Axilla, Axillary artery and Lymph node

Axilla
Regarding the clavipectoral fascia, it
F A. extends from clavicle to pectoralis major
F B. is attached to superior surface of clavicle
F C. is pierced by medial pectoral nerve
T D. is pierced by the acromiothoracic artery
F E. is the superficial fascia of pectoral region

The clavipectoral fascia is pierced by

F A. basalic vein
F B. internal thoracic artery
T C. lateral pectoral nerve
F D. lateral thoracic artery
F E. musculocutaneous nerve

Regarding the boundaries of apex of axilla

T A. anterior part : clavicle
F B. basal part : clavipectoral fascia
F C. lateral part : head of humerus
F D. medial part : inner border of first rib
F E. posterior part : outer of the second rib

Walls of axilla have

T A. a narrow lateral wall
F B. four walls, such as anterior, posterior, floor & medial walls
F C. pectoralis major and minor, clavipectoral fascia and subclavius muscles in posterior wall
F D. subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi &scapula in anterior wall
F E. three walls, such as anterior, posterior & medial walls

Muscle forming the posterior wall of the axilla is

F A. coracobrachialis
F B. long head of triceps
F C. pectoralis minor
T D. subscapularis
F E. teres minor

The axilla contains

F A. dorsal scapular nerve
F B. latissimus dorsi muscle
F C. suprascapular artery
T D. superior thoracic artery
F E. trunks of the brachial plexus
Regarding injury to Axilla
F A. circumflex scapular vessels can be damaged
F B. internal thoracic artery can be ruptured
F C. nerve to subclavius can be injuried
F D. paralysis of deltoid and teres major
T E. roundness of the shoulder is lost and bony parts are abnormally prominent

Axillary artery
The axillary artery
F A. begins at the inner border of 1st rib
F B. begins at the upper border of the clavicle
F C. has the median nerve anterior to its proximal third
T D. has the radial nerve behind the distal third
F E. terminates as it crosses the inferior border of pectoralis minor

The axillary artery

F A. begins at the inner border of 2nd rib
F B. has subscapular branch from its 2nd part
T C. has the radial nerve behind the distal third
F D. is divided by pectoralis major into three parts
F E. terminates as it crosses the superior border of teres major

Branches of axillary artery are

F A. acromiothoracic and subscapular arteries from its 2nd part
F B. lateral thoracic artery from 1st part of it
T C. subscapular, anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries from 3rd part
F D. supreme thoracic and lateral thoracic arteries from 1st part
F E. vertebral artery from its 3rd part

Axillary lymph node

Regarding the axillary lymph nodes
T A. apical group receives the lymph from all area of breast
F B. central group forms the smallest group
F C. lateral nodes drain most of the breast
F D. pectoral node forms the largest group and is most often palpable
F E. subscapular nodes drain the anterior part of the shoulder region

The axillary lymph nodes are grouped into

F A. apical nodes which lie medial to the axillary artery
F B. central nodes which lie near apex of axilla
F C. lateral nodes which drain the upper limb and cervical region
T D. pectoral nodes which drain most of the breast
F E. posterior nodes which lie along the lateral thoracic vein

Muscles of arm, forearm and hand

Muscles of arm
In the mid-arm region
F A. brachialis muscle inserts into the humerus
F B. coracobrachialis inserts to the lateral surface of the middle third of the humerus
F C. long head of triceps originates from the humerus
T D. nutrient artery enters the humerus
F E. radial nerve pierces the medial intermuscular septum to enter the medial compartment

The biceps brachii muscle

F A. arises from the superior border of the scapula
F B. inserts into the olecranon process of ulna
T C. is a strong supinator
F D. is an extensor of the elbow joint
F E. is supplied in part by the radial nerve

Regarding triceps
F A. it has long head, short head and medial head
F B. it inserts into the posterior aspect of the radial tuberosity
T C. it is extensor of the forearm
F D. long head receives two branches of the radial nerve
F E. medial head has origins in both lateral and medial intermuscular septum

Muscles of forearm
Superficial layer of the flexor muscles of the forearm include
F A. brachioradialis
F B. flexor digitorum profundus
F C. flexor pollicis longus
F D. pronator quadratus
T E. pronator teres

A 45-year-old man is admitted to the hospital after accidentally walking through a plate glass
door in a bar while intoxicated. Physical examination shows multiple lacerations to the upper
limb, with inability to flex the distal interphalangeal joints of the fourth and fifth digits. Which
of the following muscle is most likely affected?
F A. flexor carpi radialis
F B. flexor carpi ulnaris
T C. flexor digitorum profundus
F D. flexor digitorum superficialis
F E. flexor pollicis longus
Deep muscles of the front of the forearm
F A. flexor carpi radialis brevis
F B. flexor carpi radialis longus
F C. flexor carpi ulnaris
F D. flexor digitorum superficialis
T E. flexor pollicis longus

The supinator muscle

T A. forms part of the floor of the cubital fossa
F B. includes in superficial group of back of forearm
F C. is attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus
F D. is inserted to the olecranon process of the humerus
F E. is supplied by the median nerve

Superficial muscles of the back of the forearm are

F A. abductor pollicis
T B. brachioradialis
F C. extensor indicis
F D. extensor pollicis longus
F E. supinator

Muscles of hand
The muscles of the thenar eminence
F A. are all attached distally to the first metacarpal bone
T B. are all supplied by median nerve
F C. include extensor digiti minimi
F D. include flexor digiti minimi
F E. include flexor pollicis longus

Hypothenar muscles of hand include

T A. abductor digiti minimi
F B. abductor pollicis brevis
F C. adductor digiti minimi
F D. extensor digiti minimi
F E. flexor pollicis brevis

The Lumbrical muscles

F A. are completely innervated by the median nerve
F B. extend the metacarpo-phalangeal joints
T C. has no bony attachment
F D. insert into tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus
F E. originate from tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis

The interossei muscles

F A. are innervated by the radial nerve
T B. flex at the metacarpophalangeal joint
F C. have no bony attachment
F D. insert to bases of distal phalanges of the digit
F E. originate from the tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus

The dorsal interossei are

T A. abductors of the fingers
F B. five in number
F C. inserted into the metacarpals
F D. supplied by radial nerve
F E. unipennate muscles

The following tendons are inserted to the base of proximal phalanx of thumb
F A. abductor pollicis brevis
F B. abductor pollicis longus
F C. flexor pollicis longus
F D. first palmar interosseus
T E. oblique head of adductor pollicis

Nerves of Arm, Forearm and Hands

The axillary nerve
F A. innervates the biceps brachii muscle
F B. is accompanied by the anterior circumflex humeral vessels
F C. is closely related to the anatomical neck of the humerus
F D. supplies skin overlying biceps
T E. supplies the deltoid and teres minor muscles

Regarding injury to axillary nerve:

T A. due to fracture of surgical neck of humerus
F B. failure to abduction up to 180`
F C. loss of skin sensation over lateral lower third of arm
F D. paralysis of deltoid and teres major
F E. paralysis of triceps and teres minor

Muscles which are supplied by musculocutaneous nerve

F A. bracioradialis
T B. coracobrachialis
F C. deltoid
F D. teres major
F E. triceps brachii

A baseball pitcher delivers a 97-mph fastball to a batter and suddenly feels a sharp pain in his
shoulder on release of the ball. The trainer examines the shoulder and concludes that the
pitcher has a rotator cuff injury. Which muscle is most vulnerable and most likely torn by this
type of injury?
F A. infra-spinatous
T B. supra-spinatous
F C. subscapularis
F D. teres major
F E. teres minor

Arteries supplying upper limbs muscles

The brachial artery

F A. becomes the profunda brachii artery
F B. begins at the lower border of pectoralis major
F C. ends at the level of radial tuberosity
F D. has the median nerve lateral to it at the elbow
T E. is a direct continuation of the axillary artery

The ulnar artery

T A. begins in the cubital fossa opposite the neck of the radius
F B. lies medial to the nerve on the lateral side of the pisiform bone
F C. lies medial to the ulnar nerve
F D. passes deep to the flexor retinaculum on the lateral side of the pisiform bone
F E. runs under cover of the flexor carpi radialis

The radial artery

F A. lies lateral to the radial nerve in the forearm
F B. lies on the posterior surface of the lower end of the radius
F C. pulsation can be felt medial to the flexor carpi radialis longus at lower end of radius
T D. terminates in the deep palmar arch
F E. terminates in the superficial palmar arch

The superficial palmar arterial arch of the hand

T A. is completed by branch of radial artery to join ulnar artery
F B. is deep to the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle
F C. is located in the thenar compartment
F D. is mainly formed by the radial artery
F E. is proximal to the deep palmar arterial arch

In the hand
F A. deep palmar arch is formed mainly by the ulnar artery
F B. four dorsal interossei muscles are supplied by the radial nerve
F C. second palmar interosseous muscle is attached to the third metacarpal bone
T D. superficial and deep palmar arches supply the digits and metacarpal bones
F E. superficial palmar arch is deep to the branches of the median nerve

Concerning with arteries of the upper limb

T A. axillary artery is divided by pectoralis minor into three parts
F B. brachial artery begins at the lower border of pectoralis major
F C. radial artery terminates in superficial arch
F D. superficial palmar arterial arch of the hand is proximal to the deep palmar arterial
arch
F E. ulnar artery begins in the cubital fossa opposite the neck of the ulnar

In the veins of the upper limb,

T A. basalic vein commences at the medial side of the dorsal venous arch
F B. basalic vein pierces the clavipectoral fascia
F C. cephalic vein drains into proximally and continuous with axillary vein
F D. cephalic vein is devoid of valves
F E. median cubital vein lies deep to the bicipital aponeurosis

The axillary vein

T A. changes to the subclavian vein as it crosses the first rib
F B. is devoid of valves
F C. is directly continuous with the cephalic vein
F D. is lateral to axillary artery
F E. lies anterior to pectoralis minor

The cephalic vein

F A. continues into the axilla as the axillary vein
F B. continues into the axilla as the subclavian vein
F C. lies first on the medial side of the front of the elbow
T D. passes in the delto-pectoral groove
F E. passes in the groove between the clavicle and pectoral muscle

