa brasileira em 1990, de acordo com as taxas de mortalidade padronizadas
CARDIOVASCULARES DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES Artigo Especial

Artigo Especial
por idade Epidemiologia
por 100 mil habitantes, ambos os sexos. Epidemiologia
B.2 - Taxa de mortalidade padronizada por
idade por doença cardiovascular (100 mil)
cardiovascular na população (%)
Ri
M
Ambos
o
Ri
at
Ambos
o
o
Feminino
Di
Sa
ra
Ri
G
G
Es
M
st
nd
M
Pe
ra
Feminino
ro
nt
Masculino
rit
pi
in
at
n
Am
ss
de
Sa
M
rn
rit
as
Ro
o
de
To
o
Masculino
do
Ro
Ca
ar
o
Al
am
o
Pa
Se
Fe
o
Ja
az
Pa
Am
c
n
G
do
do
an
ag
Ce
an
Sa
G
Ba
Pa
ra
ta
ro
No
do
de
ra
Pi
rg
on
er
bu
Pa
Ac
ra
oi
ap
ha
ei
rin
oa
im
ss
tin
a
Su
Su
nt
hi
ib
ua
ni
ul
ip
ai
rte
ra
na
as
as
co
re
ra
ra
ro
a
e
s
s
l
D. cerebrovascular
Outras DCV
Cardiomiopatia
Ano
Fibrilação atrial Ano
Aneurisma aórtico Figura 1-7 – Taxa de mortalidade padronizada por idade por doença cardiovascular, por 100 mil habitantes, por sexo, Brasil, 1990-2017.
Endocardite
Figura 1-5 – Prevalência percentual de doença cardiovascular, por sexo, no Brasil, 1990-2017. Dados derivados do Estudo Global Burden of Disease 2017 (GBD 2017).66
Oliveira
Dados derivados do Estudo Global
D. valvar não reumática Burden of et al.,20172020
Disease - Estatística
(GBD 2017). 66 Cardiovascular – Brasil Oliveira et al., 2020 - Estatística Cardiovascular – Brasil
Cardiopatia reumática
B.2 - Mortalidade proporcional por doença
Figura 1-4 – Ranking das causas de morte cardiovascular por unidade federativa brasileira em 2017, de acordo com as taxas de mortalidade padronizadas
cardiovascular, todas as idades (%)
cardiovascular padronizada por idade (100 mil)
por idade por 100 mil habitantes, ambos os sexos. Ambos
Dados derivados do Estudo Global Burden of Disease 2017 (GBD 2017).66 Ambos
Feminino
Masculino
Feminino
Masculino
Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(3):308-439 325

Ano
Ano
Figura 1-8 – Mortalidade proporcional por doença cardiovascular, por sexo, Brasil, 1990-2017.
2
Figura 1-6 – Taxa de prevalência de doença cardiovascular padronizada por idade, por 100 mil habitantes, por sexo, Brasil, 1990-2017.
17/12/22
Virani et al Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2021 Update: Chapter 14

DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES Chart 14-1. This
Virani et al DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2021 Update: Chapter 14
Epidemiologia chart shows that

from 2015 to Epidemiologia
2018 the highest
prevalence of
cardiovascular
Table 14-1. CVDs in the United States
CLINICAL STATEMENTS
disease in adults
CLINICAL STATEMENTS
was in those with
AND GUIDELINES
hypertension
over 80 years of
Table 14-1. Total CVD prevalence,* Prevalence, 2015– Mortality, 2018: all Hospital discharges,
AND GUIDELINES
age. Within this
age category,
This table
shows total Population group 2015–2018: age ≥20 y 2018: age ≥20 y† the highest
prevalence was ages‡ 2016: all ages Cost, 2016–2017
in females with
cardiovascular hypertension, fol-
disease preva- Both sexes 126 900 000 (49.2%) 26 100 000 (9.3%) lowed by males
with hyperten-
868 662 4 840 000 $363.4 Billion
lence includ- sion. There was
then a large drop
ing coronary Males 66 100 000 (54.1%) 13 700 000 (10.4%) in prevalence for 448 498 (51.6%)§ 2 629 000 $228.6 Billion
heart disease, males without
hypertension fol-
heart failure,
stroke, and Females 60 800 000 (44.4%) 12 400 000 (8.4%) lowed by an even
lower prevalence 420 164 (48.4%)§ 2 211 000 $134.8 Billion
for females with-
hypertension, out hypertension.
cardiovascu- NH White males 53.6% 10.4% Adults 60 to
79 years of age
344 013 … …
lar disease followed this
same pattern,
prevalence NH White females 42.1% 7.8% but with lower 326 069 … …
excluding prevalence in all
the aforemen-
hypertension, NH Black males 60.1% 11.0% tioned categories.
56 945 … …
mortal- In adults 40 to 59
years of age and
ity, hospital 20 to 39 years of
discharges NH Black females 58.8% 11.5% age, males with
hypertension
53 641 … …
and costs as- had the highest
prevalence of Chart 14-1. Prevalence of CVD in US adults ≥20 years of age by age and sex (NHANES, 2015–2018).
sociated with Hispanic males
Masc2000 52.3%
AHA Statistical Update – Circulation, 2021
8.7% cardiovascular 30 584 … …
cardiovascular disease, followed These data include coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and with and without hypertension.
by even lower CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; and NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
diseases. até 167,0
Hispanic females 42.7% 8.1% prevalence for 25 983 … …
Source: Unpublished National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tabulation using NHANES, 2015 to 2018.1
Much of the females with
hypertension.
information 167,0 207,0 There was then
in this table NH Asian males 52.0% 6.8% a large drop in 12 596 … …
is detailed in 207,0 228,0 prevalence for
females without
hypertension 20
the charts for NH Asian
228,0females
263,0 42.5% 4.2% to 39 years of 11 421‖ … …
the chapter. age and males
without hyper-
263,0 363,0
NH American Indian/ … … tension 40 to 59 4642 … …
years of age, fol-
lowed by slightly
Alaska Native lower prevalence
for males without
hypertension
20 to 39 years
CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; ellipses (…), data not available; and NH, non-Hispanic. of age and
females without
*Total CVD prevalence includes coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and hypertension. CVD prevalence rates do not include peripheral artery disease
hypertension 40
to 59 years of
(PAD) because the ankle brachial index measurement used to ascertain PAD was discontinued after the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
age. In all sex
and hyperten-
sion categories
2003 to 2004 cycle. reported in this
chart, prevalence
†Prevalence excluding hypertension. increased with
each age cat-
egory.
‡Mortality for Hispanic, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Asian and Pacific Islander people should be interpreted with caution because of inconsistencies
in reporting Hispanic origin or race on the death certificate compared with censuses, Chart surveys,
14-2.
and birth certificates. Studies have shown underreporting on death
certificates of American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian and Pacific Islander, and Hispanic decedents,
This chart
shows that as well as undercounts of these groups in censuses.
deaths at-
§These percentages represent the portion of total CVD mortality that is attributabletributable
to males to vs females.
diseases of the
‖Includes Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, Japanese, and other Asian or Pacific Islander people.
heart between
1900 and
Sources: Prevalence: Unpublished National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) tabulation
2018 climbed
steadily over using NHANES, 2015 to 2018.1 Percentages for racial/ethnic groups
time until
are age adjusted for Americans ≥20 years of age. Age-specific percentages are extrapolated 1985 when to the
Chart 2018
14-2. DeathsUS population
attributable to diseasesestimates.
of the heart,Mortality:
United States, Unpublished
1900 to 2018. NHLBI
they began See Glossary (Chapter 29) for an explanation of diseases of the heart. In the years 1900 to 1920, the International Classification of Diseases codes were 77 to 80;
tabulation using National Vital Statistics System.36 These data represent underlying causetoRates
ofbegan
death for only forto International
90; for 1930 to 1945,Classification of1960,
Diseases,
402 to 40410th Revision
to 443; for codes
decrease.
1925, 87 90 to 95; for 1950 to and 410 1965, 402 to 404 and 410 to 443; for 1970 to 1975, 390 to
to increase
I00 to I99 (diseases of the circulatory system). Mortality for NH Asian people includes Pacific
again be-Islander people. Hospital discharges: Unpublished NHLBI tabulation using
398 and 404 to 429; for 1980 to 1995, 390 to 398, 402, and 404 to 429; and for 2000 to 2018, I00 to I09, I11, I13, and I20 to I51. Before 1933, data are for a
Oliveira et al.
tween 2012 death registration area, not the entire United States. In 1900, only 10 states were included in the death registration area, and this increased over the years, so part
Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project.40 Cost: Unpublished

