Algebra 2 Topic 4–Rational Functions

Is the relationship between the variables in the table a direct variation, an inverse variation, or
neither? If it is a direct or inverse variation, write a function to model it.

1.
x –9 –7 –2 –1
y 36 28 8 4

a.
inverse variation;
b. direct variation;
c. neither
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2
REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.1 Use inverse variation to write and graph the reciprocal function.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSA.CED.A.4 TOP: 4-1 Example 1 Identify Inverse Variation
KEY: inverse variation

2.
x 9 11 13 15
y –17 –1 6 27

a.
inverse variation;
b. 17

direct variation; y = 9 x
c. neither
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.1 Use inverse variation to write and graph the reciprocal function.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSA.CED.A.4 TOP: 4-1 Example 1 Identify Inverse Variation
KEY: inverse variation

3.
x 6 8 12 13
y –7 –11 –19 –21

a.
inverse variation;
b. 7

direct variation; y = 6 x
c. neither
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.1 Use inverse variation to write and graph the reciprocal function.
 NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSA.CED.A.4 TOP: 4-1 Example 1 Identify Inverse Variation
KEY: inverse variation

4. Suppose that x and y vary inversely, and x = 10 when y = 8. Write the function that models the inverse
variation.
a. c.

b. d. y = 0.8x

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2

REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.1 Use inverse variation to write and graph the reciprocal function.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSA.CED.A.4 TOP: 4-1 Example 2 Use Inverse Variation
KEY: inverse variation

5. Suppose that x and y vary inversely and that when x = 8. Write a function that models the
inverse variation and find y when x = 4.
a. 1 c. 8
; 24 ;3
b. 16 d. 16
; 3 ; 3
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.1 Use inverse variation to write and graph the reciprocal function.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSA.CED.A.4 TOP: 4-1 Example 2 Use Inverse Variation
KEY: inverse variation

6. Suppose that y and x vary inversely and that when .

a. What does the graph of this function look like?
y

10

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10 x
–2

–4

–6

–8

–10

b. What is x when y = –2?

ANS:
a.
 y

10

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10 x
–2

–4

–6

–8

–10

b. 5

PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.1 Use inverse variation to write and graph the reciprocal function.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSA.CED.A.4 TOP: 4-1 Example 4 Graph the Reciprocal Function
KEY: inverse variation

7. A soccer team is collecting money to buy their coach a present. The table represents the cost per
person for the gift compared to the number of people contributing. What function models the data,
and how much per person will it cost if all 40 players contribute?

Number of Players (n) 5 8 15 20

Cost per Player (c) $40 $25 $13 $10

a. , $10 c. , $5
b. d.
, $5 , $20
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.1 Use inverse variation to write and graph the reciprocal function.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSA.CED.A.4 TOP: 4-1 Example 3 Use an Inverse Variation Model
KEY: inverse variation

8. A drama club is planning a bus trip to New York City to see a Broadway play. The table represents the
cost per person for the bus rental compared to the number of people going on the trip. What function
models the data, and how much per person will it cost if 12 students go on the trip?

Number of Students (n) 3 6 9 16

Cost per Student (c) $24 $12 $8 $4.5

a. , $6 c.
, $12
b. , $10 d.
, $12
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.1 Use inverse variation to write and graph the reciprocal function.
 NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSA.CED.A.4 TOP: 4-1 Example 3 Use an Inverse Variation Model
KEY: inverse variation

Graph the function.

9.
a. y c. y
10 10

5 5

–10 –5 5 10 x –10 –5 5 10 x

–5 –5

–10 –10

b. y d. y
10 10

5 5

–10 –5 5 10 x –10 –5 5 10 x

–5 –5

–10 –10

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.1 Use inverse variation to write and graph the reciprocal function.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.B.3
TOP: 4-1 Example 4 Graph the Reciprocal Function KEY: reciprocal function

10. xy + 3 = 0
 a. y c. y
10 10

5 5

–10 –5 5 10 x –10 –5 5 10 x

–5 –5

–10 –10

b. y d. y
10 10

5 5

–10 –5 5 10 x –10 –5 5 10 x

–5 –5

–10 –10

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.1 Use inverse variation to write and graph the reciprocal function.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.B.3
TOP: 4-1 Example 4 Graph the Reciprocal Function KEY: reciprocal function

11.
a. y c. y
10 10

5 5

–10 –5 5 10 x –10 –5 5 10 x

–5 –5

–10 –10
 b. y d. y
10 10

5 5

–10 –5 5 10 x –10 –5 5 10 x

–5 –5

–10 –10

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2

REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.1 Use inverse variation to write and graph the reciprocal function.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.B.3
TOP: 4-1 Example 4 Graph the Reciprocal Function KEY: reciprocal function

Compare the graphs of the inverse variations.