The basalic vein

F A. becomes axillary vein at the upper border of teres major
T B. begins on the medial side of the back of the wrist
F C. ends after piercing the clavipectoral fascia
F D. ends by joining the subclavian vein
F E. pierces the deep fascia at the elbow region

A 52-years-old man undergoes rotator cuff surgery to repair the supraspinatus muscle. During
the procedure, the suprascapular artery is identified. Which other vessels contribute to
scapular collateral circulation?
F A. anterior and posterior circumflex humeral vessels
F B. circumflex scapular and posterior circumflex humeral vessels
T C. dorsal scapular and circumflex scapular vessels
F D. lateral thoracic and circumflex scapular vessels
F E. thoracodorsal and dorsal scapular vessels

Cubital Fossa

At the cubital fossa

F A. brachial artery is lateral to the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle
T B. median cubital vein is commonly used for intravenous injection
F C. median nerve lies lateral to the brachial artery
F D. pulsation of radial artery can be felt
F E. ulnar nerve is on the medial side

Boundaries of cubital fossa

F A. base ; biccipital aponeurosis
T B. floor ; brachialis
F C. lateral ; pronator teres
F D. medial ; brachioradialis
F E. roof ; supinator

Groups of muscles, their nerves supply and spaces of hand, Anatomical snuff box
A 23-year-old man accidentally punctured the ventral side of the fifth digit at the base of the
distal phalanx while sharpening his knife. The wound became infected within a few days, the
infection has spread into the palm within the sheath of the flexor digitorum profundus tendons.
If the infection were left untreated, into which of the following spaces could it most likely
spread?
F A. central compartment
F B. hypothenar compartment
T C. mid-palmar space
F D. thenar compartment
F E. thenar space

Regarding the anatomical spaces of the hand

F A. hypothenar space lies lateral to the 5th metacarpal bone
F B. midpalmar space lies superficial to the palmar aponeurosis
F C. pulp spaces lie on the dorsal aspect of the fingers and thumb
T D. thenar space lies lateral to the 3rd metacarpal bone
F E. web spaces lie between adjacent metacarpal bones

Concerning the anatomical snuff box

F A. basilic vein forms its roof
F B. hamate and capitate bones form its floor
F C. it is bounded laterally by flexor pollicis brevis
F D. it is bounded medially by extensor pollicis brevis
T E. pulsation of the radial artery may be palpated in the box

Median Nerve, Radial Nerve, Ulnar Nerve

Median nerve
The median nerve
F A. arises directly from the trunks of the brachial plexus
F B. crosses the axillary artery from lateral to medial side
F C. lies medial to the axillary artery in the axilla
T D. supplies the palmar surface of the lateral 3 ½ digits
F E. supplies the short muscles of the little finger

If the median nerve is cut at the level of the elbow,

F A. there is a loss of adduction of the thumb
F B. there is a loss of extension at the wrist
F C. there is a loss of sensation in the hand
F D. there is a loss of sensation in the tips of all the fingers
T E. there is usually a loss of opposition of the thumb

A 42- years old woman develops atrophy of the thenar eminence, but the sensation over it is
intact; the damage is most likely to be to the
F A. axillary nerve
T B. median nerve
F C. musculocutaneous nerve
F D. radial nerve
F E. ulnar nerve

Radial nerve
The radial nerve
F A. arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
T B. injury at the mid-arm region causes wrist drop
F C. innervates the abductors of the thumb
F D. lies between the brachialis and coracobrachilis muscle
F E. supplies biceps muscle

A 62-year-old man visits the outpatient clinic with pain in his hand after falling on the
outstretched hand. Radiographic examination reveals a fracture of the pisiform bone and
hematoma of the surrounding area. Which of the following nerves will most likely be affected?
T A. deep ulnar
F B. median
F C. musculocutaneous
F D. radial
F E. ulnar

A fracture of the medial epicondyle of the humerus result in

T A. inability to adduct the thumb
F B. inability to extend the wrist joint
F C. inability to flex the elbow joint
F D. paraesthesia of the thenar portion of the hand
F E. total paralysis of the 4th and 5th digits

A 22-year-old man accidentally smashes his hand through a window. He is cut across the entire
length of the distal transverse crease on the anterior surface of the wrist. The cut is down to the
surface of the flexor retinaculum but not into it. During physical examination the following
neurological deficits would be found?
F A. ability to adduct the thumb
F B. inability to abduct the thumb
T C. loss of sensation on medial one third of the palm
F D. weakened flexion of thumb
F E. weakened opposition of the thumb

A 15-year-old boy received a shotgun wound to the ventral surface of the upper limb. Three
months after the injury the patient exhibits a complete claw hand but can extend his wrist.
What is the nature of this patient’s injury?
T A. median and ulnar nerves are damaged at the wrist
F B. median and ulnar nerves have been injured at the elbow region
F C. median nerve has been injured in the carpal tunnel
F D. median, ulnar, and radial nerves have been injured at mid-humerus
F E. ulnar nerve has been severed at the wrist

Ulnar nerve
The ulnar nerve
F A. arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
F B. enters the hand by passing through the carpal tunnel
F C. is lateral to the ulnar artery in the forearm
F D. is posterior to lateral epicondyle of humerus
T E. supplies the skin of both surfaces of medial one and a half finger

The following changes will be noted as a result of an injury to the ulnar nerve at the wrist
F A. a true claw hand
T B. inability to flex fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joints
F C. loss of flexion of the distal interphalangeal joints of the fourth and fifth digits
F D. marked wasting in the thenar eminence
F E. wrist drop

Inability to hold a piece of paper between the 2nd & 3rd digits would result from damage to
the
F A. anterior interosseous nerve
F B. median nerve
F C. musculocutaneous nerve
F D. superficial radial nerve
T E. ulnar nerve

Joints of upper limb

A medical student came to the outpatient department of MGH for the swelling at the tip of the
elbow. Pain was present over the elbow joint including the arm. On examination, he was febrile
and signs of inflammation were present around the elbow joint. The student was suffering from
one of the following conditions.
F A. bicipito-radial bursitis
F B. interosseous bursitis
F C. radio-ulnar bursitis
F D. sub-tendinous olecranon bursitis
T E. superficial olecranon bursitis

Supination of the forearm

F A. is less powerful than pronation
F B. is produced by supinator and triceps brachii muscles
F C. is the position of forearm and hand when the palm faces backwards
F D. takes place at the elbow joint
T E. takes place at the superior and inferior radioulnar joints

A young boy fell from his bike and dislocated the proximal radioulnar joint and stretched the
annular ligament. Which movement will be very painful in this injury?
F A. elbow extension
F B. elbow flexion
F C. shoulder abduction
T D. supination
F E. wrist joint adduction

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is a

F A. ball and socket joint
F B. condyloid joint
F C. hinge joint
F D. plane joint
T E. saddle joint

In the resting position of inactive hand,

F A. the fingers are flexed, the index most so and the fifth least
F B. the palm of the hand is hollowed out and the finger is extended
T C. the thumb is opposed slightly
F D. the thumb is slightly flexed
F E. the wrist is plantar flexed a little

The following structures can be felt at the wrist

F A. flexor digitorum profundus
F B. pronator quadratus
T C. styloid process of the radius
F D. trapezoid
F E. ulnar artery

Radio-ulnar joint
F A. has anterior and posterior joints
T B. is formed by articulation of radius and ulna which is connected by interosseous membrane
F C. is uniaxial synovial type of hinge variety
F D. produces movement of dorsiflexion and pronation
F E. produces movements of flexion and extension

Which of these sentences best describes the elbow joint?

F A. The annular ligament is attached to the ulna, but not to the radius
F B. The capitulum articulates with the head of the ulna
T C. The capsule of the joint attaches to the radius
F D. The cubitus valgus is wider in men than in women
F E. The radial nerve is a posterior relation

Innervation of the rotator cuff muscle that medially rotates the arm is provided by
F A. axillary nerve
F B. radial nerve
F C. suprascapular nerve
F D. thoracodorsal nerve
T E. upper and lower subscapular nerves

The rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder joint

F A. are all attached to the greater tuberosity of the humerus
F B. are all supplied by branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
F C. comprise subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and teres major
F D. include subscapularis posteriorly
T E. provide the greatest stabilizing forces at the shoulder joint

Shoulder joint
Regarding the shoulder joint;
F A. abduction is initiated by trapezius and completed by deltoid
T B. it is stabilized by rotator cuff muscle
F C. its capsule is lax in anterior part
F D. posterior dislocation is common
F E. there are five muscles arising from the scapula which are inserted into the humerus

The shoulder joint

F A. depends its stability mainly on the capsular and accessory ligaments
F B. has the tendon of the short head of bicep within the synovial cavity
F C. is a type of cartilaginous joint, of ball and socket variety
T D. is closely related inferiorly to the axillary nerve
F E. usually communicates superiorly with the subacromial bursa

Wrist joint
The wrist joint
F A. abduction has greater degree than adduction
F B. cavity communicates with proximal radio-ulnar joint if the articular disc is perforated
F C. comprises the lower articular surfaces of the radius and ulna and the proximal row of carpal
bones
F D. is a hinge joint
T E. is flexed by flexor carpi ulnaris and radialis muscles

Blood supply of the wrist joint is from

T A. anterior and posterior carpal branches of radial artery
F B. inferior and superior carpal branches of radial artery
F C. inferior and superior carpal branches of ulnar artery
F D. palmar and dorsal metacarpals and recurrent branch from superficial palmar arch
F E. posterior interosseous artery

Triangular And Quandrangular Spaces

The upper triangular space in the scapular region
F A. is bounded inferiorly by teres minor
F B. is bounded laterally by the medial head of triceps
F C. is bounded superiorly by the teres major
T D. transmits the circumflex scapular vessels
F E. transmits the posterior circumflex humeral artery

The quadrangular space in the scapular region

F A. is bounded inferiorly by the teres minor
T B. is bounded medially by the long head of triceps
F C. is bounded superiorly by long head of triceps
F D. transmits the circumflex scapular vessels
F E. transmits the subscapular nerve

Elbow Joint

The medial collateral ligament of the elbow joint is closely related to the
F A. basilic vein
F B. brachial artery
F C. radial nerve
F D. superior radial collateral
T E. ulnar nerve

Nerve supply of the elbow joint is by

F A. axillary nerve
F B. long thoracic nerve
F C. medial cutaneous nerve of arm
F D. medial cutaneous nerve of forearm
T E. radial nerve

