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p,11 D ( F-'1ui'f Sciehe,.e)

Ph.D. (Hort.) Fruit Science Course Structure

Ca6: Course
~ Courses Cr Hrs
s ~r 12
iSC" lf-01
Innovative Approaches in Fruit Breeding 3 (3+0)
:3'!:"f.")5
Abiotic Stress Management in Fruit Crops 3 (2+ I)
~Semester
cS: ro~
Modem Trends in Fruit Production
Bnl Semester 3 (3+0)
&: 813 Recent Developments in Growth Regulation 3 (3+0)
Courses (Choice Based)
k.Smaester 06_
_5m;...: -02
Modern Concept in Soil Fertility
·m .! Semester 2 (2+0)
Sm~ Soil Genesis and Micromorphology
2 (2+0)
? _-!t.1H 604 Molecular Basis of Ho.st-Pathogen Interaction 3 (2+!)
31."T605 Bio-Inputs for Pest Management 3 (2+ I)
. mro Semester
Seed and Fruit Growth and Their Quality Improvement 2 (2+0)
~ rting Courses
05
Dad Semester
S L\T604 Advance Statistical Methods 3 (2+1)
P'L P.-\ TH 606 Plant l}iosecurity and Biosafety 2 (2+0)
~691 Seminar-I 1 (0+ 1)
Ill.rd Semester
fSC692 Seminar-II I (0+1 )
fse699 Research 75 (0+75)
Teul Credits 100

(V.K.Tripathi)
Professor & Head

1
 601 Ph.D. liort. Fruit Science Course Structure
FSc ' il'IN OVATJVE APPROACl!Es IN FRUIT BREEDIN G
llIEORy ( +0)
3 3
Block 1: Introduction

I: Current Trends and Status: Modem trends in fruii breeding-with major emphasis on
J)recocity, low tree volume, suitability for mechanization, health benefits etc.
8-.k. 2: Genetic Mechanisms
IDllr I: Inheritance Pattems and Breeding Systems: Genetics of important traits and eir
th
inhentance
systems pattem, Variations and natural selection, spontaneous mutations, incompatibility
in fruits.
Bleck 3: Breeding for Specific Traits
I: Plant Architecture, Stress Tolerance and Fruit Quality: Recent advances in crop
lHlprovement efforts. wider adaptation, plant architecture, amenability to mechanization, fruit
q:alS,· attributes, stress tolerance, crop specific traits; use of apomixis, gene introgressionao
hybridization (alien genes). d
a.ct_ ..t F2St- Track Breedino
t,

tN T I., Transgenic,, Markers and Geoomics: Molecular and transgenic approaches in

~ t of selected fruit crops; fast track breeding - marker assisted selection and breeding
a:rl M ..A.B) use of genomics and gene editing tehnologies.
~ . banana, guava, papaya, Citrus, grapes, pomegranate, litchi, apple, pear, strawberry,
~ i i : proms, peaches, apricot, cherries, nectarines, nut crops
18::
e--unW!ir: ABIOTIC STRESS MANAGEMENT IN FRUIT CROPS
3(2+1)
•allad: I= 1-r-.dnction

·-~ """).- :arilizer

__,lure
le 3osi;;; Aspects and Principles: Stress - definition, classification, stresses due to w'.ter (high
(high and !ow), radiation, wind, soil conditi?ns (salinity, alkahmty, 10n
toxicity, etc.). Pollution-increased level of CO2, mdustnal wastes, 1mpa~t of
AI crop production, stress indices, phy_siol~gical and biochemical factors associated
furiI crops suitable for different stress s1tuat10ns.

!Biaid. 1= Stni,s Impact . "' . . .

· E: ~ e n t , Phys10 · logy and Performance·· Crop mode 1mg. 1or stress. s1tuat1ons, croppmg
f
zs:-essmg
.. . - the stress through remote sensing' understandmg adaptive
. . features o crops
;iiM'.Slr;,~ 1mder stress, m er
::. · · t action among different stresses and the1r impact on crop growth
"ro::: ~ --

~ : : C 5t.nss
~- • r. Management
- ·- Measures an d Conse rvation Practices: Greenhouse effect and R ·methane
· .J::. ~!iSlg21lon
~"'!Iii.& • - levance to ab'10 t'ic stresses ' use of anti transpirants and PG st mhn.stress
am __ns,. reO f ction
. and prac t·ica l use ' HSP inducers in stress
. management
. .ec 1ques
.
~' •:.:--m=n_ J.LVUe a . h' h drophilic polymers. Ram water harvesting, mcreasmg
dum::-
B ~ lfffici.ency.
conservatwn,
skimmingmuletee.: ,1 y contingency planning to mitigate different stress
od_ogy,
'RriifPrnS. - sustama
and • bi'Jity m ices.

