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Summit, India’s Nominee Justice Dalveer Bhandari Re-elected
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H-3, Block-B, Municipal Premises Japan PM, Political Turmoil in Saudi Arabia : Prince Moham-
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PD/January/2018/6
 JANUARY 2018

ISSUE : 138

Regulars Legal Article

6 To Our Readers 107 Upload FIRs on Official Websites Within 24 Hours :
11 Editorial Supreme Court
News and Events Agriculture Related Article
12 Nation this Month 109 The Doubling of Farmers’ Income (DFI) by 2022 : How
21 World this Month to Make it a Reality ?
32 Regional News
Science Article
35 National and International Updates
111 Geochemical Cycle
Career News 114 Compendium
46 Employment and Career News 117 Important Concepts in News
46 Forthcoming Competitive Examinations General Knowledge
Current Affairs 120 Present Scenario of Research, Development, Schemes
48 Sports World and Programmes in Housing and Urban Poverty
52 Memorable Points Alleviation Sector : Scaling New Heights
54 Economic Scenario Annual Report 2016-17
64 Jury Trial for Parsi’s Divorce : A Cumbersome Exercise 122 Research and Development Activities in Drinking
Inspiring Youth : Interviews Water and Sanitation Sector : Scaling New Heights :
A Dire Need in 21st Century
65 Abhinav Pandey
124 Prominent Historical Personalities of India
Topper—Delhi Judicial Service Exam., 2015 (1st Rank) 126 Trade and Industry
67 Abhishek Chourasiya 127 Current Questionnaire
Topper—Civil Services Exam., 2016 (72nd Rank)
Question Paper
69 Rahul Sharma
Topper—Civil Services Exam., 2016 (76th Rank) Optional Papers
World Panorama 130 UGC-NET/JRF Exam., 2016 : Psychology
72 (i) India and ASEAN : Strategic Convergence 135 UGC-NET/JRF Exam., 2016 : Management
74 (ii) Security Council Reforms and India’s Claim Other Papers
Personality Development 141 Uttar Pradesh P.C.S. (Pre.) Exam., 2017 : General
77 Breaking Free from the Past Studies
Focus 153 NABARD Grade ‘B’ Officer Exam., 2017 : General
Awareness
79 Bharatmala
155 General Insurance Corporation Officer Grade Exam.,
Articles 2017 : General Awareness
Sociological Article 157 National Defence Academy and Naval Academy
82 Empowerment of Minorities : Key Initiatives of Exam., 2017 : General Studies
Central Government 164 I.D.B.I. Executive Exam., 2016 : Reasoning and
Analytical Ability
Economic Article
170 Bank of Baroda P.O. Exam., 2017 : Quantitative
85 India in Global Ranking
Aptitude
Economics Article
Your Pages
99 India’s Wealth Soars but Few Benefit : Credit Suisse
178 Essay Contest
Global Wealth Report, 2017
179 Debate Contest
Career Article 180 Concentric Quiz
102 SSB : For Three Wings of the Armed Forces 183 Test Your Knowledge
What ? How ? and Why ? 186 Results

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Delhi Judicial Service Exam., 2015. He deserves high appreciation and our heartiest congratulations on his
incomparable success. This important, thought-provoking and highly inspiring interview is being
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“Wrinkles should merely indicate where smiles have been.”
 Inspiring Youth
“Smart hard work is the secret of
my success.”
‘Pratiyogita Darpan’ arranged an exclusive interview with Shri Abhishek Chourasiya who has been selected
in Civil Services Examination 2016, conducted by Union Public Service Commission. He deserves high
admiration and our heartiest congratulations on his splendid success. This important, thought-provoking
and highly inspiring interview is being presented here in its original form.
PD—Achieving top slot in the
coveted Civil Services Examination
is no small feat; accept our heartiest
congratulations on your splendid
success.
Shri Abhishek—Thank you !
PD—Medium for writing in
examination.
Shri Abhishek—English.
PD—Medium for Personality
Test
Shri Abhishek—English.
PD—In how many attempts
have you achieved this success ?
Shri Abhishek—3rd.
PD—You achieved the desired
success in this attempt; how do you
visualize your previous attempts ?
Shri Abhishek—My first attempt
was half prepared as I went through
optional subject only after the result
of Preliminary examination was out.
In my second attempt I failed to clear
the preliminary examination due to
change in the pattern. These failures
taught me important lessons and in
my third attempt I tried to prepare
comprehensively.
PD—What was your optional
subject ?
Shri Abhishek—Optional Subject :
Geography.
PD—While making final choice
for optional subject, what’s important
and what’s not ?
Shri Abhishek—Since the
optional subject requires in-depth
understanding, it is better choosing a
subject with which candidate is com-
fortable and willing to spend much
time. Availability of study material,
guidance and scope for scoring are
other criteria to look upon while
choosing the optional subject.
PD/January/2018/67/5 “A hero is no braver than an ordinary man, but he is braver five minutes longer.”
—Abhishek Chourasiya
Topper— Civil Services Exam., 2016 (72nd Rank)
PD—What preference in services
have you opted for and any parti-
cular reason for that priority ?
Shri Abhishek—IAS is my first
preference as it provides diverse roles
and responsibilities where I can con-
tribute.
Success is the record of the best and the
hardest moments of the happiest and
the best minds.
—Abhishek Chourasiya
PD—‘Success is sweet’—Were
you confident of your success with
top ranks and how did you react to
this news ?
Shri Abhishek—I was hopeful
of finding a place in the list. Getting a
rank within top 100 was a pleasant
surprise.
PD—Today, IAS Toppers are
icons and lots of media coverage
makes them popular. Before your
success, what was your opinion about
these toppers ?
Any particular success story
which influenced your journey to this
result ?
Shri Abhishek—Toppers moti-
vate other candidates to continue
their quest against all odds.
PD—Can you recall the exact
moment when you realized the
importance of Civil Services ?
Shri Abhishek—It was not a
single moment but a gradual process
by which I realized the immense
potential of these services to posi-
tively impact people and contribute
in nation making.
PD—Finally, at what point of
time did you make up your mind to
make career in ‘Civil Services’ ?
Shri Abhishek—During last year
of my college.
PD— Was CSE your planned
decision or your parents’ wish ?
Shri Abhishek—It was more
influenced by inner motivation.
PD—‘Time Management’ is a
key factor while making preparations
as well as in writing examination
papers, be it Prelims or Main Exami-
nation. How did you manage things ?
Shri Abhishek—By practicing
through mock tests and working
upon it.
PD—The first step is the most
difficult; how to prepare ? Which
optional subjects to pick ? What to
read ? How much to read ? Many
such questions come to your mind
when you really get serious about
Civil Services Examination ? From
where did you get the right advice ?
Shri Abhishek—A lot of
guidance is available. Internet is the
best source. But candidates should
keep one thing in mind that this exam
could be cleared by making their own
strategy which suits to their own
personal preferences and attitude.
PD—What was your approach
towards Paper I (General Studies)
and Paper II (Aptitude Test) during
Preliminary Examination prepara-
tion ? How long time and effort did
you divide for each ?
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 Inspiring Youth
“Consistency, perseverance and exceptionally
hard work are the secrets of my success.”
‘Pratiyogita Darpan’ arranged an exclusive interview with Shri Rahul Sharma who has been selected in Civil
Services Examination 2016, conducted by Union Public Service Commission. He deserves high admiration
and our heartiest congratulations on his splendid success. This important, thought-provoking and highly
inspiring interview is being presented here in its original form.
PD—Achieving top slot in the
coveted Civil Services Examination is
no small feat; accept our heartiest
congratulations on your splendid
success.
Shri Rahul—Thank you.
PD—Medium for writing in
examination.
Shri Rahul—English.
PD—Medium for Personality
Test.
Shri Rahul—English.
PD—In how many attempts
have you achieved this success ?
Shri Rahul—3
PD—You achieved the desired
success in this attempt; how do you
visualize your previous attempts ?
Shri Rahul—Could not qualify
prelims in previous attempts. I
committed lot of silly mistakes in last
attempt due to which I wasted one
whole year. There was lack of revision
and shortage of practice. I learned
from my mistakes and got the fruit
this year.
PD—What was your optional
subject ?
Shri Rahul—Optional Subject :
Political Science and International
Relations.
PD—While making final choice
for optional subject, what’s important
and what’s not ?
Shri Rahul—The most important
thing is your interest in that optional.
Then one must look at the syllabus
and previous years’ question papers
of the optional. Analyze whether you
will be able to study this optional and
then take a decision.
PD/January/2018/69
Topper— Civil Services Exam., 2016 (76th Rank)
PD—Give the basis of selecting
the optional subject ?
Shri Rahul—Interest in the sub-
ject and availability of study material.
Nature tells every secret to a genius.
—Rahul Sharma
PD—What preference in services
have you opted for and any parti-
cular reason for that priority ?
Shri Rahul—IAS, IPS, IFS.
The reason for opting for IAS is
that they are more connected to
people and can make direct impact
on their lives. This service provides
the platform to work for the society
and improve the life standard of the
citizens.
PD—‘Success is sweet’—were
you confident of your success with
top ranks and how did you react to
this news?
Shri Rahul—Due to unpredict-
able nature of UPSC and subjective
papers, one is not sure of getting the
name into the list. When result came,
I was studying for the next prelims. I
was happy on seeing the result. The
feeling cannot be described in words.
It was a proud moment for my family
and everyone was happy.
“Fortune helps the brave.”
—Rahul Sharma
PD—Today, IAS Toppers are
icons and lots of media coverage
makes them popular. Before your
success, what was your opinion about
these toppers ? Any particular success
story which influenced your journey
to this result ?
Shri Rahul—There is no doubt
that IAS toppers are the inspiration
and role models of lots of aspirants. I
used to follow the various blogs and
success stories of IAS toppers and
tried to learn from them.
2013 IAS topper Gaurav Aggar-
wal’s blog has made a big impact in
my preparation of civil services.
There you can find do’s and don’ts
for civil services preparation and it
also clears your doubts regarding civil
services preparation
PD—Can you recall the exact
moment when you realized the
importance of Civil Services ?
Shri Rahul—During final year of
my engineering. The impact which
this service can create on our citizens
motivated me to pursue towards civil
services
PD—Finally, at what point of
time did you make up your mind to
make career in ‘Civil Services’ ?
Shri Rahul—When I was work-
ing with IBM.
PD—Was CSE your planned
decision or your parents’ wish ?
Shri Rahul—I decided to study
for civil services during my job time
and my parents motivated to pursue
my dream.
PD—Did you keep in mind some
time-frame for the examination pre-
paration and number of attempts ?
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 INDIA AND ASEAN : STRATEGIC
CONVERGENCE
The ASEAN, a group of 10 South-
East Asian nations, was formed in
1967 as an instrument of economic
cooperation and regional integration.
However, during cold war, the group
was projected as a US device to ward
off the influence of communism in
the South-East Asia. This became a
divisive issue for the ASEAN mem-
bers and undermined its internal
coherence as well as its effectiveness.
But after the end of cold war in 1990s
and onset of globalization, ASEAN
became free from its past ideological
hangover and gradually emerged as a
success story of regional growth and
integration. Intra-regional trade of
ASEAN members has reached 35
per cent in recent years and it is
considered the second most success-
ful example of regional cooperation
after the European Union. This year
ASEAN is celebrating its Golden
Jubilee of its formation 50 years back.
The Look East Policy
India’s Association with ASEAN
is also a post-cold war story. During
Cold war India’s engagement with
South-East Asia region was limited.
The process of globalization and urge
to search new areas of mutually
beneficial engagement led India to
announce her Look East policy in
1991. India-ASEAN Partnership is
anchored around this policy. The
main objectives of this policy are: to
develop close economic as well as
strategic relations with the countries
of this region and to avail better
opportunities of market, capital and
technology for the rapid and sus-
tained economic growth of the coun-
try. This policy has been implemen-
ted in two phases so far. The first
phase of this policy covers the period
from 1991 to 2003. During this phase
the policy mainly focused on the
development of trade and investment
PD/January/2018/72 “It is better to fail in originality than to succeed in imitation.’”
—Arunoday Bajpai
linkages with the members of
ASEAN. The Second phase of this
policy covers the period from 2003 to
the present. During this phase the
content as well as the reach of this
policy has been expanded in the
sense that now it focuses on both the
ASEAN as well as non-ASEAN coun-
tries of East Asia. Again, besides eco-
nomic relations it is equally focused
on the deepening of the strategic
relations in this region. The policy
has been renamed as ‘Act East’ policy
in 2014 to highlight its result-oriented
and proactive approach in coming
years.
India and ASEAN Relations
This is the 25th anniversary of
the beginning of India’s relations with
ASEAN. The Indian Premier made a
successful visit of this region in 1992
and India became a sectoral dialogue
partner of ASEAN in the same year.
The status of India was elevated
to the full dialogue partner in 1995.
There was a temporary setback to
expanding relations as the US, Japan
and other leading countries imposed
sanctions against India in reaction to
the nuclear tests conducted by her in
1998. The ASEAN became reluctant
as its members follow the US line in
strategic matters. In fact, the ASEAN
was founded as a check to the spread
of communism in East Asia. Its
activities and functioning have been
influenced by the logic of cold war
politics and resulting regional pro-
blems. As the US and Japan lifted
sanctions against India in 2002, the
prospects for cooperation between
India and ASEAN became brighter.
In 2002, both decided to hold regular
annual Summit meetings to streng-
then the mutual cooperation. Since
2002, the 15 annual Summit meetings
have been held between India and
ASEAN. Usually these meetings are
held at the same place and time
where annual ASEAN summits are
organized. A special commemorative
ASEAN-India Summit was held in
December 2012 in New Delhi at the
20th anniversary of the beginning of
diplomatic relations between India
and the ASEAN. The 15th Indo-
ASEAN Summit was held at Manila
on 14th Nov., 2017.
In the past two decades, both
have expanded the areas of coopera-
tion in such fields as trade, invest-
ment, security, culture, tourism and
science and technology. The agenda
of cooperation between India and
ASEAN is articulated under the Plan
of Action, which incorporates the
three crucial pillars of politico-
security, economic and cultural
partnership. The Plan of Action is a
mechanism to strengthen the ASEAN-
India Partnership for Peace, Progress
and Shared Prosperity. It sets out the
roadmap for long-term ASEAN-India
engagement The First Plan of Action
for the period 2004-2010 was signed
at the 3rd ASEAN-India Summit in
2004 in Vientiane. The Second Plan of
Action (POA) for the period 2010-15
has also been implemented. The 3rd
Plan of Action (2016-20) was adopted
by the ASEAN-India Foreign Mini-
sters Meeting held in August 2015.
Facets of India-ASEAN Part-
nership
The India-ASEAN partnership
has many facets, which are briefly
described below :
1. Economic Partnership—The
bilateral trade between India and
ASEAN has seen a phenomenal
growth in last 25 years. India’s two-
way trade with ASEAN was $ 2·9
billion in 1992 but it has grown up to
$ 76 billion in 2016. ASEAN holds 10
per cent of foreign investment in
India. India signed a Free Trade
Agreement (FTA) with ASEAN on 13
August, 2009, in Bangkok to boost the
trade between the two. It came into
force on 1 January, 2010. This FTA
covers the trade in goods only. This is
considered a milestone in the bilateral
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3'-DQXDU\ “Fortune sides with him who dares.”

that best attests to the region’s
interests and its peaceful develop-
ment. India has striven very hard to
fight terrorism and violent extre-
mism. It is time that we jointly
address this challenge. India has
proposed the India-ASEAN Special
Commemorative Summit on 25
January, 2018 in New Delhi. The
ASEAN leaders have been invited as
Chief Guests at India’s 69th Republic
Day Celebrations, 2018. The theme of
25th anniversary Summit is ‘Shared
Values, Common Destiny’. This
Commemorative Summit would be
another opportunity for India to
strengthen her partnership with
ASEAN in a focused manner. Indian
Prime Minister held many important
bilateral meetings with leaders of
Philippines, Japan, Australia and
China.
Mr. Modi also held wide-ranging
talks with Philippines President
Rodrigo Duterte and the two coun-
tries signed four pacts providing for
cooperation in a number of areas,
including defence and security. He
also discussed many important issues
with his Japanese counterpart, Shinzo
Abe, with a focus on strengthening
the strategic partnership between the
two Asian giants. Mr. Modi held
bilateral meetings with his Australian
counterpart Malcolm Turnbull, Viet-
namese Premier Nguyen Xuan Phuc,
Sultan of Brunei Hassanal Bolkiah
and New Zealand Prime Minister
Jacinda Ardern, and discussed ways
to further ramp up cooperation in
various key areas like trade and
investment.
The QUAD Alliance
Another noteworthy develop-
ment during this summit was the
presence of the U S President Donald
Trump, who praised Indian Prime
Minister for his economic reforms
and the constructive role India is
playing in the South-East Asia. Modi
and Trump held extensive talks
covering the entire gamut of the
strategic landscape in Asia, and
expressed desire for deeper coopera-
tion in dealing with sensitive security
issues confronting the region.
Trump revived the idea of Quad
Alliance involving India, US, Japan,
and Australia to deal with important
issues of the Indo-pacific region. The
PD/January/2018/74 “Little minds are tamed and subdued by misfortune; but great minds rise above it.”
Quad aims to build a rules-based
regional order, provide maritime
security as a regional public good,
and enhance connectivity. But many
observers feel that the Quad is more
about containing China than about
anything else. For Quad and other
ASEAN members China is seen as a
major competitor and rule-breaker.
China’s conduct in the South China
Sea or the East China sea highlights
the concerns of the Quad.
Conclusion
India-ASEAN partnership is the
result of India’s Look East Policy.
This policy is mentioned as an
example of success story of India’s
foreign policy in the post-cold war
period. There has been positive
synergy between India and ASEAN
members as they do not have any
bilateral differences and the military
SECURITY COUNCIL REFORMS AND
INDIA’S CLAIM
Twenty-five years ago the United
Nations convened an International
Summit of global leaders in 1992 to
discuss ways and means to streng-
then the UN system so that it can
cope with the changing conditions of
peace and security in the post-cold
war global era. The reform or the
expansion of the membership of the
Security Council was also on the part
of the agenda for discussion in this
conference. Indian Prime Minister
P.V. Narsimha Rao participated in
this summit and placed India’s claim
for the first time, for the permanent
membership of the Security Council.
It generated much hope and hype
within and outside India as the per-
manent membership of the Security
Council is considered as a symbol of
the power status of the nation in the
international platform.
The main argument in support of
UN Security Council reform is that
the present structure of the Security
Council was laid down 70 years back
in 1945, which was suitable to the
international conditions that time.
With the drastic change in the global
power structure and emerging chal-
lenges of peace and security in last 70
years, the prevailing structure of the
UN Security is not effective in the
rise of China has made India as a
counter balance in the region. India’s
relations with ASEAN are multi-
dimensional as they cover all areas
like trade and investment, connecti-
vity, development, defence and
security and cultural cooperation.
Yet, Indian policy is faced with
challenges from China, as the latter
considers Asia-Pacific region as an
area of her natural influence. The
United States and other regional
actors support India’s larger role in
the region. Indo-China tensions are
likely to go up as and when India
actively intervenes in the regional
security issues like the disputes in
South China Sea and other such
matters, as have direct bearing on
Chinese sovereignty. Indian policy
makers need to keep this strategic
limitation in mind, while expanding
India’s Strategic role in the region.
post-cold war conditions. For
example, Germany is the largest
economy of Europe now, but it is not
a permanent member, whereas much
smaller economies like France and
England are the permanent members
of the Security Council. Again, many
of the rising powers like India, Brazil
and South Africa are also not the
permanent members of the Security
Council. Hence, there is urgent need
of reform of the UN Security Council.
Text-Based Negotiations
Ever since then the reform of the
Security Council has been on the
agenda of the United Nations, but no
reform formula has been finalized
and agreed upon by the global body
so far. However, for last two years
the political activities of both the
supporters of UNSC reform as well as
its opponents are more pronounced
at the UN because the issue is pend-
ing before the UN General Assembly
to seek the opinion of the UN mem-
bers on this issue. Very soon text-
based negotiations are likely to be
launched in the General Assembly
on the question of UNSC reforms. In
the text-based negotiations, each UN
member has to express its opinion
in writing on the proposed text of
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3'-DQXDU\ “Failure is the condiment that gives success its flavor.”