Artigo Especial NHLBI tabulation using Medical
and 2018, Expenditure
although
of the increase Panel
in numbers Survey,
of deaths
44
is average
attributable to annual
an increase 2016
in the to
number2017
of (direct
states. costs)
Source: Unpublished National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tabulation using National Vital Statistics System. 36
and mortality data from National Center for Health Statistics, and present value of lifetime earnings
the number
of deaths in from the Institute for Health and Aging, University of California,
2018 was
San Francisco (indirect costs).
DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES 116,000 Virani et al
deaths lower
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2021 Update: Chapter 14
than in 1985.
DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES
Epidemiologia Epidemiologia
CLINICAL STATEMENTS
AND GUIDELINES
Table 14-2. Age-Adjusted Death Rates per 100 000 Population for CVD, CHD, and Stroke, by State, 2016 to 2018
Table 14-2. Masc2017 Fem2000 Masc2000
2000
até 167,0 até 167,0
ß M/ H à
167,0 207,0 167,0 207,0
This table até 167,0 CVD

207,0
228,0
228,0
263,0 CHD
207,0
228,0
228,0
263,0 Stroke
shows that the 263,0 363,0 263,0 363,0
Chart 14-14.
age-adjusted 167,0 207,0 Circulation. 2021;143:e00–e00. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950 February 23, 2021 This chart
e233that,
death rates for % Change, % Change, % Change, shows
using the
207,0 228,0 most recent
cardiovascular Death 2006–2008 to Death 2006–2008 to Death 2006–2008 to data available
disease from
State228,0 263,0 from either
2016 to 2018 Rank rate 2016–2018 Rank rate 2016–2018 Rank rate 2016–2018 2017 or 2018
from each of
were highest 263,0 363,0 5 countries of
interest, death
in Mississippi, Alabama 51 293.3 −11.1 20 84.7 −27.6 51 51.0 −11.4 rates from
cardiovascular
Alabama, and disease in
Oklahoma. Alaska 8 188.2 −13.3 8 71.7 −17.9 31 38.0 −18.2 adults 35
to 74 years
Death rates for of age were
highest in
coronary heart
disease were Arizona 7 187.4 Fem2017
−15.3 Masc2017
25 87.2 −28.2 9 30.5 −14.5 Hungar-
2017
até 167,0
até 167,0
até 167,0
167,0 207,0
ian males,
167,0 207,0
followed by
highest in Ar- 207,0 228,0 207,0 228,0
Hungarian
Arkansas 49 284.0 −9.3
228,0 263,0
52 135.6 −14.4 45 43.6 −25.5

228,0 263,0
kansas, West 263,0 363,0 263,0 363,0 females, then

US males,
Virginia, and US females,
German
Oklahoma. California 18 198.0 −20.6 23 86.1 −34.7 27 37.2 −14.9
Chart 14-14. Death rates for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in selected countries for adults 35 to 74 years of age, 2017 to 2018. males, Ger-
And death Oliveira et al., 2020 - Estatística
Figura 1-9 – Cardiovascular – Brasil Rates are adjusted to the European Standard Population. International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes are I00 to I99 for CVD.
AHA Statistical Update – Circulation, 2021 man females,
Swedish
rates for stroke com sexo, 2000 e 2017. *Number in parentheses indicates year of most recent data available (17 is 2017 and 18 is 2018). males, Aus-
were highest Colorado 3 174.0 −15.7
56 2 63.7 −31.6 19 35.3 −8.8
Source: Unpublished National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tabulation using World Health Organization Mortality Database.47 tralian males,
Australian
in Mississippi, females, and
Alabama, and Connecticut 6 183.5 −16.3 11 76.1 −25.4 3 27.1 −19.7 lastly Swedish
females.
Louisiana.
Delaware 31 218.0 −13.4 31 92.0 −31.8 47 44.8 11.1
District of 42 252.4 −21.6 45 110.1 −40.3 25 36.5 −6.6
328 Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(3):308-439
Columbia
Florida 20 198.9 −14.1 27 90.8 −28.9 34 38.6 6.1

