ay We) ee LOSS IN WORLD JUDO TOURNEY TO DUTCHMAN KARATE AND AIKIDO TECHNIQUES OE enon—_ G AR~ 9 pk AT 1s Rik & PAVAY PUFA Ft ON A GREAT PRESIDENT LINER Sailings twice monthly from San Francisco or Los Angeles to Yokohama via Honolulu on the luxurious, fully air-conditioned SS PRESIDENT CLEVELAND and SS PRESIDENT WILSON; or the all first-class SS PRESIDENT HOOVER. One way First Class fares, from $510. Economy Class fares, from $295. Sea/Air itineraries available. See your Travel Agent, or contact the American President Lines’ office nearest you. Bee ats mL Sy 311 California St. San Fi ngeles, San Francisco, 5Black Beit VOLUME ONE * NUMBER THREE ‘APRIL, 1962 CONTENTS Dutchman Geesink World Judo Champ 64 Ne World Judo © Letters 10 the Editors Club Nei STAFF peblber, BODMUND JUNG itr, M UYEBARA nent adie, ART RENSE smanayig eo. LOW KUZEY lazscate efor, GEORGE ASAWA, WILLIABE €. €. HU, BBR GORDON WARNER echnical eats, TORU HIRATA, TORAD MORI, EDMUND PARKER, HE. SHARP, ISAO TAKAHASHI, DEN TSUJI fdr fnce lise oficr, MAJOR JOHN GREGORY ‘teeing dirctor, IAMIES. UYEHARA Phere eter, SAME WHE phovoruply, LARRY ALBRIGHT, CARL CHANG, KENNETH NEWTON, -EAIPH POOLE, MARKO. ‘iy, HIDEO SET, JOBN SNYDER (areas editor, DB, ENSLOW — BLACK BELT is publibed Sizumhly bythe BLACK BELT, INC, 260 South HAL Sect, lan Anas 7. Califrsiay Appiation to mul at second lass ‘potage fates pending at Lan Angeles, Calioels, and 31 idtionlmaling (ties: Copeghe 1962 by BEACK BELT, INC. SLIBSCHIPTION RATES: $3.00 Tor ten snes tho Untied State and asad $640 for ten Hot in all fa seen cont. Sale copy pre 38e. The publishers snd eis will ot Be fname for waniidted mamscipts and photographs aed tequet all mans Serer ad phatprpi to be sccampanie bya aamged, nel alfred cetera Ceveloe, Pierd in USA. MAGAZINE PRODUCTION Dy 1,editorial Personal Safety and Health of Body for All Ages Many mothers refuse to permit their sons and daughters to learn and practice self defense arts such as Judo. Their reasons are many — and they are wrong for many reasons, Many well-meaning but misguided mothers feel that the self-defense arts are fitted, per- haps, for military service training or for more violent uncivilized places in the world. But these arts have no place in the orderly world we live in, they say. Each community, they affirm, provides its ‘own police protection, People who get in scraps, or get assulted, usually ask for it Iris true that many times this is so — trouble results from ill-considered conduct at a bar, for instance, Women who are approached and mishandled, they say, generally are in places and doing things they shouldn't be doing in the first place. Unfortunately, there are many assaults, jahy- sical attacks and general rough-house shenan- igans that go on every day which do not result from such indescretion. Innocent, well-meaning persons are often victims of attacks they did not seek or create, A study of daily police reports, or a check of the moming newspaper gives sad substan- tiation to this fact, Truth of the matter is, the world we live in is for from perfect. And it is only realistic to accept this fact and to prepare yourself against its outrageaus slings. Another argument indulgent mothers use is also sadly in error, That is the line of reasoning which declares: if one practices the arts of self-defense, one more apt to look for fights in order to show off one’s skill.” Just as great nation’s have found out— to be prepared to resist attack is the best way to avoid attack. Furthermore, anyone who has ever known a person proficient at Jude, Kendo, Aikido or Karate can vouch that the last thing in the world such a person seeks is a fight, Trivial bellicosity and understanding of the martial arts are mutually exclusive. You can- not be hot-headed and a true student of the martial arts at the same time. More than the body is trained. The character, the mind and the spirit benefit as well. With all these benefits available, Black Belt urges mothers to encourage their youngsters to prac- tice and study the martial arts, The rewards are personal safety and health of body and mind. He eorronsStart Your Own Library With These Authentic Books CANON OF JUDO by Kyuze Mifune (10th Degree, Ju-dan) A most comprebensive book by ‘one of the foremost judo masters of the world. A"must” book for all Judo enthusiasts. 243 pages with aver 1000 photographs in Black and white. Superb binding with Judo jacket. 7Y/gx10l/y. $11.00 WHAT IS KARATE? by Master Masutatsy Oyama An unmatched book on Karate by an unparalleled author. An insight into this violent and yet a restraint art and sport, 144 pages with over 700 photographs. 10 pages in color, Biygxt. $6.50 AIKIDO by Koichi Tohei (6th Degree, Ku-don) The first and only book ever pub- lished and devoted strictly to Aikido, a new and fascinating art 2 concept of self defense based upon development of the mind through physical techniques. 174 pages with 177 text-photos and 35. _ full-page photos in black and white and 20 diagranns, 7Y/p10Y. $7.95 A magnificent annual, A pictorial tour of modern Japan, its culture mm and its people. Its unforgettable, unsurpassed scenic beaitty. 400 pages of art paper with more shan 1000 pictures including 150 lavish color photographs. 1013, $7.95 and Mail Today te: Orient Express Co. 158 West Adams Blvd., Los Angeles 7, California Enclosed Is_ (cash, check or money order) for books checked: (What is Karate? ClAikido (QCanon of Judo [) Tals 4s Japan re = ty rs one oe [MNT K3Q8 ASXY-NP4-Dutchman Geesink World Judo ChampBY LOCKE Dethrones Japan’s Koji Sone in Paris Tournament Victory of Holland's Anton Gee sink over Japan’s finest, Koji Sone, in the World Judo Championship matches last Decernber, marked the cod of an era of Judo domination, For the first time the best Japanese Judoists were defeated by a foreigner. Before an enthusiastic crowd of 4,000 at the Stade de Courbertia in Paris, the compateiots of the Duich f° invaded the mat to lift their new champion shoulderhigh despite is_protests. fty-seven entrants from twenty: five countries had been placed i four groups. The wianer of group to participate in the sem Te wai! after’ midnight before the final contest began. - Twenty-seven: yearold Anton Gecsink, 6'6", 2441 ds, a holder of Sth Degree (Go- fan) and seventeen European titles, ‘was