In the development of the face

T A' face is deveioped fiom frcntonasal,

maxiliary an,J mandibular: swellings
T B. clermis of face is rleriveci fro* n*urul crest cells
F C. nasal septum is fbrmecl by maxillary
process
F D' muscles of'maslr.ation deverop
tii"
mesenchyme of 2nd pharyngeal arch
-f
E. furl,re of fusio, betu,'een the maxilrary
results rn oblique facial cleft
pr,r..., ;;;;; Iaterar nasar process

The neural crest tissne

T A. girres rise to Schwann cell
F B" contributes to the developing alar lamnina
n
C. is derived iiorn the neurai pi-ate
T D. gives rise to autonomic ganglia
-r
E. gives rise to dorsal root gan!ila of spiiral ner\res
$rosceneephalon gives rise to
'r A. cerebrai heini-"phere
T B. fhalamus
T C. h-v'pothalamus
F Il. tectum & tegmenfum
T F.. prneal body

U]VITsv
The Interatrial septum is formed
by
F A. spiral septum
T B. endocardial cushions
T C. septumprimuni
F D. bulboventricuiar ridge
I E. sepfum secundurn

where all the viscera including tlre

tueart are iru reverseei rorarion is
fr:-#Jf;|-.n
"F
_[ A. sihrs inversus
F E. dextrocardia
-t, C. sifus arnbiguous
F D. heterotaxia
F E. makotation of the gut
Reg_arding the develop-rnent of
ure gastrointestinaltract:
I A. It develops &om entoderrnat g*rilLy*,
-rr B. Blood supply ro the midgut iriro*.ouliac
trunk
E
I c' Stomach rotates 90" ant'iio.t *iseltong vertical axis
T'
, D. Hindgut begins at the jurrcrion ot*ght
'T-
t E. Meckel's diverticulum is locateO rn?e zE ^al*irl/i ort
ileun:
unrverse coron

51
 A large expandect segmrent of eolosr ahove a more distal constricted segment is -
triket"v ter be ciue tc
F A. anular pancreas
T E. I{irschsptung's disease
F C. pyiaric stenosis
F D. MeckeJ's divefiiculuin
F E" recti l atresia

Yentral mesentery of the developing embryo gives rise to

I A. falciforrn iigament
I B. coronary ligament
F C, gastrosplenie ligamerit
T D. left triangular ligarnent
F E. teinorenal ligarnent
Tlae dorsal bud contnihutes the fo}l*wimg panereatic structures
l A. Bcidy of the pancreas
j"
I B. Distal portion of the main pancreatie duct
T C. A.ccessory pancreatic duct of Santorini
F' $. Uncinate prr:cess
TL E. Upper half of the heacl cf the pancreas

.& e&mditiqln wtrere arrethra spems mn the ventral surlace of the penis is kaown
a.!

F A. epispadius
T E. hypospartrius
ir C. Cryptorchism
r D. Fatent urachus
f, E. Rectourethral fistula

R.egarc$ing developrnent of the fersrale reproductive systemr:

F A" Uterus r-levelops frorn tire Wotrfian duct
T B. lJterine tubes eievelop from ihe paramesanephiie ducts
T C. Thc primary sex cords are dimiuished in the fematre gonads
T D. fu{esori*phric remnants in fernatres forrn bot}r epoophoron and paracophoron
T E. Vaginal fornices criginate frcm the Mullerian ducts

Eerivatives of poramesoireptrrr:ic duefs imclude:

'{' A" Fallopian tube
t B. Uterus
F Cl. l,ower part of vagina
! D. Appendix of testis
T E" Prostatic utricie

52
 Regarding development of pharyngeal pouches:
T A. F'irst pair deveiops into auditaty iribe -
F B. Second pair develops intc linguai tonsil
T C. Third pair deveiops into thlrmyu
F D. Fourih pair develops into inJbrior parathyroid gland
T fl. F'iflh ilair develops into parafolric*lar c-eils of thyroid
In the development of the face
F' A" the medialpart of ripper lip is formed fiorn the medial nasal prorninences
T ts. the lower lip is formed from the mandibuiar prominences
T C. fbrehead is forrned iiom the fi.onto nasal prominence
F D. the tip of the nose is fbrmed from the raterai nasal prominence
F E. the laciai muscles are formed from the first pharyr"rgeal arcir

Regarding the development of thyroid gland:

F A. T"hyrc:ili glantl originates from ti:re ectoderrnal thickening on the floor ol'the
plialvnx
T B. F-oilicr:lar oeltrs develop fiom thlroici diverticulurn
T C. Fara{blliculal cells develop fi-om fifih pharyrageai pi;uch
F O" Thyroglassai cyst is lbuntl aiong the aniericr borcler of sternomastoid muscie
T E. Aberrent thyroid tissne is commonly tl-,und at the base of the tongue
trtegarrling the deve!oprnent cf the nervous systenl:
T A. Centrai nervolls svstem develops from the neural tube
F tr3. It is enclcdermal in origin
T c. It de'elops at the beginning of third u,:r:elr of intra uterine rife
F D. Antorior nellropol'e is ciosed later than posterior neuropore
I E" spina bifida results fr*m failure of tire posterior i)europore to close

Regarrfing *ong*nital anorn*lly of the endocrine giamd:

F A. Parenclrvmal ceils are ectorjermai in ongrn
T 11. Faral'allicular cells are derived fioin the the ultimc branchial bntly
'r'
tl. The proximal cpening oithyroglossa-l duct persists as a sir"lali blind pjt, the
i'*ramen caecum of tongue
F i-). "Ili.vrogl*ssal
c)-qt are tbuncl along tire anterior border of sternocleiclomastoici
I E. Accessarv Th-vroid gland originat*s ftclm lemnants of'thyroglossal riLrct
Talipes equinovarus ineludes:
T A. adduction
T B. inversion
F C. eversion
T D. plaatar flexion
F E. dorsiflexian

<1
 ?he Eimh hlrci
f, A. d,errelE:ped at tire -'l'i'nn,eeli of'th* inti:autcr"ini: iiie
E' tri" upper limb r*ta.tt:s 90 degree meCiall-v
I il. ha; clef'*ct in v,'irole lin:b is r:altr*rl ameiia
t ll. has dele ct in Cigits srich ets s;+ndactyly t:r'poiydactyly
i, E. lirnb musr:tres ere develcped lr*;n lateral plate nlescclerm

'flke a*81b*aii*s *{ tEre sg'ti;iare? ficr\'-&} }!?o'rsr rseur$n$ ;erise {a"*rxi

F A. alal"piate-u
T Fl. i:as:i pi*tes
r
|. C" i;it*rei hi:rns
't;.
il. roofp.tate:
i. 8,. ,lorsal l'1,*t $at-rgti:

H}A-T
pre*errtral gyrus:
T'fue
T A. is in tire fiontal lobe
F B" is the only motor area of fhe cerebral eortex
F C. in its lower part has neural eonneotions with ihe lorver part of the body
T D. eontains the giant pyraraidal cells of Betz
T E. receive biood supp}y fr*rt middle cerebrai artery
Wleich o{'the fCIil*wimg is aru exam}ple of assoeiation fibers?
F A" Corona radiata
F ts. Tapetum
F- C. Foroeps minor
T D. Arcr:ate fasciculus
T E. Cirrguium
Ttne basal ganglfia imelmde each of the fer]lowing:
T A. caudate nucleus
F B. red n"*eieus
T C. putamen
T D" giobus pallidus
T E. iantiform nucleus
Coacerniug the structurc nf the tle*lsmus
T A. it is ecmposed *f gray rnatter
T Il. the ttrrird ventrieie separatcs tire twc thaiami
T C. the dorsai surfa*e is c*vereii by the stratun zonale
F ft. the externai rnedullar,v t;rniina is on the rnedial srirfhee
T H. cr.rntains retray nuclei and diffr"rse projcctiCI* mtelei

-1+
 Third ventricle:
T A. is a narrow cleft between 2 thalanrir,diencephalons
T B. is recessed into the infundibulumr optic chiasma
F C. is situated in the mesenphalon
T D' has lamina terrninalis, antedor comrnissure and column of fornix at its anterior
T, E. obstruction of it will lead to raise intracr"anial pressure in adults
x'he foliowing structures are seen in interpeduncular fossa
F A. Posterior pertbrated substance
T
-r
Ii. Optic chiasma
C. Mamiliary bodies
T D" Tuber cinererim
E E. Corpc''raquadrigcrnina
The cerebellum:
-F A. lies in the posterior cranial tbssa. inf'eriorto pons ancl meduila
I E. is covered by tentorium cerebelli
T
I C. has no iiifluence on the activity of smootli muscle
T I]. controls the skeletal muscle tote on the same siele of the bocly
T E. flocculonocil-rlar k:trre is separated from the middie lobe by u1uiono,juiar fissure
Fihres of the optic tract terminate in
F A. in the inferior collicLrlus of midbrain
T i3. in the superior colliculus of midbrain
T C. the lateral geniculate body
F IJ. the medial geniculate body
r E. the ventral posteriomedial nucleus of the thaiamus
R.ed nucleus:
F
..i.
A. lies in the rnidtrrain at the inferior coiliculus level
8" recejves afferent fibres rraini3, lrcrm cerebeilum
F L-. sends efferent flbres mainly to rhe spi*al cord of same side
li
I]. Iies tra-teral to medial lenrniscus rlarsal to tlie substantia nigra
T
I E" e fi'erent fiber fomr the ventrai tegmenta.l decussaticrfi