the last two years to elicit members’
opinion. The next step is that the text-
based negotiations will be launched
in the UN General Assembly, in
which each member state will have to
give her views in writing. The final
proposal will be passed by the two-
thirds majority of the General Assem-
bly and will be placed before the
Security Council for final approval.
Since reform negotiations have ente-
red the penultimate stage, the oppo-
nents and supporters of reforms have
become very active.
G-4 Meeting , 2017
The foreign ministers of India,
Japan, Brazil and Germany (G-4
group) gathered in New York on 20
September, 2017 to consider ways
to accelerate reform of the United
Nations Security Council on the
occasion of the 72nd session of the
United Nations General Assembly.
The G4 Ministers reaffirmed the need
for an early reform of the Council
including the expansion of both
permanent and non-permanent cate-
gories of membership, the improve-
ment of working methods and the
Council’s representativeness as
well as enhanced role of developing
countries and major contributors to
the United Nations, in order to make
the Council more legitimate, effective
and representative. They claimed that
the number of the United Nations
Member States has increased from 51
in 1945 to 193 today and that the
current composition of the Council
does not reflect the changed global
realities, hence there is an urgent
need of reform of the Security
Council. They reiterated their claims
as aspiring new permanent members
of a reformed Council, and extended
support for each other’s candida-
tures. The four members were of the
view that it was time to move to the
next phase and initiate text-based
negotiations during the 72nd session
of the General Assembly, which
marks the 10th year of the IGN (Inter-
governmental Negotiations) and 25th
year of consistent debate and con-
sideration by the General Assembly.
The G-4 claimed that the overwhelm-
ing majority of Member States
PD/January/2018/76 “Don't let what you cannot do interfere with what you can do.”
support the initiation of text-based
negotiations with a view to realizing
an early reform of the Council.
Indian Claims for Permanent
Membership of Security
Council
So far, India has been elected
seven times to the UN Security
Council as a non-permanent member.
India has served as a non-permanent
member in 1950-51, 1955-56, 1972-73,
1977-78, 1984-85, 1991-92 and finally
in 1911-12. Thus, she is one of the
countries, which has been elected for
the most number of years as a non-
permanent member. However, the
permanent membership of the
Security Council eludes India.
It was reported in the Washing-
ton Post that India was offered a
permanent seat on the council 55
years ago, in 1955, but that offer,
made by the United States and the
Soviet Union, was declined by the
Indian Prime Minister, Jawaharlal
Nehru. He said that the seat should
be given to China. The primary reason
for this offer was that the Security
Council seat was then held by Taiwan
and western countries were not
inclined for this seat to China. India
considered China as the natural
successor to China, a claim denied by
the US and other western countries.
India’s claim for the permanent
membership of the Security Council
is based on a number of grounds :
1. When UN was established in
1945, the big five powers were given
the permanent seat in the Security
Council. Since then not only the
world has expanded but its com-
position has also changed. It was only
in 1965 that the non-permanent seats
were increased from ten to fifteen.
However, in last 70 years, there has
been no change in the category of
permanent membership. Now, India
has emerged as a leading global
player in economic terms. It is now
the 8th largest economy of the world.
In terms of purchasing power parity
(PPP), it now holds the fourth posi-
tion in the global economy. It now
appears strange and unrealistic that
the UK and France continue to be the
permanent members, while the same
status is denied to India.
2. In terms of population, India is
the second largest country in the
world after China. India is also the
largest democracy in the world. Since
her independence, India has dis-
played commitment to human rights,
rule of law, and respect for the
sovereignty and equality of nations,
the very principles the UN stands for.
3. India has made huge contri-
bution to the fulfilment of the aims
and objectives of the UN. India has
opposed colonialism and racialism
and supported the peaceful settle-
ment of international disputes and
the cause of global peace and disar-
mament. She has been elected seven
times as non-permanent member of
Security Council, and has discharged
her responsibility in an effective man-
ner. India’s contribution to the peace-
keeping activities is impressive. India
is the third largest contributor of
peacekeeping forces of UN.
4. In last 20 years or so, India has
emerged as the leading player in the
management of global affairs. She is
now the member of G-20 group of
leading economies of the world. India
has been playing a leading role in
climate change and world trade nego-
tiations. India is one of the five
outreach members invited for consul-
tation in G-8 Summits on regular
basis. India is also one of the core
members of BRICS (Brazil, Russia,
India, China and South Africa), which
is projected to outpace the western
economies by the year 2050.
As far as India’s membership is
concerned, four out of five permanent
members except China have cate-
gorically supported her claim. Thus,
at present, China’s opposition is the
major hurdle in realizing India’s
dream of permanent membership of
the Security Council. In 2016, China
has already opposed India’s mem-
bership to the Nuclear Suppliers
group. To deal with Chinese opposi-
tion is the litmus test for Indian
diplomacy.
P.Darpan
 Personality Development
Breaking Free from the Past
Only a ghost wallows around
in his past, explaining himself with
self-descriptors based on a life lived
through. You are what you choose
today, not what you’ve chosen before.
Self-descriptors are not in them-
selves inappropriate, but that can be
used in harmful ways. The very act of
labeling might be a specific deterrent
to growth. It’s easy to use the label as
justification for remaining the same.
Soren Kierkegaard wrote, “Once you
label me, you negate me.” When the
individual must live up to the label,
the self ceases to exist. The same is
true of self-labels. You could be nega-
ting yourself by identifying with your
trademarks, rather than your own
potential for growth.
All self-labels come out of an
individual’s history. But the past, as
Carl Sandburg and in Prairie “is a
bucket of ashes.”
Check yourself on the extent to
which you are chained to your past.
All self-defeating ‘I’ms’ are the result
of the use of these four neurotic
sentences :
1. “That’s me.”
2. “I’ve always been that way.”
3. “I can’t help it.”
4. “That’s my nature.”
There they are in one little
package. The connectors that keep
you from growing, changing and
making your life (from this instant
on-which is all the life you have) new,
exciting and heaped with present-
moment fulfilment. I know of a
grandmother who, each Sunday when
she has the family over for dinner,
decides exactly how much each
person will eat by deliberately
portioning out plants to her own
specifications. She gives each person
two slices of meat, a spoonful of peas,
a clump of potatoes, and on and on.
When asked, “Why do you do that ?
”She responds with, “Oh, I’ve always
been that way.” Why ? Because
“That’s just the way I am.” Grandma’s
rationale for her behaviour is her
own label which comes from a past
PD/January/2018/77 “You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.”
of always having behaved in that
manner.
Some people will actually use all
four sentences in one shot when
confronted with their behaviour. You
might ask someone why he always
gets upset when the subject of
accidents arises and he is likely to
respond, “Oh, that’s just me, I’ve
always been that way . I really can’t
help it, it’s just my nature.” Whew !
All four at once, and each being used
as an explanation for why he will
never be different and never even
consider changing.
You I’ms which describe self-
canceling behaviour can be traced to
something that you’ve learned in the
past, And every time you use one of
these four sentences you are really
saying, “And I intend to continue
being the way I’ve always been.”
You can bring to unknot the
ropes that link you to your past and
eliminate the fruitless sentences
which are spoken to keep you just as
you’ve always been.
Self-nagging is a negative and
destructive trait. It stems from your
habit of picturing yourself as a failure
and an unworthy person. In short,
you have been painting your image
in dark and dismal colours. With
the passage of time you have come to
accept this image as final. In con-
sequence, all your actions and
emotions are in tune with this self-
image.
If you have been picturing your-
self as a failure, you will find a way
to fail, even it good chances come
your way. If you feed yourself upon
the theory that you are born under
unluckly stars, your actions will
somehow prove that you are indeed
a victim of cruel fate. Your self-image
is the cornerstone of your personality.
Sometime back, I was asked to
coach two girl students who were
aspiring to join the medical profes-
sion. One of them believed that she
was capable of mastering the English
Language whereas the other thought
that she would never be able to do
that. The former got through with
—I. M. Soni
flying colours, whereas the latter got
plucked twice.
As in the case of the second girl,
the trouble lies in your own evalua-
tion of yourself. If you were to be told
that you are a negative person and a
failure because you ‘think’ you can-
not succeed, you would look skepti-
cally at the informant.
Yet, there is nothing to despair.
You can change your self-image. Age
is no bar to this self-improvement.
Old and young alike can start a new
and more rewarding and creative
life. This is to be accomplished, not
because it will earn you more money,
though it may, but because it makes
you feel a richer and emotionally
fuller being.
Before you set about the task of
changing your self-image, it is essen-
tial for you to have some idea of what
personality implies. According to
Prescott Locky, a pioneer in self-
image psychology, “Personality is a
system of ideas, all of which must be
‘seen’ to be consistent with each
other.”
He maintains that ideas not in
tune with the ‘system’ are rejected,
while those which ‘seem’ consistent
are accepted. The final choice of
rejecting or accepting the ideas rests
with your self-image, i.e., your own
conception of yourself.
To get rid of labels like ‘failure’
and ‘unlucky’ you have to bring
about a radical change in your self-
conception. In short, you have to
change the very definition of your-
self.
How to set about the task ? The
first essential is to realize that your
self-image is not constant, sometimes
it is bright and at other times dark. A
minor success or overcoming some
hurdle brightens it, whereas a minor
disappointment blurs its.
Does it prove anything ? It
proves that good deal of your image
of yourself depends upon past failures
and successes. The imprint left by
these is so important that it uncons-
ciously enters your present and
shadows your future. To avoid this
you have to nourish your mind on
past successes, however insigni-
ficant.
If past failure befogs the mind,
you have to be mercilessly objective
with yourself, ask yourself some hard
and unpleasant questions. “Is the
image I project to others in harmony
with what I think of myself in the
depth of my mind ?” Do I have
complete faith in myself or do I really
distrust myself ?” Did I, in the past,
let opportunities pass by me in the
hope that some day my luck will take
a turn ?”
The answers to these questions
will reveal that your outer and inner
image have been in conflict, that you
had never put faith in yourself, and
that opportunity after opportunity
was left off under the spurious plea
of ‘bad luck’. In a nutshell, you have
not been true to yourself.
You have to be assertive and
insistent, unmindful of the envy,
mockery and malevolence that you
may come from friends and foes. In
this respect, you are like a boxer who
is given all possible training before
the crucial bout, but once in the ring,
it is his faith in his own ability to fight
that sustains his morale. Remember
you are your best strength.
Mere knowledge of the fact that
you are your best strength will serve
no useful purposes unless it is backed
up by a strong will. Your will is
nothing short of irresistible. Once you
make up your mind, mountains
become mere hills, difficulties vanish
as if driven by a magic wand. Human
will has done miracles : swamps and
forests have bloomed into lush
orchards, mighty and destructive
rivers have been tamed to the service
of mankind. Napoleon’s famous
words, “there will be no Alps” prove
secret of all individual achievement.
Use a bit of this resolution to change
your image. The rest follows as a
matter of course.
After resolution comes action.
The most important thing to bear in
mind is to set in such a way that
success or failure stem, not so much
from external circumstances, as from
within yourself. Lack of confidence
results in failure, acting and behaving
as though you expected nothing
but success, actually materializes in
success. Norman Vincent Peale, in the
inspiring book. The Power of Positive
Thinking says, “Feelings of confi-
dence and success depend upon the
PD/January/2018/78 “If you’re not using your smile, you’re like a man with a million dollars in the bank and no checkbook.”
type of thoughts that habitually
occupy your mind. Think defeat and
you are bound to be defeated But
precise thinking confi-dent thoughts,
make it a dominating habit, and you
will develop such a strong sense of
capacity that regardless of what
difficulties arise you will be able to
overcome them.”
The way you talk about yourself
has a deep and direct bearing upon
your self-image. If you keep on
making derogatory remarks about
yourself, these are sure to sink in
your subconscious, making you look
an unworthy person in your own
estimation.
Expressions like, “I have full
faith in my misfortune,” “I was born
under unlucky stars.” “I know
nothing can change my luck.” are
sure indications of your worth-
lessness, so far as you are concerned
with yourself.
To get rid of this negativeness
and creeping sense of failure, start
with saying a few good things about
yourself. Since your image cannot
be overhauled overnight, a small
beginning can be made. Just do this
for a couple of times in a day.
Make a start with your person.
See which feature you think is
handsome. Say aloud to yourself that
there is a trace of handsomeness in
you. Now find something good about
your job, about your friends, think of
the kindness they have shown to you.
In short, say something hopeful and
bright about people and things that
concern you directly. Since the nega-
tive and the positive cannot exist
together in the mind, the negative
will have to give way to the positive.
You find it quite difficult to do it
in the initial stages because your
mind has been in love with the dark
and the dismal. But you have to draw
upon your resolution to say positive
things. The best and the easiest way is
to be ready with a positive one. For
example, you are tempted to say
something about your inability to
do something; counter it at once by
saying ‘struggle is the law of growth’,
‘character is built in the storm and
stress of the world.”
Another factor which can help
you a great deal is the integration of
your personality. So far, you have
been living with resentments and
tormenting doubts that tend to pull
your personality in different direc-
tions. You have to integrate it by
getting rid of the crippling handicaps.
Resentment is an expression of
self-pity. A colleague of mine who
has not yet rounded the sharp
angularities of his personality, often
says, “Life has been very unkind to
me.” Though calm and composed on
the surface, he is virtually seething
with resentment within. Just get into
his way and hell is let loose for you.
The truth is that he is living on
bitterness which is eating his heart
away. He knows it, but makes no
effort to get rid of it. Little wonder he
is a failure in his own eyes.
This attitude of resentfulness and
helplessness has to be met with a
more charitable and resourceful one.
You have to refuse to identify your-
self with such an attitude. Make no
mistake. It is not going to disappear
by itself. Just tear yourself apart from
it. Watch this self creating scenes and
fussing over trifles and you realize its
immaturity.
Regrets can be rewarding only if
they help prevent the follies once
committed, or inspire you to more
constructive and creative activity in
the future. If they just make you
brood and hinder action, they are
dangerous. They depress, sadden,
and fill you with anger.
The first step is to cultivate the
spirit of gratitude. This can be done
by concentrating on the present
rather than dwelling on the dead
past. Another is to remind yourself
that life has not come to an end.
There is so much of it left. Why not
utilize it in more constructive ways ?
Once this has entered your mind,
think your account with the past
settled once for all.
It may not be easy in the begin-
ning but with practice the mind gets
used to it and undergoes the neces-
sary adjustment. It will substitute
regrets with rewards.
To complete the transformation,
you have to cultivate the ability to
motivate yourself, to discover zest for
achievement without leaning on
anyone for aid. To do that you have
to practise a simple exercise : keep on
reminding yourself of your aim.
Never get it lost from your inner
vision. Keep on telling yourself what
tremendous benefits would flow to
you if the transformation is com-
pleted. In this way, you will not only
generate zest for improvement but
overcome spells of discouragement
also.
P.Darpan
 U S
FO
C Bharatmala
Bharatmala Pariyojana is a new
umbrella programme for the high-
ways sector that focuses on optimiz-
ing efficiency of freight and passen-
ger movement across the country by
bridging critical infrastructure gaps
through effective interventions like
development of Economic Corridors,
Inter Corridors and Feeder Routes,
National Corridor Efficiency
Improvement, Border and Inter-
national connectivity roads, Coastal
and Port connectivity roads and
Green-field expressways. A total of
around 24,800 kms are being consi-
dered in Phase I. In addition, Phase I
also includes 10,000 kms of balance
road works under National High-
ways Development Programme. Esti-
mated outlay for Phase I of Bharat-
mala is 5,35,000 crores spread over
5 years (2017-18 to 2021-22). The
objective of the programme is optimal
resource allocation for a holistic
highway development/improvement
initiative.
India has about 54·82 lakh km of
road network, which is the second
largest in the world in terms of length.
Out of this National Highways
(114158 kms) constitute about 2.08%
of the total road network, but carry
about 40% of the total road traffic.
National Highways Develop-
ment Programme (NHDP), one of its
kind first big initiatives, was laun-
ched in 1998 with the objective of
developing roads of international
standards which facilitate smooth
flow of traffic. It envisages creation of
roads with enhanced safety features,
better riding surface, grade separator
and other salient features.
NHDP is being implemented by
National Highways Authority of
India (NHAI), an organisation under
the aegis of Ministry of Road, Trans-
port and Highways. The programme
is being implemented in the follow-
ing seven phases;
● Phase I : Phase I consists of
Golden Quadrilateral network
comprising a total length of
5,846 km which connects the
PD/January/2018/79 “Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear—not absence of fear.”
four major cities of Delhi,
Chennai, Mumbai & Kolkata and
981 km of North-South and East-
West corridor. NS-EW corridor
connects Srinagar in the north to
Kanyakumari in the south and
Silchar in the east to Porbandar
in the west. Phase I also includes
improving connectivity to ports.
● Phase II : Phase II covers
6,161 km of the NS-EW corridor
(The total NS-EW corridor con-
sists of 7,142 km) and 486 km of
other NHs.
● Phase III : Four-laning of
12,109 km of high density
national highways connecting
state capitals and places of eco-
nomic, commercial and tourist
importance.
● Phase IV : Upgradation of
20,000 km of single-lane roads to
two-lane standards with paved
shoulders.
● Phase V : Six-laning of 6,500 km
of four-laned highways.
● Phase VI : Construction of
1,000 km of expressways con-
necting major commercial and
industrial townships.
● Phase VII : Construction of ring
roads, bypasses, underpasses,
flyovers, etc. comprising 700 km
of road network.
NHDP had aggregate length of
55,792 kms. Out of this, 30,108 kms
have been completed already and
another 4,900 kms will be completed
by the end of March 31, 2018. The
balance is 20,784 kms against which
projects for 6,399 kms are under
implementation. Of the remaining
14,385 kms, 4,385 kms are a part of
Bharatmala Component like Corri-
dors/Expressways. Unfinished out-
standing stretches of 10,000 kms
will be subsumed in Bharatmala and
implemented as an integrated pro-
gramme.
Bharatmala
The National Highways Deve-
lopment Programme (NHDP), has
—Dr. S.S.S. Chauhan
reached a certain level of maturity. It
is now important to re-define road
development and have a macro
approach while planning expansion
of the national highways network.
The focus has to be on recasting road
development by bridging critical
infrastructure gaps.
Bharatmala, originally conceived
on July 31, 2015, was finally given
nod by Union Cabinet on October 25,
2017.It has been launched as a new
umbrella programme whose primary
focus is on optimizing the efficiency
of the movement of goods and people
across the country. This programme
envisages a corridor approach in
place of the existing package-based
approach which has, in many cases,
resulted in skewed development. The
implementation of Bharatmala project
will put 250 more districts on four-
lane highway map, connecting a total
of 550 districts, apart from decon-
gesting cities, con-necting ports and
economic corridors.
Prospects and Potentials of
Bharatmala
Bharatmala will give the country
50 national corridors as opposed to
the 6 India has at present. With this,
70–80 per cent of freight will move
along National Highways as against
the 40 per cent at present. The pro-
gramme will help to connect 550
Districts in the country through
National Highways linkages.
Currently, only around 300 Districts
of the country have National High-
ways linkages. Bharatmala will also
have a positive impact on the Logistic
Performance Index (LPI) of the
country. Apart from this, the pro-
gramme will also help generate a
large number of direct and indirect
employment in the construction
activity, the development of high-
ways amenities and also as part of
the enhanced economic activity in
different parts of the country that will
result from better road connectivity.
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3'-DQXDU\ “Let bravery be thy choice, but not bravado.”