J
PRACTICALS
L Seed ~tment /hardening practices (2)
2.. C ~er seedling production (2)
3- Analysis of soil moisture estimates (FC ASM PWP) (1) .
Analysis of plant stress factors, Rwc: chlor~phyll flourosence, chlorophyll stabi~ity rnd ex,
--\BA con~ent, plant waxes, stomata! diffusive resistance, transpiration, photosynthetic rate etc.
_ ~aned stress situations (5)
3. Biok>gical efficiencies, WUE, solar energy conversion and efficiency (2)
.~ growth sustainability indices and economics of stress management (2)
«- \ ·6 U to orchards and watershed locations (2)

iSC 6.12: MODERN TREN DS IN FRUIT PRODUCTION (3+0)

Bimd l: Introduction

(N II" I: General Concepts and Current Scenario: National and International scenario, national
§Ecfulli_

m.d.. 2:: AdYanced Technologies

lN I" I: Propagation, Planting Systems and Crop Regulation: Recent advances in propagation-root
planting systems, High density planting, crop modeling, Precision farming, decision
~ l systems - aspects of crop regulation- physical and chemical regulation.
!lllialtk 3: ,1anagement Practices

fN I" l: Overcoming Stress and Integrated Approaches: Effects on physiology and development,
~ - - e of stress factors, strategies to overcome stress effects, integrated and modern approaches
ill and nutrient management, Physiological disorders, Total quality management (TQM) -
Clmrent topics.
C'nps::
Banana, Grapes, Citrus, Papaya, Litchi, Guava, Pomegranate, Apple, Pear, Peach, Plum,
Cherry, Almond, Walnut, Pecan, Strawberry, Kiwifrnit

F5Cet3: RECEN T DEVELOPMEN TS IN GROWTH REGULATION (3+0)

'IHEORY
Birl 1: Introduction
l!iN T 1. Current Concepts and Principles: Eco-physiological infl~~nc~s on grd~wt~ban? development
-,CTmI
··_ crops- fl owermg,
· firu1·t set- Crop load and assimilate part1t10nmg and 1stn ut10n.
IIBd. 2: Growth Substances • f 1 h
. . dG th Regulators· Root and canopy regulation, study o pant growt
I: Phytohormones an row b. ·thesis metabolic and morphogenetic effects of
, · fru't1 lture- structure 10syn , . d
~ rs rn cu ' d th retardants. Absorption, translocatlon an
=- l t wth promoters an grow . . 1 th , .
dlfudent p an gro . 1 d xternal factors mfluencmg hormona syn es1s,
. f hyt Ohormones - mtema an e . d h d
~ on o P . d "nh'b"fon canopy management for fert1gate ore ar s.
~ cal action, growth promot10n an I I I I '

Sad: l : Growth and Development . Growth regulation aspects of propagation,

1 mental Processes. . ff
(Ml' I : Regulation of Deve op anc fruit bud initiation, regulation of flowermg, o seaso~
,CllhJogenesis, seed and bud yfruit-set and development, frnit drop, parthen?carpy, fnut
l~ nn. Flower drop and thmnmg~olecular approaches in crop growth regulation- current
nw11 ity and ripening and storage,

3
SOIL 602: MODERN CON CEPT IN SOIL FERTILITY (2+0)
THEORY

UN ~T-I: N~trient availability-concept and relationships, modern concepts of nutrient savailability;

SOil colloids and nutrient availability; soil amendments and availability maintenance of nutrients,
soil solution and plant growth; nutrient response functions and availability indices.

UN IT-II: Nutrient movement in soils; nutrient absorption by plants; mechanistic approach to

nutrient supply and uptake by plants; models for transformation and movement of major
micronutrients in soils.

UN IT-III: Chemical equilbria (including solid-solution equilbria) involving nutrient ions in soils,
particularly in submerged soils; Kinetic studies of nutrients in soils

UN IT-IV: Modem concepts of fertilizer evaluation, nutrient use efficiency and nutrient budgeting.