Georgia 38 238.8 −16.3 9 73.5 −28.5 46 43.7 −15.3
Hawaii 5 176.2 −14.5 5 66.3 −20.1 24 36.4 −14.1
Idaho 27 210.0 −8.1 16 82.9 −20.4 29 37.3 −19.2
Chart 14-15. (Continued )
This chart
shows that,
3
using the most
recent data
available from
either 2017 or
2018 for each
of 5 countries
Circulation. 2021;143:e00–e00. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950 of interest,
death rates
February 23, 2021 e231
Chart 14-15. Death rates for coronary heart disease (CHD) in selected countries for adults 35 to 74 years of age, 2017 to 2018.
from coronary
heart disease Rates are adjusted to the European Standard Population. International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes are I20 to I25 for CHD.
in adults 35 to
74 years of age *Number in parentheses indicates year of most recent data available (17 is 2017 and 18 is 2018).
were highest Source: Unpublished National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tabulation using World Health Organization Mortality Database.47
in Hungarian
males, followed
by US males,
Hungarian fe-
males, German
males, Swedish
females, Aus-
tralian males,
Virani et al Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2021 Update: Chapter 14
17/12/22
CLINICAL STATEMENTS
Chart 14-18.
Chart 14-18. Hospital discharges for cardiovascular disease, United States, 1993 to 2016.
This chart
AND GUIDELINES
shows that
US hospital
Hospital discharges include people discharged alive, dead, and status unknown. discharges for
cardiovascu-
lar disease
*Data not available for 2015. Readers comparing data across years should note that beginning between 1993
and 2016 October 1, 2015, a transition was made from International
started at 5.3
Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision to International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision.
as high as 6.1 This should be kept in consideration because coding changes could
million, rose to
million in 2001,
affect some statistics, especially when comparisons are made across these years. and declined
to 4.8 million
in 2016. There
Source: Unpublished National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tabulation using Healthcare Cost
were more
discharges for
males each year
and Utilization Project.40
than females.
Chart 14-18. Hospital discharges for cardiovascular disease, United States, 1993 to 2016.
Hospital discharges include people discharged alive, dead, and status unknown.
*Data not available for 2015. Readers comparing data across years should note that beginning October 1, 2015, a transition was made from International
Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision to International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. This should be kept in consideration because coding changes could
affect some statistics, especially when comparisons are made across these years.
Source: Unpublished National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tabulation using Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project.40
DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO E DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES

Epidemiologia Objetivos
Adaptações cardiovasculares aos diferentes tipos de exercício
(agudas e crônicas)
Benefícios gerais do exercício físico
(aptidão física e qualidade de vida)

Chart 14-19.
This map
shows that
the highest
mortal-
ity rates
attributable
to CVD were
Continuidade à Benefícios
in Eastern
Europe and
Central Asia
in 2019.
Chart 14-19.
Chart 14-19. Age-standardized global mortality rates of cardiovascular disease per 100 000, both sexes, 2019. This map
Source: Data derived from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington.45 Printed with permission. shows that
Copyright © 2020, University of Washington. Detailed results are available on the Global Burden of Disease Study website.48 the highest
mortal-
ity rates
attributable
to CVD were
in Eastern
e242 February 23, 2021 Circulation. 2021;143:e00–e00. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950
Europe and
Central Asia
in 2019.
Chart 14-19. Age-standardized global mortality rates of cardiovascular disease per 100 000, both sexes, 2019.
Source: Data derived from Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington.45 Printed with permission.
Copyright © 2020, University of Washington. Detailed results are available on the Global Burden of Disease Study website.48
e242 February 23, 2021 Circulation. 2021;143:e00–e00. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950
EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO E DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES

Fatores de risco modificáveis Fisiopatologia
• HIPERTENSÃO - Principal característica: ATEROSCLEROSE
Doença inflamatória crônica de origem multifatorial que ocorre

• Diabetes
em resposta à agressão endotelial, acometendo principalmente
• Tabagismo a camada íntima de artérias de médio e grande calibre.
• Obesidade
• Dislipidemia Infarto agudo do miocárdio
Acidente vascular encefálico

• SEDENTARISMO
Insuficiência cardíaca
Chobanian et al. 2003 - Hypertension Simão et al. 2013 - Arq Bras Cardiol.
4
17/12/22
SAÚDE CARDIOVASCULAR
Principais componentes
Virani et al Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2021 Update: Summary
Cardiovascular Health (Chapter 2)
CLINICAL STATEMENTS
Perfil glicêmico Alimentação•saudável
The 5 US states with the highest health-adjusted
AND GUIDELINES
life expectancy at birth include Hawaii, Minnesota,
California, Connecticut, and Nebraska. The 5 US
states with the lowest health-adjusted life expec-
tancy at birth include West Virginia, Kentucky,
Perfil lipídico Índice Alabama,
de Oklahoma, and Louisiana.
massa corporal
• High body mass index, high fasting plasma glu-
cose, and smoking are the first, second, and third
leading years lived with disability and injury risk fac-
tors in the United States in both 1990 and 2019,
whereas smoking dropped from first to third lead-
ing years lived with disability and injury risk factor
during this time period.
• Smoking and high systolic BP remained the first
Pressão arterial Atividade Física
and second leading years of life lost risk factors in
Figure 1. This the United States in both 1990 and 2019.
figure depicts
the American • High systolic BP and smoking are the first and sec-
Heart As-
sociation’s 7 ond leading years of life lost risk factors globally in
Tabagismo
key areas of
Life’s Simple Figure. AHA’s My Life Check–Life’s Simple 7. 2019.
7 that people
can improve Seven approaches to staying heart healthy: be active, keep a healthy weight, • High fasting plasma glucose and high body mass
with lifestyle learn about cholesterol, do not smoke or use smokeless tobacco, eat a
changes:
heart-healthy diet, keep blood pressure healthy, and learn about blood sugar index were the first and second leading years lived
smoking
status, and diabetes.1 AHA indicates American Heart Association; HDL, high-density with disability and injury risk factors globally in
physical activ-
lipoprotein; and LDL, low-density lipoprotein. 2019.
ity, weight,
diet, blood AHA Statistical Update – Circulation, 2021
glucose,
Virani et al Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2021 Update: Chapter 2 cholesterol,
and blood
glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular
pressure. health. The Statistical Update represents a critical re- Smoking/Tobacco Use (Chapter 3)
source for the lay public, policy makers, media pro- • The prevalence of cigarette use in the past 30 days
fessionals, clinicians, health care administrators, re- among middle and high school students in the United
searchers, health advocates, and others seeking the
CLINICAL STATEMENTS
States was 2.3% and 5.8%, respectively, in 2019.