one of the contestants. Kaji Sone of Japan, the defending champion and one of Japan's most famed champions, was his opponent, Tn nine minutes of the 20-minute contest, Geesiak had held Sone to the mat for the necessary 30 seconds and became the Juda champion of the world. In the finals of Group 1, Geesink of Holland was matched against Ka- mings of Japan, «Sth Degree (Go- Dan}. Kaiinga, champion of Japan for the last two years, defeated two ‘of his opponents. in less than two minutes belore meeting the Dutch Ju doist, Geesink had required only two minutes to demolish his three oppon- cents. Both men were eager and fresh. “Ae first both contestants were cau- tious, Kamings attacked first with an anklé sweep (Ko-uchi-gari). He ate tempted to counter Geesink’s defense and’ set the Dutchman up for his famed body drop (Taisotoshi). Again and again the Japanese Jadoist.at- tempted foot sweeps (Ashi-waza) fol- lowed with his favorite throw. Gee- sink escaped easily. He countered with & good hip throw (Uchi-mata) but failed to flip Kamings, Combinations ‘of sustained foot sweep and body deop attacks by the shorter Kamings did net seem to worry Gessink The Euro- n champion tried to force his op- foneae tthe at wih «ade boy drop CYokogake)- Kaminga expe ‘A very strong Foot throw by Geesink nearly scores. He shows clear supeti- ority and is warded the match, George Harris of the US. Air Force in Group Il, America’s strongest Jue doist, quickly defeats his first appon- ‘Loureiro of Portugal. He ako wins a decision from Zeiniawa of Po- land. In his match with Ehler of West Germany, Harris wins a split decision. Ehler, a young Judoist with good at- tack techniques, had just defeated a big Australian, Wake, Harris. at tempted to break Ehlers defense with a foot sweep (Ashi-wara). A Teft body drop (Lai-otoshi) followed by a leg sweep {Osoto-pari, Major Outer Reaping) by Haeeis ‘nearly scores, However, the contestants are off the mat. The German counter-attacks fiercely; it is a elose fight Hiattis is matched against Koga of Japan in the finals of Group Ml. Koga had just won a decision from Tok Yong Kim of Korea. All three Ko- reans in the championship meet showed excellent display of Judo teeh- nnigues . . . aggressiveness and speed, Koga, after displaying incredible and Beautiful Jude forms in. winning, is two matctes, meets the Korean, ‘This ptoved to be one of the best contests of the day. Their temperaments were similar; their movements lightning Tast and accurate. Koga, however, seemed more aggressive, His change of direction and combination of tech- nnigues were incredible. Tok Yong, whose reactions were equally fast, countered and nearly defeated. the Ju: Goist from Japan.’ Koga countered with a leg sweep (O-uchi-gari, Major Inner Reaping) and continued into a hip throw (Ushi-mata). Several times Tok Yong caught Koga’s leg and lifted him high’ for a throw. KogaNew champ Gecsink testing opponent's strength Geesink applies his favorite technique, Inner Thigh Throw lean sweep by the new champ tamed and was forced to come down ‘on his hands and knees. A strong foot thtow (Ashi-haeai) by Koga eatned him half @ point (Wazarri) and ti ped the scales in his favor, = Harris did well against Koga by countering quickly. However, Koga again clisplged some of the, esence of Judo: a Fighting spirit and variety of “rapid techniques. A body drop (Taiotoshi). and an over-the-shaulder throw (Seoi-makikomi) by Harris brought Koga down upon him, Koga countered rapidly with an outer sweep (Osoto-gari), a hip throw | (Ushi mata) and followed. into an O-Uchi This spun Harris into. position for a perfect hip throw (Uchi-mata) and a win, for Koga Group III contained the second US. centey, Edward Alscika of Hawaii, Al scika. was eliminated by Petherbridge of Grest Britain after a well-fought mutch, Another Dutch Judoist, Van Hierland, fought well before losing 4 decision to Tong Pae Kim of Korea Ie was a tough match ia which Van Herland was booed for continuing the contest off the mat and for throw. ing Tong Pac almost into the crowd. the unexpected victors by. Vere Grote one Gc Bessa ey Bestos Numa) {htt (Portugal) soe Geran] wo.) | eons (| tes, Corn (Sspin) lex = i eg | a igs Kaminaga | apa)” | Kaminaga Gesink (Holland) Janssen (Cinads) |e 3 mins) = | eg bene | [oe (France) ed Rigser = (Asta) — | a.) Mendoza | Ringe (Gra) _| Sian Deitit Cetposi) | gon rite 16 (yea): Deron, (w0,): Walk over Ippon: Win by point, T Thiow. Hi: turelli of Italy over ex-European cham- pion Outelet of Belgium and Grossain Of France pitted his against Tong Pae in the findls of Group IML. The more aggressive but smaller Korean used 4 reat variety of attacks on the Italian fore scoring with a shoulder drop (Seoicotoshi) ‘The defending champion Sone ret Han No San of Korea ia the finals of the Group IV. Han No San had won decisions over Gisin of Switzerland and Zan chetta ‘of Italy while Sone spent 2 matter of seconds over two of his three opponents. However, the Japa nee Judoist could only score a “vic tory on superiority” in his fest match with Metzler of West Germany. Metz- ler displayed what is fortanately 2 rare. attitude among judoists . 4 fear of defeat. He spent most of the rmatch pulling Sone to the edge of the mat and attacking only when coun terattack by the Japanese judoist could fot score of when there was no danger of a holddown (Ne-wazs, mat tech. nigues). Metzler was warned by the teferee as well 18 being. enthusiast Continued on Poge (fppon 4 mina) § ‘Yara (pe Kam Upon 10 secs.) T Keminags )T (Sppen 2 mins.) ‘Geennk i) Sie) ote Now-appetsance) ANS SleGeesink as Individual Responsible tor Victory Over Japanese in Judo TOKYO It was a case of Holland's Anton Geesink's individual victory and ot a vistory of foreign judo in gon feral over Japan's judo at the third Word Judo Championships in. Paris Aecording te Shokient Nasu, the 105 ‘world champion, Natsul, Holder of the 7th grade and winner of the flrst, World 74d0.char lonships held In ‘Tokyo in 1936, re- fumed Wednesday after coaching Judo In Buropo for a year. Ho was a judge at the Paris championships Tost to-am Individual Sure, our judokas lost to Geesink,” Natsu euid. "But they lost only” to Geesink, the individual, and it was not a case of defeat of Japan's judo io foreign, judo.” He claimed there