Python Cheat Sheet

Basic Syntax Functions Syntax Lists

Comments: Function syntax: Creating a list:

# This is a comment def <name> (<parameters>): my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
# inside the function
Writing to terminal: <function code> Accessing elements of a list:
print() # not inside the function my_list[0] # Returns 1

Variable syntax: A variable is created the moment you ‘def’ is a keyword defining that this is a function. Negative Indexing: Negative indexing means
first assign a value to it. Variables do not need to be beginning from the end.
declared with any particular type and can even change There are no return types for functions. my_list[-1] # Returns 5
type after they have been set. You can add a return statement and return any value.
variableName = value Looping through a list:
Function call: for x in my_list:
Data types: function_name() print(x)
Typ Description Examples
e Example: List slicing:
my_list[1:3] # Returns [2, 3]
int Integer (whole 103, - 12, def add_numbers(number1, number2): my_list[:-1] # Returns [1, 2, 3, 4]
result = number1 + number2
numbers)
return result Check if an item is in a list:
float 32 bit decimals (7 digits) 3.14 if 3 in my_list:
def greeting(): # Code for if condition is true
bool Boolean true/false print("Good morning!”)
Adding an item to a list:
str String "Hello" Working with Strings my_list.append(6) # Adds 6 to the end of my_list

Creating a string: Removing an item in a list:

Get data type: The type() function will return the type
of the given variable.
x = 5
print(type(x)) # Prints ‘int’
Variable assignment example:
x = 5 # Variable ‘x’ created
x = “hello” # ‘x’ is type string
x = True # ‘x’ is type boolean
my_string = “Hello World” # Removes this element from the list (not using index)
my_list.remove(3)
Accessing the characters: by referring to its index # Removes last item or the item at the specified index
my_list.pop()
number inside square brackets [].
my_string[4]
Sorting a list:
my_list.sort() # Sorts my_list in ascending order
Splitting: Splits the string into substrings if it finds
instances of the separator Reversing a list:
my_string.split(“ “)
 Python Cheat Sheet

my_list.reverse() # Reverses my_list in place

conditionals: String formatting: Writing to console
if condition1: print(my_string) Reference Links
# code if condition1 is true
elif condition2: Concatenation (joining strings): - Python documentation
# code if condition2 is true # Combine two strings - Python Tutorial - W3Schools
else: new_str = str1 + str2 - Python Tutorial - TutorialsPoint
# code if conditions are false
# Returns the string with all the elements in the list joined
while loops: # together with spaces between them.
while condition: “ ”.join(str_list)
# code
Converting to uppercase or lowercase: returns the
for loops: uppercase/lowercase of the string.
for x in list: txt = "Hello World"
# code for each member of list # "HELLO WORLD"
OR print(txt.upper())
for i in range(10): # "hello world"
# code to repeat 10 times print(txt.lower())

Type Casting: String contains string:

str = "This is test"
Converting to an integer: int(string)
if “test” in str:
Converting to a string: str(object) print("Word 'test' was found.")
Converting to a float: float(string)

Generating a random integer number:

Syntax: random.randint(start, stop)
Example: print(random.randint(2,8))
- This example generates a random integer
between 2 and 8 (both numbers included)