Chart 2-4. This best available data on these factors and conditions. • Although there has been a consistent decline in
AND GUIDELINES
chart shows
trends in the Cardiovascular disease (CVD) produces immense adult and youth cigarette use in the United States,
prevalence health and economic burdens in the United States significant disparities persist. Substantially higher
of meeting
ideal criteria
and globally. The Statistical Update also presents the tobacco use prevalence rates are observed in
in individual latest data on a range of major clinical heart and American Indian/Alaska Native individuals and les-
components of circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, con-
cardiovascular bian, gay, and bisexual populations.
health for US genital HD, rhythm disorders, subclinical atheroscle- • Over the past 8 years, there has been a sharp
children 12 rosis, coronary HD [CHD], heart failure [HF], valvular increase in electronic cigarette use among adoles-
to 19 years of
age between HD, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) cents, increasing from 1.5% to 27.4% between
1999 and and the associated outcomes (including quality of 2011 and 2019; electronic cigarettes are now
2018. There
was a slight care, procedures, and economic costs). Since 2007, the most commonly used tobacco product in this
and general the annual versions of the Statistical Update have demographic.
decline in the
percentage
been cited >20 000 times in the literature. • Tobacco use was the second leading cause of dis-
of children Each annual version of the Statistical Update under- ability-adjusted life-years in the United States in
meeting ideal
criteria for
goes revisions to include the newest nationally repre- 2016. Globally, smoking accounted for 8.7 million
diabetes and sentative available data, add additional relevant pub- deaths worldwide in 2019.
BMI over time. Chart 2-5. lished scientific findings, remove older information, add
There was a This chart • Tobacco 21 legislation was signed into law in
slight gen-
shows new sections or chapters, and increase the number of December 2019, increasing the federal minimum
trends in
eral increase in the preva- ways to access and use the assembled information. This age for sale of tobacco products from 18 to 21
meeting ideal lence of
criteria for meeting year-long process, which begins as soon as the previ- years. In January 2020, the US Food and Drug
blood pressure ideal ous Statistical Update is published, is performed by the Administration issued a policy prioritizing enforce-
criteria in
and choles-
terol over time.
individual AHA Statistics Committee faculty volunteers and staff ment against the development and distribution of
compo-
There was Chart 2-4. Trends in prevalence (unadjusted) of meeting ideal criteria for individual components of cardiovascular health (CVH) among US children nents of and government agency partners. Below are a few certain unauthorized flavored electronic cigarette
an increase 12 to 19 years of age, 1999 to 2000 through 2017 to 2018. cardio-
highlights from this year’s Statistical Update. Please see products such as fruit and mint flavors (ie, any fla-
in meeting vascular
Error bars represent 95% CI. Data for the Healthy Diet Score, based on a 2-day average intake, were available only for the 2003 to 2004, 2005 to 2006, 2007
ideal criteria
health for
US adults
each chapter for references and additional information. vors other than tobacco and menthol).
for smoking
to 2008, 2009 to 2010, 2011 to 2012, 2013 to 2014, and 2015 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles at the time of this
over 20
over time. analysis. Data on diet and diabetes were not available for NHANES 2017 to 2018 at the time of these analyses. years
Meeting ideal BMI indicates body mass index; BP, blood pressure; and PA, physical activity. of age
criteria for diet between
*Because of changes in the PA questionnaire between NHANES cycles 1999 to 2006 and 2007 to 2016, prevalence trends over time for this CVH component 1999 and Circulation. 2021;143:e00–e00. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950 February 23, 2021 e3
was close to
should be interpreted with caution, and statistical comparisons should not be attempted. Trend lines are absent between these time frames as an indicator of this 2018.
zero percent There was
for all years issue. Data collection methodology for PA was changed in 2017 to 2018 for participants <18 years of age, resulting in an inability to estimate prevalence of ideal a general
with available PA levels in this age group during this cycle. decline in
data through
Source: Unpublished American Heart Association tabulation using NHANES, 1999 to 2000 through 2017 to 2018.54
the per-
centage
2016. There
of adults
was a gen-
eral increase in
meeting ideal
Principais componentes meeting
ideal
criteria for Principais componentes
Virani et al Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2021 Update: Summary
criteria for diabetes