12. and

ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample: The axes are asymptotes for both graphs. Both graphs are symmetric with

respect to and . The branches of are closer to the axes than are the branches

of . The points , , , and

are closest to the origin and the intersections of the graphs with y = –x.

PTS: 1 DIF: L4 REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.1 Use inverse variation to write and graph the reciprocal function.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.B.3
TOP: 4-1 Example 4 Graph the Reciprocal Function KEY: reciprocal function

13. and

ANS:
Answers may vary. Sample: The axes are asymptotes for both graphs. Both graphs are symmetric with

respect to and . The branches of are closer to the axes than are the branches of

. The points , , , and are closest to the

origin and the intersections of the graphs with y = x.

PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
 OBJ: 4-1.1 Use inverse variation to write and graph the reciprocal function.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.B.3
TOP: 4-1 Example 4 Graph the Reciprocal Function KEY: reciprocal function

14. Two objects are on opposite sides of a lever, as shown in the diagram. The first object weighs
pounds and is feet from the fulcrum. The second object weighs pounds and is feet from the
fulcrum. The objects are in balance provided . Suppose the second object weighs 60
pounds and is 3 feet from the fulcrum.

a. Write an inverse variation equation that describes how and are related when the objects are in
balance.
b. If the first object is 4 feet from the fulcrum, how much must it weigh for the objects to be in
balance?
c. An object that weighs 60 pounds and is 4 feet from the fulcrum will balance an object that weighs 50
pounds and is 4.8 feet from the fulcrum. If each object is moved 1 foot farther from the fulcrum,
will they still be in balance?

ANS:

a.
b. 45 lb
c. no

PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.1 Use inverse variation to write and graph the reciprocal function.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.B.3
TOP: 4-1 Example 3 Use an Inverse Variation Model KEY: reciprocal function

Sketch the asymptotes and graph the function.

15.
 a. y c. y
10 10

5 5

–10 –5 5 10 x –10 –5 5 10 x

–5 –5

–10 –10

b. y d. y
10 10

5 5

–10 –5 5 10 x –10 –5 5 10 x

–5 –5

–10 –10

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.2 Identify the effect of transformations on the graph of the reciprocal function and define
the effects of h and k on the function f(x) = 1 / x - h + k.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.B.3
TOP: 4-1 Example 5 Graph Translations of the Reciprocal Function
KEY: reciprocal function

16.
a. y c. y
10 10

5 5

–10 –5 5 10 x –10 –5 5 10 x

–5 –5

–10 –10
 b. y d. y
10 10

5 5

–10 –5 5 10 x –10 –5 5 10 x

–5 –5

–10 –10

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.2 Identify the effect of transformations on the graph of the reciprocal function and define
the effects of h and k on the function f(x) = 1 / x - h + k.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.B.3
TOP: 4-1 Example 5 Graph Translations of the Reciprocal Function
KEY: reciprocal function

17. This graph of a function is a translation of . What is an equation for the function?
y
10
8
6
4
2

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10 x
–2
–4
–6
–8
–10

a. c.

b. d.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.2 Identify the effect of transformations on the graph of the reciprocal function and define
the effects of h and k on the function f(x) = 1 / x - h + k.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.B.3
TOP: 4-1 Example 5 Graph Translations of the Reciprocal Function
KEY: reciprocal function
18. Write an equation for the translation of that has the asymptotes x = 7 and y = 6.
a. c.

b. d.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2

REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.2 Identify the effect of transformations on the graph of the reciprocal function and define
the effects of h and k on the function f(x) = 1 / x - h + k.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.B.3
TOP: 4-1 Example 5 Graph Translations of the Reciprocal Function
KEY: reciprocal function

19. This graph of a function is a translation of . What is an equation for the function?
y
10
8
6
4
2

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 2 4 6 8 10 x
–2
–4
–6
–8
–10

a. c.

b. d.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-1 Inverse Variation and the Reciprocal Function
OBJ: 4-1.2 Identify the effect of transformations on the graph of the reciprocal function and define
the effects of h and k on the function f(x) = 1 / x - h + k.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.B.3
TOP: 4-1 Example 5 Graph Translations of the Reciprocal Function
KEY: reciprocal function

What are the vertical asymptotes for the graph of the rational function?

