Centre Number

NSW Education Standards Authority Student Number

2023 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Personal Development,
Health and Physical Education
General • Reading time – 5 minutes
Instructions • Working time – 3 hours
• Write using black pen
• Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of this
page

Total marks: Section I – 60 marks (pages 2–20)

100 This section has two parts, Part A and Part B
Part A – 20 marks
• Attempt Questions 1–20
• Allow about 40 minutes for this part
Part B – 40 marks
• Attempt Questions 21–27
• Allow about 1 hour and 10 minutes for this part

Section II – 40 marks (pages 21–22)

• Attempt TWO questions from Questions 28–32
• Allow about 1 hour and 10 minutes for this section

1140
Section I
60 marks

Part A – 20 marks
Attempt Questions 1–20
Allow about 40 minutes for this part

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1–20.

1 Four health conditions W, X, Y and Z currently affecting Australians, are plotted on the
following graph.

W X
Cost to the community

Y Z

Prevalence of condition

Which of these conditions is most likely to be identified as the greatest health priority
issue in Australia?

A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z

2 A 12-minute run can be used as a test to measure oxygen uptake.

To achieve the most valid and reliable results, the test should be performed

A. multiple times on different running surfaces.

B. at the same time of day using hand-held stopwatches.
C. under varied levels of fatigue on a synthetic athletic track.
D. on a synthetic athletic track using electronic timing equipment.

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3 Many diseases in Australia are potentially avoidable through targeted prevention and
early intervention measures.

Which of the following risk factors should be targeted for the greatest reduction in
disease burden in Australia?

A. Tobacco use
B. Unhealthy diet
C. Raised blood pressure
D. Harmful use of alcohol

4 The table shows some health-related responsibilities of governments in Australia.

Which row of the table correctly matches a responsibility to the relevant level of
government?

States and Territories Commonwealth

A. Subsidising aged care services Providing ambulance services
Implementing school vaccination
B. Managing public hospitals
programs
C. Funding community health services Managing Medicare
Regulating Pharmaceutical Benefits Funding the National Disability
D.
Scheme Insurance Scheme

5 Which of the following best describes ballistic stretching?

A. Slow purposeful actions to move a joint beyond its normal range of motion
B. Incorporation of momentum to move a joint beyond its normal range of motion
C. Use of bouncing movements to ensure a joint moves through its normal range of
motion
D. Incorporation of an isometric contraction to ensure a joint moves through its
normal range of motion

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6 The following table represents the number of deaths per 100 000 population in males
aged 55–64 years in 1980 and again in 2020 for a range of conditions.

Male deaths per 100 000 population

Conditions aged 55–64
1980 2020
J 14 7
K 100 20
L 173 53
M 600 79

Which condition is represented by the letter J in the table?

A. Skin cancer
B. Lung cancer
C. Coronary heart disease
D. Cerebrovascular disease

7 Gymnasts are awarded a score based on execution, artistry, technique and composition.
The score starts at 10 and points are deducted by judges in relation to specific faults in
the gymnast’s routine.

Which of the following best describes this form of appraisal?

A. Prescribed criteria which increase the subjectivity and validity of the judging
process
B. Prescribed criteria which increase the objectivity and reliability of the judging
process
C. Personal criteria which allow for a more holistic appraisal of the gymnast’s
performance
D. Personal criteria which allow judges to draw on their experiences to increase the
validity of the judging process

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8 What strategy would be most effective in improving equity of access to health services
for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples?

A. Increasing awareness of online health resources

B. Increasing the funding for child immunisation programs
C. Providing a telephone or video consultation with a specialist
D. Implementing training for community members to become health care providers

9 A discus athlete has recently mastered the foundational movements and now wants
to improve their throwing performance. Their coach decides to change the athlete’s
pre-throw stance from stationary to spinning to help generate greater momentum for the
throw.

Which sequence of practice methods is most likely to allow the athlete to effectively
transition to the spinning stance?

A. Massed part then whole practice

B. Massed whole then part practice
C. Distributed part then whole practice
D. Distributed whole then part practice

10 Which of the following incentives was introduced by the Australian Government to

encourage individuals to take out private health insurance?

A. Entitlement to a mental health treatment plan

B. Guaranteed 50% rebate on all ancillary services
C. Free admission for treatment in private hospitals
D. Exemption from paying the Medicare levy surcharge

11 During the regular basketball season, a player recorded a success rate of 75% from the
free throw line. In the finals, this player recorded a 50% success rate.