was still a largo gap in the level Detween the judo of Japan nnd that abroad. But he warned thera must be more diligence and sel- entific training by Japanese judokas {or the attainment of the highest tech- “First, our judokar will have. to study how they cam bent Geesinks” id, “They will Have to train hard and master every little known technique and abendon any’ complie eoney about the superiority of Japa ese jude.” Tehizo Kudo, holder of the ninth, grade and a teacher at the Police University, recalled that Goesink came to Japan in January this year and trained at the Kadokan “tor to months. ‘Goesink Confident “Geesinic returned: to Europe cont- dent of winning in the thira World Championships. ‘Three of them would compete and we looked forward to Satisfactory results” Kudo said the detent of the Japa reso Judokas was "bitter" but It Pointed out the need for, reflection bn future conduct of Japan's judo. epanese fudokees must have more experience ‘competing against “big” ‘men, Kudo sald. They also must con- Gentrate on obtaining falls instead of winning by decisions, he sald. “Expremed Confidence He expressed confidence that Japan would win all four gold medals in the YoGH Olympic Games judo competitian in the three weight clases and the open Unrestricted welght classifieation. ‘Gectink is mot expected to compete In the Tokyo Olymple Games because he would be Ineligible az a profes: sional, who conducts a judo and gen etic training school. LESLIE. NAKASHIMA CURE Sports Kaitor for Asia) Japan, whieh once held claim to Inaving the fastest simmons, the best judo men and the biggest ace eaters, ew clings feebly to anly the latter 1 ‘They have long ago lost thelr claim to the swimming tite. ‘And December Sed in Paris, they lost one of thelr most cherlalved posl- tans. "That of having the world’s best judo ‘The culprit who tore the title from {hele hands can be labeled in the class of the bit the hands which fed im” ‘Anton Geesinke learned all of his Judo. im Japan under Japan's top ine ‘Structors and competitors. Then he re- Rurned to bis mative Holland to avalt Fis matehes with those who alded him, ‘The rest is now history. Tt also proves the theory, “A good big man ean whip a good iittie man.” ‘here are some stronzholds in Jupan ‘which don't buy this theory. ‘They suy the basis of jud is to give the Iiltle man a change to eamapate ealnst the bigger men “This theory could never he tosted, ‘unt this year, because while many hig_men took’ up. the sport, ‘none earned it well enough to’ be classed as a top judaist ‘Now that Geesink has developed all the techniques his Japanese Toes have held, the theory Is’ shot full of holes ‘Geesink proves that two men of equal talents are never equal If one ‘mai ia Bigger than the other, Up to now the Fapanese shave al wage won because (Bey were the bet= ter technicians of the sport, Now, as the world catches up in the same tech- higues, the whole thinking of Judo wil Shane: "The i964 Olymples will be a starting point. They are classing the Judo intehes by weights “Alot of experts argued against this in Japan, but the success of the plant Goasink against is smaller Japanese foes should ease'a lot of the ara ‘OF course, the top Japanese Judolsts ‘are not small, ‘Keli Sone, the one who lost to Goo- sing, ie 520 and Ups the seale at 215, But Geesink Is 65 and woighs 240 pounds. Its wolng to take some daing to chop thls Dutchman down to size GEORGE YOSHINAGA LA, Kashu Manicht NEW Look ar suDO ‘The Japanese judo experts are wen dering what will happen next to judo. By Maving the world championship won by 8 nomdJapanese has been 8 Gemendaus “shock te the Japanese People. dt means loss of face for Ja- an, However, this is something which ‘Was expected unless some means were devised so that the tournament can bo divided according to weight. “A-atrong man who knows the holds ‘and the techniques of judo con pin oven a small man who may be as ee pert judolat. Weight will make a great Seal of difference vehen the ability 1s ‘shout equal ‘The time will be coming when the contestants must be divided ints Clases according to height and wight, ‘smaller man is aot going to win over #8 good man who is bigger. ‘he fortheoming Glympies may see the changes in the rules ao that the hnon-Japantse blager man will be mect- Sng someone of his own size, The con. tent Up t the present has been Judged sccording to the ranks attained. This may not be a fale classification. The Filles may have tobe ehanged to mect the new development of foreigners at- {tining high skill equal to the best in Japan " —SABURO KIDO Shin Nichi-Bet Japanese Stunned by Loss in World Judo Tourney in Paris ‘TOKYO—Japanese newspapers gave top play to Holland's Anton Geesink’'s wed in the Woeld dude Caeaplon: 'A topical teudline in the newspapers was; “Yapan Finally Gives Up Throne in Sago” Diligent Training Seventy-eight-year-old. Kyuz0 Mix fune, Japan's foremost living exponent of dud and the only holder of the 10t fade, sald he had feared that Ceesinie Would be. the winner because af his Uilizent tralning in Japan und the 3 tinment of Righ technique as a result ShokieM Natsul, 70 grade, m police: Word Judo Championshigs tld in To kyon 106, sald the Japanese Lost 19 Geesink’s “superior physica! strength ‘Yoshihiko. Yoshimatsu, 7th eae, ‘another policeman who Was Funmier-up to dtatsul im 1056, ule he Was shocked At thé Geesink victory. But he added it was @ "good opportunity for Japa none judo, to reflect" “But we do. nol have to be pessic mlatte over the 1964 Olympic Games; Yshimatsu sald, “We must 0 watch more carefully the pr Toreian Judokas. But Isnt Geeaini the nly really strong foreigner now? ‘Aporove Weight Casts Both Natsul and Yoshimatsu. indi- cated they appraved the decision of the International Judo Assn. to. hold the Judo competition Inthe 1804 Olsmmple Gamer In three weight eater orien, "Toshiro Daigo, @ former Japanese champion, said ‘Geesink Incked. tech Inique when he participated here for the first time in the 1998 World chime ionships "But Geesink hag mae such phenom. tonal progress in teehnigue within tho past three years that none of the top Fapasiese collegians could beat ble Daigo sald ‘Delgo pointed out that Japancee Judo ‘experts slgo tacked sulicient study of foreian fudolsts and must re vise training methods