{n ocetrusicn nl anteritr spinal artery which rif the following in the

spinal corei
are aifecfed?
T \ Later*j citrttccspinal tract
T B. i,,orsal spinocerebeiiai tracts
T f \-,.ntral si_.rnocerebeliar tract
F D, Tracr r-.iGail anci Buiiiach
F E Tiacius cuneaills

55
 The spina! cord:
1 A. has cervical enlargemeftt for the brachiai plexus
F B. ends at the lower border of third lurnbar vertebra in aduXt
T C. has nucieus dorsaiis (Clark's column) extending between C8 to L3 segments.
F D. has 33 segrnents/pairs of spinalfletves
I E. has 3 layers of rneninges

l\{edi*tr lernniscus:
T A. are crerssed fitrres originating ftom the cuneate and gracile nuclei
F B. are crossed fibles originating ftom the cochiear nuciei
F C. eonveys pain and temperatu:-es sensations
T D. conveys consci*us propri<lception, discrimination and fine touch
T E. contains crossed fibres ofthe second order neurons
Cerebrospf,nal fluid directly enters bhe cisterma mragne:
F A. at the arach:roid granulations
]i E. from the choroid ptrexus
T C. through the forernina of i-r.lshka and &{agendie
ii D" through the t-oremina of Monro
F E. via the ,Jerebl'al aquectruct

The fihers *f pain pmthway from flace are terxninated at:

F A. Nucleus VFI-
T B. Nu.cleus VFM
r*-
C. Chief sensciy nucleus *t {rar.jal merve V
F IJ" Mesene;ephatric nueleus of Craniai nerve V
g
E. Posterior nuelear group of thaian:us

Ccmcermiaeg the artenial supply to the br*in. all the fallowing statersremts
eoa'reetHy'pertain ts the eerebrmtr arterial eircle ( of l,Yiliis ) EXCruPT
A. it msualllr consists of anteriar communicating artery. Antery ceretlral arteries,
middie cerebral arteries and posterior cerebral arteries
F R should provide ecllateral eirculation betrrreen 2 artetial systenls
F L. it is cornplete iir tress than 509/o of population
F n it is paffiicularly prcue to crneurysms
T I:
t_.t. it will adeqtiaietry supply lateral aspect of left s*rebra', hemisphere in event of
occlusion afieft cerebral artery in lateratr fissure

Xn Brown - Sieqmard synrhrome:

TA. it is the irernisecticn of the spinal eord
FH. there is lower nrcit*:r neuron lesir:n on the side of lesion
FC. has neurolcgicai riisturballcss nn 2 sicles are the sdme
TD. is rrot associated uiith a periaci *i spinal shock
FF, flexor planter respofise is pr:sitive

55
 Upper motor neuron lesion is characterized by:
F A. flaccid muscle tone
l- B. muscle atrophy and wasting
'I C. increased muscle tone
T D. increased tendon reflexes
T E. absent abdorninal reflexes

A 7-days-old infant is diagnosed with a nor-communicating

hydrocephalus.
lvhich of the foltrowing is most Iikely to lead to such a condition?
I A. obstruction in the circulation of the cerebrospinar fluid
F R. excess production of cerebrospinal fluid
F C. increased size of the head
T D. obstruction at aqueduct of Sylvius
l-' E failure of the neural tube to close

UMM
Im ttrs }**ver ruot*r Eeuron lesion:
T A" aft'ects occur cn the same side of the lesion
''r"
l tl. t,here is etrophy of fhe niuscles supplieri
r:
r C. there is hyper-reflexia
T
t f). there is llaccid paralysis of the muscles
F E. site of lesion is in posterior hom cell of-spinai corcj