What has most likely led to the decline in the player’s shooting performance?

A. The player altered their use of psychological strategies for the finals.
B. The player experienced trait anxiety in response to the coach’s expectations.
C. The player’s level of state anxiety was increased by the pressure of the finals.
D. The player’s physiological arousal levels were altered by the pressure of the finals.

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12 In 2022, the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare reported that the average life
expectancy for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples was eight years less than
that of non-Indigenous people in Australia.

Which of the following determinants is likely to have the most significant influence on
narrowing this gap in the next five years?

A. Improved access to housing

B. Better access to culturally responsive health services
C. Increased participation in outdoor recreational activities
D. The further development of cultural maintenance programs

13 The following graphs represent the age and biological sex of Australia’s population in
2000 (observed) and 2051 (projected).

Age 2000 Age 2051

\HDUV Male Female \HDUV Male Female
85+ 85+
80–84 80–84
75–79 75–79
70–74 70–74
65–69 65–69
60–64 60–64
55–59 55–59
50–54 50–54
45–49 45–49
40–44 40–44
35–39 35–39
30–34 30–34
25–29 25–29
20–24 20–24
15–19 15–19
10–14 10–14
5–9 5–9
0–4 0–4
1000
800
600
400
200
0
200
400
600
800
1000

1000
800
600
400
200
0
200
400
600
800
1000

1XPEHURISHRSOH · 1XPEHURISHRSOH ·

© 2023 Australian Institute of Family Studies/Commonwealth of Australia

Which action would the Australian Government need to implement in 2023 to best
support the health of Australians in 2051?

A. Increase the number of staff in aged care facilities

B. Develop legislation to regulate the use of e-cigarettes
C. Target strategic planning to improve the health of infants
D. Increase funding and research into Alzheimer’s disease and dementia

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14 The diagram shows the positions of three sports on a continuum representing how sports
performance can be measured in competitions.

X Y Z
Objective Subjective

Which sports are represented by X, Y and Z ?

X Y Z
A. High jump Cricket Figure skating
B. Soccer Figure skating Cricket
C. 100 m sprint Surfing Soccer
D. High jump 100 m sprint Surfing

15 Which of the following best describes an athlete who is a skilled performer?

A. Displays high levels of confidence and natural ability in their chosen sport
B. Displays superior technique when executing discrete movements autonomously
C. Possesses inherited physical attributes essential for success in their chosen sport
D. Possesses instinctive awareness and the ability to adjust movements mid
performance

16 Which row of the table correctly matches the type of cancer?

Carcinoma
A. Forms only on the skin
Forms from cells that release
B.
hormones into the blood
C. Forms in epithelial tissue
Usually found in the
D.
gastrointestinal system
Leukaemia
Originates in bones and
connective tissues
Develops in the body’s
infection-fighting organs
Originates in the blood-forming
tissue of the bone marrow
Originates in plasma cells

–7–
17 The following graph represents aerobic and anaerobic threshold training zones.

100

90

Maximum heart rate (%)

80 Y

70 Z
60

50 W
X

50 60 70 80 90 100
Max VO2 (%)

Which letter on the graph represents the minimum intensity for an athlete to train to
produce a physiological improvement in performance?

A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z

–8–
18 Four Year 7 students on a school camp are participating in archery. Each student had five
shots at the target. The centre of the target represents the best possible shot.

The location of each student’s five shots are represented by X on the targets shown.

Which student is most likely to be at the associative stage of skill acquisition?

A. B.

X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
X X

C. D.
X

X X
X
X X X
X
X
X

19 In 2022 the Australian Government released its 10-year plan to improve primary health
care. One aspect of the plan is to improve access to Telehealth, which allows patients to
consult a health care provider by phone or video call.

Which TWO action areas of the Ottawa Charter does this plan best represent?

A. Reorienting health services and developing personal skills

B. Building healthy public policy and reorienting health services
C. Creating supportive environments and developing personal skills
D. Building healthy public policy and creating supportive environments

–9–
20 The table shows the interval training sessions for a 10-week training program prior to an
event. The athlete is to complete the prescribed session twice a week.

Interval training session

Week
work/rest (seconds) × repetitions
1 60/60 × 10
2 60/60 × 12
3 60/60 × 14
4 60/60 × 10
5 90/60 × 12
6 90/60 × 14
7 90/60 × 16
8 90/60 × 12
9 150/60 × 12
10 150/60 × 14

Which individual is most likely to use this training program for event preparation?