UN IT-V: Modem concepts in fertilizer application; soil fertility evaluation techniques; role of soil
tests in fertilizer use recommendations; site- specific nutrient management for precision agriculture.

UN IT-VI: Monitoring physical, chemical and biological changes in soils; permanent manorial trials
and long-term fertilizer experiments; soil productivity under long-term intensive cropping; direct,
residual and cumulative effect of fertilizer use.

UN IT-VII: Carbon-a nutrient central to soil fertility; carbon cycle in nature, stocks, pools and fluxes;
greenhouse effect and climate change; carbon sequestration vis-a-vis sustenance of soil quality and
crop productivity.

SOIL 604: SOIL GEN ESIS AN D MICROMORPHOLOGY (2+0)

THEORY

. evo 1ut10n
UN IT-I: Pedogemc . f soils· soil composition and characterization.
° '
. ·1 £ ation- factors and pedogenic processes;stability and weathering
UN IT-II: Weathenng and soi orm
sequences of minerals. . .
. ofile development by mineralogical and chemical analysis.
UN IT-III: Assessment of soil pr . .
f soils-their structure, fabric analysis, role m genesis and
UN IT-IV : Micro-pedological features o
classification.

4
PL PATH 604: MOLEC
THEORY ULARBASIS OF HOST-PATHOGEN IN TERACTION 3(2+1)

UN IT-I: History of host l .

and their interactions.

tnt
biotechnological tools inp ~nt resistance and importance to Agriculture. Importance and role of
relationship. Molecular ge p ~ath~logy. Basic concepts and principles to study host pathogen
ne ics, imagmg and analytical chemistry tools for studying plants, microbes,
UN IT-II: Different forms of 1 . .
these interactions. Plant innat ~t-mi~robe mteractions and nature of signals/effectors underpinning
fungi,bacteria, viruses and nee unmumty: PAMP/DAMP. Molecular basis of host-pathogen interaction-
UN IT-III: Induction of defe matodes·, re cogm·t·10n system, signal transduction,
systemic acquired resistancen':edresponses- HR, Programmed cell death, reactive oxygen species,
and virus induced gene sile , -1n. uced systemic · resistance,
· ·
pathogenesis related proteins, phytoalexms
transcription profiling mnci~g. Molecular basis of gene-for-gene hypothesis; R-gene expression and
pyramiding of R ge~es 6pmg and cloning of resistance genes and marker-aided selection,
mechanisms, races, breakdo~ne for_ gene systems: Background, genetics, phenotypes, molecular
warfare models Metap . of resiStance (boom-and-bust cycles), Coevolution-anns race and trench
' opu 1ations cost of · t
crops vs. natural popul f D ' . . resi~ ance, cost of unnecessary virulence,
· GFG m · agncu
· IturaI
UN IT-IV: Pathogen a t~s, urab~hty of resistance, erosion of quantitative resistance.
·var rm·xture P?PU ation genetics and durability, virus's vs cellular pathogens. Gene deployment,
• ltl · B" t s.h0 1sease emergence, host specia
cu · 1·ization.
· Circadian
· · clock genes m · re latton
· to innate
·
10 1
imm~mty. . e~ no ogy and disease management; development of disease resistance plants using
genetic engmeenng approaches, different methods of gene transfer, bio-safety issues related to GM
crops.
PRACTICAL
Protein, DNA and RNA isolation, plasmid extraction, PCR analysis, DNA and Protein electrophoresis,
bacterial transformation. Gene mapping and marker assisted selection. Development and use of molecular
markers in identification and characterization of resistance to plant pathogens and their management.

EN T 605: BIO-IN PUTS FOR PEST MANAGEMENT 3 (2+1)

THEORY
UN IT-I: Scope of classical biological control and augmentativ~ bio-control; in~roducti~n and han~lin_g ~f
natural enemies; nutrition of entomophagous insects and their hosts, dynamics of b10-agents v1s-a-v1s

target pest populations. . .. . . .