expansion, construction of ring roads,
bypasses / elevated corridors and
logistics parks at identified points.
Around 5,000 kms of the National
Corridor will be taken up in Phase-I
of Bharatmala at an estimated cost of
100,000 crore.
The programme has identified
around 26,200 km of Economic
Corridors or routes that have heavy
freight traffic, of which 9,000 kms
are being taken up for development
PD/January/2018/81 “The only courage that matters is the kind that gets you from one moment to the next.”
in Phase-I at an estimated cost of
1,20,000 crore. It is planned to
develop these corridors end to end to
ensure seamless and speedy travel
and uniformity in standards. Besides
this, around 8,000 km of Inter-
Corridors and around 7,500 km of
Feeder Corridors have also been
identified under Bharatmala, of which
around 6000 km will be developed
in Phase I at an estimated cost of
80,000 crore. Stretches of roads
connecting more than 2 corridors are
classified as Inter-Corridors routes,
while other routes connecting to 1 or
2 corridors are termed as Feeder
Corridors. These corridors will be
developed so as to address the infra-
structure asymmetry that exists at
many places.
Bharatmala also envisages build-
ing 3300 kms of Border Roads of
strategic importance along inter-
national boundaries and 2000 km of
International Connectivity roads to
promote trade with Nepal, Bhutan,
Bangladesh and Myanmar. Out of
this around 2000 km will be taken up
under Phase-I at an estimated cost of
25,000 crore.
In addition to the above, around
2,100 km of coastal roads and 2000
km of port connectivity roads have
been identified under Bharatmala of
which 2,000 kms are being taken up
under Phase-I at an estimated cost of
20,000 crore. About 1,900 km of
stretches have been identified for
development of green-field express-
ways of which around 800 kms will
be taken up under Phase-I of the
programme at an estimated cost of
40,000 crore. The 10,000 km of
balance road work under NHDP will
be completed at a cost of 1,50,000
crore.
The identification of the project
stretches under the various com-
ponents of Bharatmala has been done
based on detailed O-D(Origin-
Destination) study, freight flow
projections and verification of the
identified infrastructure gaps through
geo mapping, using data from
Bhaskaracharya Institute for Space
Applications and Geo-Informatics
(BISAG) as well as from other sources.
This O-D study has also taken into
account integration of economic
corridors with the ongoing projects
under NHDP and infrastructure
asymmetry in major corridors.
In addition to 5,35,000 crore for
Bharatmala Phase-I, there is a
requirement of 1,57,324 crore for
ongoing schemes like NH(O), Special
Accelerated Road Development
Programme in North East (SARDP-
NE) , Externally Aided Projects (EAP)
and Left Wing Extremism Affected
Areas projects (LWE) under imple-
mentation in the Highways Sector.
Continued on Page 110
 Sociological Article
Empowerment of Minorities : Key
Initiatives of Central Government
Empowerment of minority com-
munities is one of the key agendas
of central government. Educational
development of backward minority
communities is a corner stone of this
agenda. The Government has been
successful in bringing the poor, back-
ward and weaker sections of the
minorities into the mainstream of the
development through ‘3E’-Education,
Employment and Empowerment.
Central government emphasizes on
‘Empowerment without Appease-
ment’ policy which has created an
“atmosphere of development and
trust” among minorities. There were
initially 7 schemes for the welfare of
minorities. Subsequently, a number
of welfare schemes were launched by
the Ministry. At present 22 welfare
schemes are being implemented by
the Ministry of Minorities. Important
initiatives of the Ministry of Minori-
ties are following :
‘Nai Roshni’ : Scheme for
Leadership Development of
Minority Women
Ministry of Minority Affairs
implements an exclusive scheme ‘Nai
Roshni’ for Leadership Development
of Minority women with an aim to
empower and instill confidence in
minority women by providing know-
ledge, tools and techniques for inter-
acting with Government systems,
banks and intermediaries at all levels.
The leadership training modules
cover issues and rights of women,
relating to education, employment,
livelihood etc. under the Constitution
and various Acts; opportunities,
facilities and services available under
schemes and programmes of the
Central Government and State
Government, Health and Hygiene,
Legal rights of women, Financial
Literacy, Digital Literaracy, Swachch
Bharat, Life Skills and Advocacy for
Social and Behavioural change.
PD/January/2018/82 “Every time you smile at someone, it is an action of love, a gift to that person, a beautiful thing.”
Educational Development
I. Establishment of World class
educational institutions : Modi
Government is committed to
providing quality education to
students belonging to Minority
communities and keeping this in
mind, the Ministry of Minority
Affairs is establishing 5 world
class educational institutions
which will provide education
in technical, medical, Ayurved,
Unani etc. fields across the
country. A high-level committee,
constituted on 10th January, 2017
to frame roadmap including
places where these institutes will
be established, will soon submit
its report. The target is to start
academic session in these insti-
tutes from 2018. GoI has pro-
posed 40 per cent reservation for
girls in these institutions.
II. Establishment of Navoday
Vidyalaya type schools : About
100 Navoday Vidyalaya type
schools will also be opened in
Minority concentrated areas in
the coming months.
III. ‘Tehrike Taleem’ : To ensure
better education to every person
belonging to poor sections a
campaign ‘Tehrike Taleem’ is
being launched, under which
every needy person will be
provided resources and facilities.
IV. Begum Hazrat Mahal Scholar-
ship : During 2014-15 to 2016-
17, scholarships worth 4740
crore were given to 1·82 crore
students. 116 crore were given
to 32,705 students under free
coaching scheme for competitive
exams, while 166 crore were
distributed among 1,38,426 girl
students under Begum Hazrat
Mahal Scholarship. Money for
all these scholarships has been
transferred directly into bank
accounts of the students through
Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)
—Dr. Radha Parmar
mode leaving no room for any
leakage.
Maulana Azad National
Fellowship
The Maulana Azad National
Fellowship (MANF) for Minority
Students was launched on 11 April,
2009 as a Central Sector Scheme (CSS).
The Scheme is implemented through
University Grants Commission
(UGC). 100% Central Assistance is
provided under the Scheme. The
objective of the Maulana Azad
National Fellowship is to provide five
year fellowships in the form of
financial assistance to students from
notified minority communities, as
notified by the Central Government
to pursue higher studies such as
M.Phil and Ph.D. The fellowship
covers all Universities/Institutions
recognized by the University Grants
Commission (UGC).
Naya Savera-Free Coaching
and Allied Scheme
The “Free Coaching and Allied
Scheme for the candidates belonging
to minority communities” was laun-
ched by Ministry of Minority Affairs
w.e.f. 17.7.2007. The objective of the
scheme is to enhance skills and know-
ledge of students and candidates from
minority communities to get employ-
ment in Government Sector/Public
Sector Undertaking, jobs in private
sector, and admission in reputed
institutions in technical and profes-
sional courses at undergraduate and
post-graduate levels. Under the
Scheme, financial assistance is pro-
vided for free coaching in selected
reputed Coaching Institutions to pre-
pare minority students for competi-
tive examinations for professional
Courses and government jobs.
● Beneficiaries’ annual family
income should not exceed 3·00
lakh per annum.
● Admissible coaching fee (paid to
NGOs) :
 * Group ‘A’ services
: Maximum 20,000
* Group ‘B’ services
: Maximum 20,000
* Group ‘C’ services
: Maximum 15,000
* Entrance examination for
Technical/Professional courses
: Maximum 20,000
● For students Stipend @ 3000
for outstation candidates and
@ 1,500 for local candidates.
Nai Udaan
The scheme of Nai Udaan sup-
port for Minority Students clearing
Prelims conducted by Union Public
Service Commission, Staff Selection
Commission, State Public Service
Commissions etc. was launched in
2013-14.
The objective of the Scheme is to
provide financial support to the
minority candidates clearing prelims
conducted by Union Public Service
Commission, Staff Selection Com-
mission and State Public Service
Commissions to adequately equip
them to compete for appointment to
Civil Services in the Union and the
State Governments and to increase
the representation of the minority in
the Civil Services by giving direct
financial support to candidates
clearing Preliminary Examination of
Group A and B (Gazetted and non-
Gazetted) posts of Union Public
Service Commission (UPSC); State
Public Service Commissions (SPSCs)
and Staff Selection Commission (SSC)
etc.
To be eligible, total family income
of the candidates from all sources
should not exceed 4·5 lakh per
annum. The financial support can be
availed by a candidate only once. The
candidate will not be eligible to
benefit from any other similar
Scheme of the Central or State
Governments/UT Administrations.
Every year up to a maximum of
800 candidates are given financial
support under the scheme
throughout the country on fulfilling
the eligibility crtieria. The rate of
financial assistance is maixmum
Fifty thousand only ( 50,000 for
Gazetted Post and 25,000 for Non-
Gazetted Post) as support to the
PD/January/2018/83/6
minority candidates who have
cleared the Prelims conducted by
Union Public Service Commission;
Staff Selection Commissions or State
Public Service Commissions etc. for
Group ‘A’ and ‘B’ Civil Services.
Padho Pardesh
The objective of the Scheme is to
award interest subsidy to meritorious
students belonging to economically
weaker sections of notified minority
communities so as to provide them
better opportunities for higher
education abroad and enhance their
employability. The interest subsidy
under the scheme is available to the
eligible students only once, either for
Masters or Ph.D. levels. The student
should have secured admission in the
approved courses at Masters, M.Phil
or Ph.D. levels abroad for the courses.
To be eligible, total income from all
sources of the employed candidate or
his/her parents/guardians in case of
unemployed candidate shall not
exceed 6·00 lakh per annum. One
beneficiary from a family is eligible
and one time award is given.
Interest payable by the students
availing of the education loans from
the banks for the period of mora-
torium (i.e., course period, plus one
year or six months after getting job,
whichever is earlier) as prescribed
under the Education Loan Scheme of
the IBA, shall be borne by the
Government of India. After the
period of moratorium is over, the
interest on the outstanding loan
amount shall be paid by the student,
in accordance with the existing
Educational Loan Scheme of bank as
may be amended from time to time.
The Candidate bears the principal
installments and interest beyond
moratorium period.
Nai Manzil : An Integrated
Education and Livelihood
Initiative for the Minority
Communities
Nai Manzil is a new initiative of
the GoI. It was launched on 8 August,
2015 at Patna, Bihar. The scheme aims
to benefit the minority youths who
do not have a formal school leaving
certificate, i.e., those in the category of
school-dropouts or educated in the
community education institutions
like the Madarsas, in order to provide
“When times are tough, dare to be tougher.”
them formal education and skills, and
enable them to seek better employ-
ment in the organized sector and thus
to equip them for better lives.
Scheme has been approved with
the cost of 650·00 crore for five
years. 50% funding has to come from
the World Bank. The World Bank has
approved the funding of US $ 50
million.
This is for the first time in the
history of minority welfare program-
mes when World Bank has agreed
to support such a programme. This
scheme is also significant as it com-
bines the education as well as skills
for school dropouts which will
significantly enhance their employ-
ability.
‘Seekho aur Kamao’ (Learn &
Earn) Skill Development
Initiative for Minorities
Ministry of Minority Affairs has
launched ‘Seekho aur Kamao (Learn
& Earn)’, a placement linked Skill
Development scheme for Minorities
in 2013. The scheme aims to upgrade
the skills of minority youth in various
modern/ traditional skills depending
upon their qualification, present eco-
nomic trends and market potential,
which can earn them suitable employ-
ment or make them suitably skilled to
go for self-employment.
The scheme is implemented
through Selected Project Implement-
ing Agencies (PIAs). Under the
scheme, Modular Employable Skills
(MES) approved by National Council
of Vocational Training (NCVT) are
taken up. In addition, traditional
skills being practiced by the minority
communities are also taken up for
up-gradation and market linkages.
The scheme ensures placements of
minimum 75% trainees, out of which
at least 50% placement is in organized
sector.
USTTAD : Upgrading the
Skills and Training in Tradi-
tional Arts/Crafts for Deve-
lopment
“USTTAD (Upgrading the Skills
and Training in Traditional Arts/
Crafts for Development)” a new
initiative as announced in the Budget
Speech 2014-15, was formally
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 Economic Article
India in Global Ranking
India Ranks Poorly at 133 in
Global Youth Development
Index-2016
India has ranked very poorly at
133 in a new Global Youth Develop-
ment Index compiled by the Com-
monwealth Secretariat on the coun-
tries’ prospects for young people in
employment, education, health, civic
and political spheres. India ranked
133rd in the index covering 183
nations, below neighbouring coun-
tries like Nepal (77), Bhutan (69) and
Sri Lanka (31) and trailing behind the
South Asian average. However, the
released report found that it has
registered an 11 per cent improve-
ment in scores over the last five years,
highlighting the need for greater
investment to reap the so-called
demographic dividend.
Abhik Sen, the lead author of the
‘2016 Global Youth Development
Index’ report has expressed the view
that while India’s overall rank is
relatively low, it has registered an
impressive improvement of nearly 11
per cent in its youth development
scores during the period between
2010 and 2015. The research for this
report also shows that youth develop-
ment levels in India lag particularly
in the domains of health, education
and employment. Report makes hope
that the improvements in these
sectors will give India a much better
chance of reaping a handsome demo-
graphic dividend. The improvement
in India’s score between 2010 and
2015 is explained by a significant rise
in the proportion of young people
with an account at a formal financial
institution (58 per cent increase),
reduction in the adolescent fertility
rate (29 per cent fall), adoption of a
new youth policy, and improvement
in the gross secondary enrollment
rate (9 per cent rise).
The report highlights that India
accounts for nearly 20 per cent of the
global youth population, with nearly
345 million young people between
PD/January/2018/85 “The highest art is always the most religious, and the greatest artist is always a devout person.”
the ages of 15 and 30 living in the
country.This makes India one of the
countries currently experiencing the
most significant ‘youth bulge’ with
nearly 27 per cent of its total popu-
lation made up of young people. The
areas where improvements are called
for include education, employment
opportunity and health and well
being. In India, one in every three
children (31 per cent) is not enrolled
in secondary schools, against a global
score for the same indicator of 19
per cent. In the field of employment
opportunities, India trails behind the
rest of the world significantly, rank-
ing 152nd.
The top 10 countries on the index
are largely from Europe—Germany
(1), Denmark (2), Switzerland (4),
United Kingdom (5), Netherlands
(6), Austria (7), Luxembourg (8), Por-
tugal (9)—with Australia (3) and
Japan (10) as the two exceptions.
30% of Very Poor Children
Live in India : UNICEF
According to a new report by
World Bank Group and UNICEF,
‘Ending Extreme Poverty : A Focus
on Children, India is home to over
30% of almost 385 million children
living in extreme poverty, the highest
in south Asia. Report said children
are more than twice as likely as adults
to live in extreme poverty. In 2013,
19·5% of children in developing
nations were living in households that
survived on an average of US $ 1·90 a
day or less per person, compared to
just 9·2% of adults. Globally, almost
385 million children are living in
extreme poverty.
The report further said sub-
Saharan Africa has both the highest
rates of children living in extreme
poverty at just under 50%, and the
largest share of the world’s extremely
poor children, at just over 50%.
“South Asia has the second highest
share at nearly 36% with over 30% of
extremely poor children in India
alone,” it said, adding that four out of
five children in extreme poverty live
in rural areas.
Besides, the report said children
are disproportionately affected as
they make up around a third of the
population studied but half of the
extreme poor. The youngest are the
most at risk with more than one-fifth
of children under the age of five in
the developing world living in extre-
mely poor households. In UNICEF
viewpoint, the effects of poverty are
most damaging to children and they
are the worst off and the youngest
children are the worst off of all.
India Second Most Unequal
Country in the World : Global
Wealth Report-2016
According to Global Wealth
Report 2016 compiled by Credit
Suisse Research Institute, India is the
second most unequal country in the
world with the top one per cent of
the population owning nearly 60% of
the total wealth. The gap between the
world’s haves and have-nots does not
appear to be getting any narrower and
a mere 0·7% of the global population
owns nearly half the world’s wealth.
The report identified Russia as the
world’s most unequal country with a
huge 74·5% of the nation’s wealth
controlled by the richest 1% of people.
Report concludes that in India and
Thailand the top 1% own 58·4% and
58% of the wealth, while the figure
was 47·9 for Brazil and 43·8 for China.
Switzerland remained as the
wealthiest country in the world, per
capita. Overall wealth inequality was
a major issue in almost every part of
the world. “While the bottom half
collectively own less than 1 per cent
of total wealth, the wealthiest top
10% own 89% of all global assets.”
It has been estimated that 9% of
adults globally are net debtors, which
is without a doubt a worrying deve-
lopment. 80% of adults in India and
Africa belong to the bottom half of
the global wealth distribution.”
 The contrast between China and
India may also come as a surprise,
given their similarities in terms of
huge populations and rapid growth.
Their representation in the global
bottom half is very different, and the
discrepancy is even greater in the
bottom quintile which covers 31% of
Indians but only 7% of Chinese.
The personal wealth in India is
dominated by property and other real
assets, which make up 86% of esti-
mated household assets. Wealth has
been rising in India butthis growth
benefit is not shared by everyone in
the country.
Corruption Perception Index-
2016
No country gets close to a perfect
score in the Corruption Perception
Index 2016 which is a measure of the
malpractices in various countries of
the world by a global watch dog-
Transparency International. Over
two-thirds of the 176 countries and
territories in 2016’s index fall below
the midpoint of TI’s scale of 0 (highly
corrupt) to 100 (very clean). The
global average score is a paltry 43,
indicating endemic corruption in a
country’s public sector. Top-scoring
countries are far outnumbered by the
corrupt countries where citizens face
the tangible impact of corruption on a
daily basis. This year’s results high-
light the connection between corrup-
tion and inequality, which feed off
each other to create a vicious circle
between corruption, unequal distri-
bution of power in society and
unequal distribution of wealth.
India has nothing much to cheer
about, when it comes to its rating in
Transparency.
International’s Corruption Per-
ception Index (CPI), 2016. The
country’s rank has moved down from
76 to 79. Here, with a score of 40, a
slight improvement over 38 scored in
last year's index, India's performance
is not promising. If it is any consola-
tion, India shares this rank and score
with its BRIC counterparts, Brazil and
China. Russia, at rank 131 and a score
of 29, trails behind keeping company
with India’s neighbour Nepal. Among
the Asia-Pacific countries, Singapore
leads by standing at seventh position
globally. The lower-ranked countries
in CPI are plagued by untrustworthy
PD/January/2018/86 “The things I want to know are in books; my best friend is the man who’ll get me a book I ain’t read.”
and badly functioning public institu- ing gaps in human development will
tions like the police and judiciary. be crucial in ensuring the success of
Even where anti-corruption laws are Agenda 2030.
on the books, in practice they’re often
skirted or ignored.
India Stood at 131 in Human
Development Index 2016
India ranks 131 out of 188 coun-
tries on the Human Development
Index (HDI), 2016 prepared by the
United Nations Development Pro-
gramme (UNDP). The country has
jumped four positions over a five-
year period, from 2010 to 2015. India
is now classified in the category of
‘medium’ human development, com-
pared to the ‘low’ category in the
1990s, because of factors such as an
increase in life expectancy and mean
years of schooling in the past 25
years.
Norway leads the 2016 ranking
followed by Australia, Switzerland,
Germany and Denmark. With an HDI
value of 0.624, India is behind other
Asian countries such as Sri Lanka and
the Maldives.
The bad news for India in the
Human Development Report 2016 is
that regional disparities in education, India Slips to 92nd Rank on
health and living standards have Global Talent Competitive-
reduced the country’s HDI value by ness in 2017
27 per cent, from 0·624 to 0·454. The India has slipped 3 places to 92nd
report estimates the gini-coefficient, a rank on the global index of talent
measure of inequality, in India at competitiveness that measures how
35·2. But according to the report, rela- countries grow, attract and retain
tive global inequality has declined talent, a list topped by Switzerland.
steadily over the past few decades, India's ranking is worst among the
“driven by declining inequality five BRICS countries. While China
between countries arising from the was ranked at the 54th place, Russian
extraordinary economic growth in, Federation was placed at 56th,
primarily, China and India.” followed by South Africa at 67th and
Improvement in India’s ranking Brazil 81st.
over the past decades reflects impro- Switzerland topped the overall
vements in life expectancy and mean index, followed by Singapore and the
years of schooling in the past 25 United Kingdom in second and third
years. The estimates presented in the places respectively, in the list released
report show life expectaxncy in India on January 16, 2017 by INSEAD Pro-
at birth is 68·3 years with mean years duced in partnership with The Adecco
of schooling at 6·3 years. For women, Group and the Human Capital
the life expectancy is higher at 69·9 Leadership Institute of Singapore
years, while for men it is 66·9 years. (HCLI). Others in the top 10 include
But mean years of schooling for the United States (4th), Sweden (5th),
women is lower at 4·8 years, against Australia (6th), Luxembourg (7th),
8·2 years for men. On the gender Denmark (8th), Finland (9th) and
inequality index, India ranks 125. Norway (10th).
The success of national develop- In 2016, India came in at 89th on
ment programmes like Skill India, the index. The report noted that the
Digital India, Make in India and Beti BRICS countries are not getting
Bachao Beti Padhao aimed at bridg- stronger and both China and India
have slipped from their year-ago
rankings. Although, China attains an
impressive 4th place in the sub-pillar
of Talent Impact and is solid in the
Grow pillar mainly supported by
good formal education (23rd) and
lifelong learning (20th), the shortage
of vocational and technical skills
shows up clearly.
While India stood on a relatively
solid pool of global knowledge skills
compared with other emerging
markets, the country is not able to
retain and attract talent. In terms of
retaining and attracting talent, India
was ranked at a lowly 104th and
114th, respectively. This is not likely
to improve until India boosts per-
formance in its regulatory (94th) and
market (99th) landscapes. India has
been able to create a stable pool of
global knowledge skills, but it has
suffered in the ‘Retain’ pillar (104th).
Meanwhile, the index also
released the first-ever global ranking
of cities on the basis of their reputa-
tion and growing footprint in attract-
ing, growing, and retaining global
talent. Mumbai was the only Indian
city that has made it to this coveted
list, topped by Copenhagen. The top
10 global cities in terms of talent
competitiveness include Zurich,
Helsinki, San Francisco, Gothenburg,
Madrid, Paris, Los Angeles, Eind-
hoven and Dublin.
India Ranks 143rd in Econo-
mic Freedom Index : 2017,
Behind Pakistan, Bhutan
India ranked a dismal 143rd in
an annual index of economic freedom
by a top American thinktank, behind
its several South Asian neighbours
including Pakistan, as progress on
market-oriented reforms has been
‘uneven’.
Where does India Stand
● India was ranked 143rd, a slip
from its previous 123rd position
last year. It has been put in the
category of ‘mostly unfree’ eco-
nomies
● Nepal (125), Sri Lanka (112),
Pakistan (141), Bhutan (107), and
Bangladesh (128) surpassed India
in economic freedom.
● Among South Asian countries,
only Afghanistan (163) and Mal-
dives (157) were ranked below
India.
PD/January/2018/87 “To give victory to the right, not bloody bullets, but peaceful ballots only, are necessary.”
● Hong Kong, Singapore and New
Zealand topped the index.
● Despite annual growth of 7 per
cent , the number is not deeply
rooted in policies that preserve
economic freedom.
● However, the think group credi-
ted Prime Minister Narendra
Modi with ‘reinvigorating’
India’s foreign policy.
● The annual index was released
by a conservative US political
thinktank, the Heritage Foun-
dation.
Putting India in the category of
‘mostly unfree’ economies, the con-
servative political think tank said
progress on market-oriented reforms
has been ‘uneven’.
India’s overall score of 52·6
points is 3·6 points less than that of
last year, when India was ranked
123rd. Hong Kong, Singapore and
New Zealand topped the index.
Among South Asian countries, only
Afghanistan (163) and Maldives (157)
were ranked below India. Nepal
(125), Sri Lanka (112), Pakistan (141),
Bhutan (107), and Bangladesh (128)
surpassed India in economic free-
dom. China with a score of 57·4 points
an increase of 5.4 points compared to
previous year was placed at 111
position. The United States was
ranked 17 with 75.1 points.
India Drops to 122 on World
Happiness Index, 2017
India has dropped from 118th to
122nd among 155 countries in the
2017 World Happiness Index, a list-
ing topped by Norway followed by
Denmark and Iceland.
The causes of India's unhappi-
ness are :
● Poor life expectancy
● Job dissatisfaction
● Lack of social support
● Lack of trust in government and
business.
India ranked near the bottom in
the six factors, income, healthy life
expectancy, having someone to count
on in times of trouble, generosity,
freedom and trust, that go into
ranking, even though one of the
metrics, GDP per capita income, has
been improving all the time, proving
again that money does not beget
happiness.
In fact, Pakistan and Bangladesh,
not to speak of China, ranked far
above India in the Happiness Index.
People in the Central African
Republic are unhappiest with their
lives, according to the survey,
followed by Burundi (154), Tanzania
(153), Syria (152) and Rwanda (151).
The Top Ten happy countries are 1.
Norway 2. Denmark 3. Iceland 4.
Switzerland 5. Finland 6. Netherlands
7. Canada 8. New Zealand 9.
Australia 10. Sweden
Published by the United Nations
Sustainable Development Solutions
Network and released at the UN on
March 20, 2017, the Happiness report
also records American decline on the
happiness scale, because of social
issues rather than economic factors.
The United States, which ranked 3rd
among the OECD countries when the
index was first conceived, is now at
14th position, mainly on account of
declining social support, lesser
personal freedom and corruption, the
same factors that put Nordic nations
and countries such as Canada,
Australia, and New Zealand in the
Top Ten.
Happiness research and measure-
ment has gone mainstream ever since
India’s tiny neighbour Bhutan
brought it to the forefront by arguing
that it was more meaningful than
mere economic metrics such as GDP
and inflation. Experts now agree that
other measures, such as social sup-
port, the spirit of generosity, and
freedom of choice, all of which go
into the Happiness index, matter as
well.
How Norway has climbed to the
top (toppling Denmark, a three-time
topper) despite the fall in oil prices
and depressing Nordic weather, offer
some insight into how the index
works and it emphases.
India has Highest Bribery
Rate in Asia Pacific, 2017
India has got the dubious dis-
tinction of having the highest bribery
rate in the Asia Pacific, with a survey
which shows that more than two-
thirds of Indians had to pay ‘tea
money’ or fork out other forms of
bribe to get public services. The
survey, conducted by international
anti-graft rights group Transparency
International, found 69 per cent in
India as saying they had to pay a
bribe, followed by 65 per cent in
Vietnam. China was much lower at
26 per cent while the same for
Pakistan was 40 per cent. Japan had
the lowest incidence of bribery at 0·2
per cent. South Korea also fared well
at a mere 3 per cent. However, it is
China which seems to have seen the
highest increase, with 73 per cent in
the survey saying the bribery has
gone up in their country over the past
year while India comes in at seventh
place (41 per cent)—higher than
countries like Pakistan, Australia,
Japan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and
Thailand.
In the survey of more than 20,000
people in 16 countries spanning the
Asia-Pacific region, an estimated 900
million said they had to pay a bribe
at least once in the past one year.
The police topped the list of public
services most often demanding a
bribe while 38 per cent of the poorest
surveyed said they paid a bribe,
which is the highest proportion of
any income group. The survey asked
people how often they had to pay a
bribe, give a gift, or do a favour,
including for the police, judge or
court officials, teachers, hospital staff
or a government official for getting
some documents or services.
India Jumps 12 Spots in
WEF’s Global Travel and
Tourism Ranking 2017
According to the World Econo-
mic Forum’s Global Travel and
Tourism Competitiveness Report
2017, India has jumped 12 places to
40th rank globally in travel and tour-
ism competitiveness list. India is one
of t h e countries that improved the
most as it gained 12 places in Asia,
but lagged behind its other Asian
peers like Japan and China which
were ranked way ahead at 4th and
13th place, respectively. Spain is
ranked at the top in the list. The
report ranks 136 countries across 14
dimensions, revealing how well coun-
tries could deliver sustainable econo-
mic and societal benefits through
their travel and tourism sector.
Some of the factors that helped
India climb up the ladder include
international openness through strong
policies such as implementing visa on
arrival and e-visas, and improvements
in the country’s ground transport
PD/January/2018/88 “When you have got an elephant by the hind legs and he is trying to run away, it’s best to let him run.”
infrastructure which benefited the ● India has jumped one spot to
travel and tourism sector in the rank 8th in 2017 with 31 per cent
country, it added. of the surveyed respondents being
WEF expressed the view that India more optimistic on economic out-
has seen continued growth in inter- look over the next three years.
national arrivals over the past 15 ● Investors see India as a vast and
years, reaching the 8 million mark in diverse up-and-coming market
2015 and also the country’s vast with plans to increase investments
cultural and natural resources, and its there over the near to medium
price competitiveness advantage also terms.
attracted international tourists. ● Investor confidence in India has
The report, however, noted that been growing steadily over the
though health conditions are improv- last two years, making it one of
ing, they remain ‘inadequate’. Simi- the top two emerging market per-
larly, ICT readiness, security concerns formers on the FDI Index.
and human resources are improving, ● India’s vast domestic market is an
but remain ‘weak’. added attraction for foreign com-
In the global ranking Spain, panies. Investors are looking at
France and Germany were ranked at India’s phenomenal economic
the top three positions, making them performance as a key selling point.
the most tourism friendly economies. ● It is forecast to be the fastest-
Traditional strong travel and tourism growing major economy in the
destinations, including Japan (4th), world in the coming years, which
the United Kingdom (5th), the United should provide a variety of invest-
States (6th), Australia (7th), Italy (8th), ment opportunities to global
Canada (9th) and Switzerland (10th), firms.
have also made it to the top 10.
● Among the investors surveyed,
While advanced economies still over half said a successful GST
hold the top slots, 12 of the top 15
implementation would cause
most improved countries are emerg-
ing markets. them to significantly or mode-
rately increase their investment in
India Jumps to 8th Place on India.
Global FDI Confidence Index, ● More broadly, 70 per cent of the
2017 respondents plan to maintain or
increase their FDI in India in the
India has jumped one spot to 8th
rank in the 2017 A.T. Kearney Foreign coming years.
Direct Investment (FDI) Confidence ● Indian government is considering
Index.The Index is an annual analysis further policy reforms to further
of how political, economic, and boost FDI inflows. A proposal to
regulatory changes will likely affect loosen FDI regulations on the
FDI inflows into countries in the retail sector is being evaluated, in
coming years. The index shows that part to support the country’s Make
investor confidence in India has been in India initiative and bolster the
growing steadily over the last two manufacturing industry, said the
years, making it one of the top two consultancy.
emerging market performers on the ● The government is eliminating the
FDI Index, along with China. need for FDI approvals in sectors
The US topped the FDI Confidence where licenses are also required,
Index, holding its first-place for the such as defence, telecommuni-
fifth year in a row. Germany jumped cations and broadcasting.
two spots to second with China
moving down one position to third. India Ranks 9th Among 41
The UK and Canada have been Countries in Corruption in
ranked at fourth and fifth respec- Business : 2017 Survey
tively.
India ranks ninth among 41
The salient features of the report countries in bribery and corrupt
are as follows : practices in businesses, according to
● The USA topped the list. the findings of a recent survey. Nearly
● Among the emerging economies 78 per cent respondents queried in
India and China were the top two the country said that bribery and
performers. corrupt practices happen widely in
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 Economics Article

India ’s Wealth Soars but Few Benefit : Credit

Suisse Global Wealth Report, 2017
—Dr. Deepti

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Comparing wealth gains across
countries, the United States was
restored to its usual first place with
an increase of US $ 8.5 trillion, which
is five times the growth recorded
by China (US $ 1.7 trillion) in second
place. Four Eurozone countries
(Germany, France, Italy and Spain)
also appear in the top ten. Together
PD/January/2018/100
from 5%–10%. Poland (18%) tops the
list mainly because of equity price
rises, while Israel (16%) and South
Africa (15%) follow close behind
due to exchange-rate appreciation.
Exchange rate movements also
account for the largest percentage
losses suffered by countries: Japan
(– 6%) and Egypt (– 49%).
Wealth Per Adult
Once debts have been subtracted,
a person needed only US $ 3,582 to be
among the wealthiest half of world
citizens in mid-2017. However, US
$ 76,754 is required to be a member of
the top 10% of global wealth holders,
and US $ 770,368 to belong to the top
1%. While the bottom half of adults
collectively own less than 1% of total
they accounted for US $ 3·1 trillion, or
wealth, the richest decile (top 10% of
almost 20% of the total gain world-
adults) owns 88% of global assets,
wide. Very few countries experienced
and the top percentile alone accounts
a decline in total wealth, and only
for half of total household wealth.
two lost more than US $ 100 billion:
Inequalities of wealth are increasing
Egypt (US $ 172 bn) and Japan (US
across the globe.
$ 1·6 trillion). Converted into percen-
tage terms, most countries achieved
increases in a fairly narrow band
Switzerland (US $ 537,600),
Australia (US $ 402,600) and the
United States (US $ 388,600) continue
to occupy the first three positions
in the ranking of wealth per adult.
According to Credit Suisse Research
Institute’s estimates, New Zealand
(US $ 337,400, up US $ 34,500)
has swapped places with Norway
(US $ 320,500, down US $ 15,000),
with Denmark (US $ 281,500, up US $
21,500) moving up three places to
sixth, and Belgium (US $ 278,100, up
US $ 17,200) moving up to seventh.
The United Kingdom (US $ 278,000)
and Singapore (US$ 268,800) both
move two places in the opposite
direction, while France (US $ 263,400)
stays in tenth place.
“To be trusted is a greater compliment than to be loved.”
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3'-DQXDU\ “Where large sums of money are concerned, it is advisable to trust nobody.”
 Career Article

SSB : For Three Wings of the Armed Forces

What ? How ? and Why ?
—J. B. Mall, Psychologist

mark. Here O.I.R. stands for Officer’s

SCREENING Inteligence Rating or Overall Intelli-
gence Rating. You are again bounced
from the stage one when your story is
of poor status commensurating with
What ? How ? and Why ? the type of entries you are facing.
Failure may occur when the language
of the story is not able to convey as it
Mostly in the screen- A common or the average Under the changing is required to be conveyed. If you are
ings the story and its person with O.I.R. 2 or 3 situational circumstances not able to maintain the eye contact
narration occupies with a good story followed G.D. becomes haphaz-
main importance of by workable narration will
starting from left to right and in
ard because of hustle-
recommendation as qualify the screening. anticlockwise i.e., from right to left
bustal, first-marketing,
G.D. may not assure quarrelling of members
then you get fail in the screening.
its smooth conducting. and not listening to any Furthermore, if you are not able
one. to increase the listening degree of the
When G.D. becomes
group members atleast more than
In-audible then the G.T.O. divides the group in two 60% then again you are bounced from
parts. With this extended opportunity when G.D. becomes audible the screening. Even if you keep on
then evaluation is done otherwise G. D. is terminated and the result is looking at the assessors then your
finalised on the basis of narration. condidature again will not be consi-
dered to qualify the screening. When
it happens that your narration seems
An innocent aspirant from Hindi medium background commences the narration in to be muggedup narration then again
English but starts struggling in English and soon switches on to Hindi while you are screened out. If you start
maintaining the eye contact with all the members without getting stuck-up and off your narration in English and not
and on switches back to Hindi gets recommended. Whether narration bears an finding the suitable word in English
English or Hindi when made workable with pitch and modulation, without gross
and if you happen to plunge into
error of language or thought process then it becomes acceptable by the audience
and assessors both.
Hindi and are not able to maintain
the proper transaction which results
A lot of persistent reminders, armed forces officer’s cadre. This in stuck-up or mental block then you
request, call, persuasion and knocking class one cadre further requires only are not suitable for the officer cadre.
on SSB guidance No. 09415062698, two process as— That too in the first round of SSB test.
09918576833 and the emergency SSB After getting your call letter it must
guidance No. 09455713098 with SSB come to your mind that you have to
UPSC Direct
jbmall.com to describe and interpret with SCREENING SSB face the SSB. An SSB consists of two
the screening is being received by me. examination Interviews rounds, first is screening and second
Even the deserving candidates are is final round. Till you don’t clear the
is same
not clearing the screening. Candidates for both
first round, you will not be able to see
have cracked the UPSC written exami- the happenings, culture, method and
nation wish to clear the SSB but the You are bounced
techniques of the second round.
hope is vanished, aspirations are sup- or Therefore, you must be ready for the
pressed when screening bounces Screened out first round as well as for the second
, ,
them. I am putting an effort to facili- If round.
tate you to clear the concept of You are not maintaining the The first round will consist your
screening. consistency, when your narration gets O.I.R. Gentelmen, OIR would here by
This cadre of commission stuck-up. When you confront stuck- me on your officer’s intelligence
belongs to elite category and it is the up and do not say sorry and further rating or your overall intelligence
highest among the class one services. if you start narrating and keep on rating. This test can be updated or
This cadre does not require a long repeating the stuck-ups then saying practiced or can be enhanced while
preparation, long duration and leng- sorry will be of no use. As it reveals practicing the verbal and non-verbal
thy studies like civil services or that either you are poor in expression sets of intelligence tests. For the
another class one services other than or your basic O.I.R. is under question practicing of intelligence test you are