A. A marathon runner preparing for an upcoming race

B. A soccer midfielder preparing for a state final series
C. A triathlete focusing on the 10 km run leg for the Olympic qualifying event
D. A basketball player training for the world championships with their national team

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© 2023 NSW Education Standards Authority
 2023 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Centre Number
Personal Development,
Health and Physical Education
Student Number
Section I Part B
Answer Booklet

40 marks
Attempt Questions 21–27
Allow about 1 hour and 10 minutes for this part
Do NOT write in this area.

Instructions • Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of this
page.

• Answer the questions in the spaces provided. These spaces

provide guidance for the expected length of response.

• Extra writing space is provided at the back of this booklet.

If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are
answering.

Please turn over

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Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line.
6120310036
1141 15320
Question 21 (3 marks)

How does ONE organisation use epidemiological data in Australia? 3

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Question 22 (4 marks)

How does a healthy, ageing population affect Australia’s health care system? 4

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7790310030
 Question 23 (7 marks)

(a) Outline TWO benefits of developing tactics for use in team sports. 3

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(b) Why is it important for athletes to develop decision-making skills in a training 4

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2396310037
Question 24 (5 marks)

Discuss the effects of TWO supplements used by athletes to alter their performance. 5

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6785310033
 Question 25 (5 marks)

Choose ONE alternative health care approach. 5

Describe strategies consumers could use to help them make an informed decision
prior to using this approach.

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2070310036
Question 26 (8 marks)

Explain how ONE government health promotion initiative addresses social justice by 8
reorienting health services. Provide examples to support your answer.

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2491310033
 Question 27 (8 marks)

Analyse the relationship between ONE physiological adaptation and improved 8

performance. Provide examples to support your answer.
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0674310034
Section I Part B extra writing space
If you use this space, clearly indicate which question you are answering.

Do NOT write in this area.

– 20 – © 2023 NSW Education Standards Authority

Office Use Only – Do NOT write anything, or make any marks below this line.
4262310031
 2023 HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Personal Development,
Health and Physical Education

Section II

40 marks
Attempt TWO questions from Questions 28–32
Allow about 1 hour and 10 minutes for this section

Answer both questions in the Section II Writing Booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.

Your answers will be assessed on how well you:

● demonstrate knowledge and understanding of health and physical activity concepts
relevant to the question
● apply the skills of critical thinking and analysis
● communicate ideas and information using relevant examples
● present a logical and cohesive response

Question 28 — The Health of Young People (20 marks)

(a) (i) Outline ONE strategy that can be used to overcome an individual factor 3
that adversely affects a young person’s health.

(ii) Explain the effect of sociocultural factors on the health of young people. 5

(b) To what extent can the development of support networks and access to health 12
services enable young people to attain better health?

Question 29 — Sport and Physical Activity in Australian Society (20 marks)

(a) (i) Outline ONE sporting achievement that has enhanced regional identity. 3

(ii) Explain the role sport has played in promoting Australia’s national 5
identity.

(b) Evaluate the changes that have been made to sports to suit the needs of the 12
media.

Please turn over

1142 – 21 –
Question 30 — Sports Medicine (20 marks)

Refer to the following scenario to answer BOTH Questions 30 (a) (i) and (ii).

An athlete tries to change direction quickly to evade an opponent during a basketball

game. They hear a loud snap and feel their knee give way beneath them, sustaining
knee ligament damage.

(a) (i) Outline TWO classifications of this injury. 3

(ii) Explain the process for determining the nature and extent of this injury. 5

(b) Assess the sports participation options for aged people who have medical 12
conditions.

Question 31 — Improving Performance (20 marks)

Choose ONE type of training to answer BOTH Question 31 (a) (i) and (ii).

(a) (i) For the type of training chosen, outline TWO methods an athlete can use 3
to improve performance.

(ii) For the type of training chosen, explain TWO measurements that can be 5
used by an athlete to monitor improved performance.

(b) Assess the consequences for athletes who test positive to performance 12
enhancing drugs.

Question 32 — Equity and Health (20 marks)

(a) (i) Describe the contribution of intersectoral collaboration to the 3

sustainability of ONE health promotion strategy.

(ii) Explain how ensuring cultural relevance improves the potential for the 5
success of ONE health promotion strategy.

(b) Evaluate how effectively funding has been used to solve health inequities in 12
Australia.

End of paper

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© 2023 NSW Education Standards Authority