Radioulnar Joint

The proximal radioulnar joint

F A. lies within the different synovial cavity with elbow joint
F B. is separated from the elbow joint by a fibrocartilaginous disc
F C. is of the condyloid variety
T D. occurs between the head of the radius and the radial notch of the ulna
F E. owes its stability mainly on the biceps tendon

The radio-ulnar joint

F A. is connected by annular ligament between the radius and ulna
T B. is formed by head of ulnar and ulnar notch of radius
F C. is supplied by medial and lateral interosseous arteries
F D. is uniaxial synovial type of hinge variety
F E. produces movements of flexion and extension

Axis of supination and pronation:

F A. is a straight line along the supinated forearm
F B. is midpoint between the two epicondyles of humerus down to the midpoint between the
styloid processes of radius and ulna
F C. is the line joining olecranon process and styloid process of the ulna
F D. joins the centre of head of radius and the base of the articular disc
T E. joins the centre of head of radius and the styloid processes of ulnar

Scalp & Face

The scalp
F A. consists of loose connective tissue and emissary veins in 2nd layer
F B. drains directly to the subcutaneous lymph nodes at the scalp
T C. is attached by the occipitalis muscle to the skull
F D. receives part of its blood supply from the retinal artery
F E. receives sensory innervation from the dorsal rami of the 6th cervical nerve

Concerning with scalp,

T A. black eye is due to accumulation of extravasted blood in the subcutaneous tissue around orbit
F B. posterior auricular vein drains into the mastoid emissary vein
F C. rupture of multiple minute frontal arteries may give rise to cephal haematoma
F D. second layer is the dangerous layer of scalp
F E. temple is supplied by occipital nerve

The sensory nerves supplying the front of the scalp include

F A. auriculo-temporal nerve
F B. great auricular nerve
F C. greater occipital nerve
F D. posterior auricular nerve
T E. supratrochlear nerve

Nerve of the scalp;

F A. forehead and front of scalp is supplied by greater auricular nerve
F B. greater auricular nerve supplies the occipital region
T C. lesser occipital nerve (C2, C3) supplies the skin behind the ear
F D. skin behind the ear is supplied by auriculotemporal nerve
F E. the temple is supplied by auriculotemporal (V3) and lesser occipital nerve
The facial muscles
F A. are derived from the mesenchyme of the 3rd pharyngeal arch
F B. are embedded in deep fascia of face
F C. are supplied by trigeminal nerve
F D. have no bony attachment
T E. insert into orifices of face

Regarding the development of facial muscles

F A. muscles of mastication develop from the 4th pharyngeal arch
F B. muscles of facial expression develop from the first pharyngeal arch
F C. musculature of palate develops from the first pharyngeal pouch
F D. stapedius develops from the 1st pharyngeal cleft
T E. stylopharyngeus muscle develops from the third pharyngeal arch

Which muscles is most likely to develop from the 2nd pharyngeal arch?
F A. anterior belly of digastric
T B. buccinator
F C. mylohyoid
F D. superior constrictor muscle of pharynx
F E. tensor tympani

Which muscles is directly involved in smiling?

F A. levator anguli oris
F B. levator labi superioris
F C. orbicularis oris
F D. risorius
T E. zygomaticus major

Cervical Fascia
The superficial layer of cervical fascia splits into two sheets to enclose the following
F A. geniohyoid
T B. sternocleidomastoid
F C. sternohyoid
F D. sternothyroid
F E. stylopharyngeus

The general investing fascia

F A. binds down the intermediate tendon of sternothyroid muscle
F B. forms floor of both posterior and anterior triangles
F C. is attached superiorly to the base of the skull
F D. splits to enclose levator scapulae
T E. splits to enclose trapezius

The pretracheal fascia

F A. blends with the connective tissue between the pleura and sternum
T B. encloses the thyroid gland, trachea and oesophagus
F C. is attached superiorly to the base of the skull
F D. is attached superiorly to the oblique line of thyroid cartilage and arch of hyoid cartilage
F E. lies superficial to the investing fascia

The carotid sheath is a tubular investment for

F A. accessory nerve
F B. external carotid artery
F C. external jugular vein
F D. glossopharyngeal nerve
T E. internal jugular vein

The carotid sheath

F A. contains the facial nerve
F B. encloses the external carotid artery
F C. fuses with the pericardium inferiorly
T D. is attached superiorly to the base of the skull
F E. lies deep to the prevertebral fascia

Temporomandibular joint

The temporomandibular joint

F A. can dislocate posteriorly due to excessive yawing and laughing
F B. has an oval shape elastic cartilage
T C. is a synovial joint with condyloid variety
F D. is least stable with teeth in occlusion
F E. is related anteriorly to auriculotemporal nerve

The temporomandibular joint is

T A. a combination of plane joint and hinge joint
F B. innervated by branches of maxillary nerve
F C. joint capsule receives insertion of medial pterygoid muscle
F D. protracted by contraction of temporalis muscle
F E. retracted by contraction of lateral pterygoid muscle
The temporomandibular joint
T A. has accessory ligaments such as sphenomandibular & stylomandibular ligament
F B. has oval shaped articular disc made up of hyaline cartilage
F C. has the tendon of medial pterygoid muscle attached to fibrocartilagenous disc
F D. infection may spread to the eye
F E. most commonly dislocate posteriorly

Which muscle partially inserts on the articular disc of temporomandibular joint?

F A. buccinator
T B. lateral pterygoid
F C. medial pterygoid
F D. masseter
F E. temporalis

Muscles of mastication
In the movement of mandible,
T A. lateral pterygoid draws the mandible to opposite side
F B. masseter draws the mandible to opposite side
F C. medial pterygoid draws the mandible to same side
F D. orbicularis oris draws the mandible to same side
F E. temporalis draws the mandible to opposite side

Muscles of mastication
F A. develop from 2nd pharyngeal arch
F B. are supplied by branches of the mandibular artery
F C. include numerous groups of muscles
T D. are innervated by mandibular division of trigeminal nerve
F E. include medial pterygoid muscle which is main elevator of mandible

Regarding the muscles of mastication

F A. lateral pterygoid takes origin from medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
F B. masseter inserts to anterior border of ramus of mandible
T C. medial pterygoid takes origin from medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate
F D. temporalis muscle inserts to lateral surface of ramus of mandible
F E. temporalis muscle takes origin from inferior border of zygomatic arch

Which muscle involves in closing of the jaw?

F A. digastric
F B. geniohyoid
F C. lateral pterygoid
F D. mylohyoid
T E. temporalis

Opening of the jaw is produced by

F A. buccinator muscle
T B. lateral pterygoid muscle
F C. masseter muscle
F D. medial pterygoid muscle
F E. temporalis muscle

Triangles Of The Neck

Boundaries of the carotid triangle are

F A. anteriorly by sternohyoid
F B. floor by sternocleidomastoid
F C. inferiorly by superior belly of the omohyoid
T D. posteriorly by anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
F E. superiorly by anterior belly of digastric

Submandibular triangle
F A. is bounded anteriorly by superior belly of omohyoid muscle
T B. is bounded posteriorly by posterior belly of digastric muscle
F C. is bounded superiorly by posterior belly of digastric muscle
F D. is formed by general investing fascia in its floor
F E. is formed by mylohyoid muscle in the roof

Following a penetrated injury in the submandibular triangle, the tongue of a 45 year old
patient deviates to the left on protrusion. Which of the following nerves is injured?
F A. left glossopharyngeal nerve
T B. left hypoglossal nerve
F C. left lingual nerve
F D. right hypoglossal nerve
F E. right lingual nerve

In the neck
F A. C3 is level with the upper border of the thyroid cartilage
T B. damage to the accessory nerve causes drooped shoulder by paralyzing trapezius
F C. greater auricular nerve ascends deep to sternomastoid
F D. sternomastoid muscle is the principal rotator of the atlanto-occipital joint
F E. torticollis (wry neck) result from unilateral spasm of the trapezius muscle

The sternocleidomastoid muscle

F A. divides the neck into medial and lateral triangles
F B. inserted into the mastoid process of occipital bone
F C. receives innervation from vagus nerve
F D. the head is extended when both right and left muscles contract simultaneously
T E. torticollis (wry neck) result from unilateral spasm of the muscle

Torticollis or wryneck
T A. congenital torticollis may occur due to birth injury
F B. is a deformity in which the head is bent to one side and the chin points to the same side
F C. is a result of contracture of the sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles
F D. is a result of spasm of the muscles supplied by cervical spinal nerve
F E. may result in irritation of the glossopharyngeal nerve due to suppurating cervical lymph nodes

Carotid triangle is bounded by

F A. anteriorly : anterior border of sternocleidomastoid
F B. floor : sternocleidomastoid
T C. floor : thyrohyoid, hyoglossus and inferior and middle constrictors of pharynx
F D. inferiorly : posterior belly of digastric
F E. superiorly : superior belly of the omohyoid

Submandibular triangle
T A. contains facial artery and facial vein
F B. is bounded anteriorly by superior belly of omohyoid muscle
F C. is bounded inferiorly by inferior border of mandible
F D. is bounded superiorly by posterior belly of digastric muscle
F E. is formed by thyrohyoid muscle inferiorly

Submental triangle
F A. contains facial artery and facial vein
F B. is bounded inferiorly by two anterior bellies of digastric muscle
F C. is bounded laterally by superior belly of the omohyoid
T D. is formed by mylohyoid muscle in its floor
F E. is two in numbers and lies below the chin

Following a penetrated injury in the submandibular triangle, the tongue of a 45 years old
patient deviates to the left on protrusion. Which of the following nerves is injured?
F A. left glossopharyngeal nerve
T B. left hypoglossal nerve
F C. left lingual nerve
F D. right hypoglossal nerve
F E. right lingual nerve

The sternocleidomastoid muscle

F A. extends the head when both sides of muscles contract simultaneously
T B. has a muscular origin from the clavicle
F C. is inserted into clavicle
F D. is the principal rotator of the atlanto-occipital joint
F E. receives its motor supply from vagal nerve

Posterior triangle of the neck are bounded by

F A. anteriorly : anterior border of sternomastoid muscle
F B. floor : general investing layer of fascia and platysma
F C. inferiorly : 1st rib
F D. posteriorly : latissimus dorsi
T E. roof : general investing layer of fascia and platysma