here “phe foreigners have talsen up judo whereas it hus been considered an art fis a sport with emphasis on matches, Of selédetense in Japan,” Daigo said Kokt Naganuma, seventh grade and ‘s Juco commentator, blamed what Re falted insufficient stady af foreign fic akas as the principal reason for Jom fan's defeat, “Hjapanese’ used. to beat the taller and heavier foreigners. boeause they, epended only, on. physical strength Naganuma sal, “htastered AIL Points But Geasink recently had mastered even the minor points and was close {o'the top Tapanese judokas in tech it ia natural that the physically weaker Fapnnese would be st a diendvantaxe, EXow tim Judo as become m mod ‘ern sport, Japanese Juda is at a turn fhe poini. We must think of ne raining methods such as road work 1d Gee sink’s victory was * Geasink's technique’ appeared 10. be better than, that of the Japanese and that he hed demonstrated that. while in training in Japan early this 3¢ISCUSSIONS of the nature and history of the origins of Karate have been going on for years and with varying results, Among the more recent publications one only need compare two or three at random to find that they are repet- itive, with everyone chewing the same cud. What is gross negligence and a miscarriage of justice is that these articles and publications contain little or no truth. They demean the long history of the development of mactial atts. The violence and brutility these publications use in description leads one to believe that Karate was practiced by ruffians and illiterates, and causes one to wonder what kind of society produced this art. Was it a society uncivil ized and without a moral code of justice? To better understand the significance of Karate, a study of the terminology is essential, The teem Karate, is comprised of two Chinese characters, Kara, or in Chinese, T’ang, and Te or Shou. The first word denotes anything that is of a Chinese origin as the T'ang dynasty, 618-960 A.D. is revered as an Age of Enlightenment. The second word, Te simply teans hand or fists. This is the official term as recorded in historical works and dictionaries and encyclopediae. ‘The popular interpretation of “empty hands’ is an evolution from the werd Kara in Japanese which yssesses on the one hand a meaning of “China,” and on the other, “empty.” Discussing the place of origin of Karate, it can be stated that almost everyone agrees it started in China. However, as to the date and founder, the popular consensus is that it started during the T'ang dynasty and attributed to Daruma (P'u:ti’ tamo), the first Buddhist patriarch to China, while a resident at Hsiao-lia Monastery. Historical Roots of Karate BY WILLIAM Cc. C, HU ), 10 Sensational Hunting publicationsBurial statues with fighting stance, Han Dynasty, 206 B.C, - 265 A.D. Questions have been raised about his origin, but recent Chinese and Japanese scholars have definitely established the fact that such a person was in China during the period, 520-535. With these dates veri- fied, and if the founder of Karate is Daruma, then the ‘Tang dynasty is refuted as the dates do not coincide. In the Kuang-Asizo-ssu chib ot the History of the Kuang-hsiao Monastery, it states: ‘The first Patriarch Daruma arrived in Canton from Tien-chu (India), and stayed at the Harilakit Grove. At the time, Emperor Wu was a faithful adherent of Buddhism, The magistrate of Canton, Hsiao Ang, reported his arrival. The Emperor sent ‘emissaries to teccive the monk at Nanking, They had a meeting, but no impression was made on the Emperor. The monk crossed the Yang-tze to the north, stayed at the Ssiao-Lin Monastery at Sung shan. Another source noting his arrival is found in the Hsu kao seng chuan, a Supplement of Biographies of Eminent Monks: Daruma came to Brahman stock in Souther India. He was a genius and caught on to things readily. He dedicated his life to the propagation of the doc: trines of Mahayana, and reached high attainments in meditation and communion with the infinite. He felt a duty to carry the light to the people in this part of the world, and would seek to deliver them from ignorance. He first reached the Nan Yueh area (Canton), and later proceeded north to Wei Wherever he went, he taught the people the doc- trine of Ch’an (meditation, in Japanese, Zen). The statement that he was a Brahman is incor- rect, as he belonged to the Kehattriya or Kshatriya caste. However, in both of these sources, there is no. -mention that Daruma started Karate, except that they establish the fact that he was in residence at Hsiao-lin Monastery. ‘The only form of physical exercise that is attri- buted to Daruma is found in a book’ that is sup- posedly written by him called I-chin ching, the Doc- trine of relaxing tension. Another work that is mentioned in the preface of this book is the Hsi-tui ching or the doctrine of cleansing the marrow, expounded by Hui-’o, the successor of Bodhidarma, However, this work did not survive. ‘The I'chin ching, viewed in a most narrow sense, cannot be classified as a type of physical exercise, as Karate, since there is no movement of the fect. Ie is mainly interested in the various methods of breathing, Inasmuch as one would like to believe that Daruma was the founder of Karate, and that Ch'an ‘or Zen is the essence, nevertheless it must be refuted, On one hand, Buddhism is a non-violent religion, WKARA a (Tang) | rs TECHNIQUE Fe KARA a TE (Hand) GUNG (Werk) KARATE TECHNIQUE and is disinterested in wordly attainments; and on the other hand, a highly developed form of Kempo, or popularly called Kung-fu, was already in existence in China before his arrival Although Danuma was a resident of Hsiao-lin Monastery for nine years, neverthless, the popular Chinese saying is that he did nothing except Face the walls in meditation for that period, He is often tefecred to as Piikuan P'o-lo-men, or the Wall-g ing Brahman, If he had confined himself in medita- tion in those nine years while at Hsiao-lin Mona- stery, then all reports that he taught the monks to exercise in the arts of Kempo or Kung-fu is erron- cous In the Have-shu i-wenchib, or the Literature of the Han dynasty, compiled by Pan Ku between 32-92 A.D., there is mentioned a book, Shou.pu, which is 4 treatise on fist fighting. It is the first book on this subject that is recorded