PD/January/2018/102 “Whenever the people are well-informed, they can be trusted with their own government.”
to practice minimum one series daily.
The series may consist of verbal and
nonverbal both containing atleast 40
to 50 questions the time limit for 40
questions in 18 min.
If you do not have or cannot
arrange the assembled series of I.Q.
test then the solution for you is to
approach or turn the pages of Prati-
yogita Darpan English and Pratiyo-
gita Darpan Hindi, civil services
chronical or any competitive maga-
zine. In all these magazines you will
find the I.Q. questions. Apart from
this there are separate books available
in the market by different writers
like reasoning by R.S. Agrawal of
Improve your I.Q. or Reasoning
books related to bank, SSC.
Coming to the second part of the
screening which consists of Picture
perception and description test or
picture perception and discussion
test. Gentleman, Here I will interpret
with my practical and ground to
ground experience which I am facing
at my training centre with the
aspirants from different strata, states,
culture and medium of education and
most importantly the level, status,
standard, quality or the depth of their
thought process.
It is happening because of two
reasons —
(1) The different kinds of educa-
tion system which directly attribute
to the thought process.
It would mean the system of
board education.
The board education consists of two
parts
State boards Central boards
The syllabus of state boards is
purely subjective where as the sylla-
bus of central boards is exhaustive or
descriptive or imaginative having
wide scope and maximum extensive
or horizontal areas. This is the reason
why the boys of central boards are
more developing, more informative,
more imaginative and more exposed.
Contrary to it the boys of state boards
are confined to their subjective areas
and confined to thought process.
Then another problem which the
boys of state boards are confronting
is approximately 60 to 80% lot are get-
PD/January/2018/103 “Creativity comes from trust. Trust your instincts. And never hope more than you work.”
ting their percentage of marks while
copying in the examination centers.
And remaining percentage of boys of
state boards are obviously putting the
hardwork and getting the actual
percentage but whereas thought
process is concerned they are below
the level in comparison to the boys of
central boards irrespective of their
percentage of marks. Now every
competition is solely based on the
ability, efficiency, competence, talent
and the competitive ability. Now
at the ground level situation is
absolutely different as for purpose of
selection the SSB has got its own
parameter.
This parameter consists of three kinds
of profile
(1) (2) (3)
Academic Personality Other profiles
profile profile (Sports, games
extra and
co-curricular with
other spheres)
In the screening test miniboard is
sitting, miniboard will consist of one
GTO, one scientist and one officer
from the interview side. Here mini-
board is only looking for your
personality’s performances.
This performance includes two parts
(1) (2)
Written Spoken
Written part includes your IQ
test and story writing and the spoken
part includes narration of story before
group members and the G.D. on the
basis of the story written by you.
Bouncing happens when the
SSB aspirants narrate the common
ideas—Common ideas means mug-
ged up or the know ideas or the ideas
being used by the majority of the
aspirants. Whenever you use the
common ideas then the assessors and
the group members will not reveal
curiosity or any symptom of surprise
because everyone knows what you
will narrate in your story and with
what outcome your story will come
out. My following examples will
suffice your requirement.
(1) “A poor man is departing to
city.” There he will find job to fulfil
the needs of his family. Finding a job
would here by mean that either he
will give tuition or he will undertake
a job or he will sell fruits or the
vegetables etc. No one will become
curious as everyone knows that he
will do something for the disposal of
his needs. Now the assessors will say
OK next.
(2) When your story says that the
crops have been damaged, now it
would mean that he will undertake
something to passify the situation.
Again the assessors will say that OK
next.
(3) An young man (the candidate
will give some name) has decided to
undertake the preparation for NDA,
IIT, MBA, CPMT, MCA etc. The
assessors will say OK next. As they
will understand that the candidate
will fill the form, join the coaching,
will undertake the speed or practice
test and will qualify.
(4) When the candidates will
narrate their story related to polio-
vaccination, blood donation, malaria
eradication, cleaning the village, aids
awareness, illiteracy, Adult education,
beautification or the development of
the village then again the assessor
will say OK next.
Further, when you will construct
a plot of fire, flood, earthquake,
drought or the epidemic then the
following impression will come or
will happen or will be bound to come.
The interpretation is ‘bound to come’
would mean or will be indicate that
this particular outcome will be the
only answer. The only answer would
again mean that this will be the first
and the last answer. My following
examples will suffice your require-
ment —
(1) In the case of fire, your hero
will make all the efforts to cool down
the fire. Either by managing, direct-
ing, arranging, collecting, deploying
the people and the resources like
buckets, sand and water, fire brigade,
fire extinguisher etc. In case of relief
he will give first aid and will manage
to hospitalise the victims. These
above symptoms are obvious for the
assessors and the audience that these
kinds of things are bound to happen.
Therefore, they (they means the
assessors and the group member) do
not reveal the interest or the curiosity.
And resultantly, the expert will say
‘no next’ and it is bound to become
the case of bouncing.
 In what entries the common
ideas can be acceptable—(For men to
women commission both)
The above common ideas or
stories can be workable or acceptable
in regular entries (like NDA, CDS,
TES, service entries of the army but
expectation again may go high in
service entries of the Air force and
Navy as they are more serious in
enhancing their career and cadre. It
can also work upon in the NCC
entries.
Common story, mugged up, borrowed,
bookish, routine stories will not be
acceptable in qualified entries like
Education, legal, logistic, adminis-
trative branches of our three wings of
the Armed forces in which qualified
or highly qualified or mature
aspirants are being called.
Nothing remains the same. It is the
perception that makes us believe that
things remain the same. Apparently,
they do but in reality they do not. It is
our ignorance that is responsible for
this fake perceptions. And to remove
ignorance we need that light, that
light from within that is imagination
and observation. This light exists in
the every human being. It only has to
be kindled by self realisation.
Ideas/stories for all kinds of entries,
specially it is must for the qualified
entries.
Innovative, inventive or the imaginative
ideas or the stories.
What does it take to bring the
effective or the acceptable or the
recommendable ideas—
PP&DT Stories For Women’s
Commission
S<F
A<45
M<+
PD/January/2018/104 “If we are bound to forgive an enemy, we are not bound to trust him.”
Story—Fatima khan a M.Sc.
student changed the way of her
school due to political procession. She
listened the cry of an elderly woman
and rushed to her and observed that
she is qualified but is mentally upset.
She got her well by speedy treatment
and arranged classes accommodation
for her in her house. With her effort
the competitive preparation of the
village gained the momentum.
Action—Undertaking the res- S<M S<F
ponsibility of a depressed woman.
Situation—There is a posh loca- A<35 A<35
lity. Three young women are in the
queue to take the water from a public M<_ M<+
water tap. No human settlement is
being shown except that.
Story—The conditional admis-
sion proposal of 15 downtrodden
boys, out of them Miss Desuja a
teacher committed to get 25% through
in NTSE was turned down by the
controller of admission in Joseph
High School Lucknow U.P. Before she
could join anywhere the executive
committee gave a welcome call to
undertake the task from the next day.
Desuja made a serious introspection
and analysed and within three
S<F S<F S<F months of rescheduled hard work
27% boys qualified the NTSE and the
A<25 A<36 A<35 executive committee enhanced quota
from 15 to 30 from the next session.
M<+ M<+ M<+ Situation—A young woman aged
25 is carrying a matka with her folded
left hand. It seems that the pot is full
Action—Discussion to establish
of water.
an auditorium for the motivation and
Action—Responsibility to en-
competition. hance the water level.
Story—First time the persistent
failure of grid in a posh locality
created water crisis. Sarita with her
two friends while struggling for water
noticed that the maid servant’s child-
ren are being neglected by posh
locality children. Sarita and her two
friends accompanied a group of
women and with majority consent
opened a motivation room where all
classes of children started interacting
and discussing, which inculcated S<F
confidence and motivation among
down/trodden children to do good in A<25
the life.
Situation—A well dressed man M<+
aged around 35 is sitting in his office
and sincerely looking towards a Story—Due to shortage of rain
woman aged 35 who is departing two seasons the water level went
from his office. down in an interior village of Jhansi
Action—Undertaking the res- UP. Mrs Vijeta Verma motivated the
ponsibility to qualify the children for women of the entire village and
NTSE. taking the assistance from MNREGA
she with men and women started
digging the small ponds on many
places around the village. In the
coming season all the digged ponds
became full of water and resultantly
the water level of all the wells came
up and even the dried hand pumps
started giving water.
Situation—A girl aged 23 is
sitting on the floor of her house in an
extremely depressed mood that too
alone. An young man is looking at
her from the window of her room.
The girl is unaware that someone is
watching her situation.
Action—Undertaking the res-
ponsibility to collect the data.
S<M S<F
A<24 A<23
M<+ M<_
Story—Miss Mamta Kaur got
badly shocked, seing her B. Tech final
year project turned down due to lack
of ecological data. Her elder brother
an M.Tech passed out student of the
same B.B.D. technical University
Lucknow witnessed her set back. He
rushed to the University and backed
himself with a week extension. He
immediately accompanied her to
collect ecological data from the
densed forest along with Sundarban
delta and this time her project became
the talk of the University because of
its merit.
Situation—A girl aged 22 year
is sitting on the chair in her room in
an extremely depressed condition.
PD/January/2018/105
Behind her only window is shown.
No human settlement or other
environment is shown around.
Action—Undertaking the chal-
lenge for rehabilitation and survival.
S<F
A<22
M<_
Story—A house got collapsed
by a falling tree due to cyclone and
heavy rain. Puja Goswami an M.Sc.
final year student was shocked to see
her injured parents and vanished all
the house holds. She undertook the
challenge for the speedy medical aid
and further took R 50 thousand as the
conditional financial assistance from
a private school to prepare 10 boys
for IIT coaching cadre classes. By this
way she started carrying out the res-
ponsibility from her house to career
and from career to the life.
Six PP&DT’s Stories for the
Men’s Commission
Situation—A well dressed man
aged 30 is carrying the schoolbag of
his daughter while accompanying
her. At a few distance a girl aged 8
year and a boy aged 10 year are
sitting but the girl is indicating some-
thing to the boy. This is purely the
scene of an interior village.
S<M S<F S<M S<M
A<30 A<8 A<10 A<9
M<+ M<+ M<+ M<+
Action—Motivating the same
aged children to undertake the educa-
tion.
Story—Arima Sinha being a
daughter of a school teacher and a
her father being Dr. her father being
of PHC of an interior area took a
“A person who trusts no one can’t be trusted.”
week exemption from her classes
when she was surprised to notice that
all the children of her similar age are
only playing but not attending the
school. She continued playing and
motivating for six days. On Sunday
she accompanied her father and the
class teacher to their parents. Resul-
tantly 60% children joined the school.
This became a package of motivation
for the remaining people to give a
serious thought to send their children
to school.
Situation—A farmer is standing
in an empty agricultural land, his son
is sitting looking towards the back
direction. At the distance of 2 to 300
metre there is fire behind the hut. No
human settlement or the other
environment is being shown.
S<M S<M
A<35 A<12
M<+ M<+
Action—Undertaking a challenge
to change the life by growing the
medicinal plants.
Story—The Gov. of UP became
the first state to commence the reha-
bilitation scheme after the disastrous
demolition of the Himalayan King-
dom and allotted 3 acres land to
Monu Thapa. Monu along with his
son started cutting and burning the
bushes and made the land fertile
within three months. Further, under
the technical guidance of the agri-
cultural scientist he started the farm-
ing of the medicinal plants and with
this income he became capable of
educating his son and also managed
his livelihood.
Situation—There was a garage
beside some huts of a village. An
young person is coming out from a
house in a hustle-bustle condition
where as another man aged 45 is
watching that person and also looking
at the man in the garage who is
repairing the vehicle. Picture is semi
hazy.

S<M S<M
A<30 A<12
M<+ M<+
Story—An Air force retd. person-
nel from the mechanical division who
later became a teacher was on way to
his school noticed that a man was in
hustle bustle to locate a vehicle to
admit his father who was suffering
with severe chest pain. He rushed to
the garage and located that a ‘U’
shaped part was creating the starting
trouble. He detached that part rubbed
with regmal paper and after starting
the vehicle he requested the owner to
hospitalize the patient.
Situation—There is big pond
which is not so deep but it is full of
mud. No human settlement or the
other environment is being shown
around.
S<M S<M S<M S<M S<M S<M
A<26 A<28 A<40 A<27 A<25 A<24
M<+ M<+ M<+ M<+ M<+ M<+
Action—Undertaking a challenge
to up bring the water level and to
make the barren land fertile.
Situation—A farmer bearing
turban is putting a potaly on his head.
He is standing in an agricultural land
which is having a bit of water. He is
holding his shoes in his left hand and
balancing the potaly from the right
hand. Behind 200 m back a hazy
figure having the same gesture or
poster is being shown.
PD/January/2018/106 “I know God will not give me anything I can’t handle. I just wish He didn’t trust me so much.”
S<M S<M
A<14 A<40
M<+ M<+
Action—Planting Jatropa a sub-
stitute of diesel to upgrade himself
and his family.
Story—Rup Deo Mahajan a
farmer of an interior village drew the
conclusion with the agricultural
scientist to commence the plantation
of Jatropa a substitute of diesel in his
below surface land which used to
have a little bit of water. He along
with his son made a small boundary
around the field and started growing
Jatropa. Within a year he got the
encouragement package from the
authorities and also became capable
to educate his son in a good school.
Small Story on the same pic-
ture : No. 1—Rup Deo a farmer under
the scientist’s guidance started
planting Jatropa a substitute of diesel
with his son in his land which used to
be under the water and as it was
below the surface level. He with his
son made the boundary around the
land and started growing the crop.
Within a year he was awarded an
S<M encouragement package and also
became capable to carry the education
A<23
of his son in a good school.
M<+ No. 2—Soon after the retirement
of an Army personnel, he determined
to undertake a challenge for raising
the water level and to make a barren
land fertile. He motivated the like
minded young farmers and started
digging and shifting the mud from
the mud pond to the barren land.
Within two months of rigorous efforts
the mud pond got filled with water
and barren land got converted into
the fertiled land which became capa-
ble of growing the costly crops and
even water level gradually started
coming up.
Note—The above story is enough
for the one minute narration that too
for an average or for a good orator,
for JBA(Just Below Average) level
candidates a small story is required.
The small story is being given as here
under—
Small Story—A retd. Army
personnel, Hem Singh undertook the
call to challenge for raising the water
level and to convert a barren land
into the fertile one. The young farmer
with his motivation started digging
and shifting the mud to the barren
land. Wthin two months of rigorous
effort the barren land became the
fertile one and gradually water level
started coming up.
Interpretation of the scene or the
picture : In the above scene only a mud
pond is being shown; apart from that
no other environment or the human
settle-ment is being shown. In this
situa-tion you have to bring the
characters from outside as much as
you are required to construct a story as
I have done.
Situation—A girl is turning
over the pages of her project paper
while placing it on the white board. A
well dressed man who seems to be a
professor is viewing her presentation.
Action—Observing the perfor-
mances for its final presentation.
Story—Nisha Bharti sponsored
herself to present her project in a
national seminar in JNU Delhi on the
topic pollution and the ecological
balance with context to ozone layer.
She exhausted for collecting data,
temperature with its varying degrees
that too from forest to desert. She also
undertook practice and pressure
session before her professor and on
final day her project was accepted by
the board.
1. Three time plantation consi-
dering population ratio.
2. Use of CNG, Battery vehicle
and public transport. P.Darpan
 Legal Article
Upload FIRs on Official Websites Within
24 Hours : Supreme Court
Coming straight to the crux of
the matter, let us begin by pointing
out first and foremost that in a
landmark decision which could have
far reaching potential consequences
like ushering in more transparency in
police functioning across the nation,
the Supreme Court on September 7,
2016 asked the States and Union
Territories (UTs) to upload FIRs on
their websites within 24 hours of their
registration to protect the interest of
the accused and their families. This is
something that we have never pre-
viously heard of. This alone explains
how landmark it is. The order would
be effective from November 15. It
seeks to remove a source of perpe-
tual harassment and poses a digital
challenge to law enforcement
agencies.
While craving for the exclusive
indulgence of our esteemed readers, it
must be revealed here for their bene-
fit that a bench comprising Justice
Dipak Misra and Justice C. Nagappan,
however, exempted the police across
the nation from uploading the FIRs
on the websites if the offences were
sensitive in nature and pertained to
insurgency, terrorism and sexual
cases including those lodged under
the POCSO Act. The Bench made it
amply clear in its landmark judge-
ment titled Youth Bar Association of
India vs Union of India and others
that, “The copies of FIRs, unless
the offence is sensitive in nature, like
sexual offences, offences pertaining to
insurgency, terrorism and of that
category, offences under POCSO Act
and such other offences, should be
uploaded on the police website, and
if there is no such website, on the
official website of the state govern-
ment, within 24 hours of the registra-
tion of the first information report so
that the accused or any person con-
nected with the same can download
the FIR and file appropriate applica-
tion before the court as per law for
redressal of his grievances.”
PD/January/2018/107 “Without trust, words become the hollow sound of a wooden gong. With trust, words become life itself.”
Let us hasten to add here for our
esteemed readers’ exclusive benefit
that the Bench itself clarified that the
list of exempted offences was only
illustrative and not exhaustive. Let us
also add here that in case the FIR was
not uploaded in time in any case, the
aggrieved person could immediately
approach the area police officer in
the rank of Superintendent of Police
(SP) and the SP would then have to
appoint a committee of three senior
officers to redress the grievance
within three days.
For our esteemed readers’
exclusive benefit, let us also reveal
here that the bench, which held that
an accused is entitled to get a copy of
the FIR at an earlier stage, said “it
may be clarified here that in case
there are connectivity problems due
to geographical location or there is
some other unavoidable difficulty,
the time can be extended up to 48
hours. The Bench added that, “The
said 48 hours can be extended maxi-
mum up to 72 hours and it is only
relatable to connectivity problems
due to geographical location.” States
with poor internet connectivity such
as those in the North East, Jammu
and Kashmir and Uttarakhand could
take a maximum of 72 hours for the
purpose.
Be it noted, the order came on a
PIL filed by the Youth Bar Associa-
tion of India, represented by President
Sanpreet Singh Ajmani. It must be
also noted here that the directives
were on the lines of an order by the
Delhi High Court in a suo motu case.
A High Court Bench of Delhi High
Court comprising the then Chief
Justice Dipak Misra and Justice Man-
mohan had delivered the judgement
on December 6, 2010.
It would be imperative to bring
out here that on September 7, 2016,
the Apex Court made it valid for all
States and Union Territories with
some modifications and directed the
court registry to send the order to all
—Sanjeev Sirohi, Advocate
State police chiefs. It must also be
brought out here that the Bench said
that it had passed the order as Section
207 of the Criminal Procedure Code
(CrPC) merely stated that the accused
persons were entitled to get FIR
copies ‘without delay’, instead of
specifying a deadline and this was
causing hardship to them and their
family members.
The court clarified that failure to
upload an FIR per se would not be a
ground for acquitting the accused in a
case. Lawyers said later that the
police would face contempt charges if
they ignored the directive. Although
a provision in the Criminal Procedure
Code does mandate that a copy of the
FIR “shall be given forthwith, free of
cost to the informant,” the police are
often accused of ignoring the rule.
It is a no-brainer that copies of
FIRs are essential and indispensable
for the complainant as well as the
accused. In the absence of a copy, the
complainant can never be sure
whether all the charges and all the
accused have been included. For the
accused, the copy is needed to pre-
pare his legal defence and arguments
for seeking bail.
It must be disclosed here that in
Calcutta, every FIR registered with
the 69 police stations is uploaded on a
website called ‘Crime Babu’. But, this
site is so far meant for police officers
and not the rest of the citizens. But
this landmark judgement has opened
the doors for all the citizens. Union
Home Ministry officials have said
that all the 15,000 police stations in
India would be computerized under a
project launched after the 26/11
terror attacks in Mumbai. But, the
officials could not readily say how
many have been computerized till
now.
To recapitulate, the following are
the 10 important guidelines laid
down by the Supreme Court in this
landmark case of Youth Bar Associa-
tion of India Vs. Union of India and
others on FIR issued by Justices
Dipak Misra and C. Nagappan on a
PIL filed by an NGO, the Youth Bar
Association of India :
(a) An accused is entitled to get a
copy of the First Information Report
at an earlier stage than as prescribed
under Section 207 of the Cr.P.C.
(b) An accused who has reasons
to suspect that he has been roped in a
criminal case and his name may be
finding place in a First Information
Report can submit an application
through his representative / agent /
parokar for grant of a certified copy
before the concerned police officer or
to the Superintendent of Police on
payment of such fee which is payable
for obtaining such a copy from the
Court. On such application being
made, the copy shall be supplied
within twenty-four hours.
(c) Once the First Information
Report is forwarded by the police
station to the concerned Magistrate or
any Special Judge, on an application
being filed for certified copy on
behalf of the accused, the same shall
be given by the Court concerned
within two working days. The
aforesaid direction has nothing to do
with the statutory mandate inhered
under Section 207 of the Cr.P.C.
(d) The copies of the FIRs, unless
the offence is sensitive in nature, like
sexual offences, offences pertaining
to insurgency, terrorism and of that
category, offences under POCSO Act
and such other offences, should be
uploaded on the police website, and
if there is no such website, on the
official website of the State Govern-
ment, within twenty-four hours of the
registration of the First Information
Report so that the accused or any
person connected with the same can
download the FIR and file appro-
priate application before the Court as
per law for redressal of his griev-
ances. It may be clarified here that in
case there is connectivity problems
due to geographical location or there
is some other unavoidable difficulty,
the time can be extended up to forty-
eight hours. The said 48 hours can be
extended maximum up to 72 hours
and it is only relatable to connectivity
problems due to geographical loca-
tion.
(e) The decision not to upload
the copy of the FIR on the website
shall not be taken by an officer below
PD/January/2018/108 “It is better to suffer wrong than to do it, and happier to be sometimes cheated than not to trust.”
the rank of Deputy Superintendent of (k) The directions for uploading
Police or any person holding equiva- of FIR in the website of all the States
lent post. In case, the States where shall be given effect from 15th
District Magistrate has a role, he may November, 2016.
also assume the said authority. A All said and done, this is a very
decision taken by the concerned police landmark judgement which shall have
officer or the District Magistrate shall huge potential ramifications. As we
be duly communicated to the con- have discussed above, the Supreme
cerned jurisdictional Magistrate. Court has categorically directed all
(f) The word ‘sensitive’ apart police departments in India on
from the other aspects which may be September 7, 2016 to upload copies of
thought of being sensitive by the first information reports (FIRs) on
competent authority as stated herein their official website within 24 hours,
before would also include concept of a move expected to make the legal
privacy regard being had to the system more transparent and people
nature of the FIR. The examples given
friendly. Needless to say, the decision
with regard to the sensitive cases are
absolutely illustrative and are not will protect the interests of the
suspects and their families, putting a
exhaustive.
stop to corrupt practices by police,
(g) If an FIR is not uploaded,
which often demand money to give
needless to say, it shall not ensure per
copies of FIRs to the accused as
se a ground to obtain the benefit
experts point out also. The law
under Section 438 of the Cr.P.C.
mandates authorities to furnish the
(h) In case a copy of the FIR is
accused with a copy of the complaint.
not provided on the ground of
But, still a lot more remains to be done
sensitive nature of the case, a person
especially pertaining to extreme
grieved by the said action, after
reluctance of police to lodge an FIR
disclosing his identity, can submit a
due to which a common man has to
representation to the Superintendent
suffer all kinds of inconveniences and
of Police or any person holding the
feels mentally drained also! This too
equivalent post in the State. The
has to end now as it cannot continue
Superintendent of Police shall con-
indefinitely ! We are absolutely sure
stitute a committee of three officers
Supreme Court will one day act
which shall deal with the said
decisively on this count also ! How-
grievance. As far as the Metropolitan
ever, a good beginning has been
cities are concerned, where Com-
made by this landmark judgement.
missioner is there, if a representation
It will alleviate the sufferings of a
is submitted to the Commissioner of
common man to a great extent ! Now
Police who shall constitute a
it must also be carried forward !
committee of three officers. The com-
P.Darpan
mittee so constituted shall deal with
the grievance within three days from
the date of receipt of the repre-
sentation and communicate it to the
grieved person.
(i) The competent authority
referred to herein-above shall consti-
tute the committee, as directed
herein-above, within eight weeks
from today.
(j) In cases wherein decisions
have been taken not to give copies of
the FIR regard being had to the
sensitive nature of the case, it will be
open to the accused/his authorized
representative/parokar to file an
application for grant of certified copy
before the Court to which the FIR has
been sent and the same shall be
provided in quite promptitude by the
concerned Court not beyond three
days of the submission of the appli-
cation.
 Agriculture Related Article
The Doubling of Farmers’ Income (DFI)
by 2022 : How to Make it a Reality ?
The total foodgrain production
in India has more than doubled, from
108·42 million tonnes in 1970-71 to
275·68 million tonnes in 2016-17. More
importantly, India is now the largest
producer in the world of a host of
farm products, be it jute or dairy or
total pulses, buffalo meat or chicken
products. This is nothing short of
a revolution. The Swaminathan
Commission (2006) had stated that
“success in agricultural progress
should be measured by the growth
of farmers’ income and not just by
production figures”. The Commission
also reported that about 40 per cent of
the country’s farmers are eager to
switch over from agriculture to ‘non-
farm activities’. It has been a big
question for decades as to what went
wrong with India’s largest commu-
nity ? By and large, various factors
have played a crucial role in pushing
Indian agriculture into distress. They
are as under :
1. agricultural policies and their
implementation,
2. deep-rooted corruption on
service delivery,
3. no effective contingency plan for
bad weather,
4. poor farm credit system, ineffec-
tive crop insurance,
5. high input cost,
6. poor market access,
7. traders dominated markets,
8. lack of warehousing and storage
facilities,
9. discouraging minimum support
price, etc.
Doubling agricultural income by
2022 is a mammoth task. The walk to
doubling income is a long, tedious
one.
Action being Taken by the
Government for Making the
Objective a Reality
The idea of the doubling of the
farmers’ income seemed to be
PD/January/2018/109 “Not everybody trusts paintings but people believe photographs.”
attractive to retain them in farming
and protect national food security.
The first time the dream of doubling
farmers’ income (DFI) was announced
in Bareilly was at a kisan rally on
February 28, 2016. The report works
on three areas :
1. productivity gains,
2. reduction in cost of cultivation,
and
3. remunerative prices.
The strategic framework has four
concerns :
1. sustainable agri-production,
2. monetisation of farmers’ pro-
duce,
3. re-strengthening extension ser-
vices, and
4. recognising agriculture as an
enterprise.
Making DFI—a Reality
The right solution is to increase
farmers’ income in a sustainable way
and make it diversified and less
vulnerable to monsoons or commo-
dity prices.
There is need to identify the
distortions in fertiliser subsidy, and
prevent soil damage by excessive use
of urea. Moreover, there are large
numbers of non-farm services includ-
ing supply-chains which require
increasing focus on :
1. enhancing the availability of
institutional credit in rural areas
2. expanding storage of agricultural
produce,
3. strengthening transportation of
agricultural produce, and
4. marketing of agri-products.
Authorities consider agriculture
to stand on three pillars :
1. paramparagat kheti (traditional
agriculture),
2. diversification into agro-forestry
by planting trees on the boun-
daries of farmers’ fields, and
—Shrawan Kumar Singh
3. encouraging livestock and bee-
keeping, duly supported by food
processing.
These pillars will reduce the risks
in farming, and augment farmers’
incomes. This strategy is based on
programmes such as soil health cards
and neem-coated urea to take care of
‘mother earth’s’ health; giving more
resources for irrigation and using the
MGNREGA for recharging ground
water through check dams and farm
ponds, thus, getting more crop from
every drop of water. This will be
complemented by the Pradhan Mantri
Fasal Bima Yojana (crop insurance)
and e-market platform. All these
nodes are right for any meaningful
agri-strategy.
Food processing is a sun rise
sector. There are losses to the tune of
20-40% in the entire supply chain of
various food commodities. For this
ITK has to adopt :
Priority to Irrigation
The Government has initiated
the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchan
Yojana, aimed at providing water to
every farmer covering around 28·5
lakh ha of land and eventually
improve the use of water efficiency to
get 'Per Drop More Crop'. NITI Aayog
mentions adoption of drip irriga-
tion as one of the mechanisms for
efficiency.
Three Major Steps Needed
The Government should focus on
three aspects to make reforms reach
the farmers. They are: strengthening
the agricultural extension system,
regulatory reforms in land; and
creating hybrid governance struc-
tures of farmer collectives.
Agriculture extension services—
For this KVKs (Krishi Vigyan
Kendra)–now 662 KVKs established
in Indian States/State Agric. Univ./
Institutes, will have to participate
with farmers for crop Demonstra-
tions on farmer’s field and Krishi
Goshthis.
Regulations around land—Land
ownership is still a highly debatable
issue in rural India. The panel set up
under NITI Aayog suggested reforms
in land leasing policies, ramping-up
of land records and titles. This will
create better access to credit and
help farmers realise the value of assets
when required.
Farmer producer companies—
Despite forming more than 3,000
farmers’ producer companies (FPCs)
to solve the problem of distribution
and diseconomies of scale, a recent
study from the Institute of Liveli-
hoods Research and Training found
that many of these FPCs are missing
both competent, business-minded
leadership and transparency.
NITI Aayog has done some
serious reflective thinking on doubl-
ing farmers’ income. Member (Agri-
culture) of the NITI Aayog made this
issue a subject of his presidential
address to the annual conference of
the Indian Society of Agricultural
Economics, on November 21, 2016
held at Assam Agricultural Univer-
sity, Jorhat (Assam). This could be
achieved by development initiatives
of GOI such as; the Pradhan Mantri
Krishi Sinchai Yojana, Soil Health
Card, Kisan Call Centre (KCC). Toll
free No. 1800-180-1551, DD Kisan
Channel, New Delhi No. 1800-113060
since 2015-direct transfer of Agric.
Technology to solve farmers’ pro-
blems; Paramparagat Krishi Vikas
Yojana and Pradhan Mantri Fasal
Bima Yojana; technology initiatives
through the network of ICAR; policy
initiatives, such as pushing of the
Model APMC Act by the States, and
the introduction of farmer-producer
organisations known as Farmers’
Producers Organisations (FPO) being
promoted by NABARD.
Drivers of Income Growth for
Farmers
It is important to look at the
possible drivers of income growth for
farmers :
1. The diversification of farm
activities towards high-value
crops and enterprises. National-
level data reveals that shifting to
high-value crops can more than
quadruple income from the same
piece of land.
PD/January/2018/110 “Wise men put their trust in ideas and not in circumstances.”
2. Irrigation, which can double
productivity.
3. Better price realisation for far-
mers through competitive
markets, value chains and
improved linkage between field
and fork.
4. An improvement in the terms of
trade for agriculture.
5. Technology up-gradation.
6. The shift of cultivators from
farming to non-farm occupa-
tions.
Need to Adopt
Traditional Agriculture, ‘ITK’–
Indigenous/Inherited Technical
Knowledge and Organic Farming
have to adopt in India. ‘Organic
Agriculture World Kumbh’ (Mela)
1st time in India was organized by
International Federation of Organic
Farming Movements (IFOM) and OFI
jointely at ‘India Expo Centre’, Noida
on 9-11 Nov., 2017, wherein 15 States
seed companies; 110 countries mem-
bers, 1400 participants, 2000 Indian
members participated. This will
promote organic farming. Earlier this
organic agric. World Kumbh was
held at Instanbul, Turkey (organized
at 3 years interval) in 2014. This
Kumbh will promote India for top
most organic farming country in the
world. (Theme-Organic World by
Organic India).
Conclusion
Doubling farmers’ income (DFI)
by 2022 is quite challenging, but it is
needed and is attainable. Ashok Gulati
is of the view that “doubling of real
incomes in six years (2022) would be a
miracle of miracles, as it would imply a
compound growth rate of 12 per cent per
annum”. Doubling farmers’ income
would require effective contingency
plan for bad weather, proper farm
credit system, effective crop
insurance, affordable input cost,
adequate market access, sufficient
warehousing and storage facilities
and price support. Undermining
these factors would jeopardize this
ambitious plan. There is need to boost
the agriculture sector, which will cer-
tainly boost the agri-business sector
and socio-economic development of
the country. In 21st Century, farmers
will have to return again towards
Traditional Agriculture, with Organic
farming through no use of synethetic
(Chemical) fertilizers and insecti-
cides/weedicides/fungicides or with
minimum use.
Farmers’ income needs to be
increased on sustainable manner.
While attaining the persisting chal-
lenges, the rural youth and kids of
farmers need to be imparted training
of running food processing units in
the villages. In conclusion, agriculture
needs to be liberated from traditional
policy framework for it to grow and
prosper. Effective implementation of
policy initiatives will call for com-
prehensive reforms, will, and strong
public, private and people partner-
ships in the management of agricul-
ture. The policymakers, industry,
academia will have to work together
to find out the way-out for making
farming profitable. Any initiative,
which increases farmers’ income is a
welcome step. In changing condition
at global level due to continous
increasing demand of organic food
products, there is a dire need to
increase organic farming. P.Darpan
Continued from Page 81
Thus, the overall outlay for Bharat-
mala and all existing schemes put
together will be 6,92,324 crore
over a period of 5 years (2017-18 to
2021-22).
Gross Budgetary Support for the
Bharatmala programme and existing
schemes from 2017-18 to 2021-22 will
be restricted to 2,37,024 crore from
Central Road Fund (CRF), 59,973
crore as Budgetary support, 34,000
crore from expected monetization
through ToT route and 46,048 crore
collected as Toll-Permanent Bridge
Fee Fund (PBFF) by NHAI.Projects
under Bharatmala Phase-I are to be
implemented through NHAI,
NHIDCL, MoRTH and State PWDs.
All projects implemented under
Bharatmala are to be technically,
financially and economically
appraised by an empowered Project
Appraisal & Technical Scrutiny Com
mittee to be set up in NHAI and
MoRTH.The Committee would com-
prise experts from NITI Aayog, and
would be a dedicated unit which
would place its recommendations on
appraisal of projects to NHAI Board
or Secretary, MoRTH, as the case
may be. P.Darpan
 Science Article