The content of the posterior triangle is

F A. second part of subclavian vessels
F B. suprascapular nerve
T C. the hypoglossal nerve
F D. the trunk of brachial plexus
F E. vertebral artery

Boundaries of the sub-occipital triangle:

F A. floor - splenius capitis, semispinalis capitis & longissimus capitis
F B. infero-lateral - rectus capitus posterior major
F C. roof - posterior arch of atlas and atlanto-occipital membrane
T D. supero lateral - oblique capitis superior
F E. supero-medial - oblique capitis inferior

Regarding the suboccipital triangle;

F A. cistern puncture is done by penetrating anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
F B. it can be seen in anatomical position
F C. it contains anterior ramus of first cervical nerve
F D. it contains vertebral artery, second cervical nerve and suboccipital venous plexus
T E. prolonged turning of the head cause dizziness due to winding course of vertebral artery

Deep fascia of lower limb

The deep fascia of the thigh

F A. contains the saphenous opening which lies 3 cm below & medial to the pubic tubercle
T B. is attached to the inguinal ligament
F C. is pierced by femoral nerve
F D. is superficial to the great saphenous vein
F E. receives the insertion of the whole of the gluteus maximus

The thigh has

T A. adductor muscles which are supplied by obturator nerve
F B. anterior compartment or extensor muscles which are supplied by sciatic nerve
F C. four osteofascial compartments
F D. posterior compartment or flexor group is supplied by femoral nerve
F E. posterior compartment or flexor group is supplied by obturator nerve

The iliotibial tract is the conjoint aponeurosis of

F B. gluteus maximus and medius
F C. gluteus maximus and minimus
T D. gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata
F E. gluteus medius and minimus
F A. gluteus minimus and iliopsoas

The iliotibial tract

F A. inserts into the head of the fibula
T B. is a thickening of fascia lata on the lateral aspect of thigh
F C. is the continuation of camper’s fascia
F D. originates from the greater trochanter
F E. receives the insertion of whole of the fibres of gluteus maximus

Anterior compartment of thigh muscles

The anterior group of thigh muscles

F A. contains a major abductor of the hip joint
F B. extends the thigh at hip joint
F C. flexes the knee joint
F D. is passive during “stair climbing” motions of lower limb
T E. receives motor innervations from the femoral nerve

The quadriceps femoris

T A. extends the leg at the knee through the patellar ligament
F B. is composed of Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius and Gracilis
F C. is divided into 4 parts and supplied by femoral and obturator nerves
F D. is great extensor muscle of hip joint as well as the biggest muscle in the body
F E. is inserted to the tibia and then continues as the tibial ligament
The ligamentum patellae is a continuation of the tendon of
F A. gluteus maximus muscle
F B. gluteus minimus muscle
F C. gracilis muscle
T D. quadriceps femoris muscle
F E. sartorius muscle

The rectus femoris muscle

F A. flexs the leg at the knee joint
F B. forms the medial boundary of the femoral triangle
F C. gains attachment from the lateral lip of linea aspera
F D. is partly supplied by obturator nerve
T E. originates from the AIIS

The patellar reflex appears to be markedly reduced in a 33-year-old diabetic female patient,
due to deficient vascular supply of the nerves of her lower limb. The tendon of the following
muscles is stretched during the patellar reflex.
F A. biceps femoris
F B. gracillis
F C. quadratus femoris
T D. quadriceps femoris
F E. sartorius

The sartorius muscle

F A. forms the medial boundary of the femoral triangle
F B. flexes, abduct and medially rotates the thigh
F C. is attached to AIIS
T D. is supplied by femoral nerve
F E. is supplied by obturator nerve

Medial compartment of thigh muscles

The muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

F A. are supplied by branches of the femoral & obturator nerves
T B. are supplied by the profunda femoris & the obturator arteries
F C. include adductor brevis which lies superficial to adductor longus
F D. include adductor longus which arises from inferior ramus of the pubis
F E. include adductor magnus which has flexor & hamstrings components

The adductor magnus muscle

F A. assists in lateral rotation of thigh
F B. is attached to the ASIS
F C. is attached to the lesser tronchanter
T D. is supplied by sciatic and obturator nerve
F E. originates from body of pubic and pubic crest

Adductor longus muscle

F A. extends the hip and flexs the knee joint
F B. is originated from ischial tuberosity
T C. is inserted to the middle third of the linea aspera
F D. is supplied by femoral nerve
F E. is supplied by sciatic nerve

The opening in the adductor magnus muscle transmits

F A. femoral nerve
T B. femoral vessels
F C. saphenous nerve
F D. sciatic nerve
F E. tibial nerve

The adductor group muscle (s) which functionally and by innervation belong with the
hamstring group is the;
F A. adductor brevis
F B. adductor longus
T C. adductor magnus
F D. gracilis
F E. obturator externus

Posterior compartment of thigh muscles

Hamstring muscles
T A. are innervated by the sciatic nerve
F B. contain quadricep femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus
F C. flex the hip and knee joint
F D. insert into linea aspera
F E. originate from the ischial spine

Which statement best describes the posterior compartment of the thigh?

F A. adductor magnus is a muscle of the posterior compartment
F B. all the hamstring muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve
F C. both heads of biceps femoris take origin from the ischial tuberosity
T D. main component is hamstring group
F E. the common origin for the posterior thigh muscles (hamstrings) is the ischial spine
The semimembranosus muscle
F A. forms the upper lateral boundary of the popliteal fossa
F B. is an extensor of leg at the knee
F C. is innervated by the lateral popliteal nerve
T D. is innervated by the tibial part of sciatic nerve
F E. is superficial to the semitendinosus muscle

The biceps femoris muscle

T A. has an origin from the ischial tuberosity
F B. inserts into medial condyle of tibia
F C. is a flexor of the thigh
F D. is a medial rotator of the knee joint
F E. is innervated by the femoral nerve

Muscle that extends the hip as well as flexes the knee is:
F A. adductor part of adductor magnus
T B. hamstring
F C. quadriceps femoris
F D. sartorius
F E. short head of the biceps

Compartments of the leg

Which statement correctly describes the anterior compartment of the leg?
T A. all muscles are innervated by the deep peroneal nerve
F B. it contains extensor digitorum brevis
F C. it is separated from the posterior compartment by the anterior intermuscular septum
F D. the anterior tibial artery arises in the anterior compartment
F E. tibialis anterior assists in eversion of the foot

Anterior tibial compartment syndrome

F A. causes ischemic pain in leg relieved by movement
F B. does not require to operate
T C. cause foot drop
F D. increase blood flow in muscles
F E. is swelling of tricep surae muscles

Muscles of posterior compartment of leg

F A. are supplied by deep peroneal nerve
F B. consist of gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris in deep group
F C. consist of triceps surae and popliteus in superficial group
F D. include extensor of toes
T E. promote the venous return of lower limb during contraction
Gastrocnemius muscle
F A. has three headed, two-joint muscle
F B. inserts to the talus
F C. is the dorsiflexor of the ankle joint
F D. originates from medial condyle of femur
T E. raises the heel during walking

The soleus muscle

F A. is attached superiorly to the superior aspect of the medial femoral condyle
F B. is capable of flexing the knee joint
F C. is supplied by the common peroneal nerve
F D. is the most superficial muscle in the calf
T E foot

Femoral Triangle & Adductor Canal

Femoral triangle
F A. contains femoral vessels and posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
F B. is bounded laterally by the rectus femoris muscle
F C. is bounded medially by the lateral border of adductor longus
F D. is located in the upper 3rd of the back of the thigh
T E. is roofed over by the fascia lata of the thigh

A 49-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department with a cold and pale foot. Physical
examination reveals that the patient suffers from peripheral vascular disease and his popliteal
artery is occluded and no pulse is felt upon palpation. What is the landmark to feel the pulse of
the femoral artery?
F A. adductor canal
T B. femoral triangle
F D. inguinal canal
F C. popliteal fossa
F E. pubic symphysis

Within the femoral sheath

T A. femoral artery lies lateral to the femoral vein
F B. femoral artery lies medial to the femoral canal
F C. femoral canal lies posterior to the pectineus muscle
F D. femoral nerve is medial to the femoral artery
F E. femoral vein is lateral to the femoral nerve

Boundaries of femoral ring

F A. anteriorly - inguinal ligament
T B. anteriorly - lacunar ligament
F C. laterally - femoral vein and lacunar ligament
F D. posteriorly - inguinal ligament
F E. roof - cribriform fascia

The femoral canal

T A. contains some lymph vessels
F B. contains the femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
F C. is anterior to the inguinal ligament
F D. is lateral compartment of the femoral sheath
F E. is lateral to the femoral vein

Femoral artery
F A. gives off perforating branches to supply the hamstring muscles
F B. is a continuation of the internal iliac artery
T C. lies medial to the femoral nerve in the femoral triangle
F D. passes through the femoral canal
F E. terminates at the inferior border of the popliteus muscle

Which statement best describes the common femoral artery?