in history. This work written during the Pre-Christian era, suggests that Kempo or Kung-fu was highly developed The highly developed forms of Kempo ot Kung-fu in China may have been exported to the nearby countries that were under the influence of the Chinese civilization. However, it is a popular con- tention that the form of Karate that is practised in the Ryukyu (Okinawa) Islands was imported by the Work’ou, or Wako who were Japanese and Oki- nawan pirates that ravaged the South China coast. The héight of their activities were during the Ming dynasty, 1368-1643. During this period, some Chinese even joined in their ranks, of which the most famous was Cheng Chib-lung, the father of Koxinga (Koxinga is the conqueror of Formosa). Equally decisive, natueally, is the character of the periods throughout which they have developed and changed, of which again, they are symptomatic exponents. The eatly spheres of the devolpment on Kempo or Kung-fu are regionally limited, not uni- versal, depending on the civilization out of which they have grown, And it is reasonable to suppose that a highly-developed civilization, such as existed in China, can invent and develop such an art. How then, we may ask, is it possible for the mod- em Western mind to truly understand a grafted form of Chinese martial art of Karate which was introduced only three or four hundred years ago into the Ryukyu (Okinawa) Islands, without prying into the very essence and root of Chinese history? icltel is aaa Es! Teen ro tes at Cie uo a Sa en ot Na eRES) Se Mela oe miele eee Sa etA Family of Enthusiasts DeT was a warm October afternoon in Los Ange- les. The Wood family, leisurely headed east in- stead of south. On Sunday they usually spent their day at Her- mosa Beach, but today the fam- ily was going to attend a special event. John Wood, with one hand on the steering wheel, glanced up at the rearview mirror. “Nervous?” he inquired. “Just a little, daddy!" answered Daryl and Ronnie from the rear seat. John glanced at his wife's wrist watch and noticed that it was al- most one o'clock. “Better get go- ing,” he drawled, “or we'll never make it.” In a few minutes their gray car turned into Corinth Street from Olympic Blvd. Immediately they saw many people heading toward a huge white building. Pointing at the white building, Daryl ex: citedly cried, “that must be the place.” The building resembled a high school gym, but as the Woods en. tered, they noticed a huge white canvas mat covering the entire floor. Missing were the basketball nets normally found ia all. gyms. ‘As John and his wife, Ruth, walked down the aisle, they were somewhat surprised at the famil- iar faces, nodding “hi” to them. Hesitantly, they eased into the first empty chairs. But before they could be comfortably seated, John noticed a few empty seats in the center of the hall, He nudged Ruth to stand up, and both moved to the empty seats Meanwhile, Daryl and Ronnic, carrying white bundles under their arms, disappeared from the ee hhall, After ten minutes reappeared with a group of iB ao women all dese ln white uniforms — some wore col- ored belts... blue and brown and a Few wore black skirts, The group, barefooted, walked briskly fon the mat in single file. As the leader of the group reached the As blonde, teenage Daryl Flipped her brother Ronnie, Parents John and Ruth Smiled with approval end of the mat, he sat down and the rest followed. Then someone called out "O-lei” and the group. bowed to the spectators, After the master of ceremonies. welcomed the spectators to the first Aikido exhibition by Master Koichi Tohei, he then introduced the two youngest performers of the event, Daryl and Ronaie Wood. Ronnie immediately stood up when he heard his name, but Daryl kept completely stil. "Come on, Sis, that's us,” he whispered. Daryl, a blonde who looked much older than thirteen, ner- vously stood up and followed her brother to the center of the mat. Both bowed to each other, and Ronnie quickly seized his sister's wrist. She pivoted swiftly and in seconds flipped her brother upon the mat. Ronnie rolled quietly on his back like a tumbler and in- stictively stood up. Without warning, he rushed Daryl from behind and wrapped his arms around her shoulders Daryl, in @ continuous motion, ox. tended both arms forward, step- ‘ped off with her right foot, and bent forward. In that instant Ron- nie felt himself being thrown over hher shoulder, This time he landed with a “thud” on the soft mat. Ronnie, unhurt, but slight! shaken, slowly stood up and sud- denly Junged at his sister. Daryl sidestepped his advance and si- multaneously geabbed his wrist She then appl ida slight twist and Ronnie had to go dowa again, ‘Again and again Ronnie attacked futilely as Daryl kept out-maneu- vering him. Finally Roane, pant jing and sweating, bowed 10 his sister, and both joined the other performers ‘AS the crowd gave them a tre: mendous ovation, Daryl glanced ‘up and looked for her parents. In a minute, she spotted them, Dad acknowledged approval by wink. ing at her. Daryl was especially jubilant isbecause it was her Dad's desire that both of them should learn the art of self-defense well. Before they started to practice ‘Aikido, they aleeady had studied Judo. Daryl had studied six ‘months at Tucson, Arizona, and Ronnie two years under the tute- lage ot Earl Nishimoto in Holly- John Wood was born in Pateau, Oklahoma, Even as a child he yeamed to learn an art of self defense. In high school he at ten-pted to learn ju-jtsu from a pulp book when he couldn't lo- cate a dojo in his community, In 1949 he moved to Berkeley, California, and received his initial Judo lessons from Hank Ogawa (4th Degree Yo-dan) and Ray Otsuka (3rd Degree Sandan). Tn 1951 he matriculated at Uni- versity of California, Berkeley, and moved to San Pablo, Ric mond. Since there was no dojo in the vicinity, he converted his two- car garage into one, Now that he had a place to practice, he needed a partner, His children were too small, and he knew no one who would be interested in Judo. 16 practices. The only available person was his wife, Ruth, After much per- suasion, Ruth finally became his reluctant partner, For the first six months John patiently took the ukemis (Falls) Then one day as Ruth at- tempted to throw her husband, he countered and