. B' · t . mass production of bio-pest1cides, mass cultunng techmques of b10-agents,
• -II . f:1O-mpu
UNIT ·1· · s. d uipments basic standards of msectary,
. •
viable mass-productlon
· umt,
· des1gns,
·
msectary ac1 1t1es an eq . ,
precautions, go~d i~sectary p~a::~e;f release of natural enemies, recovery evalua_tion, ~onservation and
UN IT-Ill: Colomzat10n, techniq . . ship analysis ·and ecological manipulations, large-scale
. f tural enemies, survivor .
augmentation o_ na bankable project preparatlon. . . .
production of b10-control agents, . d . bes and parasitoids in biolog1cal control, genetics of
T IV· Scope of genetically engme~re micr? g and for progeny selections, breeding techniques of
UNI - • nts for mtrogressm ,
ideal traits in bio- contro1 age
bio-control agents. . . d' nous natural enemies; assessment of role
PRACTIC~ of some common~y occum~g m_ igeeffects of pesticides on natural enemies;
Mass reanng and release . pest populat1ons; testing s1:e . bio control agents, performance of
of natural enemies in reduclilg tt1ral enemies, breeding o vanot~s fio-r establishing a viable mass-
. h . als on na . d ment prepara ion
effect of sem1O- c em1c target pests; proJectd. oc~ehavior acts of predatory bugs/ beetles.
efficiency analyses on b ervation of fee mg
· ;· sectary; 0 s
production umt m

5
 6
PP 0S: SEED AN D FRUIT GROWTH AN D THEIR QUALITY IMPROVEMEN T
BLOCK I· Pay 3 (2+0)
O
GROWTH: Qu1i~T; GicAL AND MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF SEED ANDFRUIT
UN IT 1: Physiology of :IVIPROVEMEN T
Mechanism of se d deed Growth and Development
accumulation of s:oredevelopment
reserves· and different developmental stages; synthesis,mobilization and
F?nns of stored reserves an '. . .
Sink drawing ability (SDA the~r locahzat1on
nd
Role of plant hormone . ) its relevance in seed growth and development·
UN IT 2: Seed as a Propagule s in seed grow th an d development and SDA '
Seed as a propagation material· s .
germination ' eed size and seed chemical composition and their relevance in seed
Physiological, biochemical
nd
germination, seedling em a molecul~r mechanisms and approaches to regulate seed
Physiological bioche • erlgence and eStabhshment and seedling vigour
' mica and molecul h · d
and crop establishment: seed ar mec am~ms an appr?aches to regula~e seed priming
sprouting in crops dormancy, precocious germmat10n and controlling pre-harvest
~hysiol~gical, biochemical and molecula h .
llllprovmg the via
· b"l•
i Ity and storability of seeds amsms and approaches to regulate seed viability,
r mec
UN IT 3: Seed as a Source of N utrition
Seed as a source of nutritio t h
synthesis of s d t n o umans: approaches to improve the quality of seedsthrough
ee s orage reserves and other constituents
Genes/QTL's regulating thes · · · ·
. . e processes
quantity and qualtty of seed constituents. and concept of pathway engmeenng to1mprove the

~arboh~drat~s- Amylose and amylopectin ratios for glycemic index, resistant anddigestable starch,
1mprovmg dietary fibre, alter gelatinisation.
Protein content, modified proteins, essential amino acids.
Oil content, fatty acid composition, Omega 3 fatty acids. Carotenoids and vitamins
Bio-fortification
compounds. strategies to enhance the grain zinc, iron, other minerals and otheressential