20.
a. x = 1, x = 4 c. x = 3, x = –5, x = 7
b. x = –1, x = –4 d. x = –3, x = 5, x = –7
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2
 REF: 4-2 Graphing Rational Functions
OBJ: 4-2.1 Graph rational functions by identifying asymptotes and end behavior.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.IF.C.7| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.A.1.b
TOP: 4-2 Example 2 Find Asymptotes of a Rational Function
KEY: rational function | point of discontinuity | removable discontinuity | non-removable points of
discontinuity

21.
a. x = –2, x = –7 c. x = –8
b. x = 2, x = –7 d. x = 2, x = 7
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-2 Graphing Rational Functions
OBJ: 4-2.1 Graph rational functions by identifying asymptotes and end behavior.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.IF.C.7| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.A.1.b
TOP: 4-2 Example 2 Find Asymptotes of a Rational Function
KEY: rational function | point of discontinuity | removable discontinuity | non-removable points of
discontinuity

22. Find the horizontal asymptote of the graph of .

a. y = 3 c. y = 0
b. 3 d. no horizontal asymptote
y= 7
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-2 Graphing Rational Functions
OBJ: 4-2.1 Graph rational functions by identifying asymptotes and end behavior.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.IF.C.7| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.A.1.b
TOP: 4-2 Example 2 Find Asymptotes of a Rational Function KEY: rational function

23. Find the horizontal asymptote of the graph of .

a. y = 1 c. no horizontal asymptote
b. y = 1 d. y = 0
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-2 Graphing Rational Functions
OBJ: 4-2.1 Graph rational functions by identifying asymptotes and end behavior.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.IF.C.7| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.A.1.b
TOP: 4-2 Example 2 Find Asymptotes of a Rational Function KEY: rational function

What is the graph of the rational function?

24.
 a. y c. y
10 10

5 5

–10 –5 5 10 x –10 –5 5 10 x

–5 –5

–10 –10

b. y d. y
10 10

–10 10 x –10 10 x

–10 –10

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-2 Graphing Rational Functions
OBJ: 4-2.1 Graph rational functions by identifying asymptotes and end behavior.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.IF.C.7| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.A.1.b
TOP: 4-2 Example 5 Graph a Rational Function KEY: rational function

25.
a. y c. y
10 10

–10 –5 5 10 x –10 10 x

–5

–10 –10
 b. y d. y
10 10

–10 –5 5 10 x –10 10 x

–5

–10 –10

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-2 Graphing Rational Functions
OBJ: 4-2.1 Graph rational functions by identifying asymptotes and end behavior.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.IF.C.7| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.A.1.b
TOP: 4-2 Example 5 Graph a Rational Function KEY: rational function

26.
a. y c. y
10 10

5 5

–10 –5 5 10 x –10 –5 5 10 x

–5 –5

–10 –10

b. y d. y
10 10

5 5

–10 –5 5 10 x –10 –5 5 10 x

–5 –5

–10 –10

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2

 REF: 4-2 Graphing Rational Functions
OBJ: 4-2.1 Graph rational functions by identifying asymptotes and end behavior.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.IF.C.7| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.A.1.b
TOP: 4-2 Example 3 Graph a Function of the Form (ax + b)/(cx + d)
KEY: rational function

27. The total revenue R from the sale of a popular new board game is , where x is the number
of years since the game has been released, and the revenue R is in millions of dollars.
a. Graph the function.

b. Find the total revenue generated by the end of the second year.
c. Find the total revenue generated by the end of the third year.
d. Find the maximum total revenue that can be expected as the years increase.

ANS:
R
300
Revenue in Millions of Dollars

250

200

150

100

50

9 18 27 36 x
a. Years Since the Game's Release
b. $56.0 million
c. $84.0 million
d. $140 million
 PTS: 1 DIF: L3 REF: 4-2 Graphing Rational Functions
OBJ: 4-2.1 Graph rational functions by identifying asymptotes and end behavior.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.IF.C.7| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.A.1.b
TOP: 4-2 Example 4 Use a Rational Function Model KEY: rational function

28. A specialty bread company makes bread for $.42 a loaf. The starting cost for the company is $25,000.
The first 50 loaves will be used for samples and will not be sold.
a. Write a function for the average cost of a loaf of bread that will be sold. Graph the function.

b. How many loaves must be produced to bring the average cost under $5?