Geochemical Cycle
The Geochemical Cycle refers to the flow of elements
through the Earth’s reservoirs. The term underlines the
cyclical nature of the flow in a closed system : Following
are the important Geochemical Cycles in our ecosystem.
Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen (N 2 ) accounts 78% in the air on a molar bais.
It is an essential component of the biosphere (amino acid)
and the atmosphere is an obvious source for this Nitrogen
conversion of the highly stable N2 molecule biologically
available nitrogen. It is achieved in ecosystems by specia-
lized symbiotic bacteria which can reduce N 2 to ammonia
(NH3 ) The NH3 is assimilated as organic nitrogen by the
bacteria or by their host plants which may in turn be
consumed by animals. Eventually these organisms excrete
the nitrogen or die, the organic nitrogen is eaten by
bacteria and mineralized to ammo-nium (NH4 +) which
may then be assimilated by other organisms.
of N 2 in combustion engines provides a source of nitrogen
to the biosphere that is much larger than N2 fixation.
Nitrification—A process in which bacteria may use NH4+ as a
source of energy by oxidizing it to NO 2– and NO3–.
Transfer of N2 to the lithosphere takes place by burial
of dead organisms. These dead, organisms are then incor-
porated into sedimentary which is brought up to the
surface of the continents and eroded, liberating nitrogen
and allowing its return to biosphere.
Oxygen Cycle
Oxygen is an important element to life on Earth. It is
a most common element of the human body. Oxygen is
constantly being used and created by different processes
on Earth. All these processes together make up the oxy-
gen cycle. The oxygen cycle is inter connected with the
carbon cycle.
Oxygen—An important element to life on Earth Oxygen cycle
is inter connected with CO2 cycle.

Plants are the main creators of oxygen in the atmos-

phere through the processes of Photosynthesis. Tree uses
sunlight and carbon-di-oxide to produce energy and
releases oxygen. The giraffe breathes in the oxygen and
then breathes out carbon-di-oxide. The plants then use
carbon-di-oxide and the cycle is completed.
Plants as main creators of O2 by Photosynthesis use sunlight
and CO 2 to produce energy and release O2.

The Nitrogen Cycle : Major processes

Bacteria may also use NH4 + as a source of energy by

oxidizing it to nitrite (NO2 – ) and on to nitrate (NO3 – ). This
process is known nitrification and requires the presence of
oxygen (aerobic - conditions)-Nitrate is highly mobile in
soil and is readily assimilated by plant and bacteria,
providing another route for formation of organic nitrogen.
When O 2 is depleted in water and soil (anaerobic
conditions) bacteria may use NO 3 NO 3 – as an alternate
oxidant to convert organic carbon to CO2. This process
called denitrification converts NO 3 – to N 2 and thus
returns Nitrogen from biosphere to atmosphere.

Nitrogen
● Amounts 78% in air in a molar bais.
● An essential component of amino-acid.
● Achieved by Symbiotic Bacteria reduced N2 to NH3.

An additional pathway for fixing atmospheric N2

is by high temperature oxidation of N2 to NO in the
atmosphere during combustion or lightning, followed by
atmospheric oxidation of NO to HNO3 , a water-soluble
and scavenged by rain in industrial regions. The fixation The Oxygen Cycle

PD/January/2018/111 “Trust that little voice in your head that says “Wouldn’t it be interesting if...”; And then do it.”
 Oxygen is used during the combustion, decomposi-
tion and oxidation. The circulation of oxygen is through
three main flow systems including the (air) atmosphere,
the biosphere and the earth crust.
Giraffe breathes in O2 and releases CO2.
Oxygen in the atmosphere is (21%), it has to circulate
through various forms of nature which is essentially
termed as oxygen cycle.
Process that uses Oxygen
1. Respiration — By breathing
2. Combustion
3. Decomposition—Plants and animal die
4. Rusting
The atmosphere carries a small quantity of all oxygen.
The atmospheric oxygen is released by the process known
as photolysis. It happens when the ultraviolet radiation of
sunlight breaks a part oxygen-containing molecules such
as nitrous oxide and atmospheric water to release free
oxygen. In biosphere the major oxygen cycles are photo-
synthesis and respiration. It is interconnected with the
carbon and water cycle. During photosynthesis, plants
and planktons use sunlight energy, water and CO2 to
make food (Carbohydrates) and release oxygen as a
byproduct. Thus plants and plankatons are the main
producers of oxygen in the ecosystem. They take in CO2
and release O2.
Process that Produces Oxygen
1. Plants
2. Sunlight
Respiration happens when human and animals
breathe in oxygen which is used during metabolism to
breakdown carbohydrates and exhale carbon-di-oxide as
a byproduct which is released to the environment and is
taken by plants and plankatons. This completes the O2
cycle.
In Lithosphere O 2 is constituted in lands soils, organic matter
and in minerals.
In lithosphere the O 2 is a constituent of the earths
lands, soils, organic matters, biomass, water and rocks in
the form of minerals constituents compound as oxide and
silica. The processes is simple as pure mineral elements
absorb or react with the free oxygen. It happens similar to
the manner in which iron picks up oxygen from air,
resulting in the formation of rust. During the chemical
reactions and some weathering processes a portion of the
tapped oxygen in the minerals is released into atmos-
phere.
Carbon Cycle
The amount of carbon in the earth and in the Earth’s
atmosphere is fixed, but that fixed amount of carbon is
dynamic, always changing into different carbon com-
pounds and moving between living and non-living
things. Carbon is released to the atmosphere from what
are called ‘carbon sources’ and stored in plants animals,
PD/January/2018/112 “Trust the instinct to the end, though you can render no reason.”
rocks and water in what are called ‘carbon sinks’, the
process occurs in steps. In first step, through photosyn-
thesis, plants take carbon-di-oxide out of the atmosphere
and release oxygen. The carbon-di-oxide is converted into
carbon-compound that make up the body of the plant,
which are stored in above ground parts of the plants
(shoots and leaves) and below ground parts (roots). In the
next step animals eat the plants, breathe in the oxygen
and exhale carbon-di-oxide. The carbon-di-oxide created
by animals is then available for plants to use photosyn-
thesis. Carbon stored in plants is not taken by animals,
eventually decomposes after the plants die and is either
released into the atmosphere or stored in the soil. Large
quantity of carbon is released to the atmosphere through
Geologic processes like volcanic eruptions and other
natural changes that destablize carbon-di-oxide to be
released from the ocean.
The amount of carbon in earth’s atmosphere is fixed. Carbon is
released in the atmosphere by carbon source.
One important aspect of the carbon-cycle is the speed
with which carbon moves from a carbon source to a
carbon sink and then back again. Some living things e.g.
shells like oysters or snails take a longer time to decom-
pose than squishy living things like slugs. The decomposi-
tion process ends up by creating carbon-di-oxide and
other gases such as methane. Plant and animal growth
and decomposition occur simultaneously, all the time, we
see tree growing and leaf litter and downed trees rotting
in the same forest.
Carbon sink – CO2 is stored in plants, animals, rocks and water
For most of the history of the earth significant
amounts of carbon remained locked up in the subsurface
in coal and oil and gas deposits. Since the start of the
industrial age however, humans have harvested and
burnt these deposits for energy, releasing the carbon-
compounds that were stored in the coal, oil and gas
deposits back into the atmosphere as carbon-di-oxide and
other gases.
Carbon is also released in the atmosphere through Geologic
processes like volcanic eruptions.
The Carbon Cycle
 Significant amounts of carbon-compounds are being
released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity,
much faster than they would have been released naturally
and its rapid release is primary cause of currently obser-
ved anthropogenic (human-influences) global warming.
The important aspect of the CO2 cycle is the speed with which
carbon moves from carbon source to carbon sink.
Phosphorous Cycle
Phosphorous is an important element for all forms of
life. It is a critical component of ATP, the cellular energy
carrier as they serve as an energy release for organism to
use in building proteins or contracting muscles. Near
about 80% of phosphorous is found in teeth and bones.
Phosphorous serves as an energy release for organism.
Phosphorous cycle is quite different from other bio-
geochemical cycles as it does not include a gas phase but
the little amount of phosphoric acid make their way
into the atmosphere, contributing to acid rain. Very little
phosphorous circulates in the atmosphere because of the
Earth’s normal temperatures and pressures. The largest
reservoirs of phosphorous are in sedimentary rocks.
Phosphorous is not in the form of gas but it is in form of
sedimentary rocks
The Phosphorus Cycle
In these rocks the phosphorous cycle begins. When it
rains, phosphates are removed from the rocks (via
weathering) and are distributed through out both soils
and water. Plants take up the phosphate ions from the
soil. The phosphates then move from plants to animals
when herbivores eat plants and carnivores eat plants or
herbivores. The phosphates absorbed by animal tissue
through consumption eventually return to the soil through
the excretion of urine and feces as well as from the final
decomposition of plants and animals after death.
Weathering is the process through which phosphorous is
released from the rocks.
PD/January/2018/113 “Some have been thought brave because they were afraid to run away.”
The same process occurs within the aquatic eco-
system. Phosphorous is not highly soluble, binding tightly
to molecules in soil therefore it mostly reaches water by
travelling with run off soil particles. Phosphates also enter
waterways through fertilizer run off, sewage seepage,
natural mineral deposits and waste from other industrial
processes. The phosphates settle on ocean floors and lake
bottoms. As sediments are stirred up, phosphates may re-
enter the phosphorous cycle, but they are more commonly
made available to aquatic organisms by being exposed
through erosion. Water plants take up the water born
phosphate which then travels up through successive
stages of the acquatic food chain.
P.Darpan
Continued from Page 84
the Minorities will be honoured. The other scheme
Campaign for Education will be launched on the anniver-
sary of former president A.P.J. Abdul Kalam on 15th
October 2017. This campaign will be held during 2017-18
and one hundred districts have been identified for this.
According to Shri Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi, Minister of
State (Independent Charge) joining ‘Digital India’ cam-
paign launched by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi,
the Ministry of Minority Affairs has made all its schemes
and programmes digital/ online. Even entire Haj process
has been made online this time and also a Haj mobile app
has been launched. A total of 1lakh 70 thousand pilgrims
will go to Haj from India this year. Saudi Arabia Govern-
ment has increased India’s Haj quota by 34,005. It’s a
significant increase in our country’s Haj quota after
several years.
Jiyo Parsi : Scheme for Containing Population
Decline of Parsis in India
The population of Parsis in India has declined from
1,14,000 in 1941 to 57264, in 2011 as per Census popu-
lation data. Some of the important causes for the decline
in Parsi population are late and non-marriages, fertility
decline, emigration, outmarriages and separation/
divorces.
There was a demand from the members of Parsi
community for Government intervention to arrest the
declining trend. Accordingly, a new scheme for contain-
ing the population decline of the notified minority com-
munity, Parsis, in India, ‘Jiyo Parsi’ was launched by the
Ministry of Minority Affairs in 2013. The objective of the
scheme is to reverse the declining trend of Parsi popula-
tion by adopting a scientific protocol and structured
interventions, stabilize their population and increase the
population of Parsis in India.
The scheme is a Central Sector Scheme with 100%
central funding as grants-in-aid. There is an outlay of 10
crore for the scheme (i.e., 2 crore for each year) for the
12th Plan period. The scheme is implemented through the
Parzor Foundation and Bombay Parsi Panchayat in
consultation with the local Anjumans.
P.Darpan