flipped her over his shoulder, Ruth fell to the mat with a loud slam. More surprised than hust, she slowly stood up, rubbed the ‘sight side of her hip, and walked toward the door. “Hon, you hurt?" John apologetically murmured. She whirled around and replied indignantly “you can have your Judo by yourself! ‘That was the last time Ruth ever donned a judogi (uniform) Ruth now lets her husband and her children do the “rough and tumble” activities. She prefers be- ing a housewife and a school teacher at Kenter Canyon School in Los Angeles. John kept his dojo open for two years, During that time, he had thirty students, And one of them, Daven Bowen, took the 1952 Northern California Judo Cham- The Wood family enters the Califemia Aiki Kai's dojo ready to begin their regular training. Left to right John (Fother!, Ruth (mother), Ronald (son), and Daryl (daughter). Daryl threws Ded and her brother Ron with a “‘Futari Ryotemech! Kokyunage” in 1¢ of thelr regular aikido pionship for boys under seventeen. In 1955 he moved to Los An- eles. He continued his study at U.G.L.A,, and between studies he practiced Judo at Venice Dojo un- der Kiyo’ Hiro (th Degree Yo He finally received his BS. de. gree in 1957, and presently is em- ployed as a physicist by the Aero- space Corp., El Segunda, Calif Since 1953, John was curious about Aikido. He first heard of Aikido from his former Judo tu- tors who witnessed the perform- ance of Master Koichi Tohei dur: ing the 1953 Judo Toumament held in San Jose He had never heard of Aikido again until seven years later, In 1960 an acquaintance mentioned an Aikido school in Los Angeles. He immediately investigated and liked what he had seen, Although he is a black belt holder (1st De- gree Shodan) since 1952, he was willing to: shed his Black Belt and wear a-white one. After studying ‘Aikido for a few months, he be- came so captivated by the art that he induced his son and daughter to join him.AN OLD SWORD FLASHES IN THE DARK SHADOW ERE IN Japan it is possible to return to the world Of the samurai (warrior) by visit- ing any of the old cities such as Kama- kura, Kyoto or Nara—to name but a few. One of Japan's most versatile actors, Toshiro Mifune, is noted throughout the world for his many soles depicting the life of some noted ronin—or masterless. samurai. During the shooting of the film TSUBAKI SANJURO, Kurosawa's story of the adventurous life of a ronin during the early Tokugawa period, ‘Mifune was introduced to the “Kotoh Eiri Ryu,” an ancient endo school of swordsmanship. The name of the school means "a fine sword flashing in the BY DR, GORDON WARNER 1, We see Mifune walking slowly into the face of death, fearless, with hie bands inside his kimono to keep. them warm, Such an abondonment of caution, expected, throws his wouldsbe attackers off guard, 18 darkness of the shadows.” Mifune's sportsmanship blood warmed to the story, which is, of course, leg- endary. During feudal times a master swordsman from this schol could dispatch as many a5 eight men in five seconds! Thus the man of Toho Motion Pictures “cham- bara” or "samurai" films began to think about the possibilities of such skill. The following series of movements is designed to show how a swordsman might have the necessary movements to dispatch eight men. Had our hero, Mifune, really been in a mood to fight and had he lived four hundred years ago, it might have been done.2. Ima flash his left hand draws the long sword from the NB scabbard (saiya) a thrust to the rear stops the first attacker.6 As he turns, the sword is a flash, and number seven falls, 7. The master swordsman is now in a position to dispatch is cghth opponent. Having brought his sword to the ready position he quickly carries out his specialty the “dohogiri” ‘movement which dispatches his foe. ‘As the sword is returned to the seabbard with only the slight metalic click as the guard (tsuba) strikes home. The total Lapye of time is just five seconds. However, ‘Toshio Mifune is the first to admit that he is stil just a ‘student in the art of Iai, the drawing of the live blade. ‘Student or not, his aetion’on the sereen is impressive. Per- ‘has projected Mifune as a modern hero on the screen. One thing sets him apart from ather actors, he, Toshiro Mifune is a man among mea. Photos by the Toho Company Ltd, Foreign Dept.Nick Adams -- Film and TV Star with the . Samurai Yen fs: ‘ever heard of an Ameri- can actor in a Japanese samurai (warrior) movie! ‘Well’ that's one of the secret desires of Nick Adams, the Johnny Yuma of THE REBEL series. “Toshiro Mifune was superb in YOJIMBO,” beamed Nick as he enthusiastically demonsteated some of the intricate swordplay, “Oriental martial arts has al- ways fascinated me,” he said. ‘Columnist Joe Hyams and Ed Parker convinced me that Karate was the art for me. Karate seemed to satisfy my physical needs. It’s 2 a man’s sport, It keeps one alert and physically fit. It can be vio- lent. It pulls no punches. When- ever a need arises it can be used without hesitation and decisively. Te’s quick, I's Final." This love for rock'em sock’em physical contact has instilled in Nick Adams a ruggedness which has proven to be a big asset in his work, He does not shy away from any stunts required of him in a TY or movie script. Nick was born on a farm in Pennsylvania but grew up in Jer- sey City, New Jersey. He attended Sacred Hearts Grammar School, At Henry Synder High School he ‘excelled and won letters in all major sports. He quarterbacked the football team, played guard in ‘basketball, and went out for base- ball and track. “Nick's got the drive,” com: mented his Karate instructor, Ed Parker. "The willingness to dish it out as well as take it. This and ‘other qualities tempered with re- straint makes Nick an adept stue dent of Karate,” ‘After graduation Nick worked at various jobs. But his desire toRugged Nick Eyes New Television Series Featuring Karatebecome 2 movie actor was so ins tense that he hitch-hiked to Holly. wood in 1950. He was determined to crash the movies. However, lack of experience and being an “unknown” were big obstacles Unsuccessful tries at the movie studios forced Nick to seek jobs alsewhere. While waiting for a “break,” he worked at auto service station, ice cream parlor, and other stops on the bread and butter circuit ‘With the