ANS:

a.
y
120

100
Average Cost ($)

80

60

40

20

2 4 6 8 10 12 x
Number of Loaves (thousands)
b. 5514 loaves

PTS: 1 DIF: L4 REF: 4-2 Graphing Rational Functions

OBJ: 4-2.1 Graph rational functions by identifying asymptotes and end behavior.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.2| HSF.IF.C.7| HSF.BF.A.1| HSF.BF.A.1.b
TOP: 4-2 Example 4 Use a Rational Function Model KEY: rational function
29. Rewrite using long division. Show your work. Identify the asymptotes of f, and sketch

the graph. How is the graph of f related to the reciprocal function ?

ANS:
Write the given function.

Divide using long division.

Write the remainder as a fraction in the quotient.

Rewrite in the form to identify the

transformation. Factor out 2 in the denominator.
Simplify.

The graph of has a vertical asymptote at x = 2 and y = 3. It is the graph of ,

shifted up 2 units, right 3 units, and stretched by a factor of 7.5.

f(x)

12

–4 –2 O 2 4 6 8 10 x
–4

–8

–12

PTS: 1 DIF: L4 REF: 4-2 Graphing Rational Functions

OBJ: 4-2.1 Graph rational functions by identifying asymptotes and end behavior.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.6| HSA.REI.D.11| HSF.IF.C.7.D(+)
TOP: 4-2 Example 1 Rewrite a Rational Function to Identify Asymptotes
KEY: rational function | asymptote | long division

Simplify the rational expression. State any restrictions on the variable.

30.
a. c.

b. d.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-3 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-3.1 Use the structure of rational expressions to rewrite simple rational expressions in different
forms. NAT: HSA.SSE.A.1| HSA.SSE.A.1.a| HSA.SSE.A.1.b| HSA.SSE.A.2
TOP: 4-3 Example 2 Simplify a Rational Expression
KEY: rational expression | simplest form

31.
a. c.
6, n 3
b. d.
6, n 3

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-3 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-3.1 Use the structure of rational expressions to rewrite simple rational expressions in different
forms. NAT: HSA.SSE.A.1| HSA.SSE.A.1.a| HSA.SSE.A.1.b| HSA.SSE.A.2
TOP: 4-3 Example 2 Simplify a Rational Expression
KEY: rational expression | simplest form

32.
a. c.
b. d.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2
REF: 4-3 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-3.1 Use the structure of rational expressions to rewrite simple rational expressions in different
forms. NAT: HSA.SSE.A.1| HSA.SSE.A.1.a| HSA.SSE.A.1.b| HSA.SSE.A.2
TOP: 4-3 Example 2 Simplify a Rational Expression
KEY: rational expression | simplest form

33. Simplify . Will the solution always be odd or even?

a. , odd or even c. , even
b. , odd d. even
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-3 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-3.1 Use the structure of rational expressions to rewrite simple rational expressions in different
forms. NAT: HSA.SSE.A.1| HSA.SSE.A.1.a| HSA.SSE.A.1.b| HSA.SSE.A.2
TOP: 4-3 Example 2 Simplify a Rational Expression KEY: interpret expressions
34. What is an equivalent expression of ? Specify the domain.
a. c.

b. d.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-3 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-3.1 Use the structure of rational expressions to rewrite simple rational expressions in different
forms. NAT: HSA.SSE.A.2| HSA.APR.D.6| HSA.APR.D.7(+)
TOP: 4-3 Example 1 Write Equivalent Rational Expressions KEY: rational function | asymptote

What is the product in simplest form? State any restrictions on the variable.