Indian Polity and
Constitution
★ Who was the Chairman of the
Committee on Fundamental
Rights and Minorities of the
Constituent Assembly ?
—Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
★ Which article of the Indian Con-
stitution deals with the pro-
visions with respect to an inter-
state council ?
—Article 263
★ Article 1 of the Indian Constitu-
tion describes India as a
—Union of States
★ Telangana emerged as the new
State of India on June 2, 2014. It
was the outcome of
—15th Lok Sabha
★ The ideals of liberty, equality
and fraternity in the Preamble
of the Indian Constitution are
inspired from the
—French Constitution
★ Which article of the Indian
Constitution ensures the equality
of opportunity in matters of
public employment to all
Indians ?
—Article 16
★ At present, how many funda-
mental duties are there in the
Indian Constitution ?
—Eleven
★ The normal term of Lok Sabha
can be extended by an Act of
Parliament itself during Emer-
gency for a period upto
—One year at a time
★ The Council of Ministers has no
option but to resign if it loses the
confidence of
—The Lok Sabha
★ The members of the Constituent
Assembly were elected
—Indirectly by the Provincial
Assemblies
PD/January/2018/114
Indian National
Movement
★ Which great Indian revolu-
tionary leader wrote “The
Philosophy of The Bomb” ?
—Bhagawati Charan Vohra
★ Parallel government in different
parts of India was a significant
feature of the
—Quit India Movement
★ Indian National Army had three
fighting brigades named after
great Indian leaders
—Subhash, Gandhi and Nehru
★ Which British Prime Minister
made a declaration on March 15,
1946 that British Cabinet Mission
would visit India ?
—Lord Attlee
★ In which session was Surendra-
nath Banerjee’s National Con-
ference merged with the Indian
National Congress ?
—Calcutta Session, 1886
★ In which session of the INC were
the resolutions of Fundamental
Rights and the National Eco-
nomic Programme passed ?
—Karachi Session, 1931
★ Which National Movement was
ended with the Chauri-Chaura
event ?
—Non-Cooperation Movement
★ Who called Mahatma Gandhi as
‘Mahatma’ for the first time ?
—Rabindranath Tagore
★ ‘Gita Rahasya’ was written by
Lokmanya Tilak during his
imprisonment in
—Mandalay Jail
★ ‘Ghadar’ newspaper was
published from
—San Francisco (USA)
History and Culture
of India
★ Who was the author of the
Prayaga Prasasti ? —Harisena
“Courage is the price that Life exacts for granting peace.”
★ Which dynasty of South India
claimed that its ancestors had
ruled at Ayodhya ?
—Chalukyas of Kalyani
★ Who is the author of the book
‘Padshahnama’ ?
—Abdul Hamid Lahori
★ Which Chola ruler assumed the
title of ‘Gangaikonda’ ?
—Rajendra I
★ During the reign of Sultan
Alauddin Khalji, a superinten-
dent of the market was known as
—Shahna-i-Mandi
★ Who is the author of the book on
the Vijayanagar empire named
‘A Forgotten Empire’ ?
—Sewell
★ Krishna Deva Raya was a great
ruler of Vijayanagar empire of
—The Tuluva Dynasty
★ In Shivaji’s Ashtapradhan,
foreign minister was known as
—Dabir (Sumant)
★ Who was the leader of the Kol
revolt in 1831-32 ?
—Buddhu Bhagat
★ Which British Governor-General
was credited with ending the
problem of Pindaris ?
—Lord Hastings
Economic Affairs
of India
★ Who has become the new chair-
man of the State Bank of India ?
—Rajnish Kumar
★ Who is the chairman of a task
force on ‘Public Credit Registry
for India’ formed by RBI ?
—Y.M. Deosthalee
★ What is India’s rank on the 2017
Global Hunger Index ?
—100th rank
★ What is India’s rank on the
Global Passport Power Rank-
2017 ? —75th rank
★ What is India’s rank on the
World Bank’s Ease of Doing
Business Index-2018 ?
—100th rank
★ The payment of foreign trade is
related with
—Balance of Payment
★ Which Bank is the latest entry in
RBI’s ‘Too Big to Fail Lenders
List’ ?
—HDFC Bank
★ The first credit Information Com-
pany in India was
—CIBIL
★ ‘International Day of Coope-
ratives’ is observed on
—July 7
★ ‘UDAY Yojana’ is associated
with
—‘Energy Distribution’
Geography
(India and the World)
★ Pamban is an island situated
between
—India and Sri Lanka
★ The equatorial forests in the
Amazon basin are also known as
—Selvas
★ Which kinds of rocks are also
known as ‘primary rocks’ ?
—Igneous rocks
★ The lines joining equal depths in
oceans are called
—Isobath
★ Antilles current and Carribean
current are two branches of the
oceanic current named
—North equatorial current
★ Which current mainly helps in
the formation of the Sargasso
sea ?
—Antilles current
★ The ‘Great Indian Desert’ is in
the rain shadow area of
—The Bay of Bengal Current
★ ‘Talcher’ is the famous coal field
of —Odisha
★ Banihal Pass connects Srinagar
with
—Jammu
★ Sunderban Delta is formed by
the rivers
—Ganga and Brahmaputra
PD/January/2018/115
★ The Indian state leading in coffee
Science & Technology production is
—Karnataka
★ Bifocal lens can be used as a ★ World Milk Day is observed on
remedy of —Presbyopia —June 1
★ Which noble gas is used in ★ Hard varieties of wheat are
airport landing lights and in light richer in —Gluten
houses ? —Krypton
★ Short duration crops are mainly
★ Colour vision in human eyes is suitable for
the function of photoreceptor
—Dry farming
cells named —Cone cells
★ ‘Chicks’, ‘Coorgs’ and ‘Margo-
★ Rutherford’s alpha-particle scat- gipes’ are major varieties of
tering experiment was responsi-
ble for the discovery of —Coffee
—Proton
Environment,
★ ‘Sleeping sickness’ is a parasitic
disease of humans and other
Biodiversity, Climate
animals. It is caused by
Change and Calamities
—Trypano soma
★ The term ‘brown air’ is used for
★ Dengue causes high fever, rashes —Industrial smog
and reduces the number of a
particular type of blood cells. ★ Organisation related to ‘Red
Those blood cells are Data Book’ or ‘Red List’ is
—Platelets —I.U.C.N.
★ Radon is —an inert gas ★ Which plant is referred to as the
‘pollution indicator’ ?
★ The phenomenon of radioactivity
—Lichen
was discovered by
—Henri Becquerel ★ ‘Centre for Marine Living
Resources and Ecology’ is
★ The main thinking part of the
located in —Kochi
brain is —Forebrain
★ World Wetlands Day is observed
★ The bond which is present
on —February 2
between water molecules is
★ Who is the first special envoy of
—Covalent bond
the UN for the oceans ?
—Peter Thomson
Agriculture
★ Where is the headquarters of the
International Union for Con-
★ Saline or alkaline soil is also servation of Nature (IUCN)
known as —Chopan located ?
★ Sabarmati, Taichung Native, —Gland (Switzerland)
Hansa are the high yielding
★ Who is the author of the book
varieties of —Rice
‘Evolution of Climate’ ?
★ Winter temperature between —C.E.P. Broeks
10°C to 15°C and the summer
★ Who is the author of the book
temperature between 21°C to
‘Climate and Evolution’ ?
25°C with rainless days and
bright sunshine are the ideal —W.D. Mathew
conditions for the cultivation of ★ The ‘Great Barrier Reef’ is
located in —Pacific Ocean
—Wheat
★ More than 80 per cent area of the
rubber plantation is concentrated Communication
in India in —Kerala
★ Sugarcane is one of the impor- ★ When signs are organized into
tant cash crops in India. It is systems, they will become
grown to obtain —Sucrose —Codes
“Life shrinks or expands in proportion to one’s courage.”
★ No new information is available
in
—Phatic communication
★ An informal type of discourse
that does not cover any func-
tional topics of conversation or
any transactions that need to be
addressed is referred to as
—Phatic communication
★ In communication, social mean-
ings are part of
—Interpretation
★ Jacobson’s Model of Communi-
cation has constituent factors
numbering —Six
★ When codes shape collective
perceptions, they are termed
—Ideological codes
★ In communication research, the
chi-square statistic is also
referred to as —Crosstabs
★ In analog mass communication,
contents are linear and
—Static
★ When codes govern signs and
when assembled together, they
become —Texts
★ Who has identified four types
of grapevine channels ‘Single
strand’, ‘Gossip’, ‘Probability’
‘Cluster’ in an organisation ?
—Keith Davis
Education and Child
Psychology
★ The most effective method to
encourage conceptual develop-
ment in students is
—Give students multiple examples
and encourage them to use
reasoning
★ Primary
school children will
learn most effectively in an
atmosphere
—where there emotional needs are
met and they feel that they are
valued
★ Individualized learning is a
method of teaching in which
content, instructional technology,
and pace of learning are based
upon
—the abilities and interest of
each other
PD/January/2018/116 “Life as brave men; and if fortune is adverse, front it blows with brave hearts.”
★ Sensitive period pertaining to ★ What is the national game of
language development is China ?
—Early childhood period —Table Tennis
★ According to Lev Vygotsky, the ★ Which Tennis Grand Slam
primary cause of cognitive deve- Tournament is played on
lopment is ‘Flushing Meadows’ ?
—Social interaction —US Open
★ According to Jean Piaget, which ★ FIFA Football World Cup is
is necessary for learning
scheduled to be organized in
—Active exploration of the 2018 in
environment by the teacher
—Russia
★ In a progressive classroom set-
★ Which Indian Cricketer is popu-
up, the teacher facilitates learn-
larly known as ‘Haryana
ing by providing an environment Hurricane’ ?
that
—Kapil Dev
—Promotes discovery
★ ‘Theory of multiple intelligence’
was proposed by Miscellany
—Howard Gardner
★ According to National Curri- ★ Who became the new Director-
culum Framework, 2005, the role General of UNESCO ?
of a teacher has to be —Audrey Azoulay of France
—Facilitative ★ World Day of Social Justice is
★ A teacher can enhance effective observed on
learning in his elementary class- —February 20
room by ★ Name the winner of the 2017
—Connecting the content to the Nobel Peace Prize
lives of the students —The International Campaign to
Abolish Nuclear Weapons
(ICAN)
Sports and Games
★ The Coalition Years : 1996-2012 is
a book written by
★ Which team emerged champion
of the FIFA Under-17 Football —Former President of India
Pranab Mukherjee
World Cup-2017 ? —England
★ ‘Chong’, ‘Khaiva’ and ‘Nuralim’
★ The Salt Lake Stadium where the
are forms of folk dances of
final of the FIFA U-17 World
—Nagaland
Cup-2017 organized, is located in
—Kolkata ★ ‘Pannalal Ghosh’, ‘Hari Prasad
★ Which team won the Asia Cup Chaurasia’ and B. Kunjamani are
Hockey (Men’s) Title-2017 ? famous exponents of —Flute
—India ★ ‘Binary language’ consists of
how many digits ? —2
★ Who emerged champion of the
2017 Formula One Champion- ★ ‘Major’ in the Indian Army is
ship equivalent to the rank of
—Mercedes’ driver Lewis —Squadron Leader in the Indian
Hamilton Air Force
★ The headquarters of the World
★ ‘Max Verstappen’, ‘Daniel
Ricciardo’ and ‘Valtteri Bottas’ Intellectual Property Organisa-
are famous sportspersons of tion (WIPO) is located in
—Formula One Race —Geneva
★ ‘Deuce’, ‘Smash’, ‘Chip Shot’, ★ ‘Kyodo’ is the news agency of
‘Love’ etc. are terms associated
—Japan
with the game of
P.Darpan
—Lawn Tennis
 Important Concepts in News
ART AND CULTURE
Aikido
The Japanese martial art of
Aikido is a comprehensive system of
throwing, joint-locking, striking and
pinning techniques, coupled with
training in traditional Japanese
weapons such as the sword, staff and
knife. Founded by Morihei Ueshiba
early in the twentieth century
following his own extensive study of
various armed and unarmed martial
systems, Aikido represents a potent
distillation of centuries of Japanese
martial knowledge. It is one of the
most widely practiced budo, or
martial way, in the world.
Bommala Koluvu
Bommala Koluvu is a doll and
figurine display festival celebrated
during the festival of Navratri in
Southern India. It is customary in the
states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh.
Dasara in south India is synony-
mous with ‘Bommala Koluvu,’ the
arrangement of idols and dolls in the
form of step-like horizontal arrays.
It’s not just about the deities from the
Hindu pantheon, but the ‘Bommala
Koluvu’ thematically represents
social events such as marriage, village
shandy, public gathering etc.
Tillana
A Tillana or thillana is a rhythmic
piece in Carnatic music that is
generally performed at the end of a
concert and widely used in classical
Indian dance performances. A Tillana
uses tala-like phrases in the pallavi
and anupallavi, and lyrics in the
charanam. Some have theorized that
it is based on the Hindustani tarana.
ENVIRONMENT AND
POLLUTION
Jeevamrutam
Jeevamrutham is an organic
input for agriculture. This is used
instead of DAP and Urea which are
chemical inputs. This can be applied
PD/January/2018/117 “Courage is the ladder on which all the other virtues mount.”
for any crop to enrich the soil and
also increase the greenery in the
plants and crops. First application
within one week from the date of
harvest: or within one week from
sowing the crop. This application has
to be applied in wet soil. The next
application is required by watching
the crop towards the greenery and it
can be applied whenever the greenery
is less in the plants/crops. This is
produced from Cow Dung, Cow
Urine, Jagerry and pulses. The nitro-
gen requirement of the soil will be
enriched. Jeevamrutham mixed with
micro organisms, when it is applied
in soil, it slowly dissolves in soil and
releases micro organisms.
The Environmental Planning
& Coordination Organisation
(EPCO)
The Environmental Planning &
Coordination Organisation (EPCO)
was established by the Housing and
Environment Department of the
Government of Madhya Pradesh in
1981 and presently under the Urban
Development and Environment
Department of the Government of
Madhya Pradesh. Its foundation
stone was laid by Smt. Indira Gandhi,
in the 50 acre ‘Paryavaran Parisar’.
Over the years, EPCO has steadily
grown to become the State’s premier
organization in the field of environ-
ment related matters. It has worked
closely with the State Government on
various projects; yet it has established
its own identity as an autonomous
organization. It is a think-tank for
environmental matters, but is also
project oriented.
Furnace Oil and Pet Coke
Furnace oil is a dark viscous
residual fuel obtained by blending
mainly heavier components from
crude distillation unit, short residue
and clarified oil from fluidized
catalytic cracker unit.
Pet coke is a final carbon-rich
solid material that is derived from oil
refining, and is one type of the group
of fuels referred to as cokes. Petcoke
is over 90 per cent carbon and emits 5
to 10 per cent more carbon dioxide
(CO2) than coal on a per-unit-of-
energy basis when it is burned. As
petcoke has a higher energy content,
petcoke emits between 30 and 80 per
cent more CO2 than coal per unit of
weight.
Furnace Oil and Pet Coke are
used by cement factories, dyeing
units, paper mills, brick kilns and
ceramics manufacturers. Furnace oil
has 15,000- 23,000 ppm sulphur and
Petcoke 69,000-74,000 ppm sulphur.
They emit sulphur oxide and nitro-
gen oxide, which form particulate
matter, tiny particles that can pene-
trate deep into the lungs.
The Supreme Court on October
24, 2017 asked three states(Rajasthan,
Haryana and Uttar Pradesh) to ban
two cheap but highly polluting
industrial fuels Furnace Oil and Pet
Coke.
SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY CONCEPTS
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate
(PETN)
Pentaerythritol tetranitrate, or
PETN, is a highly explosive organic
compound belonging to the same
chemical family as nitroglycerin and
nitrocellulose. It is a sensitive com-
pound and is easily detonated by an
appropriate mechanical shock and is
one of the most powerful explosive
materials known.
PETN was first prepared and
patented in 1894 by the explosives
manufacturer Rheinisch-Westfalische
Sprengstoff in Germany. It was intro-
duced as a commercial explosive after
World War I.
The deadly explosive is valued in
both military and civilian applica-
tions for its shattering force and
efficiency. Mixed with the extremely
powerful compound RDX in an
appropriate solvent, PETN forms a
plastic explosive mixture known as
Semtex. PETN is a valued weapon in
terrorist bombings, because of its
explosive power, its ability to be
moulded and fitted into unusual
packages, and the difficulty of
detecting the organic compound with
X-ray and other conventional equip-
ment.
Wheat Blast
Wheat Blast is an agricultural
disease that can cause more than 75
per cent yield loss in affected fields,
rendering the region non-cultivable
for years. It is caused by the
‘Magnaporthe oryzae’ fungus, the
one which causes Rice Blast. The
fungus is known to occur in 85
countries worldwide. Wheat Blast
was first identified in 1985 in Brazil
and has thereafter spread to Bolivia
and Paraguay. It has become a
dreaded agricultural disease for
South America. It can cause more
than 75 % yield loss in affected fields,
rendering the region non-cultivable
for wheat. In 2011, Wheat Blast was
detected in the US but the situation
was controlled immediately. Bangla-
desh first detected the disease some
months earlier and notified it in the
first week of April. Bangladesh has so
far burnt down standing wheat crop
in 15,000 hectares to control the
disease. Wheat is second biggest
grain in Bangladesh. The consequen-
ces of a wider outbreak in South Asia
could be devastating to a region of
300 mn malnourished people, whose
inhabitants consume 100 million
tonnes of wheat each year.
Nomophobia
Nomophobia is the irrational fear
of being without your mobile phone
or being unable to use your phone for
some reason, such as the absence of a
signal or running out of minutes or
battery power. A phobia is by
definition an irrational fear. In the
case of nomophobia, the events that
the user fears are not terribly unlikely,
so that part of it isn’t irrational. What
is irrational is the degree of discom-
fort the users feel at the thought of
being, in effect, separated from their
smartphones.
The word nomophobia is a port-
manteau made up of no + mobile +
phone + phobia. The term was created
PD/January/2018/118 “The bravest thing you can do when you are not brave is to profess courage and act accordingly.”
by YouGov, a research organization Infantry is now ‘fully raised’. Two
based in the United Kingdom. In a Para-SF units will also be part of the
2008 study, researchers reported that division.
53% of mobile users felt anxious
when they were unable to use their CONSTUTITIONAL AND
mobile phones and over half of users ADMINISTRATIVE
never shut their phones off. CONCEPTS
DEFENCE / SECURITY Bureau of Indian Standards
CONCEPTS (BIS) Act 2016
Nyoma Airfield Project A new Bureau of Indian
standards (BIS) Act 2016 which was
India’s Air Force beefs up the
notified on 22nd March, 2016, has
Ladakh front as a search for a new
been brought into force with effect
airfield is expected to revive IAF’s
from 12th October, 2017. The Act
Nyoma airfield project. Nyoma is
establishes the Bureau of Indian
located at a height of 13,000 feet and
Standards (BIS) as the National
India stopped using it after the war
Standards Body of India. The Act has
with China in 1962, but reactivated it
enabling provisions for the Govern-
in 2009. The Nyoma airstrip is only
ment to bring under compulsory
23 kms behind the Line of Actual
certification regime any goods or
Control with China, where IAF has
article of any scheduled industry,
been able to land the latest acquired
process, system or service which it
C-130 Hercules aircraft. Nyoma air
considers necessary in public interest
base is being converted into a full
or for the protection of human,
fledged fighter and heavy transport
animal or plant health, safety of the
airbase. This airbase will be a cause of
environment, or prevention of unfair
great strategic concern for China.
trade practices, or national security.
From this airbase Indian Air Force
Enabling provisions have also been
can launch a very punishing air strike
made for making hall-marking of the
against many major Chinese strategic
precious metal articles mandatory.
locations. Nyoma will also extend
The new Act also allows multiple
logistical support to Indo-Tibetan
type of simplified conformity assess-
Border Police and Ladakh Scouts for
ment schemes including self-declara-
patrolling on the LAC. Nyoma over-
tion of conformity against a standard
looks the highway used by the
which will give simplified options
Chinese PLA.
to manufacturers to adhere to the
Mountain Strike Corps standards and get certificate of con-
formity. The Act enables the Central
XVII Corps of Indian army is the
Government to appoint any autho-
first mountain strike corps of India
rity/agency, in addition to the BIS, to
which has been built as a quick
verify the conformity of products and
reaction force as well as counter
services to a standard and issue
offensive force against China along
certificate of conformity. Further,
LAC . Its headquarters are located at
there is provision for repair or recall,
Panagarh in West Bengal. The Indian
including product liability of the
Army continues to beef up its capa-
products bearing Standard Mark but
bilities against China even as the
not conforming to the relevant Indian
border with Pakistan is getting
Standard. The new Act will further
increasingly active. The Indian army
help in ease of doing business in the
is moving to raise a second infantry
country, give fillip to Make In India
division for its mountain strike corps
campaign and ensure availability of
on the northern border that will be
quality products and services to the
part of the nearly 90,000 strong 17
consumers.
Corps. The process may take up to
three years. Two divisions—59 Judicial Performance Index
Infantry and 72 Division will form the A unique measure of establish-
core of the fighting strength. 59 ing a judicial performance index has
been suggested by Centre’s think-
tank Niti Aayog, to help the high
courts and its chief justices to keep
track of performance and process
improvement at the district courts
and subordinate levels for reducing
delays. Charting this out in its three-
year action agenda recently released
by it, the Niti Aayog has stated that
it will require fixing flexible time
frames for different types of cases as
broad guidelines, to benchmark when
a case has been delayed.
It has added that by using exist-
ing infrastructure and data, indicators
could be created to see that for how
long cases have been pending. Also
what percentage of cases have been
delayed and how many cases were
disposed of in the last year, com-
pared to the year before.
The index can also include
certain steps approved by the high
courts, like burden of daily activity
being removed from judges and
given to administrative officials. Such
an annual evaluation will help give
judges in High Courts and district
courts, a sense of where they are
failing and what they need to fix.
G. Rohini Commission ECONOMIC AND
President Ramnath Kovind on FINANCIAL CONCEPTS
October 2, 2017, constituted a com-
Global Financial Center
mission to examine the sub-classi-
Index (GFCI)
fication of the Other Backward
Classes under the chairmanship of G. The Global Financial Centres
Index (GFCI) is a ranking of the
Rohini, former Chief Justice of Delhi
competitiveness of financial centres
High Court. The President consti-
based on over 29,000 financial centre
tuted this Commission while exercis-
assessments from an online question-
ing the powers conferred under
naire together with over 100 indices
Article 340 of Indian Constitution.
from organisations such as the World
The terms of reference of the Bank, the Organisation for Economic
Commission are as under : (i) to Cooperation and Development
examine the extent of inequitable (OECD), and the Economist Intelli-
distribution of benefits of reservation gence Unit. The first index was
among the castes or communities published in March 2007. It has
been jointly published twice per year
included in the broad category of
by Z/Yen Group in London and
Other Backward Classes with
the China Development Institute
reference to such classes included in inShenzhen since 2015, and is widely
the Central List; (ii) to work out the quoted as a source for ranking
mechanism, criteria, norms and para- financial centres.
meters in a scientific approach for
The ranking is an aggregate of
sub-categorisation within such Other indices from five key areas : ‘business
Backward Classes; and (iii) to take environment’, ‘financial sector deve-
up the exercise of identifying the lopment’, ‘infrastructure factors’,
respective castes or communities or ‘human capital’, ‘reputation and
sub-castes or synonyms in the Central general factors’. London has topped
List of Other Backward Classes and in the 2017 Global Financial Centres
classifying them into their respective Index (GFCI) among 92 financial
sub-categories. centres. P.Darpan

GROWTH OF INTERNET AND DATA USAGE IN INDIA

India is witnessing unprecedented growth 80 million mobile Internet subscribers added India has more 4G subscribers
in data usage. Overall data usage has in the past year; significant conversion
jumped 9 times in the past year with 4G 2G data 3G 4G (million)
from narrowband to broadband (million)
accounting for more than 80 per cent of 200
500.0
total data usage. India has more 4G users Mobile narrowband
than 3G or 2G data subscribers. On an Mobile broadband 400.0
average, a 4G subscribers uses 150
7.8GB/month (this is>4 times that of 3G). 142.3 127.0
152.0 300.0
Total number of internet subscribers has
171.7 100
increased from 422.19 million at the end of 185.0
March-2017 to 431.21 million at the end of 200.0
June-2017, registering a quarterly growth 257.7 282.0 50
rate of 2.14%. Out of 431.21 million, wired 173.9 217.4 100.0
144.2
Internet subscribers are 21.67 million and
wireless Internet subscribers are 0.0 0
409.55 million 1QFY17 2QFY17 3QFY17 4QFY17 1QFY18 2QFY17 3QFY17 4QFY17 1QFY18

Overall data usage has jumped 9 times in the past year 4G accounts for >80% of total data usage Urban India has ~71%
Total data (mn MB) 2G 3G 4G CDMA Internet penetration
(Data traffic mix, %) (%)
4,206,415 4,500,000 1 100 80
11 4 70.8
3,462,574 2 0 70
3,600,000 80 60
2,867,048 36
2,700,000 60 50
62 85 86 81
43 32.9 40
1,800,000 40 30
744,776 900,000
15.5 20
477,101 20
25 11 3 11 3 16 2 10
16
0 0 0
1QFY17 2QFY17 3QFY17 4QFY17 1QFY18 1QFY17 2QFY17 3QFY17 4QFY17 1QFY18 Urban Rural Total
Source: TRAI, IIFL Research

PD/January/2018/119 “Courage is fear that has said its prayers.”

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 Annual Report 2016-17
Research and Development Activities in Drinking
Water and Sanitation Sector : Scaling New
Heights—A Dire Need in 21st Century
Based on the the Annual Report
2016-17 of the Ministry of Drinking
Water and Sanitation (MoDW&S,
Government of India–GOI), several
achievements were made during the
year. These can be summarised in
brief as :
National Rural Drinking
Water Programme (NRDWP)
➠ The importance of ensuring
adequate and safe drinking
water to a nation’s population is
paramount. With that aim the
National Rural Drinking Water
Programme (NRDWP) was
started in 2009, to ensure water
availability in terms of portabi-
lity, adequacy, convenience,
affordability and equity.
➠ The Ministry (MoDW&S, GOI) is
currently focusing on tightening
supervision of implementation
of the programme at the Central
level. There is renewed focus on
achieving 100% Piped Water
Supply to households in a time
bound manner through intensive
monitoring of the water supply
schemes. Consequently, the
Ministry has upgraded its Inte-
grated Management Information
System (IMIS) and the focus has
shifted from habitation wise
monitoring approach to a scheme
wise one.
➠ Efforts are underway to streng-
then the implementation of the
NRDWP, make it more outcome-
oriented and focused on sustai-
nability. To ensure that desired
outcomes are achieved in quicker
time frame, the Ministry has
recommended priority financing
of schemes, which are in
advanced stages of completion
(those which are 75% and above
complete and those which are
50%-75% complete).
➠ About 77 per cent of rural habita-
tions in India have achieved a
PD/January/2018/122 “A coward turns away, but a brave man’s choice is danger.”
fully covered (FC) status (40
litres per capita per day), under
the NRDWP, and 55 per cent of
the rural population has access to
tap water. In addition, the
Ministry has taken special steps
to address the issue of water
quality in the schemes. A sub-
mission programme is being
implemented that aims to
eliminate the problems of water
quality, by 2020, in about 28,000
habitations affected by Arsenic
and Fluoride. In the next phase,
the MoDWS will focus on other
contaminants such as; nitrate,
salinity, iron.
➠ To strengthen Integrated Water
Resources Management, the
Ministry is coordinating the
implementation of new Under
Graduate and Post Graduate
courses focused on holistic water
management at engineering
colleges in Madhya Pradesh.
These will then be scaled across
the country.
Swachh Bharat Mission—
Gramin
➠ Access to safe sanitation and
ending of the practice of open
defecation is critical for India, as
it has been linked with several
health issues, especially among
children. According to various
studies, lack of safe sanitation is
a significant contributor to under
five mortality, and is responsible
for the physical and cognitive
stunting of over 40% of India’s
children. This is not allowing a
large proportion of our children
to achieve their full potential and
is an impediment in the overall
development of the country.
Open defecation is also a threat
to the safety and dignity of
women.
➠ With the aim of achieving an
Open Defecation Free (ODF) and
clean India by 2nd October, 2019,
the Hon’ble Prime Minister
launched the Swachh Bharat
Mission, focusing on outcomes of
ODF, instead of outputs of toilet
construction. The Mission is cen-
tered on behaviour change and
community participation, with
the aim of making sanitation
‘everyone’s business’.
➠ Since launch, remarkable pro-
gress has been made in acce-
lerating rural sanitation coverage
and creating ODF communities.
The rural sanitation coverage
that stood at just 42% at the start
of the Mission, is now over
60%. In FY 2016-17 alone, rural
sanitation coverage has seen an
increase of over eight percentage
points. As on 1st February, 2017,
a total of 1,51,451 villages, 85
districts and three States have
been declared ODF (up from
53,973 villages, 9 districts and one
state at the start of FY 2016-17).
Following are some of the impor-
tant initiatives undertaken by the
Ministry in FY 2016-17 :
1. Capacity building, knowledge
sharing and monitoring :
◆ Trainings in Community Led
Total Sanitation (CLTS) through
Virtual Classrooms.
◆ Young Professionals (Zila
Swachh Bharat Preraks) are
being deployed in all districts of
India sponsored by a leading
private sector philanthropic orga-
nization.
◆ All villages along the banks of
the Ganga being prioritized to be
made ODF by 31st March, 2017.
◆ Launch of Swachh Sangrah, a
Central knowledge management
portal.
◆ Several National and State level
events and workshops for BDOs,
collectors and Principal Secreta-
ries on sanitation, technology
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P.Darpan
01. In IFPRI’s survey report 2017, (A) Paradeep 15. MSP of wheat for marketing year
India’s rank in 119 countries List (B) Mumbai 2018-19 has been raised from
on Global Hunger Index stands 1,625 per Quintal (2017-18) to—
(C) Kocchi
at— (A) 1,685 per Q
(D) Kandla
(A) 98th rank (B) 1,710 per Q
(B) 99th rank 09. Global Hunger Report 2017
estimated India’s Hunger Index (C) 1,735 per Q
(C) 100th rank
at the level 31·4 which places (D) 1,785 per Q.
(D) 101st rank
India in…… category. 16. Which of the following topped
02. Which one of the following (A) Moderate the list of country’s top 50 brands
Public Sector Undertakings was (B) Serious recently announced ?
the last to join ‘Maharatna’ club ? (C) Alarming (A) HDFC Bank
(A) BEL (B) BPCL (D) Extremely Alarming (B) Reliance Jio
(C) EIL (D) IOC (C) SBI
10. ‘Mission 11 Million’ is a new
03. At end of November 2017, how scheme of government associa- (D) Airtel
many PSUs are members of ted with— 17. ‘PENCIL-Platform’ a web portal
‘Navratna’ Club ? (A) Employment promotion created by the government is
(A) 14 (B) 15 (B) Health awareness among associated with—
(C) 16 (D) 17 school children (A) Compulsory child educa-
tion
04. Which of the following nations (C) Football playing in school
children (B) Adult Education
stands at the top in Global
(C) No child labour
Competitive Index 2017-18 ? (D) Rural Electricity Supply
(D) None of the above
(A) Switzerland 11. National Consumers’ Day falls
(B) USA 18. ‘Sankalp’ and ‘Strive’ are two
on—
new schemes which got the
(C) Singapore (A) December 18 financial support from—
(D) China (B) December 24 (A) IMF
05. During H1 of 2017-18 (April 17– (C) January 18 (B) World Bank
September 2017) India’s foreign (D) January 24 (C) UNESCO
trade deficit stood at—
12. Which Asian country emerged (D) ADB
(A) $ 68·13 billion top on the “Global Passport
19. Which Indian State emerged top
(B) $ 72·13 billion Power Rank 2017” ?
in private corporate investment
(C) $ 81·32 billion (A) Singapore for 2016-17 as per RBI study ?
(D) $ 89·13 billion (B) Hong Kong (A) Maharashtra
06. During first half of 2017-18, the (C) Japan (B) Karnataka
percentage growth (in dollar (D) China (C) Tamil Nadu
value) in India’s exports stood 13. India jumps….… spots to…… in (D) Gujarat
at— World Bank’s Ease of Doing
(A) 11·5% (B) – 11·5% Business Ranking 2018. 20. Capital Adequacy Ratio of
(C) 25·0% (D) – 25·0% Scheduled Commercial Banks at
(A) 30, 90 (B) 28, 105
end March 2017 was—
07. During first half of 2017-18, the (C) 25, 100 (D) 30, 100
(A) 10·9% (B) 13·6%
percentage growth (in dollar 14. Which of the following nations
value) in India’s imports stood (C) 18·2% (D) 21·8%
topped the list of World Bank’s
at— Ease of Doing Business Ranking 21. During 2016-17, India’s trade
(A) 11·5% (B) – 11·5% 2018 ? deficit stood……... per cent of
(C) 25·0% (D) – 25·0% (A) New Zealand country’s GDP.
(B) Singapore (A) 1·6% (B) 1·9%
08. Which of the following ports is
(C) Denmark (C) 2·3% (D) 2·6%
now known as Pandit Deen
Dayal Upadhyaya Port ? (D) South Korea Continued on Page 156