and BMI
physical activ-
ity between
over time. Cardiovascular Health (Chapter 2)
CLINICAL STATEMENTS
There
1999 and was a Perfil glicêmico Alimentação•saudável
AND GUIDELINES
2006, but small but
then a large general life expectancy at birth include Hawaii, Minnesota,
increase
decrease that
stayed con-
in meet- California, Connecticut, and Nebraska. The 5 US
ing ideal
sistent from criteria for states with the lowest health-adjusted life expec-
2007 to 2016. smoking,
Meeting ideal blood tancy at birth include West Virginia, Kentucky,
criteria for diet
pressure,
and cho-
was close to
zero percent
lesterol
over time.
massa corporal
for all years There was cose, and smoking are the first, second, and third
a general
with available
increase leading years lived with disability and injury risk fac-
data through
2016.
in meet- tors in the United States in both 1990 and 2019,
ing ideal
criteria for whereas smoking dropped from first to third lead-
physical
activity ing years lived with disability and injury risk factor
between during this time period.
1999 and
2006, but • Smoking and high systolic BP remained the first
then a
decrease
in 2007 Pressão arterial
Figure 1. This
Atividadeand Física
second leading years of life lost risk factors in
the United States in both 1990 and 2019.
to 2008 figure depicts
that has the American • High systolic BP and smoking are the first and sec-
increased Heart As-
from sociation’s 7 ond leading years of life lost risk factors globally in
2007 to
Tabagismo
key areas of
2018. Life’s Simple Figure. AHA’s My Life Check–Life’s Simple 7. 2019.
Meeting 7 that people
can improve Seven approaches to staying heart healthy: be active, keep a healthy weight, • High fasting plasma glucose and high body mass
ideal with lifestyle learn about cholesterol, do not smoke or use smokeless tobacco, eat a
Chart 2-5. Age-standardized trends in prevalence of meeting ideal criteria for individual components of cardiovascular health (CVH) among US criteria for changes:
diet was smoking
adults ≥20 years of age, 1999 to 2000 through 2017 to 2018. close to status, and diabetes.1 AHA indicates American Heart Association; HDL, high-density with disability and injury risk factors globally in
zero per- physical activ-
Error bars represent 95% CI. Data for the Healthy Diet Score, based on a 2-day average intake, were available only for the 2003 to 2004, 2005 to 2006, 2007 lipoprotein; and LDL, low-density lipoprotein. 2019.
to 2008, 2009 to 2010, 2011 to 2012, 2013 to 2014, and 2015 to 2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles at the time of this
cent for
all years
ity, weight,
diet, blood
glucose,
analysis. Data on diet and diabetes were not available for NHANES 2017 to 2018 at the time of this analysis. with avail- cholesterol, glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular
able data and blood
BMI indicates body mass index; BP, blood pressure; and PA, physical activity. through pressure. health. The Statistical Update represents a critical re- Smoking/Tobacco Use (Chapter 3)
*Because of changes in the PA questionnaire between NHANES cycles 1999 to 2006 and 2007 to 2018, prevalence trends over time for this CVH component should 2016.
source for the lay public, policy makers, media pro- • The prevalence of cigarette use in the past 30 days
be interpreted with caution, and statistical comparisons should not be attempted. Trend lines are absent between these time frames as an indicator of this issue.
Source: Unpublished American Heart Association tabulation using NHANES, 1999 to 2000 through 2017 to 2018.54
fessionals, clinicians, health care administrators, re- among middle and high school students in the United
searchers, health advocates, and others seeking the States was 2.3% and 5.8%, respectively, in 2019.
Circulation. 2021;143:e00–e00. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950 February 23, 2021 e35 best available data on these factors and conditions. • Although there has been a consistent decline in
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) produces immense adult and youth cigarette use in the United States,
health and economic burdens in the United States significant disparities persist. Substantially higher
and globally. The Statistical Update also presents the tobacco use prevalence rates are observed in
latest data on a range of major clinical heart and American Indian/Alaska Native individuals and les-
circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, con- bian, gay, and bisexual populations.
genital HD, rhythm disorders, subclinical atheroscle- • Over the past 8 years, there has been a sharp
rosis, coronary HD [CHD], heart failure [HF], valvular increase in electronic cigarette use among adoles-
HD, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) cents, increasing from 1.5% to 27.4% between
and the associated outcomes (including quality of 2011 and 2019; electronic cigarettes are now
care, procedures, and economic costs). Since 2007, the most commonly used tobacco product in this
the annual versions of the Statistical Update have demographic.
been cited >20 000 times in the literature. • Tobacco use was the second leading cause of dis-
Each annual version of the Statistical Update under- ability-adjusted life-years in the United States in
goes revisions to include the newest nationally repre- 2016. Globally, smoking accounted for 8.7 million
sentative available data, add additional relevant pub- deaths worldwide in 2019.
lished scientific findings, remove older information, add • Tobacco 21 legislation was signed into law in
5
new sections or chapters, and increase the number of December 2019, increasing the federal minimum
ways to access and use the assembled information. This age for sale of tobacco products from 18 to 21
year-long process, which begins as soon as the previ- years. In January 2020, the US Food and Drug
ous Statistical Update is published, is performed by the Administration issued a policy prioritizing enforce-
AHA Statistics Committee faculty volunteers and staff ment against the development and distribution of
and government agency partners. Below are a few certain unauthorized flavored electronic cigarette
highlights from this year’s Statistical Update. Please see products such as fruit and mint flavors (ie, any fla-
each chapter for references and additional information. vors other than tobacco and menthol).
Circulation. 2021;143:e00–e00. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950 February 23, 2021 e3

17/12/22
SAÚDE CARDIOVASCULAR SAÚDE CARDIOVASCULAR

Principais componentes Principais componentes
Virani et al Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2021 Update: Summary Virani et al Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2021 Update: Summary
Cardiovascular Health (Chapter 2) Cardiovascular Health (Chapter 2)
CLINICAL STATEMENTS
CLINICAL STATEMENTS
AND GUIDELINES
AND GUIDELINES
life expectancy at birth include Hawaii, Minnesota, life expectancy at birth include Hawaii, Minnesota,
California, Connecticut, and Nebraska. The 5 US California, Connecticut, and Nebraska. The 5 US
states with the lowest health-adjusted life expec- states with the lowest health-adjusted life expec-
tancy at birth include West Virginia, Kentucky, tancy at birth include West Virginia, Kentucky,
de Oklahoma, and Louisiana. Perfil lipídico Índice Alabama,
massa corporal
• High body mass index, high fasting plasma glu- massa corporal
cose, and smoking are the first, second, and third cose, and smoking are the first, second, and third
leading years lived with disability and injury risk fac- leading years lived with disability and injury risk fac-
tors in the United States in both 1990 and 2019, tors in the United States in both 1990 and 2019,
whereas smoking dropped from first to third lead- whereas smoking dropped from first to third lead-
ing years lived with disability and injury risk factor ing years lived with disability and injury risk factor
during this time period. during this time period.
• Smoking and high systolic BP remained the first • Smoking and high systolic BP remained the first
Pressão arterial Atividadeand Física
second leading years of life lost risk factors in
Pressão arterial Atividade Física
and second leading years of life lost risk factors in
Figure 1. This the United States in both 1990 and 2019. Figure 1. This the United States in both 1990 and 2019.
figure depicts figure depicts
the American • High systolic BP and smoking are the first and sec- the American • High systolic BP and smoking are the first and sec-
Heart As- Heart As-
sociation’s 7 ond leading years of life lost risk factors globally in sociation’s 7 ond leading years of life lost risk factors globally in
Tabagismo Tabagismo
key areas of key areas of
Life’s Simple Figure. AHA’s My Life Check–Life’s Simple 7. 2019. Life’s Simple Figure. AHA’s My Life Check–Life’s Simple 7. 2019.
7 that people 7 that people
can improve Seven approaches to staying heart healthy: be active, keep a healthy weight, • High fasting plasma glucose and high body mass can improve Seven approaches to staying heart healthy: be active, keep a healthy weight, • High fasting plasma glucose and high body mass
with lifestyle learn about cholesterol, do not smoke or use smokeless tobacco, eat a with lifestyle learn about cholesterol, do not smoke or use smokeless tobacco, eat a
changes:
heart-healthy diet, keep blood pressure healthy, and learn about blood sugar index were the first and second leading years lived changes:
smoking smoking
status, and diabetes.1 AHA indicates American Heart Association; HDL, high-density with disability and injury risk factors globally in status, and diabetes.1 AHA indicates American Heart Association; HDL, high-density with disability and injury risk factors globally in
physical activ- physical activ-
lipoprotein; and LDL, low-density lipoprotein. 2019. lipoprotein; and LDL, low-density lipoprotein. 2019.
ity, weight,
diet, blood AHA Statistical Update – Circulation, 2021 ity, weight,
diet, blood
glucose, glucose,
cholesterol,
and blood
glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular cholesterol,
and blood
glucose control) that contribute to cardiovascular
pressure. health. The Statistical Update represents a critical re- Smoking/Tobacco Use (Chapter 3) pressure. health. The Statistical Update represents a critical re- Smoking/Tobacco Use (Chapter 3)
source for the lay public, policy makers, media pro- • The prevalence of cigarette use in the past 30 days source for the lay public, policy makers, media pro- • The prevalence of cigarette use in the past 30 days