F A. It becomes the popliteal artery as it leaves the femoral triangle
F B. It commences at the midpoint of the inguinal ligament
F C. It gives the profunda femoris branch within the femoral sheath
T D. It lies between the saphenous nerve and femoral vein at all levels of the thigh
F E. It lies over pectineus as it passes under the inguinal ligament

The femoral vein

T A. bleeds profusely during cutting because there are no competent valves between it and the heart
F B. directly receives the superficial epigastric vein
F C. lies anterior to its artery in the adductor canal
F D. lies lateral to femoral artery in the upper part of the femoral triangle
F E. passes through the separate opening in the adductor magnus from the artery

Adductor canal
F A. contains sural nerve and nerve to vastus medialis
T B. is bounded laterally by vastus medialis
F C. is four inches in length
F D. locates in the lower third of medial side of thigh
F E. locates in the upper third of medial side of thigh

Regarding the adductor canal

T A. it extends from the apex of femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus
F B. it is bordered anteriorly by adductor longus and magnus
F C. it is bounded posteriorly by the sartorius muscle
F D. the femoral artery exits through a hiatus in adductor longus
F E. the saphenous nerve exits the canal laterally

Gluteal Region
Regarding the gluteal region
T A. it comprises 3 gluteal muscles, piriformis, obturator internus & 2 gemelli and quadratus
femoris
F B. it includes gluteus maximus which inserts into the greater trochanter
F C. it includes gluteus maximus which is supplied by superior gluteal nerves
F D. it includes gluteus medius which is supplied by inferior gluteal nerves
F E. the fold of the buttock corresponds to the lower border of gluteus maximus

The safety site for injection in gluteal region is

F A. Lower inner
F B. Lower outer
F C. Upper inner
F D. Upper medial
T E. Upper outer

Which of the following best describes the anatomy of the gluteal muscles?
F A. gluteus maximus inserts only into the greater trochanter
F B. gluteus maximus is supplied by the superior gluteal artery
F C. gluteus medius is a lateral rotator at the hip joint
F D. gluteus minimus is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve
T E. they all take origin from the ilium

Trendelenberg's sign is done to test the

F A. adductor magnus
F B. gluteus maximus
T C. gluteus medius
F D. iliacus
F E. iliopsoas

Structure that enter the buttock from the pelvis above the piriformis is
F A. gluteus medius
F B. nerve to obturator internus
F C. pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels
F D. sciatic nerve
T E. superior gluteal nerve and vessels

The piriformis muscle

T A. emerges from the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen
F B. has the sciatic nerve emerging superior in its upper border
F C. is deep to quadratus femoris muscle
F D. is inferior to the obturator internus muscle in the buttock
F E. lies inferior to superior gemellus

Nerves of Lower Limb

Nerves derived from lumbar plexus include

T A. genitofemoral nerve
F B. inferior gluteal nerve
F C. posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
F D. pudental nerve
F E. superior gluteal nerve

Nerves derived from sacral plexus include

F A. femoral nerve
F B. iliohypogastric nerve
F C. ilioinguinal nerve
F D. lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
T E. pudental nerve

The femoral nerve

F A. arises from the upper sacral nerves
F B. leaves pelvis via femoral ring
F C. lies within the femoral sheath
T D. supplies the main flexor muscle of the hip joint
F E. supplies the obturator externus muscle

The saphenous nerve

F A. accompanies the short saphenous vein
T B. gives branch to the infrapatellar plexus
F C. has root value of L1, 2
F D. is a branch of sciatic nerve
F E. lies superficial to the sartorius

The obturator nerve

F A. anterior division descends between the adductor longus & magnus
T B. arises from ventral rami of 2nd, 3rd and 4th lumbar nerves
F C. injury can cause the “scissors gait”
F D. is a branch of the lumbosacral plexus
F E. supplies the iliopsoas muscle
The sciatic nerve
T A. divides into tibial and common peroneal nerve
F B. emerges from the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen
F C. gives off branches on its lateral side
F D. has a root value of L1, L2 and L3
F E. passes through lesser sciatic foramen to enter the gluteal region

The tibial nerve

F A. gives off sural nerve to the medial side of the leg & foot
F B. has root value of L 3, 4, 5, and S 1, 2, 3
F C. is a lateral branch of sciatic nerve
T D. lesion produces shuffling gait
F E. supplies the peronei muscles

A 62-year-old man is admitted unconscious to the emergency department. Radiographic

examination and the available data indicate the likelihood of a transient ischemic attack.
During physical examination, the ankle jerk reflex is absent. Which of the following nerves is
responsible for the reflex arc?
F A. common fibular (peroneal)
F B. deep fibular (peroneal)
F C. sciatic
F D. superficial fibular (peroneal)
T E. tibial

The common peroneal nerve

F A. innervates the muscles producing inversion of the foot
T B. is subcutaneous as it crosses the neck of fibula
F C. lesion may abolish inversion of the foot
F D. lesion produces anaesthesia of the sole of the foot
F E. supplies the 3 peronei muscles through its superficial peroneal nerve

If there is foot drop, the nerve damaged is

T A. common peroneal
F B. femoral
F C. obturator
F D. saphenous
F E. tibial

The superficial peroneal nerve

T A. is a branch of common peroneal nerve
F B. lesion produces foot drop
F C. supplies peroneus tertius
F D. supplies the skin between 1st and 2nd toe
F E. supplies tibialis anterior

The deep peroneal nerve

F A. carries only motor fibres
F B. lesion may produce scissoring gait
F C. lies in close proximity to the posterior tibial artery throughout its course
T D. supplies all the muscles of the extensor compartment of the leg
F E. supplies all the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

The medial plantar nerve

F A. has cutaneous branches which supply the lateral three and a half toes
F B. passes through the first interosseous space
F C. supplies adductor hallucis
T D. supplies cutaneous branches to medial three and a half toes
F E. supplies motor branches to the interossei

The lateral plantar nerve

F A. enters the sole superficial to the abductor hallucis muscle
F B. innervates the abductor hallucis
T C. innervates the adductor hallucis
F D. innervates the flexor hallucis brevis
F E. supplies the lateral 3 ½ toes with cutaneous branch

Regarding nerves of the lower limb;

F A. deep peroneal nerve lesion gives sensory loss over the medial aspect of the foot
T B. femoral nerve lesion gives sensory loss over the medial aspect of the thigh and leg
F C. obturator nerve lesion gives sensory loss in anterior aspect of the thigh
F D. sural nerve lesion produces motor loss in triceps surae
F E. tibial nerve lesion produces loss of dorsiflexion and eversion of foot

Hip Joint

The hip joint

F A. depends on muscular factors for its stability in the adult
T B. is a synovial ball and socket joint
F C. psoas major is a extensor of the hip
F D. quadratus femoris is a medial rotator of the hip joint
F E. the iliofemoral ligament prevents over abduction of the joint

Regarding the hip joint

F A. anterior dislocation is more common in automobile accident
T B. congenital dislocation is more common in female
T C. femoral neck fractures within the joint usually deprive the femoral neck of its main blood
supply
F D. obturator nerve may be injured in posterior dislocation of the hip joint
F E. sciatic nerve can be injured in anterior dislocation of the hip joint

Regarding the movements of hip joint

T A. Abduction - mainly by gluteus medius and minimus muscles
F B. Extension - mainly by pectineus, adductors and gracilis muscles
F C. Flexion - mainly by iliacus, psoas major and gluteus maximus muscle
F E. Lateral rotation - produced by gluteus medius and minimus muscles
F F. Medial rotation – by gluteus minimus and maximus muscle

Iliofemoral ligament
F A. covers posterior aspect of hip joint.
F B. is a strong Y- shaped ligament of the hip joint
F C. is attached proximally to the ASIS and acetabular rim
T D. is the largest and most important ligament of the hip joint
F E. prevents the overabduction of the thigh at hip

Regarding the arterial anastomosis around the hip joint;

F A. avascular necrosis is common in fractures of the femoral head
F B. the artery to the neck of the femur enters with the ligamentum teres
F C. the artery to the neck of the femur is a branch of the femoral artery
T D. the circumflex femoral arteries usually arise from the profunda femoris
F E. the hip joint is supplied by femoral branches

Following a subcapital fracture of the neck of the femur, an 80 year old man sustains avascular
necrosis of the femoral head. This is most likely to be the consequence of interruption to the
blood supply to the head from which of the following sources:
T A. arteries from trochanteric anastomosis in the retinacula
F B. artery of the ligament of the head from the obturator artery
F C. branches from the inferior gluteal artery
F D. branches from the profunda femoris artery
F E. branches from the pudendal artery

Knee Joint
The knee joint
F A. bursae around the knee joint communicate with the cavity of hip joint
F B. has articular fibrocartilage covering the bony surface of the femoral and tibial condyles
T C. is a condylar joint
F D. is locked at flexion of the hip joint
F E. the lateral meniscus (cartilage) is attached to the capsule
The knee joint
F A. active rotation of the leg on the thigh is possible when the leg is extended to ninety degrees
T B. has medial & lateral patellar retinaculae which are attached to the sides of the patella & are
expansions from vasti medialis & lateralis respectively
F C. includes the tendon of popliteus which perforates the capsule posteriorly & attaches to the
medial meniscus
F D. the lateral semilunar cartilage is attached to the capsule
F E. the posterior cruciate ligament is attached to the lateral condyle of femur

The following are intracapsular and extrasynovial structure

F A. Cruciate ligaments of hip joint
F B. Ligament of neck of femur
F C. Ligament of popliteus
T D. Popliteus muscle
F E. Semimembranosus

Bursa around the knee joint

F A. are 14 in number
T B. are suprapatella and popliteus bursa
F C. bursa beneath the lateral head of gastrocnemius communicates with bursa of
semimembranosus
F D. infrapatella bursa when inflammed cause bursitis called house maid knee
F E. only three communicate with the cavity of knee joint

Bursae around the knee joint

F A. are 10 in numbers
F B. bursa beneath the lateral head of gastrocnemius communicates with bursa of
semimembranosus
F C. infrapatella bursa when inflammed cause bursitis called house maid knee
T D. only 4 bursae communicate with the cavity of the knee joint
F E. prepatella bursa when inflammed cause bursitis called 2 clergyman knee

Bursae are found in or around the knee

F A. above the quadriceps
F B. between the ligamentum patellae and the fibula
T C. closely related to the semimembranous muscle
F D. in the subcutaneous tissue behind the patella
F E. prepatella bursa when inflammed cause bursitis called 2 clergyman knee

Regarding menisci of knee joint

F A. have a chief role in flexion
F B. lateral meniscus is adherent to the lateral ligament and more frequently torn
T C. lateral meniscus is free from attachment
F D. lateral meniscus is larger than the medial meniscus
F E. medial meniscus is circular and more mobile

Regarding menisci of the knee joint

F A. have a chief role in flexion
F B. lateral meniscus is larger than medial meniscus
F C. lateral meniscus is more prone to injury because it is attached to fibular collateral
ligament
F D. medial meniscus is circular and less mobile
T E. they deepen the concavity of the tibial condyles

Regarding the menisci of the knee joint

F A. lateral meniscus is adherent to the lateral ligament and more frequently torn
T B. lateral meniscus is free from attachment
F C. lateral meniscus is larger than medial meniscus
F D. medial meniscus is circular and less mobile
F E. they deepen the convexity of the tibial condyles