PD/January/2018/126
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16. If an Indian resident changes
his/her status to non resident
Indian, his investments in Public
Provident Fund—
(A) Will be redeemed imme-
diately
(B) The account is deemed to be
closed the day the status of the
account holder changes to NRI
(C) Can continue till maturity
but no fresh investments will be
permitted
(D) The principal amount will
have to be withdrawn immedia-
tely, but the accrued interest can
continue till maturity
17. Which is the world’ second most
valued Unicorn(after Uber) ?
(A) Didi Chuxing
(B) Xiaomi
(C) Airbnb
(D) Palantir Technologies
18. Which company was widely
assumed to be affected by the
Osborne Effect, recently ?
(A) Google (B) Amazon
(C) Facebook (D) Apple
19. What will happen to PPF and
NSC accounts in case status of
the holders changes from
resident to non-resident Indians
(NRIs).
I. In the case of public provi-
dent fund (PPF), The
account is deemed to be
closed the day the status of
the account holder changes
to NRI.
II. Such holders will earn only
post office savings account
rate of 4% and not the higher
rate on those instruments
when the status was one of a
resident.
III. With regard to NSC it is
deemed to be encashed on
the day the holder becomes
an NRI.
The correct code is—
(A) I and III are correct
(B) Only I is correct
(C) Only II is correct
(D) I, II and III are correct
20. India’s rank in World Bank ‘s
‘Ease of doing Business’ Index
2017 is—
PD/January/2018/128
(A) 100th (B) 110th
(C) 120th (D) 130th
21. India improved its ranking in
World Bank’s’ Ease of Doing
Business’ Index from 130th to
100th in 2017. This improvement
is due to improvement in the
following :
I. Protecting minority inves-
tors
II. Getting credit
III. Paying Taxes
IV. Resolving insolvency
V. Enforcing contracts
The correct code is—
(A) I, II and III
(B) II, III and IV
(C) III, IV and V
(D) All of the above
22. Which of the following state-
ments is correct about World
Bank’s ‘Ease of Doing Business’
Index 2017 ?
(A) New Zealand is at the top in
this Index
(B) India is at the top in South
Asia, except Bhutan
(C) India jumped up 30 notches
into the top100 rankings
(D) All of the above
23. India’s rank in World Economic
Forum’s Global Gender Gap
Index, 2017 is—
(A) 108th (B) 121st
(C) 132nd (D) 136th
24. India’s rank in World Economic
Forum’s Global Competitiveness
Index, 2017-18 is 40th. Which
country is at the top ?
(A) USA
(B) Japan
(C) Switzerland
(D) Norway
25. World Economic Forum
measures competitiveness of
countries by Global Competitive-
ness Index. The Global Competi-
tiveness Index (GCI) is prepared
on the basis of country-level data
covering—
(A) 12 pillars of competitiveness
(B) 8 pillars of competitiveness
(C) 6 pillars of competitiveness
(D 4 pillars of competitiveness
26. India has jumped 12 places to
40th rank globally in travel and
tourism competitiveness Index,
2017. This Index is prepared and
released by—
(A) World Economic Forum
(WEF)
(B) International Air Transport
Association (IATA)
(C) World Bank
(D) United Nations Industrial
Development Organization
(UNIDO)
27. Which of the following Centrally
sponsored programmes has been
re-named as RAFTAAR ?
(A) Ahmadabad-Mumbai High
Speed Rail Network
(B) Rashtriya Krishi Vikas
Yojana
(C) Regional Air Connectivity
Scheme
(D) Ajeevika Express
28. 9th BRICS Summit was held in
Xiamen (China) on 3-5 Septem-
ber, 2017. Which of the following
statements is correct about it ?
(A) Prime Minister Narendra
Modi participated in it despite
Doklam standoff.
(B) A joint communiqué
released named Taliban, IS/
Daes, Al-Qaeda and its affiliates
including the Eastern Turkistan
Islamic Movement , The Haqqani
network, Laskar-e-Taiba, Jaish-e-
Mohammad,TTP, and Hizbul
–ut-tahir as sources of violence
(C) Member countries are
unanimous about Implementa-
tion of Paris Climate Agreement
(D) All of the above
29. Article 35A of Indian Constitu-
tion is in the news in 2017. Which
of the following statements is
correct in this regard ?
I. Article 35A restricts citizens
from other states from
getting employment or buy-
ing property within Jammu
and Kashmir.
II. A Delhi based NGO ‘WE the
citizens’ filed a PIL in the
Supreme Court seeking that
Article 35A should be
abrogated.
 III. Article 35A was incorpora-
ted into the Indian Constitu-
tion in 1954 by an order of
the then President of India
on the advice of the Prime
Minister.
IV. It accords special privileges
to Jammu & Kashmir citi-
zens and empowers state
legislature to frame separate
law for the state. Clause
denies women and descen-
dants of any property rights
should they marry outsiders.
36. In terms of the Employees’ Pro-
Correct code is—
(A) Only IV
(B) Only I and IV
(C) Only II and III
(D) I, II, III and IV
30. ‘No Detention Policy’ is related
to—
(A) Elementary Education
(B) Unlawful detention of the
accused in economic offences
(C) AFSPA
(D) None of the above
31. Which of the following days was
certified as the world’s busiest
shopping day in 2016 ?
(A) Black Friday
(B) Singles Day
(C) Cyber Day
(D) Thanksgiving Day
32. Which Country has the highest
proportion of online sales to total
sales ?
37. During 2016-17, gross bank credit
(A) USA
(B) China
(C) South Korea
(D) Australia
33. Which famous brand is named
after a character from the novel
Moby Dick ?
(A) Wendy’s
(B) Pepsi
(C) Budweiser
(D) Starbucks
34. Governor of which Central Bank
recently( Mid 2017) feared that
his country was in danger of
experiencing a Minsky Moment ?
(A) Canada (B) India
(C) Norway (D) China
35. According to the Employees’
Funds and Miscellaneous Pro-
PD/January/2018/129
visions Act, 1952 ,an employee
needs to contribute his share
based on the :
I. Basic Wage
II. Dearness Allowance
III. Retainership Allowance
IV. Cash value of food conces-
sions
(A) Only I
(B) Only I and II
(C) I, II and III only
(D) I, II, III and IV
vident Funds and Miscellaneous
Act, 1952, International worker
means—
I. It is a foreign employee who
holds a non-Indian passport
and works for an establish-
ment in India that is covered
by the EPF.
II. An Indian employee who
goes to work in a country
with which he has a Social
Security Agreement and
who is eligible to avail the
benefits under the social
security programme of that
country by virtue of contri-
bution.
Which of the above statements is
correct ?
(A) Only I
(B) Only II
(C) Both I and II
(D) Neither I nor II
outstanding grew at around 7
per cent on an average. The
sluggish growth can be attribu-
ted to—
I. Incomplete transmission of
the monetary policy as
banks had not passed on the
entire benefit of monetary
easing to borrowers.
II. Problem of twin balance
sheet.
III. More attractive interest rates
for borrowers in the bond
market and non-banking
financial institutions.
Correct code is—
(A) Only I
(B) Only I and II
(C) Only III
(D) I, II and III
38. India’s scheduled Commercial
banks’ capital to risk weighted
assets ratio (CRAR) stood at ……
per cent in March 2017.
(A) 12·5% (B) 13·4%
(C) 13·6% (D) 14·2%
39. ‘Paradise Papers’—
(A) Exposed 714 Indian entities
linked to offshore accounts
(B) Data leaks are mainly from
two firms- Bermuda’s law firm
Appleby and Singapore’s family
owned trust company Asiaciti
(C) Include 7 million loan agree-
ments, financial statements,
emails, trust deeds etc.
(D) Include all of the above
40. Consider the following state-
ments in relation to the awards
given by Ministry of Housing
and Urban Affairs for best trans-
port practices in 2017.
I. H-TRIMS the traffic mana-
gement initiative of Hydera-
bad, has been chosen for the
best Commendable Initiative
award.
II. Surat Municipal Corpora-
tion has won the ‘Best City
Services Award’.
III. Mysuru’s public bicycle
sharing got the best non-
motorised transport award
Which of the above statements
is/are correct ?
(A) Only I
(B) Only I and II
(C) I, II and III
(D) Only III
Answers with Hints
1. (A) Uttarakhand government has
decided to provide 1 lakh loan
to 2 lakh farmers at two per cent
interest rate under Pt. Deen
Dayal Upadhyay Cooperative
Farmers’ welfare scheme.
2. (C) The main difference between
wet and dry lease is that in the
former, the equipment is leased
out along with the crew. There-
fore, Aircrafts are the most likely
to use this form of leasing.
3. (D) The book has been authored
by Dr. Raghuram G Rajan, ex-
governor of RBI. The other three
Continued on Page 154
 Note—This paper contains fifty
(50) objective type questions of two (2)
marks each. All questions are com-
pulsory.
1. A procedure that establishes a
sequence of responses which lead
to a reward following the final
response and then working back-
wards is called—
(A) Shaping
(B) Stimulus control
(C) Chaining
(D) Stimulus generalization
2. In a study on scaling of attitude
items, eleven statements were
included. What would be the
number of pairs of attitude state-
ments ?
(A) 21 (B) 55
(C) 110 (D) 121
3. Who first attempted to describe
personality traits in terms of
Lexican descriptors ?
(A) Ross Stagner
(B) Allport and Odbert
(C) R.B. Cattell
(D) Coasta and McCrae
4. Read each of the following two
statements—Assertion (A) and
Reason (R) and indicate your
answer using codes given below—
Assertion (A) : Classical con-
ditioning is quick when UCS is
presented immediatelyu after CS
rather than before.
Reason (R) : According to cogni-
tive perspective, classical condi-
tioning occurs because CS provides
expectancy about the coming of
UCS.
Codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and
(R) is the correct explanation
of (A)
(B) Both (A) and(R) are true, but
(R) is not the correct explana-
tion of (A)
(C) (A) is true but (R) is false
(D) (A) is false but (R) is true
5. Which of the following have been
explained by Freud in his psycho-
analytic theory of motivation ?
PD/January/2018/130
1. Homeostasis (A) Interesting / disinteresting
2. Drives learning material
2. Hedonism (B) Goal behind learning
3. Instincts (C) Gender
Codes : (D) Some rest after learning
(A) 1, 2 and 4 only 9. In terms of efficiency in scanning
(B) 1, 3 and 4 only information, which one of the
(C) 2, 3 and 4 only following strategies is considered
(D) 1, 2 and 3 only to be the best ?
6. Match List-I with List–II and select (A) Conservative focusing
the correct answer by choosing from (B) Focus gambling
the codes given below— (C) Simultaneous scanning
List-I (D) Successive scanning
(Concept) 10. In retrograde amnesia, which of
(a) Trait the following kind of problem is
(b) Type seen ?
(c) System (A) Problems with recalling pre-
(d) Temperament viously learned material
List-II (B) Problems with face recogni-
(Explanation) tion
1. Specific emotional and be- (C) Difficulty finding routes
havioural qualities of person- (D) Poor encoding of verbal ma-
ality that are thought to be terial
biologically based. 11. Read each of the following two
2. A collection of highly inter- statements–Assertion (A) and
connected traits or disposi- Reason (R) and indicate your
tions which determine person- answer using codes given below :
ality integration. Assertion (A) : Extraverted in-
3. Clustering of many stable dividiuals are sociable, impulsive
and enduring dispositions or and like excitement.
qualities. Reason (R) : Brains of extraverts
4. Consistent pattern of emo- react more slowly and weakly to
tional and behavioural reac- stimuli which cause them to see
tions a person displays across kexcitement by approaching the
variety of situations. environment.
Codes : Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d) (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and
(A) 1 2 3 4 (R) is the correct explanation
(B) 2 1 3 4 of (A)
(C) 3 2 4 1 (B) Both (A) and(R) are true, but
(D) 4 3 2 1 (R) is not the correct explana-
7. Which of the following is correctly tion of (A)
arranged ? (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(A) Encoding—retrieval—stor- (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true
age 12. Match List-I with List-II and select
(B) Encoding—storage—retrie- the correct answer by choosing
val from the codes given below—
(C) Storage—encoding—retrie- List-I
val (Concepts)
(D) Retrieval—encoding—stor- (a) Personality Structure
age (b) Personality Process
8. Which one of the follwoing does (c) Personality Development
not contribute to memory ? (d) Psychopathology and Change
 List-II (A) Anorexia 3. It was difficult to name the
(Explanation) (B) Obesity abilities (factors)
1. Psychological reactions and (C) Low level of Leptin 4. Guilford also found second-
motives that change dynami- (D) Hypoinsulinemia order and higher-order factors.
cally over relatively brief 17. Match List-I with List–II and select Codes :
periods. the correct answer by choosing (A) 1 and 2 only
2. Stable and enduring qualities from the codes given below— (B) 2 and 3 only
that define the individual and List-I (C) 1 , 2 and 3 only
distinguish individuals from (Attitude Scaling Technique) (D) 1, 2 3 and 4
one another. (a) Paired comparison 21. AIDS attack a number of very
3. People sometimes change and (b) Scalogram
sometimes resist change or are different population; young gay
(c) Equal appearing intervals men, intravenous drug users,
unable to change accordingly. (d) Summated ratings
4. Everybody comes up to be an haemophiliacs, Haitians, infants
List-II and recipients of blood transfusion,
unique individual by adult- (Computational Feature)
hood. but commonly among them is the
1. Computes median category decrease in T lymphocytes, so it is
Codes : as scale values
(a) (b) (c) (d) an example of—
2. Computes Z-scores as esti- (A) Inductive reasoning
(A) 1 2 3 4 mates of scale values
(B) 2 3 4 1 (B) Deductive reasoning
3. Computes coefficient of re- (C) Analogical reasoning
(C) 2 1 4 3 producibility
(D) 3 1 2 4 (D) Syllogism
4. Computes routine measures
13. Match List-I with List–II and in- of item analysis like item- 22. Match List-I with List–II and select
dicate your answer using the codes remainder correlation to the correct answer by choosing from
given below— select items the codes given below—
List-I Codes : List-I
(Concepts) (a) (b) (c) (d) (a) Reintegrative memory
(a) Artificial concepts (A) 3 2 1 4 (b) Recall
(b) Natural concepts (B) 1 4 2 3 (c) Recognition
(c) Prototypes (C) 2 3 1 4 (d) Relearning
(d) Visual images (D) 2 3 4 1 List-II
List-II 1. Familiarity that we have met
18. When the action potential reaches
(Explanation) it before.
the end of the axon terminals, it
1. Represetation of objects 2. There is some residue from
causes the release of—
2. Clearest objects in the physical the past to learn easily.
(A) An electric spark that sets off
world 3. Activity of some performance
the next neuron
3. Defined by set of rules learned in the past.
(B) Positively changed ions that
4. Not based on precise pro- 4. To check details of the re-
excite the next cell
perties covery of events in the personal
(C) Negatively charged ions that
Codes : past.
inhibite the next cell
(a) (b) (c) (d) Codes :
(D) Neurotransmitters that excite
(A) 2 3 4 1 (a) (b) (c) (d)
or inhibit the next cell
(B) 3 4 2 1 (A) 4 3 1 2
(C) 3 2 4 1 19. According to Frued following are
(B) 4 1 3 2
(D) 4 3 1 2 the characteristics of instinct—
(C) 1 2 4 3
14. According to Master and Johnson 1. A source in some bodily deficit
(D) 1 4 2 3
following is the correct sequence 2. An aim that focuses on grat-
ification of need 23. A 40 years old person is having
of human sexual response—
3. An impetus that propels the the mental age of 20 years. What
(A) Excitement—Orgasm—Pla-
person to act would be his IQ ?
teau—Resolution
4. An object through which in- (A) 100 (B) 50
(B) Excitement—Plateau—Or-
gasm—Resolution stinct achieves its aim (C) 80 (D) 125
(C) Excitement—Arousal—Or- Codes : 24. Muller-Lyer illusion is likely to
gasm—Resolution (A) 1 and 2 only
occur more in culture characteri-
(B) 1, 2 and 4 only
(D) Arousal—Excitement—Or- sed by—
(C) 2, 3 and 4 only
gasm—Resolution (A) People living in rectangular
(D) 1, 2, 3 and 4
15. In graphical representations show- and square buildings
ing stress levgels on X axis and 20. Guilford initially started his work (B) People living in buildings
performance on Y axis, best per- extending Thurston’s theory of which are round and have few
formance can be expected at— primary abilities, but later on corners
diverged on the grounds— (C) People living in open spaces
(A) Lower end of X axis
1. Obtained fators were not pri- (D) People living in caves
(B) Middle portion of X axis
mary (independent) rather
(C) Higher end of X axis 25. Read each of the following two
(D) None of the above related to each other.
2. Thurston’s factor analysis was statements—Assertion (A) and
16. Lesions of the ventromedial nuclei mainly oriented to get simple Reason (R) and indicate your
in the hypothalamus produce— strtucture. answer using codes given below—

PD/January/2018/131
 Assertion (A) : According to
Classical Test Theory (CTT),
reliability can be conceptualized as
the ratio of true score variance to
the observed score variance.
Reason (R) : According to the CTT,
the random error of measurement
is assumed to be uncorrelated
with the true score.
Codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and
(R) is the correct explanation
of (A)
(B) Both (A) and(R) are true, but
(R) is not the correct explana-
tion of (A)
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true
26. Match List-I with List–II and select
the correct answer by choosing from
the codes given below—
List-I
(System)
(a) Visual system
(b) Auditory system
(c) Neural system
(d) Messenger System
List-II
(Components)
1. Hammer, pinna, oval window
2. Cornea, vitreous humour,
aqueous humour
3. GABA, Serotonin, Dopamine
4. Glial cells, mycelin, Neurill-
emma
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 1 2 3 4 3. Conduction 4. Stimulation
(B) 2 3 4 1
(C) 3 2 1 4 (A) 1 only
(D) 2 1 4 3 (C) 3 only
27. Read each of the following two
statements–Assertion (A) and
Reason (R) and indicate your
answer using codes given below—
Assertion (A) : Organisms learn
to perform responses that produce
positive reinforcers.
Reason (R) : Positive reinforce-
ment strengthens responses that
permit escape from or avoidance
of stimulus.
Codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and
(R) is the correct explanation
of (A)
(B) Both (A) and(R) are true, but
(R) is not the correct explana-
tion of (A)
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true
28. One prominent class of theorists
of deductive reasoning believe
that deduction depends on ..........
of inference akin to those of ..........
PD/January/2018/132
(A) informal rules; logical calculus (A) Item-total correlation = Item-
(B) formal rules; analystical remainder correlation
calculus (B) Item-total correlation is greater
(C) Procedural rules; logical calculus than or equal to item-remain-
(D) formal rules; logical calculus der correlation
29. Read each of the following two (C) Item-total correlation is smaller
statements–Assertion (A) and than or equal to item-remain-
Reason (R) and indicate your der correlation
answer using codes given below : (D) Item-total correlation cannot
Assertion (A) : Ideas lose their be negative
original identity in fusion into 35. Match List-I with List–II and select
more complex ideas. the correct answer by choosing
Reason (R) : Mind sometimes is from the codes given below—
analogous to chemical laws. List-I
Codes : (Concept)
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and
(a) Mental Age
(R) is the correct explanation
(b) Intelligence Quotient
of (A)
(c) Mental Tests
(B) Both (A) and(R) are true, but
(d) Tetrad Equation
(R) is not the correct explana-
tion of (A) List-II
(Psychologists)
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true 1. Stern 2. Binet
3. Spearman 4. J.M. Cattell
30. What type of cell is responsible for Codes :
the reproduciton of other cells of (a) (b) (c) (d)
the body ? (A) 1 2 3 4
1. Blood cells 2. Stem cells (B) 2 1 4 3
3. Neurons 4. Basal cells
(C) 3 2 1 4
Codes :
(D) 4 3 2 1
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only 36. The difference in images in the two
(C) 3 and 4 only eyes is greater for objects that are
(D) 4 and 1 only close and smaller for distant objects
31. If the bones of the middle ear is an example of—
begins to deteriorate, the person (A) Binocular Disparity
will suffer difficulty in— (B) Convergence
1. Loudness 2. Timber (C) Accommodation
(D) Relative Size
Codes : 37. Read each of the following two
(B) 2 and 3 statements–Assertion (A) and
(D) 3 and 4 only Reason (R) and indicate your
32. What is the correct sequence of answer using codes given below—
products in Guilford’s Struct of Assertion (A) : Information is
Intellect Model (SOI) ? transferred from STM or LTM.
(A) Unit—Class—System—Rela- Reason (R) : Information main-
tions—Implication—Trans- tained in the rehearsal buffer is
formation prevented from decaying in STM.
(B) Class—Unit—System—Rela- Codes :
tion—Transformation—Im- (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and
plication (R) is the correct explanation
(C) Unit—Class—Relation—Sys- of (A)
tem—Transformation—Im- (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but
plication (R) is not the correct expla-
(D) Unit—Relation—Class—Sys- nation of (A)
tem—Transformation—Im- (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false
plication (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true
33. The light passes through the eye in 38. Arrange the parts C.N.S. in as-
which of the following sequence ? cending order—
(A) Cornea, Pupil, Lens, Retina 1. Thalamus
(B) Cornea, Lens, Pupil, Retina 2. Medulla oblongata
(C) Lens, Cornea, Pupil, Retina 3. Spinal cord
(D) Pupil, Cornea, Lens, Retina 4. Frontal lobe
34. Which one of the following Codes :
statement is true in the context of (A) 1, 2, 3, 4 (B) 2, 1, 3, 4
item analysis ? (C) 4, 2, 1, 3 (D) 3, 2, 1, 4
39. Shaping in instrumental condition-
ing means—
(A) Teaching a complex sequence
of behaviours by first shap-
ing the final response in the
sequence and then working
backwards
(B) A continuous reinforcement
schedule is used for establish-
ing new behaviours
(C) It involves reinforcing succes-
sive approximations of the
final desired behaviour
(D) Consistent occurrence of a
behaviour in the presence of
discriminative stimulus
40. According to Trichromatic theory
of colour vision, which of the follow-
ing are the three types of cones ?
(A) Red, Yellow and blue
(B) Red, Blue and Green
(C) Yellow, Blue and Green
(D) Yellow, Red and Blue
41. Read each of the following two
statements–Assertion (A) and
Reason (R) and indicate your
answer using codes given below—
Assertion (A) : gf and gc correlate
positively across the age levels
with moderate magnitude.
Reason (R) : gf being neural
energy is invested in the cultiva-
tion of gc and both are having
different growth patterns.
Codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and
(R) is the correct explanation
of (A)
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but
(R) is not the correct explana-
tion of (A)
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true
42. Read each of the following two
statements–Assertion (A) and
Reason (R) and indicate your
answer using codes given below—
Assertion (A) : The creators of
three dimensional movies simulate
convergence by photographing a
scene with two cameras placed a
few inches apart.
Reason (R) : Convergence is a
binocular cue for perceiving depth
the extent to which the eyes con-
verge inwards when looking at
an object.
Codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and
(R) is the correct explanation
of (A)
(B) Both (A) and(R) are true, but
(R) is not the correct explana-
tion of (A)
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true
PD/January/2018/133
43. In heightened emotional states,
the following functions are NOT
triggered by sympathetic Nervous
System activity—
1. Perspriation
2. heightened pulse rate
3. digestion
4. pupillary dilation
Codes :
(A) 3 alone
(B) Both 3 and 4
(C) 1, 2 and 3
(D) 1, 3 and 4
44. Match List-I with List–II and select
the correct answer by choosing from
the codes given below—
List-I
(Type of Conditioning)
(a) Delayed conditioning
(b) Trace conditioning
(c) Simultaneous conditioning
(d) Backward conditioning
List-II
(Explanation)
1. The onset of UCS prescedes
the onset of the CS and the
UCS goes off before CS comes
on
2. The CS and UCS come on and
go off at the same time
3. The onset of CS precedes the
onset of the UCS and the CS
goes off before the onset of
UCS
4. The onset of the CS precedes
the onset of the UCS and the
CS remains on for the initial
part of UCS
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 1 2 4 3 has been accepted
(B) 4 2 3 1
(C) 4 3 1 2
(D) 4 3 2 1
45. Which of the following statement/
s is/are true, when the Eysenck
Personality Questionnaire (EPQ or
EPQ-R) and Costa and McCrae’s
NEO-PI-3 are compared ?
1. EPQ-R Psychoticism (P) scale
is un-correlated with Five-
Factor Agreeableness (A) and
Consentiousness (C) Scale.
2. P scale is positively correlated
with A and C scales.
3. P sacale is negatively cor-
related with A and C scales.
4. EPQ-R has Lie scale, NEO-PI-
3 has no lie scale.
5. Both EPQ-R and NEO-PI-3
have lie scale.
Codes :
(A) 1 and 4 only (B) 2 and 5 only
(C) 3 and 4 only (D) 1 and 5 only
Directions—(Q. 46–50) Read the
following paragraph and answer the
five questions which follows—
An environmental psychologist
hypothesized that the noise would
adversely affect the performance on
mental tasks. One hundred and fifity
subjects, 75 boys an 75 girls, studying
in the twelth standard, in the age range
of 17 to 19 years and in the IQ range of
85 to 115, constituted the initial pool of
subjects. Three groups of equal size
were formed by random assignment.
Group I performed under high noise
condition (75 decibles), Group II per-
formed under moderate noise con-
dition (60 decibles), and Group III
performed under silent condition. Each
subject was instructed to solve 45
simple numerical problems in the
allotted time of 90 minutes. The mean
number of correctly solved problems
were twenty-four, twenty and fifteen
respectively. The intergroup mean
diffrences were statistically significant.
46. The variable ‘intelligence’, in the
above study, can be labelled as—
1. Behavioural variable
2. Organismic variable
3. Continuous varaible
4. Controlled variable
Codes :
(A) 1 and 4 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1, 3 and 4 only
(D) 2, 3 and 4 only
47. Which one of the following con-
clusion can be drawn on the basis
of the above study ?
(A) The researcher’s hypothesis
(B) The researcher’s hypothesis
has been rejected
(C) The researcher’s hypothesis
has been partially accepted
(D) Inadequate data to evaluate
researcher’s hypothesis
48. Read each of the following two
statements–Assertion (A) and
Reason (R) and indicate your
answer using codes given below—
Assertion (A) : In the above study,
the subjects have been randomly
assigned to the three groups.
Reason (R) : Random assignment
of the subjects enables the exper-
imenter to manipulate the inde-
pendent variable effectively.
Codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and
(R) is the correct explanation
of (A)
(B) Both (A) and(R) are true, but
(R) is not the correct explana-
tion of (A)
 (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true
49. Match List-I with List–II in the
context of the above study, select
the correct answer by choosing
from the codes given below—
List-I
(Types of Variable)
(a) Independent variable
(b) Dependent variable
(c) Controlled variable
(d) Discrete variable
List-II
(Variables)
1. Subject’s education
2. Subject’s gender
3. Noise level
4. Number of numerical pro-
blems correctly solved by
subject
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 3 4 1 2 health. It is defined by body mass
(B) 4 3 1 2
(C) 4 3 2 1 in terms of fat distribution via the
(D) 3 4 2 1 waist-hip ratio and total cardio-
50. In the above study, the research-
er’s hypothesis would be labelled
as :
1. Directional
2. Non-directional
3. Casual
4. Correlational
Codes :
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 3 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 2 and 4 only
Answers with Hints
1. (C) Chaining is an instructional
procedure used in behavioral
psychology, experimental analysis
of behavior and applied behavior
analysis. It involves reinforcing
individual responses occurring in
a sequence to form a complex
behavior. It is frequently used for
training behavioral seqences that
are beyond the current repertoire
of the learner. The term is often
credited to the work of B.F.
Skinner.
2. (B)
3. (B) The lexical hypothesis is one
of the most important and widely
used guiding scientific theories in
personality psychology. Gordon
Allport and Henry S. Odbert re-
vealed this to be a severe under-
estimate in a 1936 study.
4. (A)
5. (B) Psychoanalytic theory is the
theory of personality organiza-
tion and the dynamics of person-
PD/January/2018/134
ality development that guides
psychoanalysis, a clinical method
for treating psychopathology.
First laid out by Sigmund Freud
in the late 19th century.
6. (D) 7. (B) 8. (C) 9. (C)
10. (A) Retrograde amnesia is a loss
of memory-access to events that
occurred, or information that was
learned, before an injury or the
onset of a disease. It tends to nega-
tively affect episodic, autobio-
graphical and declarative memory
while usually keeping procedural
memory intact with no difficulty
for learning new knowledge.
11. (A) 12. (C) 13. (B) 14. (B)
15. (B)
16. (B) Obesity is a medical condition
in which excess body fat has
accumulated to the extent that it
may have an adverse effect on
index (BMI) and further evaluated
vascular risk factors. BMI is closely
related to both percentage body
fat and total body fat.
17. (C) 18. (D) 19. (D) 20. (D)
21. (A) Inductive reasoning is re-
asoning in which the premises are
viewed as supplying strong evi-
dence for the truth of the con-
clusion. While the conclusion of a
deductive argument is certain, the
truth of the conclusion of an in-
ductive argument is probable,
based upon the evidence given.
22. (A) 23. (D)
24. (A) The Muller-Lyer-illusion is an
optical illusion consisting of a
stylized arrow. When viewers are
asked to place a mark on the figure
at the midpoint, they invariably
place it more towards the “tail”
end. It was devised by Franz Carl
Muller-Lyer a German sociologist,
in 1889.
25. (A) Classical test theory is a body
of related psychometric theory
that predicts outcomes of psycho-
logical testing such as the difficulty
of items or the ability of test-
takers. It is a theory of testing
based on the idea that a person’s
observed of obtained score on a test
is the sum of a true score (error-
free score) and an error score.
26. (D) 27. (C) 28. (D) 29. (A)
30. (B) 31. (C)
32. (C) Joy Paul Guilford, a United
States psychologist, designed in
1955 a model of intelligence, based
on factor analysis. In the Guilfords
Structure of Intellect (SI), all mental
abilities are conceptualized within
a three-dimensional framework.
There are three features of intel-
lectual tasks : the content, or the
type of information; the product,
or the form in which the informa-
tion is represented; and the opera-
tion, or type of mental activity per-
formed.
Product features in the Guilfords
Structure of Intellect
Six products, in increasing com-
plexity :
1. Units : single items of knowl-
edge
2. Classes : sets of units sharing
common attributes
3. Relations : units linked as
opposites or in associations,
sequences, or analogies
4. Systems : multiple relations
interrelated to comprise struc-
tures or networks
5. Transformations : changes,
perspectives, conversions, or
mutations to knowledge
6. Implications : predictions,
inferences, consequences, or
anticipations of knowledge
33. (A) 34. (B) 35. (B)
36. (A) Binocular disparity refers to
the difference in image location of
an object seen by the left and right
eyes, resulting from the eyes’
horizontal separation (parallax).
The brain uses binocular disparity
to extract depth information from
the two-dimensional retinal images
in stereopsis.
37. (B)
38. (D) The central nervous system
(CNS) is the part of the nervous
system consisting of the brain and
spinal cord. The central nervous
system is so named because it
integrates information it receives
from, and co-ordinates and influ-
ences the activity of, all parts of
the bodies of bilaterally symmetric
animals–that is, all multicellular
animals except sponges and
radially symmetric animals such
as jellyfish–and it contains the
majority of the nervous system.
39. (C)
40. (B) According to the trichromatic
theory of color vision, also known
as the young-Helmholtz theory of
color vision, there are three re-
ceptors in the retina that are
responsible for the perception of
color. One receptor is sensitive
to the color green, another to the
color blue and a third to color red.
41. (A) 42. (D) 43. (A) 44. (D)
45. (C) 46. (D) 47. (B) 48. (C)
49. (A) 50. (B)
 Note : This paper contains seventy (C) Price inflation, public invest- title. It also requires employee to
five (75) objective type questions of ment programmes and strong work ten hours more per week
two (2) marks each. All questions are liquidity preference along with shifting to a remote
compulsory. (D) Closed economy, unemploy- place. It is an example of which
1. From the following two state- ment in the company, cons- one of the following ?
ments of Assertion (A) and Rea- tant marginal propensity to (A) Approach conflict
soning (R), indicate the correct consume (B) Approach-Approach conflict
code: 4. Match the items of the List-I with (C) Approach-Avoidance conflict
Assertion (A) : The quantity of a that of the List-II and suggest the (D) Avoidance- Avoidance
product demanded invariably correct code from the following : conflict
changes inversely to changes in its List-I 7. Which one of the following is not
price. (a) Competitive Parity an example of semantic barrier ?
Reason (R) : The price effect is the (b) Promotional Elasticity of (A) Poorly chosen words and
net result of the positive substitu- Market phrases
tion effect and negative income (c) Optimal promotional mix (B) Faulty translation
effect. (d) Contra-cycle advertising (C) Use of symbols that have
Codes : List-II various meanings
(A) (A) and (R) both are correct (1) Variations in Advertising (D) Guarding against certain type
(B) (A) is incorrect but (R) is (2) Level advertising of information
correct (3) Advertising expenditure 8. Assertion (A) : Equity theory of
(C) (A) is correct but (R) is decision work motivation is based on social
incorrect (4) Marginal equivalency of exchange process, in which
(D) (A) and (R) both are incorrect media outlay individuals make contributions
2. Match the items of the List-I with Codes : (inputs) and expect certain
that of the List-II and suggest the (a) (b) (c) (d) rewards (outcomes).
correct code from the following : (A) 2 3 1 4 Reason (R) : Individuals decide
List-I (B) 1 2 3 4 whether or not a particular ex-
(a) Cost function (C) 2 1 4 3 change is satisfactory by compar-
(b) Supply function (D) 4 1 2 3 ing their inputs and outcomes
(c) Production function 5. Match the following and indicate with those of others and try to
(d) Oligopoly the code of correct matching : rectify inequality.
List-II List-I Codes :
(1) Kinked demand (a) Classical conditioning (A) (A) is correct but (R) is not
(2) Isoquants (b) Operant conditioning correct
(3) Engineering method (c) Cognitive theory (B) (A) is not correct but (R) is
(4) Factor prices (d) Social learning correct
Codes : List-II (C) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(a) (b) (c) (d) (1) Response-Stimulus learning and (R) is right explanation of
(A) 3 4 1 2 (2) Stimulus-Response learning (A)
(B) 2 1 3 4 (3) Stimulus-Stimulus learning (D) Both (A) and (R) are correct
(C) 1 2 4 3 (4) Modelling process but (R) is not the right
(D) 4 3 2 1 Codes : explanation of (A)
(a) (b) (c) (d) 9. Which one of the following
3. Which one of the following
(A) 2 3 4 1 methods of performance appraisal
combinations may not render the
(B) 2 1 3 4 involves ranking employees from
investment multiplier inapplicable ?
(C) 1 2 3 4 best to worst in a particular trait ?
(A) Net imports, undistributed
profits and taxation (D) 4 3 2 1 (A) Graphic rating scale method
(B) Excess stocks of consumption 6. Boss offers an employee a (B) Forced distribution method
goods, debt cancellation and promotion which has huge (C) Paired comparison method
savings increase in salary along with a new (D) Alternation ranking method