Associatian fitrers of the whlte matter of cerebr*m include

'ir
A. fihres iri ihe anrerior iimb of'the intemal capsuie
I B. for"nix whiclr conirects hippocar:ipus u,ith rnammilra.ry bocly
F C" has short association fibre which connects x,idely separatei gvri to one
:.rnother
i S, has lang asscciation fitrre w.hich connects widel1. separateel gyri to one snoiher
ts
E. super:or longitr,rdinax tasciculus connects occipiial to temporal Iobes
Tt*e infermuf ca;:su]e
F A. is reiated- laierally to the heaci of the cauclate ancl ttrralamus
'r B. has descer:ding fibres rn its anterior iiint:
,| C. has retraleniicular fibres in its anterior limb
T l]' haentonhage fi'om tire lareral striate afiery is associated u,ith contralateral
hemiplegia
E. carries r,he optic radiatiaa
Tire Thalnrmms
T 1 rcrrrs the upper iateral part of,3',1ventricle
F B r;-Ce1\'e S all sensory inpui except hearing
T i. ir:,. basic role iir srrmeiic niotor activi$, ilrr**gir corurection with hasal gangiia
F L). :t,.;:', r-, ;.tl! sa,lis()r\ jnpl"lt
T E' ii'-'-' '':.1. icle i:i sctiaiic inotor':ictil,ii.l rit'ough cornection vrith cq:rebeilirm

57
 The hypCIthalanrus
Fr A. regr.iiates somatic motor activit,tt
nI Il. forms thc floor of the 4rl'ventricle
F C, lateral nucleris controis the satiety
T D. receives afl'erent flbi:es from hippocampus
T E. is concerned with sleep-wake rr:echanisrn

Cerehr*spinal t"tuietr
ir A" is presenf only in venrricles
-r
I B. can he e,xan:ined fi:ir',lliasrrosis ot'i{lsi:ases
T i,l. drains irtc sripcd*r sagittal sinus througli arachnoid granulations
F D. drains into the inferior sagittal sinus through arachnoid granulations
E
I E. is found in subdural space
S4edultra obE*mgata:
T A" is the site of ccrticospinal tract decussation
t B. is the site of great sensory deeussation
F C' lodges rootlets of ninth, tenth and cranialaccessory nelves atthe antero-lateral
sulcus
FD" it is the site of tectaspinal tract decussatioa
FE. is corrlpietely separated into two halves by anterior median fissure

Foms:
1"' A. has -t surfuces such as ventral, tra.ieral and dorsal
T B, contains nucleus rlf abeiucent nerve
T C' has basiiar porlion u'hich continuous with the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain
T D. is the part of brainstem eonnecting the midbrain with medu$a
I E" in its inferior border lodges the 6th, 7th anri 8th cranial nerves

Im the attachmerat of the crarnial &erves

F A. vagus nerve ercerges between the olirie and pyracrid
T B. trigerninal nerve emorges at ttrie junctian of pons & middtre cerebeilar pedtincle
F C' trochlear fierue emerges dorsally betwecn the superior and inferior coilici"rlus
T D. ocutro*lctor neive emerges 'from the intelpeduncular f'ossa
F E' abducent nelv€ emerges trateralto the facial and vestibulo-cochlear 11erves

Comcerqing tiee gray matter of the spima! eord:

A. a group of cells atthe apex of the posterior gray coh-imn is known as substantia
gelatinosa
i. rr. a group of cetrls in the laterai gray column is l<rrown as iateral irom
ceils
F" a group of cells situated atthe basc of the posterior gray column is called ventral
nucleus of Clatk
i. .t.i. nerve cell groups in anterior gray colunm are motor neurons
TE. is joined by horizcntal bar of gray comrnissure

5li
 The spinal cord gets its blood supply from:
I A. vertebral arteries
T B. transverse cervical arteries
I
C. lum!:ar artelies
T
.l-
D. ascending cervical arteries
t. E. ariterior and pcster:ior spinal arteries

The main motor pathway in the central nervous system:

F- A. arises in the preniotor coltex ol the cerebrum
T E. is so calied pyramidal pathrvay
T C. passes through the cerei:ral peduricles
T D. termil'iates on the ventrai horn of spinal cord
i E. the ccrticr:bulbar fibres run through the genu oithe internal capsule