fessionals, clinicians, health care administrators, re- among middle and high school students in the United fessionals, clinicians, health care administrators, re- among middle and high school students in the United
searchers, health advocates, and others seeking the States was 2.3% and 5.8%, respectively, in 2019. searchers, health advocates, and others seeking the States was 2.3% and 5.8%, respectively, in 2019.
best available data on these factors and conditions. • Although there has been a consistent decline in best available data on these factors and conditions. • Although there has been a consistent decline in
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) produces immense adult and youth cigarette use in the United States, Cardiovascular disease (CVD) produces immense adult and youth cigarette use in the United States,
health and economic burdens in the United States significant disparities persist. Substantially higher health and economic burdens in the United States significant disparities persist. Substantially higher
and globally. The Statistical Update also presents the tobacco use prevalence rates are observed in and globally. The Statistical Update also presents the tobacco use prevalence rates are observed in
latest data on a range of major clinical heart and American Indian/Alaska Native individuals and les- latest data on a range of major clinical heart and American Indian/Alaska Native individuals and les-
circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, con- bian, gay, and bisexual populations. circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, con- bian, gay, and bisexual populations.
genital HD, rhythm disorders, subclinical atheroscle- • Over the past 8 years, there has been a sharp genital HD, rhythm disorders, subclinical atheroscle- • Over the past 8 years, there has been a sharp
rosis, coronary HD [CHD], heart failure [HF], valvular increase in electronic cigarette use among adoles- rosis, coronary HD [CHD], heart failure [HF], valvular increase in electronic cigarette use among adoles-
HD, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) cents, increasing from 1.5% to 27.4% between HD, venous disease, and peripheral artery disease) cents, increasing from 1.5% to 27.4% between
and the associated outcomes (including quality of 2011 and 2019; electronic cigarettes are now and the associated outcomes (including quality of 2011 and 2019; electronic cigarettes are now
care, procedures, and economic costs). Since 2007, the most commonly used tobacco product in this care, procedures, and economic costs). Since 2007, the most commonly used tobacco product in this
the annual versions of the Statistical Update have demographic. the annual versions of the Statistical Update have demographic.
been cited >20 000 times in the literature. • Tobacco use was the second leading cause of dis- been cited >20 000 times in the literature. • Tobacco use was the second leading cause of dis-
Each annual version of the Statistical Update under- ability-adjusted life-years in the United States in Each annual version of the Statistical Update under- ability-adjusted life-years in the United States in
goes revisions to include the newest nationally repre- 2016. Globally, smoking accounted for 8.7 million goes revisions to include the newest nationally repre- 2016. Globally, smoking accounted for 8.7 million
sentative available data, add additional relevant pub- deaths worldwide in 2019. sentative available data, add additional relevant pub- deaths worldwide in 2019.
lished scientific findings, remove older information, add • Tobacco 21 legislation was signed into law in lished scientific findings, remove older information, add • Tobacco 21 legislation was signed into law in
new sections or chapters, and increase the number of December 2019, increasing the federal minimum new sections or chapters, and increase the number of December 2019, increasing the federal minimum
ways to access and use the assembled information. This age for sale of tobacco products from 18 to 21 ways to access and use the assembled information. This age for sale of tobacco products from 18 to 21
year-long process, which begins as soon as the previ- years. In January 2020, the US Food and Drug year-long process, which begins as soon as the previ- years. In January 2020, the US Food and Drug
ous Statistical Update is published, is performed by the Administration issued a policy prioritizing enforce- ous Statistical Update is published, is performed by the Administration issued a policy prioritizing enforce-
AHA Statistics Committee faculty volunteers and staff ment against the development and distribution of AHA Statistics Committee faculty volunteers and staff ment against the development and distribution of
and government agency partners. Below are a few certain unauthorized flavored electronic cigarette and government agency partners. Below are a few certain unauthorized flavored electronic cigarette
highlights from this year’s Statistical Update. Please see products such as fruit and mint flavors (ie, any fla- highlights from this year’s Statistical Update. Please see products such as fruit and mint flavors (ie, any fla-
each chapter for references and additional information. vors other than tobacco and menthol). each chapter for references and additional information. vors other than tobacco and menthol).
Circulation. 2021;143:e00–e00. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950 February 23, 2021 e3 Circulation. 2021;143:e00–e00. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950 February 23, 2021 e3
FISIOLOGIA CARDIOVASCULAR
Ciclo Cardíaco
Sistema Cardiovascular Inclui todos os eventos mecânicos e elétricos durante

um batimento cardíaco completo.
e Exercício Físico
Abrange o tempo entre uma sístole e a seguinte
Physiology of sport and exercise - Kenney, Wilmore & CosFll, 2012
6
17/12/22
Chapter 9 Heart: Myocardium and Cardiac Cycle

The Cardiac Cycle at Rest and

The Cardiac Cycle at Rest and
During CARDIOVASCULAR
FISIOLOGIA Exercise During Exercise FISIOLOGIA CARDIOVASCULAR
Ciclo Cardíaco Arritmia Cardíaca
Ritmo irregular do coração ocasionado por distúrbios

na sequência normal dos eventos cardíacos.
Bradicardia – FC menor que 60 bpm
Taquicardia – FC maior que 100 bpm
Repouso x Exercício
Copyright ©2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
FISIOLOGIA CARDIOVASCULAR FISIOLOGIA CARDIOVASCULAR

Volume Sistólico Fração de Ejeção
Volume de sangue ejetado durante um batimento. Fração de sangue ejetada pelo ventrículo esquerdo em relação a
quantidade de sangue que estava no ventrículo antes dessa contração.
(contração à sístole)
Expressa em porcentagem (%)

Volume Sistólico:
(volume diastólico final) – (volume sistólico final)

Uso clínico:
índice da capacidade de bombeamento do coração
7
17/12/22

Débito Cardíaco Débito Cardíaco
Volume total de sangue ejetado pelo ventrículo por minuto. Adulto em repouso (em média):
• Volume sistólico = 60-80ml