35.
a. c.

b. d.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-3 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-3.2 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to multiply and divide rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.SSE.A.1| HSA.SSE.A.1.a| HSA.SSE.A.1.b| HSA.SSE.A.2
TOP: 4-3 Example 3 Multiply Rational Expressions
KEY: rational expression | simplest form

36.
a. c.

b. d. 3
100

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2

REF: 4-3 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-3.2 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to multiply and divide rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.SSE.A.1| HSA.SSE.A.1.a| HSA.SSE.A.1.b| HSA.SSE.A.2
TOP: 4-3 Example 3 Multiply Rational Expressions
KEY: rational expression | simplest form

What is the quotient in simplified form? State any restrictions on the variable.
37.
a.

b.

c.

d.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L4

REF: 4-3 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-3.2 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to multiply and divide rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.SSE.A.1| HSA.SSE.A.1.a| HSA.SSE.A.1.b| HSA.SSE.A.2
TOP: 4-3 Example 5 Divide Rational Expressions
KEY: rational expression | simplest form

38.
a. c.

b. d.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-3 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-3.2 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to multiply and divide rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.SSE.A.1| HSA.SSE.A.1.a| HSA.SSE.A.1.b| HSA.SSE.A.2
TOP: 4-3 Example 5 Divide Rational Expressions
KEY: rational expression | simplest form

39. A storage container in the shape of a hemisphere (half a sphere) has base of radius r and a height of r.
Write and simplify an expression for the ratio of the volume of the hemispherical container to its

surface area (including the base). For a sphere, and

ANS:

PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-3 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-3.2 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to multiply and divide rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.SSE.A.1| HSA.SSE.A.1.a| HSA.SSE.A.1.b| HSA.SSE.A.2
TOP: 4-3 Example 6 Use Division of Rational Expressions
KEY: rational expression | simplest form
40. A storage container in the shape of a cone has a base of radius r and a height of h. Write and simplify
an expression for the ratio of the volume of the conical container to its surface area (including the

base). For a cone, and

ANS:

or

PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-3 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-3.2 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to multiply and divide rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.SSE.A.1| HSA.SSE.A.1.a| HSA.SSE.A.1.b| HSA.SSE.A.2
TOP: 4-3 Example 6 Use Division of Rational Expressions
KEY: rational expression | simplest form

41. Analogous to rational numbers, non-zero rational expressions are closed under which operations by the
Closure Property?
I. Addition
II. Subtraction
III. Multiplication
IV. Division by a non-zero rational expression

a. III and IV c. I, II, and III

b. I, II, III, and IV d. I and II
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2
REF: 4-3 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-3.2 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to multiply and divide rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.SSE.A.1| HSA.SSE.A.1.a| HSA.SSE.A.1.b| HSA.SSE.A.2
TOP: 4-3 Example 5 Divide Rational Expressions
KEY: non-zero rational expressions and rational numbers | Closure Property

42. What is the simplified form of ?

a. c.
b. d.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-3 Multiplying and Dividing Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-3.2 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to multiply and divide rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.SSE.A.2| HSA.APR.D.6| HSA.APR.D.7(+)
TOP: 4-3 Example 4 Multiply a Rational Expression by a Polynomial
KEY: non-zero rational expressions and rational numbers | Closure Property | Zero Product Property

Simplify the sum.

43.
a. c.

b. d.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-4 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-4.1 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to add and subtract rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.7
TOP: 4-4 Example 3 Add Rational Expressions With Unlike Denominators

44.
a. c.

b. d.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-4 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-4.1 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to add and subtract rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.7
TOP: 4-4 Example 3 Add Rational Expressions With Unlike Denominators

45.
a. c.

b. d.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L2

REF: 4-4 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-4.1 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to add and subtract rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.7
TOP: 4-4 Example 3 Add Rational Expressions With Unlike Denominators

Simplify the difference.

46.
a. c.
 b. d.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-4 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-4.1 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to add and subtract rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.7 TOP: 4-4 Example 4 Subtract Rational Expressions

47.
a. c.

b. d.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L4

REF: 4-4 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-4.1 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to add and subtract rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.7 TOP: 4-4 Example 4 Subtract Rational Expressions

Simplify the complex fraction.