The medial meniscus of the knee joint

F A. is firmly attached to the tibia
F B. is formed of hyaline cartilage
F C. is not liable to be injured than the lateral meniscus
T D. is semilunar – shaped
F E. medial meniscus is semilunar; anchored to tibial collateral ligament & less frequently torn

The medial meniscus of the knee joint

F A. has anterior and medial horns
T B. is C- shaped
F C. is firmly attached to the tibia
F D. is injured less frequently than the lateral meniscus
F E. is not liable to be injured than the lateral lemniscus

The medial meniscus of the knee joint

T A. has two horns attached to the upper surface of the tibia
F B. is less firmly fixed than the lateral lemniscus
F C. is less injured than the lateral lemniscus
F D. is not liable to be injured than the lateral lemniscus
F E. receives the insertion of the popliteus muscle

The medial meniscus of the knee joint

T A. embraces the ends of the lateral meniscus.
F B. gives attachment posteriorly to the tendon of popliteus.
F C. is attached to the capsule not to the condyles of the tibia.
F D. is drawn backwards during knee extension by the semimembranosus.
F E. is less firmly fixed than the lateral meniscus

Following an injury suffered in a soccer match, a 32-year-old female is examined in a seated

position in the orthopedic clinic. Holding the right tibia with both hands, the clinician can press
the tibia backward under the distal part of her femur. The left tibia cannot be displaced in this
way. Which structure was most likely damaged in the right knee?
F A. Anterior cruciate ligament
F B. Lateral collateral ligament
F C. Medial collateral ligament
F D. Medial meniscus
T E. posterior cruciate ligament

Ankle joint

At the ankle joint

T A. a sprain ankle commonly involves the anterior talofibular ligament
F B. deltoid ligament extends from the medial malleolus of the tibia to medial
cuneiform
F C. dorsi-flexion, plantar-flexion, inversion and eversion are the possible movements
F D. dorsiflexed position is the least stable.
F E. its blood supply is via the anterior & inferior tibial arteries and peroneal artery

At the ankle joint

F A. a sprained ankle occurs when the foot is severely everted
F B. dorsi-flexion, plantar-flexion, inversion and eversion are the possible movements
F C. dorsiflexed position is the least stable
T D. lateral ligaments are weak
F E. range of dorsi-flexion is greater than plantar flexion
The ankle joint
F A. a sprain ankle commonly involves the posterior talofibular ligament
F B. has a medial (deltoid) ligament attached anteriorly to the spring ligament
T C. is a synovial joint between the tibia and fibula superiorly and the trochlear surface of the
talus inferiorly
F D. medial or deltoid ligament is weak
F E. range of plantar-flexion is less than that of dorsiflexion

The ankle joint

F A. dorsiflexed position is the least stable
F B. has a lateral ligament attached inferiorly to the body of the calcaneus
F C. has a medial (deltoid) ligament attached superiorly to the neck of the talus
F D. is more stable in plantar flexion
T E. movement is almost restricted to dorsi flexion and plantar flexion

Regarding the ankle joint

F A. flexion and extension are the possible movements.
F B. has a joint capsule that is reinforced laterally by the deltoid ligament
F C. it is a synovial joint between the lower ends of the tibia and fibula and the articular
surfaces of the talus and navicular bone
F D. the blood supply is via the anterior and posterior tibial arteries and superior gluteal
arteries
T E. there are 3 ligaments connecting the lateral malleolus of the fibula to the talus and
calcaneum

The ankle joint

F A. has a joint capsule that is reinforced laterally by the deltoid ligament
F B. has 2 planes of motion dorsiflexion/plantar flexion and inversion/eversion
F C. has the greatest range of motion of all joints of the lower limb
T D. is an articulation between the talus and the two leg bones
F E. is most stable when the foot is plantar flexed

Factors that contribute to the stability of the ankle joint include the
F A. calcaneonavicular ligament
T B. deltoid ligament
F C. medial ligament /calcaneofibular ligament
F D. paroneal retinaculum
F E. triangular shape of the trochlea of talus

Regarding inversion and eversion

F A. evertors are tibialis anterior and posterior muscles
F B. inversion is accompanied by dorsiflexion of the foot
F C. is performed mainly by tibialis anterior and inferior
F D. the movements are necessary while walking on even surface
T E. the movements take place at the subtalar and midtarsal joints

Inversion of the foot

F A. enables human beings to walk up and downhill
F B. inversion is accompanied by dorsiflexion of the foot
T C. is opposed by the 3 peronei
F D. is performed mainly by tibialis anterior and inferior
F E. is performed mainly by 2 peroneal muscles

An 18-year-old man sustained an inversion injury of the ankle while he was playing football.
An x ray of the ankle shows no fractures. Which of the following ligaments is most likely to be
injured?
T A. Anterior talofibular ligament
F B. Anterior tibiofibular ligament
F C. Calcaneofibular ligament
F D. Deltoid ligament
F E. Posterior talofibular ligament

A 25 years old man is unable to plantarflex his foot. The most likely cause is damage to
F A. Sural nerve
F B. L5 nerve root
F C. Saphenous nerve
F D. Superficial peroneal nerve
T E. Tibial nerve

Popliteal Fossa
Popliteus muscle
F A. forms whole of the floor of popliteal fossa
F B. has intracapsular origin
F C. is attached to the pit below the medial epicondyle of the femur.
T D. is supplied by tibial nerve
F E. locks knee joint

The popliteus muscle

F A. assists in extension at the knee joint
F B. forms roof of popliteal fossa
T C. has a tendon surrounded by synovial membrane within the knee joint
F D. passes superficial to the tibial nerve
F E. rotates the femur laterally on the tibia at the beginning of extension
With respect to the popliteal fossa
T A. at all levels the popliteal vein separates the nerve and the artery
F B. has the popliteal artery placed superficially
F C. is bordered medially by the gracilis muscle
F D. semitendinosus is superficial to semimembranosus as they form the lateral border of the
fossa
F E. tibial nerve leaves the fossa between the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles

Regarding the popliteal fossa:

F A. common peroneal nerve follows the lateral border of biceps femoris
F B. has the common peroneal nerve passing through it medially
F C. is crossed by the anterior femoral cutaneous nerve
T D. tibial nerve leaves the fossa deep to soleus muscles
F E. roof is pierced by long saphenous vein.

Popliteal fossa
F A. has the soleus muscle on its floor
T B. is bordered laterally by the biceps femoris
F C. is bordered medially by the gracilis muscle
F D. is crossed by the anterior femoral cutaneous nerve
F E. the common peroneal nerve exits the fossa deep to the long head of biceps femoris

Popliteal fossa
F A. contains lymph nodes draining the skin of the dorsum of the foot
F B. has a floor formed by the fascia lata
F C. has the popliteal artery placed superficially
T D. is a diamond-shaped region behind the knee
F E. is limited laterally by the semimembranosus and semitendinosus tendons

In the upper part of the popliteal fossa the following are found from medial to lateral:
T A. popliteal artery, popliteal vein, sciatic nerve
F B. popliteal artery, sciatic nerve, popliteal vein
F C. popliteal vein, popliteal artery, sciatic nerve
F D. sciatic nerve, popliteal artery, popliteal vein
F E. sciatic nerve, popliteal vein, popliteal artery
When a surgeon makes a midline incision in the skin of the popliteal fossa for removal of the
foreign body, He observed a vein of moderate size in the superficial tissues. What vein would be
expected at this location?
F A. Great saphenous vein
T B. Lesser (short) saphenous vein
F C. Perforating tributary to the deep femoral vein
F D. Popliteal vein
F E. Superior medial genicular vein

Arches Of Foot
The arches of the foot
T A. are also supported by the ligaments of the foot which include the short and long plantar
ligaments
F B. are supported by the tendon of peroneus longus which is inserted into the base of the 5th
metatarsal and the cuboid bone
F C. include the lateral longitudinal arch which consists of the calcaneus, navicular, cuboid and
the lateral 2 metatarsal
F D. include the medial longitudinal arch which consists of the calcaneus, talus, medial and
intermediate cuneiform and the first 2 metatarsal
F E. undersling consists of tibialis anterior and peroneus longus tendon

Transverse arch of the foot lies at

T A. level of distal row of tarsal bones
F B. level of the distal metatarsal bones
F C. level of the tips of the metatarsal bones
F D. maintained by long and short planter ligament
F E. sustentaculam tali

The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

T A. is attached to the deltoid ligament of the ankle joint
F B. is important in maintaining the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot
F C. is related to the tibialis anterior inferiorly
F D. supports the neck of the talus
F E. support the lateral longitudinal arch

The longitudinal arch is supported by

F A. is strengthened by plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
T B. maintained by long and short planter ligament
F C. peroneus longus muscle at preaxial border
F D. tibialis anterior muscle at postaxial border
F E. tibialis posterior muscle supplies lateral arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
T A. contains calcaneus, cuboid and metatarsal bones of 4th & 5th
F B. contains talus, calcaneus, cuboid, 4th & 5th metatarsal bones
F C. stirrup is peroneus longus tendon
F D. summit is talar joint
F E. undersling is peroneus brevis

Skin and Fascia

Superficial fascia
F A. contains water and fat, and forms retaining bands
F B. forms special retaining band or retinaculum
F C. has numerous proprioceptive endings
F D. provides an effective mechanism to lost body heat
T E. provides protection against mechanical shock

Superficial fascia
T A. contains collagen fibers, elastic fibres and fat
F B. forms fibrous sheath for tendons
F C. it provides excretion function
F D. it store calcium and phosphate ions
F E. of the ear, eyelid and face contains more fat

Deep fascia
T A. forms fibrous membrane that separates one muscle from another
F B. has thermal insulation function
F C. lies superficial to the superficial fascia
F D. provides protective cushion and septum formation
F E. stores fat and water

Functions of fascia
T A. deep fascia provides origin and insertions for muscles
F B. deep fascia provide protection against mechanical shock
F C. deep fascia provides protective cushion and septum formation
F D. superficial fascia contains water and fat, and forms retaining bands
F E. superficial fascia may be used to repair aponeurotic defects

Superficial fascia
F A. contains collagen fibres, elastic fibres and no fat
F B. contains elastic, reticular and more fats
F C. forms fibrous sheath for tendons
F D. has numerous propioceptive endings
T E. provides protection against the mechanical shock
Deep fascia
F A. contains more fats and collagen fibres
F B. has thermal insulation function
F C. provides protective cushion and septum formation
F D. stores fat and water
T E. well defined layer and important role in preventing the spread of infections