Engineering for low protease inhibitors, phytic acid, tannins, phenolic substances,lectins, oxalates as
anti-nutritional factors.
Case studies of improving seed nutrition components by molecular breeding andtransgenic
approaches.
UN IT 4: Quality Deterioration during Storage . . . . ..
Cha ges in chemical composition during storage; factors mfluencmg the detenorationof nutntional
qual~ty of seeds during storage; approaches to ~inimize nutritional quality deterioration
Effect of quality deterioration on human and ammal health
UN IT 5: Fruit Growth and Development
l d fru "t d velopment· concept ofparthenocarpy
F ow_er an_ i \· h mic;l changes during fruit development and chemicalcomposition
Phys10Iogical and IOC e 1 te flower and fruit drop/ abscission; Role of hormones
Molecular approaches to regu ato-chemicals: Nutraceuticals
UN IT 6: Fruit. as a hSource of Phy
s and the quant"fi
i ic ation and options to improve by. hormonal and molecular
Biosynthet1c pat way h f Antioxidants Flavanoids, anthocyamns
pathway engineering approa~h:s ~antification and options to improve by hor~onal and molecular
nd
Biosynthetic path_ways a q fVitamins- Vitamin C, Tocopherol, Caroteno1ds
Pathway engineering approaches o t"fication and options to improve by hormonal and molecular
nd the quan I . . .
Biosynthetic pathways a h 0 f Alkaloids, Mang1ferm, tomatms
·
pathway engineering a pproac es
6
 Biosynthetic ·pathways
· and th .
pathway engmeermg approach Of . at·ion an d opt10ns
e quantific · ·
to improve by hormonal and molecular
Biosynthetic pathways and th;s D~gestable Fiber lycopene, still beans
· · quantificati d · ·
pathway e~gm_een~g approaches of Aro on an opt10ns_ to improve by hormonal and molecular
,11\l'JT 7: Frmt Ripenmg, Post Ila ma, mono-terpenords and Fatty acid esters.
vi, l . l rvest Deter· t'
physio ogrca and molecular h . 10ra ion and Shelf life
p0 stharvest deterioration of ~- a~isms of fruit ripening.
environmental aspects of reducin its, factors regulating fruit deterioration; honnonal and
physiological and Molecular a g poS t-harvest deterioration of fruits
Ethylene and Ethylene respo!pro!ches to regulate fruit ripening and shelf life: Role of
Approac hes to regu 1ate specific she If1actors
J"fi regu) afmg spec1'fi1c processes of fruit ripening·
Improving fruit ripening and sheltrri Ibe characters. '
STAT604: ADVAN CED ST ATISTic~ e y molecular approaches-Case studies.
rIIE0RY L METHODS 3(2+1)
UNIT I: Truncated and compound distr·b 1 f . .
curves. Categorical data analysis - lo IOns. Fittmg of orthogonal polynomials. Pearsonian
1
stabilizing transformations. g mear models, Association between attributes. Variance
UNIT II: Sampling distribution of correlaf . .
intra class correlation coefficient. ion coefficient, regression coefficient, correlation ratio,
UNIT III: Non-central t, x2 and F distrib f n 1· • .
fi l"ty L u IOns. stnbut10n of quadratic forms Cochran's theorem
Tedsts or n~~a d. · _abrg~ sample tests. Tests of significance based on t x2 and F distributions ·
1
Or er statistics, 1stn utron of order statisf · · t d" ·b · ' ·
. • d. .b . ics, Jom istn ut1on of several order statistics and their
1
functions, ~~rgma ISto u~ons of order statistics, distribution of range, median etc.
UNIT IV: Frttlilg of a generahzed linear model, mixed model and variancecomponents estimation
MINQUE, MIVQUE, REML. '
PRACTICAL
Fitting of truncated distribution, Fitting of Pearsonian curves, Analysis of association between
attributes, categorical data. Fitting of non-central t, x2 and F distributions. Computation of Tests of
significance based on t, x2 and F distributions. Order statistics.
PATH 606 PLAN T BIOSECURITY AN D BIOSAFETY (2+0)
THEORY
UN IT I: History of biosecurity, Concept ofbiosecurity, Components ofbiosecurity, Quarantine,
Invasive Alien Species, Biowarfare, Emerging/ resurgence of pests and diseases. Introduction and
History of biosecurity and its importance. . . .
UNIT II: National Regulatory Mechanism and Intern~t10nal Agreements/Conventions viz.,
A A r f100 of Sanitary and Phytosamtary (SPS) Measures. World Trade
gree~e~t on PP) icCa t" on Biological Diversity (CBD), International Standards for
Orgamzatlon (WTO onven 10n • '"' · t I
p . ' · k alysis risk assessment models, pest m1ormation sys em, ear y
hyt~samtary Measure_s, pest ns anuse of Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geograp~ic
wamrng and forecastmg system, . ·ty pest/disease and epidemic management, strategies
Information System (GIS) for plant _bio;:~~ a' ro terrorism event, mitigation planning, integrated
for combating risks and costs associate g
approach for bio-security. hanism Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and its
UNIT III. Biosafety policies and regulatory ~eel) odi'.fied crops. Emerging/resurgence of pests
· , f genet1ca Ym f · II
implications Issues related to relea~e o 1· f conditions. Issues related to release o genehca y
' . nano of c ima ic
and diseases in the changmg see
modified crop.