Débito Cardíaco: • Frequência cardíaca = 60-80bpm
Frequência cardíaca x Volume sistólico
Débito cardíaco = 4,2-5,6 litros
FIRST PAGES
IN SUMMARY Transition from Rest to Exercise

■ Oxygen delivery to exercising skeletal muscle At the beginning of exercise there is a rapid increase
increases due to (1) an increased cardiac out- in heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output. It has
put and (2) a redistribution of blood flow from been demonstrated that heart rate and cardiac output
inactive organs to the contracting skeletal begin to increase within the first second after muscu-
muscles. lar contraction begins (see figure 9.25). If the work
■ Cardiac output increases as a linear function of rate is constant and below the lactate threshold, a
oxygen uptake during exercise. During exercise steady-state plateau in heart rate, stroke volume, and
in the upright position, stroke volume reaches a cardiac output is reached within two to three minutes.
plateau at approximately 40–60% of V̇O2 max; This response is similar to that observed in oxygen
therefore, at work rates above 40–60% V̇O2 max, uptake at the beginning of exercise (see chapter 4).
the rise in cardiac output is due to increases in
heart rate alone. Recovery from Exercise
■ During exercise, blood flow to contracting mus-
FIRST PAGES cle is increased, and blood flow to less-active Recovery from short-term, low-intensity exercise is gen-
tissues is reduced. erally rapid. This is illustrated in figure 9.25. Notice that
■ Regulation of muscle blood flow during exercise heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output all decrease
is primarily regulated by local factors (called rapidly back toward resting levels following this type of
Chapter 9 Changes in Oxygen Delivery to Muscle During Exercise autoregulation). Autoregulation refers to intrin- exercise. Recovery speed varies from individual to indi-
vidual, with well-conditioned subjects demonstrating
Changes in
sic control of blood flow by change in local
Precapillary sphincters
240 Systolic
Blood pressure
metabolites (e.g., oxygen tension, pH, potas- better recuperative powers than untrained subjects. In
Circulatory Responses to Exercise
(mm Hg)
200 Chapter 9
sium, adenosine, and nitric oxide) around regard to recovery heart rates, the slopes of heart-rate
Cardiovascular
160 Mean decay following exercise are generally the same for
Arterioles
arterioles.
Comportamento durante o exercício
120
80
até exaustão
Left Large
ventricle arteries Capillaries Venules
Large
veins
Diastolic Comportamento duranteTransition Fromsubmáximo
o exercício Rest to Exercise to
Recovery
120
Variables During
25 50 75 100
Exercise Recovery
100 15
Cardiac output
CIRCULATORY
DébitoRESPONSES
Exercise
( • min−1)
Stroke volume
~40% VO
˙ 2 max
cardíaco
Pressure (mm Hg)
(ml•beat−1)
80 140 10
60
Volume sistólico 120 TO EXERCISE
100 5
40
80 The changes in heart rate and blood pressure that
25 50 75 100 occur during exercise reflect the type and intensity of
120
Stroke volume
20 exercise performed, the duration of exercise, and the

(ml • beat−1)
environmental conditions under which the work was 100

0 25 Volume sistólico
Cardiac output
Exchange Capacitance performed. For example, heart rate and blood pres-
(!•min−1)
Resistance vessels vessels vessels 20 80

sure are higher during arm work when compared to
Figure 9.21
Débito cardíaco
Pressure changes across the systemic circula-
15
leg work at a given oxygen uptake. Further, exercise in
10
tion. Notice the large pressure drop across the arterioles. a hot/humid condition results in higher heart rates 140
5
when compared to the same exercise in a cool envi-
25 50 75 100 120
(beats • min−1)
ronment. The next several sections discuss the car-

Heart rate
CHANGES IN OXYGEN Frequência

diovascular responses cardíaca
to exercise during a variety of 100
DELIVERY TO MUSCLE exercise conditions. 80

(beats•min−1)
200
DURING EXERCISE
Heart rate
60
Frequência cardíaca 150
During intense exercise, the metabolic need for oxy-

100 Emotional Influence 0
50 0 10 20
gen in skeletal muscle increases many times over the Submaximal exercise in an emotionally charged Rest Exercise Recovery
resting value. To meet this rise in oxygen demand, 25 50 75 100
atmosphere results in higher heart rates and blood Exercise and recovery time (min)
blood flow to the contracting muscle must increase.
pressures when compared to the same work in a psy-
As mentioned earlier, increased oxygen delivery to Copyright ©2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Figure 9.25 Changes in cardiac output, stroke volume,
exercising skeletal muscle is accomplished via two 18
chologically “neutral” environment. This emotional
Arteriovenous
and heart rate during the transition from rest to submaxi-

O2 difference
(ml•100ml−1)
mechanisms: (1) an increased cardiac output and (2) elevation in heart rate and blood pressure response
mal constant intensity exercise and during recovery. See
a redistribution of blood flow from inactive organs to 12 to exercise is mediated by an increase in sympathetic
text for discussion. Data from L. Rowell, 1974, “Human
the working skeletal muscle. nervous system activity. If the exercise is maximal Cardiovascular Adjustments to Exercise and Thermal
6 (e.g., 400-meter dash), high emotion elevates the pre- Stress,” American Physiological Society, Bethesda, MD:
Changes in Cardiac Output 25 50 75 100 exercise heart rate and blood pressure but does not Physiological Reviews, 54:75–159; and L. Rowell, Human
During Exercise Percent VO
˙ 2 max generally alter the peak heart rate or blood pressure Circulation: Regulation During Physical Stress. 1986: Oxford
Cardiac output increases during exercise in direct pro- Figure 9.22 Changes in blood pressure, stroke volume, observed during the exercise itself. University Press, New York, NY.
Copyright
portion to the metabolic rate required to perform ©2012 The
the McGraw-Hill
cardiac Companies,
output, heart Inc.arterial–mixed
rate, and the All Rights Reserved.
venous
exercise task. This is shown in figure 9.22. Note that the oxygen difference as a function of relative work rates.
See text for details.
relationship between cardiac output and percent maxi- www.mhhe.com/powers8e Chapter Nine Circulatory Responses to Exercise 211
mal oxygen uptake is essentially linear. The increase in
cardiac output during exercise in the upright position
is achieved by an increase in both stroke volume and a 70-kg, active (but not highly trained) college-age
heart rate. However, in untrained or moderately trained male. See table 9.2 for examples of maximal stroke vol-
subjects, stroke volume does not increase beyond a ume and cardiac output for trained men and women. pow22533_ch09_188-217.indd 211 08/09/11 3:37 AM
workload of 40% to 60% of V̇O2 max (figure 9.22). There- Note that although most experts agree that stroke
fore, at work rates greater than 40% to 60% V̇O2 max, volume reaches a plateau between 40–60% of V̇O2 max
the rise in cardiac output in these individuals is in untrained and moderately trained individuals, evi-
achieved by increases in heart rate alone. The exam- dence exists that stroke volume does not plateau in
ples presented in figure 9.22 for maximal heart rate, highly trained athletes during running exercise. This
stroke volume, and cardiac output are typical values for point is discussed in more detail in Research Focus 9.1.
8
www.mhhe.com/powers8e Chapter Nine Circulatory Responses to Exercise 207
pow22533_ch09_188-217.indd 207 08/09/11 3:37 AM