Langer’s lines
F A. is as the row of collagen fibers in epidermis
F B. is not significant for cosmetically important area
F C. it will result in gaping scar
T D. knowledge of these lines is useful for surgeons at operations
F E. will result in no scar

Skin
Skin
F A. composed of 6 layers in thick skin epidermis
T B. has stratum lucidum in the thick skin
F C. has stratum lucidum in the thin skin
F D. is composed of 5 histological layers in dermis
F E. is composed of hair follicles and sebaceous glands in thick skin

In the skin
F A. arrectores pilorum muscles are skeletal muscle tissue
F B. merkel cells are antigen- presenting cells
T C. sweat glands open to the surface of the skin via spiral channels in the epidermis
F D. the hypodermis is regarded as part of the skin
F E. the prickle cell layer can be found in the dermis

Skin
F A. composed of five layers in epidermis of thin skin
F B. epidermis is a stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
T C. glaborous skin has no hair follicles
F D. has melanocytes in stratum corneum
F E. stratum lucidum is found in both thin and thick skin

Histology of thin skin consists of

F A. inner reticular layer in epidermis
F B. outer palpillary layer in epidermis
F C. prickle cell layer in dermis
T D. prickle cell layer in epidermis
F E. stratum basale layer in dermis

In comparison to thin skin, thick skin has which of the following characteristics
F A. a lack of sweat glands
F B. a more extensive stratum germinativum
T C. a stratum lucidum
F D. an abundance of hair follicles
F E. an abundance sebaceous glands

The prickles that characterize the keratinocytes in stratum spinosum represent

T A. Desmosomes
F B. Hemidesmosomes
F C. Keratohyaline
F D. Ribosomes
F E. Tight junctions

A cell that migrates into epidermis during embryonic life and may turn into skin cancer is
F A. Fibroblast
F B. Keratinocyte
F C. Langerhan’s
F D. Lymphocyte
T E. Melanocyte

Which of the following are Heat receptors in skin?

F A. Meissner’s corpuscles
F B. Merkel’s discs
F C. Pacinian corpuscles
F D. Peritrechial ending
T E. Ruffini’s endings

Hair follicle Unit

F A. consist of dense connective tissue
T B. consist of hair follicle
F C. consist of Pacinian corpuscle
F D. consist of skeletal muscle
F E. present in thick skin

Which of the following is composed of loose connective tissue?

F A. Dermis
F B. Epidermis
T C. Hypodermis
F D. Muscularis layer
F E. Reticular layer of dermis
Where is thick skin found?
F A. Breast
F B. Face
F C. Lips
F D. Over the knee
T E. Sole of the foot

Which layer of epidermis has cells which have keratohyaline granules?

F A. Stratum basale
F B. Stratum corneum
T C. Stratum granulosum
F D. Startum lucidum
F E. Stratum spinosum

Walking Mechanism
Regarding the walking mechanism
F A. contains flexion and extension movement
F B. contains locking and unlocking phase
T C. during walking, the centre of gravity moves about 5 cm from side to side
F D. during walking, the centre of gravity moves about 5 cm from up and down
F E. walking mechanism may be divided into “swing” and “standing” phases

Regarding the walking mechanism

F A. consists of a cycle of walking is the period from the heel –strike of one foot to the next
heel-strike of the other foot
T B. consists of a cycle of walking is the period from the heel –strike of one foot to the next
heel-strike of the same foot
F C. contain the stance phase when it is off the ground
F D. contain the swing phase occurs when the foot is in contact with the ground
F E. shuffling gait is due to injury to femoral nerve

The line of gravity passes

F A. behind the ankle joint
F B. behind the knee joint
F C. in front of shoulder joint
F D. in front of the hip joint
T E. the junctions of the curves of the vertebral column

In the normal standing position,

F A. centre of gravity lies just anterior to the second lumbar vertebra
F B. fibula alone transmits the weight of the trunk to the foot
T C. line of weight passes slightly in front of the ankle joint
F D. line of weight passes slightly in front of the hip joint
F E. weight of the body tends to planterflex the body over the foot

Development Of Limbs
The limb bud
T A. can be affected by mother taking thalidomide drug during pregnancy
F B. developed at the 7th week of the intrauterine life
F C. has defect in digits such as sympodia
F D. has defect in distal part of limb is called amelia
F E. limb muscles are developed from intermediate mesoderm

The limb bud

F A. has defect in digits such as amelia
F B. limb muscles are developed from paraxial mesoderm
F C. lower limb rotates 90 degree laterally
T D. upper limb rotates 90 degrees laterally during development
F E. upper limb rotates 90 degree medially

In the development of limb

F A. the big toe develops on the postaxial border
T B. the bones of the limb arise from the lateral plate mesoderm
F C. the little toe develops on the preaxial border
F D. the lower limbs flexes at the knee joint and externally rotated
F E. upper limb buds are form 1 – 2 days after development of the lower limb bud

In the development of limbs

T A. bones of the limbs arise from lateral plate somatopleuric mesoderm of the limb buds
F B. its original position remains unchanged.
F C. lower limb appear earlier than the upper limb bud
F D. lower limb buds appear in lower sacral region at 28 days of development
F E. upper limb buds appear in lower cervical region at 28 days of development

In the upper limb during its development includes

F A. first proximal division of limb bud defines the elbow and knee
F B. lateral rotation of almost 180 degrees
F C. second proximal division of limb bud defines the wrist
T D. the bones of the limb are form in precartilagenous model
F E. upper limb has rotated inward for 90º about their longitudinal axis

Digits which are abnormally short are called

F A. amelia
T B. micromelia
F C. polydactyly
F D. sympodia
F E. syndactyly

Hemimelia
F A. all segments of the extremities are present but abnormally short
F B. failure of one or both pairs of appendages of human embryo to develop
F C. hands and feets are attached to the trunk
F D. presence of abnormal cleft between the 2nd and 4th metacarpal bone
T E. proximal part of the limb is well developed while distal half is mal developed

Changes in the position of lower limb during its development includes

F A. lateral rotation of almost 180 degrees
F B. medial rotation of almost 180 degrees
F C. the dorsum of the foot coming to represent the original flexor aspect of the limb
F D. the original dorsal surface coming to lie posteriorly and medially
T E. the original dorsal surface coming to lie ventrally and laterally

Congenital anomalies of limb

F A. hemimelia is duplication defect
T B. hyperphalagism is duplication defect
F C. lobster claw is duplication defect
F D. micromelia is dysplasia defect
F E. polydactyly is reduction defect

Anomalies of the limb includes

T A. Amelia – caused by reduction defect
F B. Hyperphalangism – caused by reduction defect
F C. Polydactyly – caused by reduction defect
F D. Syndactyly – duplication defect
F E. Synpodia – caused by duplication defect
Congenital anomalies of the limbs include;
F A. amelia which is absence of proximal segments of the limb
F B. floating thumb arise from the 1st metacarpal bone
F C. micromelia in which all segments are absent
F D. polydactyly are in which long fingers due to increase number of digits or in length
T E.sirenomelia which is fusion of lower limbs due to inadequate amount of mesodermal
tissue

Talipes equinovarus includes

F A. abduction
F B. dorsiflexion
F C. eversion
T D. plantar flexion
F E. protrusion

Phocomelia
F A. absence of one or both limbs
F B. all segments of the extremities are present but abnormally short
T C. distal part of the limb is well developed while proximal part is mal developed
F D. failure of one or both pairs of appendages of the human embryo to develop
F E. proximal part of the limb is well developed while the distal half is maldeveloped

Dermatones of UL and LL

Regarding dermatomes of the upper limb

F A. skin of lateral side of arm is supplied by C6 dermatome
F B. skin of the little finger is supplied by C7
F C. skin of the medial side of arm is supplied by T4
F D. skin of the middle finger is supplied by C8
T E. skin over the tip of the shoulder and deltoid is supplied by C4

In the nerve supply of the upper limb

F A. skin of the axilla is supplied by T4
F B. skin of the little finger is supplied by C6
F C. skin of thumb is supplied by C8
T D. skin over the lateral side of the arm is supplied by C5 dermatome
F E. skin over the thumb is supplied by C7 dermatome

In the cutaneous nerve supply of the upper limb

F A. anterior axial line is terminated at the level of elbow
F B. axillary skin area is supplied by T1
F C. central dermatome is C 8
T D. dermatome over the skin of thumb is carried by superficial radial nerve
F E. skin of the medial side of arm is supplied by C7

Regarding the cutaneous supply of the arm includes

F A. axillary nerve
T B. intercostobrachial nerve
F C. long thoracic nerve
F D. suprascapular nerve
F E. thoracodorsal nerve

Fibres of the fourth lumbar spinal nerve:

F A. are found in the femoral nerve
F B. are found in the inferior gluteal nerve
F C. are found in the popliteal nerve
T D. supply skin on the medial side of the leg
F E. supply the lateral side of sole of the foot

The second sacral spinal nerve

F A. does not supply any part of the skin of the lower limb
F B. supply any part of the skin of the perineum
T C. supplies muscles in the sole of the foot
F D. supplies the dorsiflexors of the foot
F E. supplies the invertors of the foot

Cutaneous loss as a result of the tibial nerve section would be limited to the:
F A. dorsal surface of heel
F B. lateral side of heel
F C. lateral side of leg
T D. most of heel and sole
F E. sole of the foot only

A patient was stabbed in the inguinal region & sustained a complete section of his femoral
nerve. On examination several weeks after injury, he was found to have
F A. asymmetrical buttocks
F B. inability to dorsiflex the foot
T C. inability to extend the knee
F D. scissoring gait
F E. wasting of the posterior compartment of the thigh

Cutaneous nerve supply of the foot is in part derived from

F A. L-1 and L-2
F B. L-2 and L-3
F C. L-3 and L-4
T D. L-5 and S-1
F E. S2 and S3

The dermatome of the lower limb

F A. L4 supply skin on the antero-lateral part of the leg
F B. L4 supply the lateral side of the leg
F C. L5 supply skin of the big toe
F D. S1 supply skin on the central part of the foot
T E. S2 is a narrow strip up the middle of the calf and hamstrings