advent of the Korean conflict, Nick enlisted in the Coast Guard for a 3-year period, Dur. ing his enlistment he obtained a Ieave to act in the film, MISTER ROBERTS. Working alongside of Henry Fonda, James Cagney, and other movie personalities not only ulated his desire for acting but it also offered Nick a foot- hold in motion pictures. Upon his discharge from the service in January of 1955, Nick renewed his acquaintance with Director Melvyn’ LeRoy of the MISTER ROBERTS days. Under ‘LeRoy’s guidance Nick made sev. eral movies: REBEL WITHOUT A CAUSE with his pal, James Dean, FURY AT SHOWDOWN with John Derek and many others, ‘As. stated previously, Hyams interested Nick in taking Karate from Parker. Parker, also an ex: ‘Coast Guardsman, proved to be a -very capable teacher. "After a few months of train- ing,” revealed Nick, "I" realized that Karate was one of the best -ways of keeping in shape. I also found that variations of many Karate techniques were of great value for the fight scenes in my ‘TV and movie shows,” When asked if he had ever resorted to Karate in self-defense, ‘Nick Adams replied that he had snot. He wanted to recommend that all young. enthusiasts of Karate take up the art for the sake of physical fitness... That is, to improve oneself physically and not for the sake of using Karate in ‘gang fights or for other ulterior motives. Nick feels the realization 24 that one can take care of one’s self through Karate is « big boost to self confidence. “Best defense against fights is tn aon tener ait ‘Nick teamed up with Elvis Pres- ley's musical revue in 1957 and toured the South, His acts included impersonations of Cagney, Cary Grant, and Marlon Brando. His contact with Southern culture and mannerisms during the tour proved valuable in his future work, Co- starring role as a wacky South- emer in the movie, NO TIME FOR SERGEANTS, proved to be a big break for Nick. In it he proved that he was also fic class comedian Collaborating with Producer A. J. Fenady and Director Irvin Kershner in 1954, Nick Adams launched on his biggest venture — a new TV show, It was a sequel to the original Dick Powell's Zane Grey Theater production of YOUNG JOHNNY YUMA—a show in Which Nick had starred. The story dealt with an ex-Confed- erate soldier and writer, who wan- ders through the early West seck- ing a place in a choatic world. ‘A title, THE REBEL, was selec- ted. On October 4, 1959, the first telecast of the series was a tremen- ous success. The rest is TV his- tory. "Hiaving completed his_tatest movic, HELL IS FOR HEROES, a Paramount production, Nick is already busily going over a new script. HELL 1S FOR HEROES, a war movie, concerns the assault on the Siegfried Line and co-stars Bobby Darin, Fess Parker, and ‘many others. Nick hopes to obtain technical assistance from his brother, Dr ‘Andrew Adams, a Chicago sueg- con, for his next picture. Nick will star in Columbia's INTERNS, a movie dealing with the struggles of young doctors. If movie and TY commitments permit, Nick Adams dreams of doing a series on Karate, He hopes to present Karate in a more realis- tic form — making his newly ac quired art more authentic to the public at large, It would be a series dealing with a group of Karateists on a Karate errant. In the TV series Adams would moze or less follow the ways of Japan- ese samurai-wartiors of the past, who travel the byways between various schools, challenging and sharpening their skills, The marked similarities between the escapades of his earlier TV counterpart, Johnay ‘Yuma, and thase of the samurai of Japanese history ideally fit Adams to the projected new’ series. Nick has found satisfaction and fulfillment not only in his work but through his wonderful mar- riage to attractive Carol Nugent, who is also an actress, They are the happy and proud parents of two children — Allyson Lee and Jeb Stuart. The drive and ruggedness that is inherent in Nick Adams has car- ried him to great heights in the movie and TV industries. Applying these same qualities, he has excelled in Karate and is contributing to its better under- standing by the American public by acting as an ambassador of an ‘ancient ast — Karate,Self Defense For Women Learn These Simple Techniques - - They May Be Just What You Need In An Emergency Self-defense for women, The very though! seems unnat- sural £0 most members of the fair sex. Isis their fervent hope never to find themselves in a position where they must defend them selves physically. Indeed, business women and housewives in ovr busy times often do not have time to attend classes where they might learn the arts of self-defense. Still others, who might find the tine are tacking in patience to continue a course of siudy. In order 10 assist ladies in both categories, BLACK BELT is pre- senting a series of simple pictorial self-defense techniques in this is- sue. BLACK BELT will continge 40 run such informative pictorial Spreads in subsequent issues at well These techniques will be se Jected from, or will be modifica tions of, carious martial arts and Sports including Judo, Karate and Aikido. Our aim will be to make the Jessont easy 10 maiter and easy to remember. It is important t0 bear in mind, However, that mastery of there techniques does not make any lady invulnerable t0 attack. Unforseen and snpredictable circumssances can nullify all that the very most diligent lady student bas Fearned. 26 Is is well to remember at all times that the best defense against assault is to avoid srouble, never t0 invite it through inaprudence. Some of the techniques we will show may seem waspectacular, But they will be found adequate and sufficient in coping with many sitwations Many of these techniques are designed primarily for distracting or inflicting superficial injury to the assailant, They are not meant so subdue bin, During this period when you have distracted him, it is of ‘the utmost importance to evade bis grasp and make am escape, Rave hhing away swiftly and screaming care very effective Remember, t00, that though you may learn your Lessons well in BLACK BELT, there is no substi- tute for actual training sessions at 4 competent martial aris school. Ar all times should you be con fronted with an attacker remem- ber the following: 1. Be calm, Show no panic. Panic merely encourages the as- silent. 