48.
a. c.

b. d. not here

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-4 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-4.1 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to add and subtract rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.7 TOP: 4-4 Example 6 Simplify a Compound Fraction
KEY: complex fraction

49.
a. b. c. d.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-4 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-4.1 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to add and subtract rational expressions.
 NAT: HSA.APR.D.7 TOP: 4-4 Example 6 Simplify a Compound Fraction
KEY: complex fraction

50.
a. c.

b. d.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-4 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-4.1 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to add and subtract rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.7 TOP: 4-4 Example 6 Simplify a Compound Fraction
KEY: complex fraction

51.
a. 10 b. 7 c. 15 d. 3
3 15 7 10
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L2
REF: 4-4 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-4.1 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to add and subtract rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.7 TOP: 4-4 Example 6 Simplify a Compound Fraction
KEY: complex fraction

52. Find the least common multiple of and .

a. c.
b. d.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2
REF: 4-4 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-4.1 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to add and subtract rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.7
TOP: 4-4 Example 2 Identify the Least Common Multiple of Polynomials

53. Find the least common multiple of and . Write the answer in factored form.
a. c.
b. d.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-4 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-4.1 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
 numbers and use that understanding to add and subtract rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.7
TOP: 4-4 Example 2 Identify the Least Common Multiple of Polynomials

54. What is the sum ?

a. c.

b. d.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2

REF: 4-4 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-4.1 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to add and subtract rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.SSE.A.2| HSA.APR.D.7(+)
TOP: 4-4 Example 1 Add Rational Expressions With Like Denominators
KEY: non-zero rational expressions and rational numbers | Closure Property | Zero Product Property |
rational expression | like denominators

55. Xavier rides his motorcycle to pick up Olivia and they ride back to Xavier’s house together on the
motorcycle. The average speed s for the 5-mile trip to Olivia’s house is 2 miles per hour faster when he
rides alone. What is an expression for the total travel time? If he rides 30 mph to Olivia’s house, how
long does the entire trip take?
a. 59 c. 29
168 h, or about 21 min 84 h, or about 21 min
b. 29 d. 151
96 h, or about 18 min 480 h, or about 19 min

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-4 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions
OBJ: 4-4.1 Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the system of rational
numbers and use that understanding to add and subtract rational expressions.
NAT: HSA.SSE.A.2| HSA.APR.D.7(+) TOP: 4-4 Example 5 Find a Rate
KEY: rational equation | rate

Solve the equation. Check the solution.

56.
a. 17 b. 17 c. 19 d. 3
9 3 9 4
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-5 Solving Rational Equations OBJ: 4-5.1 Solve rational equations in one variable.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.6| HSA.APR.D.7| HSA.CED.A.1| HSA.REI.A.2| HSA.REI.A.11
TOP: 4-5 Example 1 Solve a Rational Equation KEY: rational equation

57.
a. 19 b. 1 c. 19 d. 2
 
4 3 3
 ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L2
REF: 4-5 Solving Rational Equations OBJ: 4-5.1 Solve rational equations in one variable.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.6| HSA.APR.D.7| HSA.CED.A.1| HSA.REI.A.2| HSA.REI.A.11
TOP: 4-5 Example 1 Solve a Rational Equation KEY: rational equation

58.
a. 17 b. 47 c. 47 d. 47

20 4 20 4
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-5 Solving Rational Equations OBJ: 4-5.1 Solve rational equations in one variable.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.6| HSA.APR.D.7| HSA.CED.A.1| HSA.REI.A.2| HSA.REI.A.11
TOP: 4-5 Example 1 Solve a Rational Equation KEY: rational equation

59.
a. –9 b. –6 c. –9 and –6 d. 6
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L4
REF: 4-5 Solving Rational Equations OBJ: 4-5.1 Solve rational equations in one variable.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.6| HSA.APR.D.7| HSA.CED.A.1| HSA.REI.A.2| HSA.REI.A.11
TOP: 4-5 Example 1 Solve a Rational Equation KEY: rational equation

60.
a. b. 2 c. d. 3 or –4

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3

REF: 4-5 Solving Rational Equations OBJ: 4-5.1 Solve rational equations in one variable.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.6| HSA.APR.D.7| HSA.CED.A.1| HSA.REI.A.2| HSA.REI.A.11
TOP: 4-5 Example 1 Solve a Rational Equation KEY: rational equation

61. Alicia can row 6 miles downstream in the same time it takes her to row 4 miles upstream. She rows
downstream 5 miles/hour faster than she rows upstream. Find Alicia’s rowing rate each way. Round
your answers to the nearest tenth, if necessary.
a. 7 mi/h downstream, 2 mi/h upstream
b. 15 mi/h downstream, 10 mi/h upstream
c. 6.6 mi/h downstream, 1.6 mi/h upstream
d. 10 mi/h downstream, 15 mi/h upstream
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-5 Solving Rational Equations OBJ: 4-5.1 Solve rational equations in one variable.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.6| HSA.APR.D.7| HSA.CED.A.1| HSA.REI.A.2| HSA.REI.A.11
TOP: 4-5 Example 5 Solve a Rate Problem KEY: rational equation