Regarding dematomes of lower limb

T A. L1 supplies the skin below the inguinal ligament
F B. L5 supplies the middle toe
F C. S1 supply the perianal region
F D. S2 supplies buttock
F E. S3 supplies the whole scrotum

Development of Vertebral column

In the development of vertebral column

F A. is developed from the intermediate mesoderm
T B. mesenchymal cells between the caudal and cephalic part of the original sclerotomes
formed the intervertebral disc
F C. notochord persists entirely in the region of vertebral column
T D. part of the two successive sclerotomes of both sides are involved
F E. spina bifida with meningoencephalocoele is one of the anomaly of vertebral column

Regarding the development of vertebral column

T A. can has a variation in number as an abnormality
F B. cells of sclerotomes which surround the neural tube develops into the vertebral bodies
on each side
F C. is developed from somites of 44-48 pairs
F D. notochord totally disappears in vertebral column
F E. sclerotome form skeletal muscles of vertebral column

Vertebral column
F A. encephalocoele is one of the congenital anomalies
T B. has cervical ribs developed from the costal element of the 7th cervical vertebra
F C. is developed from the lateral plate mesoderm
F D. is developed from the somites of 42-44 pairs
F E. notochord persists as anulus fibrosus in the region of intervertebral disc
Congenital anomalies of the vertebral column include;
F A. Anencephalus
F B. Meningoencephalocoele
F C. Meningohydroencephalocoele
F D. Sacrococcygeal teratoma
T E. Scoliosis

Development of Spinal cord

In the development of spinal cord

F A. alar lamina will form the ventral horn of gray matter
F B. autonomic neurons develop around the spinal cord
F C. basal lamina will form the dorsal horn of gray matter
F D. neuroblasts in the region of alar lamina will form the motor neurons
T E. neuroblasts in the region of basal lamina will form the motor neurons

Regarding the development of spinal cord

F A. develop at the beginning of 4th week of IUL
T B. ependymal layer lines the cavity of spinal cord
F C. mantle layer forms the white matter of spinal cord
F D. marginal layer forms the grey matter of spinal cord
F E. terminates at the level of LV 5 in the 3rd month of development

The development of spinal cord

F A. alar(dorsal) lamina lies ventral to sulcus limitans
F B. developed from the endoderm
F C. ends at the lower border of LV1 at birth
T D. outer marginal layer contains mainly nerve fibres
F E. roof plate and floor plate contains neuroblasts which form the sensory and motor
neurons of spinal cord respectively

Regarding the congenital anomalies of nervous system

F A. anencephaly is due to failure of caudal part of neural tube to close
F B. anencephaly is due to failure of cervical part of neural tube to close and can be
prevented
F C. in rachischisis, only the meninges bulge through it
T D. in spina bifida occulta, the spinal cord and nerves are usually normal
F E. spina bifida is due to failure of fusion of anterior arch

Muscle attached to coracoid process of scapula

A. Biceps
B. Triceps
C. P major
D. Deltoid
E. Serratus anterior

Veins which pierce the clavipectoral fascia

A. Basilic vein
B. Lateral pectoral vein
C. Internal thoracic vein
D. Axillary vein
E. Cephalic vein

4.The axillary vein

A. Is lateral to axillary artery
B. Is devoid of valves
C. Lies anterior to P minor
D. Is directly continuous with brachiocephalic vein
E. None of the above

5.Branches of axillary artery

A. Suprascapular
B. Transverse cervical
C. Lateral thoracic
D. Nutrient artery to humerus
E. Internal thoracic

6. origin from the lateral cord of brachial plexus

A. axillary nerve
B. ulnar nerve
C. lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm
D. musculocutaneous nerve
E. Suprascapular nerve

7. humerus that rotated laterally by

A. subscapularis
B. supraspinatus
C. P major
D. Deltoid
E. none of the above

8. muscle pair responsible for abducting the humerus to right angle

A. deltoid and subscapularis
B. Deltoid and supraspinatus
C. supraspinatus and subscapularis
D. teres major and subscapularis
E. Deltoid and teres major

10. Muscle that pair which assist in elevating the arm above the head
A. trapezius and p minor
B. levator scapulae and serratus anterior
C. R major and SA
D. R major and Levator scapulae
E. trapezius and SA

13. nerve supplying the shoulder jt

A. radial
B. lateral pectoral
C. axillary
D. suprascapular
E. all of the above

14. nerve trunk most intimately related to the capsule of shoulder jt is

A. radial
B. axillary
C. median
D. ulnar
E.Musculocutaneous nerve

16. muscles having intracapsular tendon

A. long head of biceps
B. short head of biceps
C. coracobrachialis
D. long head of triceps
E. none of the above

17. in contact with medial wall of axilla

A. medial root of median nerve
B. medial cord of BP
C. ulnar nerve
D. medial pectoral nerve
E. nerve to SA

21. usual level of bifurcation of brachial artery

A. middle of arm
B. just above the elbow
C. level of intercondylar line
D. level of elbow jt
E. neck of radius

25. directly behind the palmaris longus at the wrist

A. flexor carpi radialis
B. flexor pollicis longus
C. ulnar artery
D. radial artery
E. median nerve

26. Carpal bones articulating with the radius are

A. scaphoid and pisiform
B. lunate and pisiform
C. lunate and trapezium
D. lunate and scaphoid
E. scaphoid and capitate

28. Artery usually palpable in the floor of the anatomical snuff box
A. princeps pollicis
B. radalis pollcis
C. radialis indicis
D. radial
E. palmar branch of radial

29. digital synovial sheath in communication with ulnar bursa

A. index
B. middle finger
C. ring finger
D. little finger
E. all of the above
32. carpal bones visible in radiograph of the newborn
A. none
B. two
C. four
D. six
E. eight

34. abduction of the thumb carries it

A. forward away from the palm
B. backwards to the side of the palm
C. towards the index finger
D. laterally away from the index finger
E. in a direction intermediate between A and D

38. skin of index finger is supplied by

A. ulnar and radial
B. radial and median
C. median and ulnar
D. ulnar nerve
E. radial nerve

64. division of the long thoracic nerve is manifested by

A. inability to retract the scapula
B. wasting of P major
C. weakness of humeral adduction
D. winging of scapula
E. pianist hand deformity

70. Posterior interosseous nerve

A. passes between the radius and ulna
B. lies on interosseous membrane through its course
C. is cutaneous to the back of the hand
D. supplies the extensor digitorum
E. supplies the flexor digitorum superficialis

73. muscle supplied by anterior interosseous

A. FDP
B. FPL
C.PQ
D.PT
E. PL

LL
1. Quadriceps femoris muscle
A. Extend the knee
B. Flexes the knee
C. Extend the hip
D. Rotate the knee
E. Abducts the knee

15. bony prominence on which you kneel

A. femoral condyles
B. patella
C. tibial condyles
D. intercondylar eminence of tibia
E. tibial tuberosities

17. structure closet to the posterior ligament of the knee jt

A. popliteal artery
B. popliteal vein
C. tibial nerve
D. common peroneal nerve
E. sural nerve

18. the following bursa always communicates with the knee jt cavity
A. suprapatellar
B. prepatellar
C. subcutaneous infrapatellar
D. deep infrapatellar
E. semimembarnosus

19. the saphenous nerve

A. is a branch of obturator
B. give branch to the scrotum
C. is closely related to the great saphenous vein in the upper thigh
D. is cutaneous to the medial side of foot
E. is motor to the adductor magnus
21. the epiphysis of upper end of tibia receives the attachment of
A. patella ligament
B. fibular collateral lig
C. sartorius
D. popliteus
E. gracilis

23. articulates with head of talus

A. navicular
B. medial cuneiform
C. intermediate cuneiform
D. cuboid
E. none of the above

25. structure that closet to the skin of the sole

A. FDB
B. Quadratus plantae
C. planter aponeurosis
D. long plantar ligament
E. short plantar ligament

28. medial plantar nerve

A. supplies the cutaneous branches to med 3 1/2 toes
B. supplies the motor branches to the interossei
C. supplies the adductor hallucis
D. is homologus with ulnar nerve in the hand
E. passes through the first intermetatarsal space

29. keystone of medial longitudinal arch is

A. head of talus
B. calcaneus
C. navicular
D. cuboid
E. fist metatarsal bone

30. medial longitudinal arch of foot is supported by

A. tibialis anterior
B. FHB
C. Spring ligament
D. planter aponeurosis
E. all of the above

36. dorsalis pedis artery terminates by

A. dividing in the cleft b/t great and second toes
B. joining the deep plantar arch
C. forming dorsal arterial arch
D. dividing into medial and lateral plantar arteries
E. supplying the ankle jt

40. the following m/s of the hand has no homologue in the foot
A. Abd PB
B. Add PB
C. Opponen Pollicis
D. first dorsal interossei
E. first lumbrical

81. adductor tubercle

A. gives origin to the popliteus
B. receives the tendon of adductor magnus
C. gives attachment to the medial semilunar cartilage
D. is at the level of epiphyseal plate
E. is formed before birth

85. compression of the common peroneal nerve at the neck of fibular may produce
A. paralysis of eversion
B. paralysis of dorsiflexion
C. anesthesia of dorsum of foot
D. paralysis of planter flexion
E. paralysis of inversion

88. dorsalis pedis artery

A. is the continuation of anterior tibial
B. is palpable b/t TA and EHL
C. passes between 2nd and 3rd metatarsal bones
D. is the main blood supply to the sole of foot
E. is terminated by dorsal arterial arch

Head and Neck

13.Larger blood vessels of the scalp run in the
A. Skin
B. subcutaneous tissue
C. Epicranial aponeurosis
D. Subaponeurotic tissue
E. Pericranium

14.The main sensory nerve to the back of head

A. Greater auricular
B. Greater occipital
C. Posterior auricular
D. Lesser occipital
E. Third occipital

15.The zygomatic arch gives origin to the

A. Masseter
B. Temporalis
C. Buccinator
D. Platysma
E. Medial pterygoid

16.The main sensory neve to the upper lip

A. Facial
B. Infraorbital
C. Buccal
D. External nasal
E. Anterior superior alveolar

17.The main sensory nerve to the lower lip

A. Buccal
B. Cervical or facial
C. Mental
D. Submandibular
E. Inferior labial