2. Try talking, try reasoning. Often no other avenue of action is open. 3. Try walking away fearlessly. if you are attacked despite all theie precaationary efforts, then make use of the techniques we wil show yor. An Unwanted Kiss This technique is used to thwart the advances of an over-amorous assailant or even ++. a"gentleman.” It can be used while siting in 6 car, seated on a couch, or while standing, This technique is very effective in. discouraging or dampening the ardour of your opponent. He will realize that YOU are capable of taking care of yourself 1. Do not struggle. Strug- gling will only increase his confidence. If your arms are pinned of locked, distract your attacker's attention as he draws you close, Blow sharply into his eyes or face. Pinch his thighs or side. Kick his shin or step on his instep, if standing. If escape becomes a necessity and an assailant grabs you while you are standing, knee- kick te his groin or crotch, 2. Move your freed right hand swiftly toward his chin, KEEP THE PALM OF YOUR HAND ALWAYS FACED TO- WARD, YOUR ATTACKER. Grasp his face just below the cheekbone with your thumb and middle finger. Apply pres- sure by squeezing. (See Figures 4.and 5 for detailed close-up.) If the chin is missed, continue up with your hand and slam into the underside of his nose or flick your fingers into his eyes to temporarily blind him, While applying pressure to his face, force his head back slightly. Holding your right arm rigid, lean toward your at- tacker. This will force his head further back. Now, extend your arm to the full length. Move away or escape by run- ning when you are free from his grasp.UDDENLY, the stillness of the room was shattered by a deep throated roar... ""Ab-h-h!” All eyes were focused upon a man uniformed in a white training suit. He wore a black belt. His movements were rclaxed, and yet one sensed the unbeliev- able speed and force at the termi. nation of each thrust, chop, kick or jab. The apparent destcuctive wer was overshadowed by the sauty of a continuous flowing movement The man was Master Hidetaka Nishiyama, a permanent director and head instructor at the Japan Karate Association in Tokyo. “When I peactice during free sparring (Kumite),” contended Nishiyama, "Tam oblivious to ev- erything around me. I feel exhila rated When my movements are uninhibited and flow quickly and smoothly. All movements are done spontaneously, Each movement is performed with an objective or arpose.” Pi akipsens’ was bain a3 ips ago in the city of Tokyo. At the 28 Master Hidetaka Nishiyama Explains Karate’s Real Goal . . . Not to Bask in the Glory Of Achievement But to Push Forward Always To the Limit of Your Capability age of 17 he was attracted to Ka- rate; he wanted to master the art to acquite physical prowess as well as to gain the admiration of those around him, "AE 17 one’s goals are very simple. If one wants to do some- jing, one does it. 1 wanted to learn Karate, so I sought a school on Karate, Whether itis for a self- ish reason that one takes up an insignificant, What really how one applies what one has learned, “As I became more and more engrossed in Karate, I discovered that Karate possessed a stimulus which could not be gained in any othee ast of sport. I became sold on the art.” Nishiyama studied under the tutelage of the late Master Gichin Funakoshi, ‘The development of Karate as it is now practiced in Japan is largely due to the efforts of Funakoshi. The Japan Karate Association, with more than 200,- 000 members throughout Japan, was established under his guid- ance. At the Takushoku University Nishiyama majored in Economi even with his studies he continued to train in Karate, He headed the school's famed Karate team, Every moment of his free time was de- voted to the mastery of this newly acquired art, Before morning classes, during lunch hours, and after schoal hours, he was found in continual practice of Karate techniques. ‘This desire for the mastery did not diminish even af- ter graduation from the university. “There are those,” continued Nishiyama, “who think that they can become proficient in the art of Karate by meditating or philos- opbizing without actual physical training. I do not think that this is possible. Karate is a study of techniques. It does not differ basic- ally from other sports or arts. It requires conscientious and exten- sive physical training. “ALL Karate movements are done instantaneously. IE your op- ponent stands but a few feet away, he can attack you in a split second. ‘At this precise moment one’s mind‘must react without hesitation. This reflex can be acquired only through concentrated practice “Practice, practice, and more ractice,” emphasized Nishiyama, “should be the aim of all Karate: ists. When a point is reached in training where progress is sty- ied, then is the time to sit down and meditate. Meditate only on the problem which is ditectly con- cerned . . . exclude all others Concentrate all your energy on one thought. This training in meditat- ing can become a part of Karate training —one will discover that subsequent problems become easier to solve.” ‘While at the university, Nishi- yama received his Ist Degree (Shodan) rank in Karate. Later, he was elevated to the rank of 3rd Degree (San-dan) by Master Fun- okoshi, In June of 1960 4 rank of Sth Degree (Go-dan) was awarded Under the auspices of the U.S. Strategic Air Command, Nishi- yama and two other karateists, T. Kamata and I. Obata toured the United States and Puerto Rico dus- ing the period June-September of 1953. The mea representing the Japan Karate Association gave demonstrations at various U.S. Air Force bases. Included in the group were seven judoists from the famed Kodokan in Tokyo, Nishiyama arrived in Southern, California in July of 1961 for a six-month stay at the invitation of the California Karate Association During his stay, he worked to sptead Karate to the West Coast. It is his desire to be instrumental in strengthening the instructors’ group so that the spread of Karate will follow a firm and well- founded path. “Students of Karate are increas- ing in number, not only in Japan,” stated Nishiyama, “but through- out the world. My main concern is that they become dedicated stu- dents of Karate and that they as pire to accomplish more than mere mastery of techniques