62. A group of college students are volunteering for Help the Homeless during their spring break. They are
putting the finishing touches on a house they built. Working alone, Kaitlin can paint a certain room in
3 hours. Brianna can paint the same room in 7 hours. Write an equation that can be used to find how
long it will take them working together to paint the room. How many hours will it take them to paint
the room? If necessary, round your answer to the nearest hundredth.
 a. c.
; 10 hours ; 5 hours
b. d.
; 5 hours ; 2.1 hours
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-5 Solving Rational Equations OBJ: 4-5.1 Solve rational equations in one variable.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.6| HSA.APR.D.7| HSA.CED.A.1| HSA.REI.A.2| HSA.REI.A.11
TOP: 4-5 Example 2 Solve a Work-Rate Problem KEY: rational equation

7
63. The sum of the reciprocals of two consecutive even integers is 24 . Write an equation that can be used
to find the two integers. Find the two integers.
a. 7 c. 7
24
= ; 4 and 6 24
= ; 6 and 8
b. 7 d. 7
24
= ; 6 and 8 24
= ; 4 and 6
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-5 Solving Rational Equations OBJ: 4-5.1 Solve rational equations in one variable.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.6| HSA.APR.D.7| HSA.CED.A.1| HSA.REI.A.2| HSA.REI.A.11
TOP: 4-5 Example 1 Solve a Rational Equation KEY: rational equation

What are the solutions of the rational equation? Use a graphing calculator to solve.

64.
a. 7.389 b. –7.389 c. 12.289 d. 2.489
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L2
REF: 4-5 Solving Rational Equations OBJ: 4-5.1 Solve rational equations in one variable.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.6| HSA.APR.D.7| HSA.CED.A.1| HSA.REI.A.2| HSA.REI.A.11
TOP: 4-5 Example 1 Solve a Rational Equation KEY: rational equation

65.
a. 0.57 b. 1.23 c. –2.37 d. –0.57
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-5 Solving Rational Equations OBJ: 4-5.1 Solve rational equations in one variable.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.6| HSA.APR.D.7| HSA.CED.A.1| HSA.REI.A.2| HSA.REI.A.11
TOP: 4-5 Example 1 Solve a Rational Equation KEY: rational equation

66. If R is the total resistance for a parallel circuit with two resistors of resistance and , then

. Find the resistance if the total resistance R is 35 ohms and is 80 ohms. Round
your answer to the nearest ohm if necessary.
a. 62 ohms b. 142 ohms c. 2685 ohms d. 24 ohms
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-5 Solving Rational Equations OBJ: 4-5.1 Solve rational equations in one variable.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.7 TOP: 4-5 Example 1 Solve a Rational Equation
KEY: complex fraction
67. Five weeks after the introduction of a new toy, the manufacturer found that the demand for the toy was

modeled by , while the company’s supply capability was modeled by

. Here x is the number of weeks the toy has been on the market, and the
values of f(x) and g(x) are in millions of toy units. About how many weeks after the toy was introduced
did supply equal demand? Round to the nearest whole number of weeks.
a. 74 weeks b. 80 weeks c. 76 weeks d. 81 weeks
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: L4
REF: 4-5 Solving Rational Equations
OBJ: 4-5.2 Identify extraneous solutions to rational equations and give examples of how they arise.
NAT: HSA.APR.D.6| HSA.APR.D.7| HSA.CED.A.1| HSA.REI.A.2| HSA.REI.A.11
TOP: 4-5 Example 4 Solve Problems with Extraneous Solutions
KEY: rational equation

68. What is the solution of the equation ? Identify any extraneous solution(s).
a. x = 5; the extraneous solution is –3.
b. x = –3; the extraneous solution is 5.
c. x = 3; the extraneous solution is 5.
d. No solution; both 5 and –3 are extraneous solutions.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: L3
REF: 4-5 Solving Rational Equations
OBJ: 4-5.2 Identify extraneous solutions to rational equations and give examples of how they arise.
NAT: HSA.CED.A.1| HSA.REI.A.1| HSA.REI.A.2
TOP: 4-5 Example 3 Identify an Extraneous Solution
KEY: rational equation | extraneous solution