Left - sided hemisectiora cf the spinatr cord in the mid thoracic region rnay
proelu*e:
F h" Jrrss of-pa.in sensatioir in the ieft leg
T E" loss of'pain sensation in the right ieg
F C. loss clvibration sense in the right leg
T D. loss of vibration sense in the le{t leg
T E. Ioss of rzr:luntarv n"iovement in the ieft leg
A Ss-ye*r-old r',ram is admitted tsr ttrre hcspital with a complainf q;f severe
headaclies. A lurnLaar puncture reveals traces of hlood in the
CSF. Whieh of the
f'ollow-img condifions has mnst likely cccumed in this patient?
Ir- A. ftacture of the pterion with vascular injurv
T ts. a nrptured "beny" aneurvgin
rI C. leakage of branches Lrf the middle nrenrnqeal i,ein within the iei-nporal hone
F D. a tear *f tlre r:erebral vein at the entrancelo the superior sagittal sinu:;
F E' oc*l'-ts;ion of the it:ternai caroticl artery hy a clot generated in tire ieft atrium
A 7{}-year old mrnm witia a laistonv of hvpertenst*n wemt to worg< ane{ had
sudrlen slmset of ma*sea anci vomitlng. et ernergency dep*rfment, he *vas
slogiced as slurreql speech, dysmetria on finger-t*-*r*
iest on fhe le{t side. F{is
gait was mornral. Where {s rhe lesion?
F A. cerebeilar.,rennis
t, &. righi cerebellar hemisphere
T {l 1*ft eerebeilar hemispiiere
F ll. ia.sl.igiatr i:ircie*:;
F E \ esiiDrilar rnrclei

_{9

I
 R.egarding basal ganglia, the incorrrct statement is
F A. the variolis basai nuclei are interconnect*cl
F B. sranialiy, slriaturn reeeives iibres frilm the cerebral cortex anct send back
impuises to it through the thalamus
T C. the att"erents ftom the thaiamus pror,,idc the striatun with valious mi;daiities af
Se1}SOl'lv-
rnf"omration including cifhcti*n
F D. the rnain etti:lent pathway t}om the lentiform nucleus is r,"ia ihe globus paliidus
F F,. the elYerent fibels of gioi-rus paiiiehls includes ansa lenficularis
spin,:fha}*mie trac*s tel'nainnte cn the following thnlamrie
T'{ne muclears:
F A" pulvi*ar
l, B. '',entrai later;ll
F C. ventrai *nlerior
F D" posler:ior rnecii*i
T il. vrinlrc post*ti*i: laielaJ
nL$fee t *f imjurn' to the riglaf opfaa trm*t resarlts !sr:
F A. iritamilcr;ri h*r"nian*piil
fi B. ;:igir'r ilr,u:lonymcus iremianqlia
T {-l }ef i ii*mat"-viti*us iren:ia:r*pia
]r i). a*opia i;i nght cye
I E. irfl h*rilonylxolls uilpel qu,adrtintic hemia*apiii

k*ll
Rutlsrdiilf, fta* r,ea?tri*u[;lr svsfenr and cer*brrispiaa] fiuid (CSF'] pr*ductiora:
F' :\. CSF is exclusirrci.l, proci**rri in tir* ch*roic'ipieri of-the iatei'al venfl'i*les
l' El. CSF passe:; lranr tiie 3rei tr; tire 4th veutri*le vie the nterr,.eiitricular i,;r*m*n
i C" i he 4th -".erirfrir-'ir: s-'omrnu.r;icates directly ia,ith the sii'iraiaci**id space
l' l]" The total rroh-lnre *f CSF is aprroxiiaalely i-i{i ni1
f" E. flSF ti; rsabsorbq:* tnniril',, thr*iagh []:e ara*ilnoicl granl.ilatiorts ln il:* inf'ei'r*i
sagittal sinus

Whir;h staterffie${ mtrc}mt the mreninges is ri}ost raerurate?

F A. Tire dura rnater iras !.'uv{} disiine i iayers surr*uncling the i:rain anci spinal corcl
F E. The rnaiar venolls s!nr,ees ije ln th* sLrbdaral space
F C. trLi"rp.lrlre cl tire n:iddl* mening.eal aitem crlrlses a suLrarachnoirl haem*rrhage
F [.]" I]ura nlat*r'is thickened either siiii: cf the spinal colri to fi:n.n tlre drnticuiete
iigar:rents
l' F. "i'i;* pia mater pierccs the <Xistal cxi;rerte of'the elura as the f iium tr:r*:inalr
itegan'dtng ins*la:
F r\. i.q an alea r:flthe cortex tl:ra.t is i:r:-riecl witirin lhr: *errnal srilcus
'i E. is ass,:ciated rviili visri;i:iti lil*,;tir:it
F
"l-
{-. is slrX;pii*d by pcst*rior i:el*bLr,l ;:;:'rely.
i). l:istclogically p{}:tiilrior palt is granula.r irnd ante;:ior part is agranulilr
F E. [itimuiation *f this resir:n iarist.r\ e onjurared eve mol,erficrl'ts"
6C