17/12/22
Chapter 9 Cardiac Output
Typical Values for Cardiac Output

Débito Cardíaco Sistema Vascular
Composto pelos diversos vasos que transportam o sangue do
coração para os tecidos e vice-versa.
Artérias/arteríolas:
Transportam o sangue do coração para os tecídos
Veias/vênulas:
Repouso x Exercício Trazem o sangue dos diferentes tecidos para o coração


Pressão Arterial Pressão Arterial
Pressão exercida pelo sangue na parede das artérias. Pressão Arterial Média (PAM):
Representa a média pressórica exercida pelo sangue
Pressão Arterial Sistólica (PAS): durante seu deslocamento ao longo das artérias.
Representa a maior pressão que ocorre da artéria durante a sístole.
Pressão Arterial Diastólica (PAD): PAM = 2/3 PAD* + 1/3 PAS

Representa a menor pressão que ocorre dentro da artéria, PAM = PAD* + [0,333 x (PAS – PAD)]
quando o coração está enchendo (diástole). *Em um ciclo cardíaco, o tempo da diástole dura 2 vezes
o da sístole.
9
17/12/22

Factors That Influence
Pressão Arterial
Arterial Pressão Arterial
Blood Pressure
Volume Frequência Volume de
de sangue cardíaca ejeção
PRESSÃO ARTERIAL MÉDIA:

DÉBITO CARDÍACO X RESISTÊNCIA VASCULAR TOTAL
PRESSÃO
ARTERIAL
Repouso x Exercício
Viscosidade Resistência
do sangue periférica

Pressão arterial e exercício aeróbio Pressão arterial e exercício resistido
DC = FC x VS 250
250 PADiastólica PASistólica
PA Diastólica PA Sistólica
DC = FC x VS
200 200
PA (mmHg)
150
PA (mmHg)
150
100
CONTRAÇÃO MUSCULAR –> ESTENOSE –> AUMENTO DE PA
100
50
50
0
Repouso 1 3 6 9 12 15
0
Tempo (min.)
0 3 6 9 12 15
Repetições
10

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Virani et al Heart Disease and Stroke Stat

REFERENCES Diabetes Care. 2019;42:457–465. doi: 10.2337/dc18-1773

1 D. cardiovasculares 1 D. cardiovasculares 1 D. cardiovasculares 1 D. cardiovasculares

13 Outras não transmissíveis 12 Materna & neonatal

Diabetes Care. 2019;42:457–465. doi: 10.2337/dc18-1773 2018;38:935–942. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAH

Circulation. 2021;143:e00–e00. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950

13 Outras não transmissíveis 12 Materna & neonatal

1990 rank 2017 rank

ambos os sexos, 1990 e 2017.

Dados derivados do Estudo Global Burden of Disease 2017 (GBD 2017).66

12 Materna & neonatal

1990 rank 1990 rank 2017 rank 2017 rank

11 D. vascular periférica 11 Cardiopatia reumática

mil habitantes, ambos os sexos, 1990 e 2017.

Dados derivados dodasEstudo

Dados derivados do Estudo Global Burden of Disease 2017 (GBD 2017).66

CARDIOVASCULARES DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES Artigo Especial

por idade por 100 mil habitantes, ambos os sexos. Ambos

Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(3):308-439 325

Virani et al Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2021 Update: Chapter 14

Epidemiologia chart shows that

Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project.40 Cost: Unpublished

This table até 167,0 CVD

52 135.6 −14.4 45 43.6 −25.5

kansas, West 263,0 363,0 263,0 363,0 females, then

Florida 20 198.9 −14.1 27 90.8 −28.9 34 38.6 6.1

DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO E DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES

Adaptações cardiovasculares aos diferentes tipos de exercício

Benefícios gerais do exercício físico

(aptidão física e qualidade de vida)

e242 February 23, 2021 Circulation. 2021;143:e00–e00. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950

EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO E DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES

• HIPERTENSÃO - Principal característica: ATEROSCLEROSE

Doença inflamatória crônica de origem multifatorial que ocorre

• Dislipidemia Infarto agudo do miocárdio

Acidente vascular encefálico

Cardiovascular Health (Chapter 2)

States was 2.3% and 5.8%, respectively, in 2019.

criteria for diabetes

Circulation. 2021;143:e00–e00. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000950 February 23, 2021 e3

SAÚDE CARDIOVASCULAR SAÚDE CARDIOVASCULAR

Cardiovascular Health (Chapter 2) Cardiovascular Health (Chapter 2)

Downloaded from http://ahajournals.org by on January 30, 2021

Sistema Cardiovascular Inclui todos os eventos mecânicos e elétricos durante

Physiology of sport and exercise - Kenney, Wilmore & CosFll, 2012

Chapter 9 Heart: Myocardium and Cardiac Cycle

The Cardiac Cycle at Rest and

Ritmo irregular do coração ocasionado por distúrbios

Bradicardia – FC menor que 60 bpm

Taquicardia – FC maior que 100 bpm

Copyright ©2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

Copyright ©2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

FISIOLOGIA CARDIOVASCULAR FISIOLOGIA CARDIOVASCULAR

Expressa em porcentagem (%)

(volume diastólico final) – (volume sistólico final)

FISIOLOGIA CARDIOVASCULAR FISIOLOGIA CARDIOVASCULAR

• Volume sistólico = 60-80ml

Débito cardíaco = 4,2-5,6 litros

IN SUMMARY Transition from Rest to Exercise

20 exercise performed, the duration of exercise, and the

environmental conditions under which the work was 100

Resistance vessels vessels vessels 20 80