PD@January@2018@135
10. Which one of the following is not List-II List-I (Medium of Mass
a basic feature of ‘Scanlon Plan’ ? (1) Reverse synergy Communication)
(A) Philosophy of competition (2) Management buyout (a) Outdoor (b) Yellow pages
(B) Identity (3) Reverse capital budgeting (c) Brochures (d) Telephone
(C) Competence (4) Leveraged buyout List-II (Limitations)
(D) Involvement system Codes : (1) Relative high cost; increasing
11. A union of electricians working in (a) (b) (c) (d) consumer resistance
different industries is called by (A) 1 2 3 4 (2) Over production could lead to
which one of the follow-ing ? runaway costs
(B) 3 1 2 4
(A) Craft Union (3) High competition; long
(C) 2 4 1 3
(B) Industrial Union advertise purchase lead time;
(C) General Union (D) 2 1 4 3 creative limitations
(D) National Union 16. NPV and IRR methods of (4) Limited audience selectivity;
12. Which one of the following is not investment evaluation may give creating limitations
correct about voluntary divergent accept-reject decisions Codes :
retirement scheme in public enter- on account of which of the (a) (b) (c) (d)
prises ? following ? (A) 4 3 2 1
(A) It was designed to help (a) Varying initial investment (B) 1 2 3 4
enterprises rationalise their (b) Divergent cash flows from (C) 3 2 4 1
surplus manpower the investment projects (D) 4 2 1 3
(B) Salary for the purpose of VRS (c) Disparity in the lives of the
19. “The manufacturer threatens to
consists of basic pay only investment projects
withdraw a resource or terminate
(C) Benefits are in addition to Indicate the correct code of their
a relationship if inter-mediaries fail
money that has accrued to combinations
to cooperate”, refers to which one
provident fund Code :
of the following channel power ?
(D) Benefit is tax-free severance (A) (a) and (b) only
(A) Referent power
payment (B) (b) and (c) only
(B) Coercive power
13. In case Mutual Funds invest in the (C) (a) and (c) only
(C) Legitimate power
securities whose price variations (D) (a), (b) and (c) all
(D) Reward power
suggest the general price 17. Match the items of List-I with the 20. Assertion (A) : A company’s
movement, it is called : items of List-II and select the code positioning and differentiation
(A) Hedge Fund of correct matching :
(B) Index Fund strategy must change over the
List-I product life cycle.
(C) Growth Fund
(a) Latent demand Reason (R) : A company’s product,
(D) Balanced Fund
(b) Full demand market and competitors change
14. Indicate the correct code of the (c) Overfull demand over the product life cycle.
combinations of the following Codes :
(d) Unwholesome demand
methods commonly used for (A) (A) is correct, but (R) is
capital budgeting : List-II
(1) More consumers would like incorrect
(a) Payback period
to buy the product than can (B) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is
(b) Profitability Index
be satisfied. correct
(c) Utility theory
(2) Consumers may be attracted (C) Both (A) and (R) are correct,
(d) Internal rate of return
to products that have but (R) is not the right expla-
Code :
undersirable social nation of (A)
(A) (a), (b) and (c)
consequences. (D) Both (A) and (R) are correct,
(B) (b), (c) and (d)
(3) Consumers may share a and (R) is the right expla-
(C) (a), (b) and (d)
(D) (a), (c) and (d) nation of (A)
strong need that cannot be
15. Match the items of List-I with List- satisfied by an existing 21. The following information is
II and indicate the correct code product. given :
from the following : (4) Consumers are adequately Expected usage of 50,000 units in
List-I buying all products put into a period of 250 days
(a) Sale of existing firm to the market place. Cost of processing an order ` 20
management Codes : per order
(b) Financing acquisition with (a) (b) (c) (d) Carrying cost per unit ` 0·50 for
substantial secured borro- the period lead time on an order :
(A) 3 1 4 2
wings 5 days
(B) 3 4 1 2
(c) Firms demerged worth more Company wants to keep a reserve
(C) 4 3 1 2
to other firms supply of two day’s usage
(D) 1 2 3 4
(d) Cash inflows on demerger at How many units will included in
present at the sacrifice in form 18. Match the items of List- I with the the reorder point ?
of cash out-flow on transfer items of List-II and select the code (A) 2000 (B) 1000
of division/asset of correct matching : (C) 400 (D) 1400

PD@January@2018@136
22. Statement-I : A variable in the
Linear Programming problem
representing the unused quantity
of an input resource is called
surplus variable.
Statement-II : Values of the vari-
ables in the objective function of
the dual of a primary problem de-
note shadow prices of the variables.
Codes :
(A) Both the statements are
correct
(B) Both the statements are
incorrect
(C) Statement-I is correct while
Statement-II is incorrect
(D) Statement-I is incorrect while
Statement-II is correct.
23. The least amount of time an
activity is expected to consume.
Which one of the following relates
to the expression as per PERT
language ?
(A) Expected time
(B) Most likely time
(C) Optimistic time
(D) Pessimistic time
24. Which one of the following is not
covered while considering the
types of costs involved in quality
control ?
(A) Preventive costs
(B) Manufacturing costs
(C) Inspection costs
(D) Failure costs
25. Match the items of List- I with the
items of List-II and select the code
of correct matching :
List-I
(a) The parameters of the
distribution are n and p
(b) The mean and the variance of
the distribution are identical
(c) The mean and the standard
deviation of the distribution
determines central location
and spread respectively
(d) The graph of the probability
density function of the
distribution slopes down-
ward to the right from its
maximum mean value
List-II
(1) Normal distribution
(2) Exponential distribution
(3) Binomial distribution
(4) Poisson distribution
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 3 4 1 2
(B) 1 2 3 4
(C) 4 3 1 2
(D) 3 1 4 2
PD@January@2018@137
26. When a researcher wants to select
a representative sample to assess
different parameters from a large
sized finite heterogeneous
population, which one of the
following sampling techniques is
the most appropriate ?
(A) Judgemental sampling
(B) Simple random sampling
(C) Stratified random sampling
(D) Quota sampling
27. Statement-I : The mean of the
sampling distribution of mean is
equal to the parameter value of
the population mean.
Statement-II : Stratified sampling
technique is unrestricted probabil-
ity (random) sampling technique.
Codes :
(A) Both the statements are
correct.
(B) Both the statements are
incorrect.
(C) Statement-I is correct while
statement-II is incorrect.
(D) Statement-I is incorrect while
statement-II is correct.
28. You are given the following
information about of advertising
expenditure and sales :
(` in lakh)
Advertisement Sales
(Y)
Arithmetic mean 10 90
Standard deviation 3 12
Correlation coefficient between
advertising expenditure and sales
= 0·80. What is the likely sales for
advertising budget of ` 15 lakh ?
(A) 120 lakh (B) 106 lakh
(C) 58 lakh (D) 48 lakh
29. Assertion (A) : McDonald’s India
Pvt. Ltd., the wholly-owned
subsidiary of the US based fast-
food giant Mcdonald’s Corpora-
tion, along with Coca-Cola, is
developing a fruit based beverage,
to be retailed exclusively at
McDonald’s outlets.
Reason (R) : Organisation rightly
try to diversify in order to spread
their risks across several indus-
tries.
Codes :
(A) (A) and (R) both are correct
and (R) is the right explana-
tion of (A)
(B) (A) and (R) both are correct,
but (R) is not right explanation
of (A)
(C) (A) is correct but (R) is
incorrect
(D) (R) is correct but (A) is
incorrect.
30. Statement-I : Competitors analy-
sis begins with identification of
potential competitors.
Statement-II : An industry analy-
sis gives information regarding
probable sources of competition.
Codes :
(A) Statement-I is correct but II is
incorrect.
(B) Statement-II is correct but I is
incorrect
(C) Both the statements are
correct
(D) Both the statements are
incorrect
31. Strategic management consists of
which one of the following
combinations :
(a) Environmental scanning
(b) Strategy for outplay
(c) Strategy formulation
(d) Strategy implementation
(e) Evaluation and control
Codes :
(A) (a), (b), (c) and (d) only
(B) (b), (c), (d) and (e) only
(C) (a), (c), (d) and (e) only
(D) (b), (c) and (d) only
32. Michael Porter’s Five Forces
Model includes which one of the
following combinations ?
(a) Threat of new potential
entrants
(b) Threat of substitute product/
service
(c) Bargaining power of
suppliers
(d) Bargaining power of buyers
(e) Rivalry among current
competitors
(f) Rivalry among prospective
competitors
Code :
(A) (a), (c), (d), (e) and (f)
(B) (a), (b), (d), (e) and (f)
(C) (a), (b), (c), (e) and (f)
(D) (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e)
33. Which one of the following is not
a common motivation of an
entrepreneur ?
(A) Desire to maintain the status
quo
(B) Search for more rewarding
work
(C) Search for personal and
professional growth
(D) Desire for independence
34. The SFURTI programme of the
government is to boost produc-
tion in which one of the following
industries ?
(A) Auto-components industry
(B) Industries using renewable
energy
(C) Khadi and village industry
(D) Construction industry
35. Match the items of List- I with the
items of List-II and select the code
of correct matching :
List-I
(a) Entrepreneurship and
Dynamic Capitalism
(b) The Affluent Society
(c) Theory of Economic Develop-
ment
(d) The Dynamics of Industrial
Capitalism
List-II
(1) A.D. Chandler Jr.
(2) J.K. Galbraith
(3) Joseph Schumpeter
(4) B.A. Kirchhoff
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 1 3 2 4
(B) 1 2 3 4
(C) 4 3 2 1
(D) 4 2 3 1
36. Statement-I : Entrepreneurs reco-
gnize opportunities where others
see chaos or confusion.
Statement-II : Entrepreneurs
bring aggressive capital for the
existing business in traditional
market place.
Codes :
(A) Statement-I is correct but II is
not correct
(B) Statement-II is correct but I is
not correct
(C) Both the statements are
correct
(D) Both the statements are
incorrect
37. Social responsibility of business
while appropriating natural
resources by a corporate entity
has been recommended in which
one of the following ?
(A) Montreal Protocol of 1987
(B) Millennium Development
Goals 2008
(C) Sustainable Development
Goals 2015 in Global
Sustainability Report
(D) UNDP Human Development
Report
PD@January@2018@138
38. Disclosure of corporate gover- 43. Match the following and indicate
nance practice and its compliance the code of correct matching :
has been stipulated in which one List-I
of the following ? (a) INTUC (b) AITUC
(A) Directors’ Responsibility (c) BMS (d) CITU
Statement under Section 134 List-II
of the Companies Act 2013 (1) Bhartiya Janta Party
(B) Auditor’s report (2) Communist Party of India
(C) C.A.G. Report (3) Indian National Congress
(D) Report of the SEBI and MCA 21 (4) Communist Party of India
(Marxist)
39. Kumar Mangalam Birla
Codes :
Committee Report, Ramesh
Chandra Committee Report, (a) (b) (c) (d)
Cadbury Committee Report (A) 3 2 1 4
primarily focus on which one of (B) 3 1 2 4
the following ? (C) 3 4 2 1
(A) Ethical issues in business (D) 3 4 1 2
practice and marketing
practice 44. The agreement arrived at during
(B) Health programme of the the course of conciliation
employees in an organisation proceeding in industrial disputes
(C) Issues relating to corporate is known as—
governance practice (A) Settlement
(D) Gender issues in manage- (B) Award
ment and equality for all (C) Reward
(D) Accord and sanction
40. ‘The continuing commitment by
business to behave ethically and 45. Results of a period that may occur
contribute to economic develop- at the initial career entry when the
ment while improving the quality new employee’s high job
of life of the workforce and their expectations confront the reality
families as well as of the local of a boring, unchallenging job.
community and society at large. This may rightly be attributed to
This may be attributed rightly to which one of the following ?
which one of the following ? (A) Reality Shock
(A) Ethical responsibility of (B) Mentoring Shock
business (C) Mental upcharge
(B) Corporate social responsi- (D) Career upset
bility 46. The two dominant aspects of
(C) Commitment towards industrial relations scene in the
employee welfare modern industrial society are
(D) Compliance with the covered in which one of the
provisions of the Plantation following ?
Workers Act (A) Conflict and conciliation
41. Arrange the steps of diagnostic (B) Cooperation and conciliation
model of human resource (C) Conflict and cooperation
management in the correct (D) Cooperation and
sequence from the first to the last. codetermination
Select the code of correct sequence:
47. The decision of the adjudication
(a) Evaluate (b) Prescribe
authority and arbitrator in
(c) Diagnose (d) Implement
disputes is termed as—
Codes :
(A) (c), (b), (a), (d) (A) Settlement
(B) (c), (b), (d), (a) (B) Award
(C) (a), (c), (d), (b) (C) Reward
(D) (a), (c), (b), (d) (D) Accord and approval
48. In case of a domestic enquiry,
42. Which one of the following is a
training technique in which which one the following is not
trainees act out parts in a realistic correct about enquiry officer ?
management situation ? (A) He has to follow the
(A) Action learning principles of natural justice.
(B) Role playing (B) He can recommend punish-
(C) Behaviour modelling ment alongwith the report of
(D) Case study findings
 (C) He is generally an officer of
the establishment but in some
cases enquiry is also held by
some outside agency
(D) He can take final decision
about punishment and issue
an order inflicting punishment
49. Match the items of List- I with the
items of List-II and select the code
of correct matching :
List-I
(a) Core benefit
(b) Basic product
(c) Expected product
List-II
(1) Bed, bathroom, towel, desk
and closet
(2) Clean bed sheet
(3) Rest and sleep
Codes :
(a) (b) (c)
(A) 1 2 3 (C) (A) is correct, but (R) is
(B) 3 2 1 incorrect
(C) 3 1 2 (D) (R) is correct, but (A) is
(D) 2 1 3 incorrect
50. Select the correct sequence of steps
in setting a pricing policy—
(a) Determining demand
(b) Analyzing competitors’
Costs, Prices and Offers
(c) Selecting the final price
(d) Selecting the pricing objective
(e) Estimating costs
(f) Selecting a pricing method
Codes :
(A) (d), (a), (e), (b), (f) and (c)
(B) (a), (e), (b), (d), (f) and (c)
(C) (a), (b), (e), (d), (f) and (c)
(D) (a), (b), (c), (d), (e) and (f)
51. Which one of the following is a
digital communications technique
that involves improving visibility
and monitoring sentimental within
social networks and blogs ?
(A) Email marketing
(B) Display advertising
(C) E-PR
(D) Search engine optimization
52. Which one of the following is the
report of the company’s strength
and weaknesses relative to
various competitors ?
(A) Competitor value analysis
(B) Customer value analysis
(C) Customer profitability
analysis
(D) Customer perceived value
53. A company prices a 2 litre bottle
of its mineral water at ` 30 but 60
ml of the same water in a
moisturizer spray for ` 75. This is
PD@January@2018@139
an example of which one of the
following pricing practices ?
(A) Product form pricing
(B) Customer-segment pricing
(C) Image pricing
(D) Location pricing
54. Assertion (A) : Companies must
manage service quality by
understanding the effects of each
service encounter.
Reason (R) : Customer’s expecta-
tions play a critical role in their
service experiences and evalua-
tions.
Select the correct codes :
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct,
but (R) is not the right
explanation of (A)
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct
and (R) is the right
explanation of (A)
55. Statement-I : Direct marketing is
a non-interactive marketing
system.
Statement-II : Direct marketing
uses more one or more media to
effect a measurable response or
transaction at any location.
Select the correct code :
Codes :
(A) Both the statement are correct
(B) Both the statements are
incorrect
(C) Only statement-I is correct
(D) Only statement-II is correct
56. Which one of the following refers
to “two or more unrelated
companies put together resources
or programmes to exploit an
emerging market opportunity” ?
(A) Holistic marketing
(B) Horizontal marketing system
(C) Hub and spoke system
(D) Co-branding
57. Credit sales of a firm in a certain
year amounted ` 12,00,000 and the
sundry debtors outstanding at the
beginning and the end of the year
amounted to ` 1,20,000 and ` 80,000
respectively. Indicate the correct
code for the debtors turnover ratio
and the average collection period
from the following :
(A) 10 and 1·2 months
(B) 12 and 1 months
(C) 15 and 0·8 months
(D) 6 and 12 months
58. Inventory control system
concerns with which combination
of the following :
(a) ABC inventory system
(b) JIT system
(c) Re-ordering system
(d) Outsourcing system
Codes :
(A) (a), (b) and (c)
(B) (b), (c) and (d)
(C) (a), (b) and (d)
(D) (a), (c) and (d)
59. The credit policy of a firm is not
decided for which combination of
the following :
(a) Maximisation of sales
(b) Minimisation of bad debt
losses
(c) Maximisation of share-
holder’s wealth
(d) Minimisation of adverse
effect on the volume of sales
Codes :
(A) (a), (b) and (c)
(B) (b), (c) and (d)
(C) (a), (c) and (d)
(D) (a), (b) and (d)
60. Match the items of List-I with
those in List-II and indicate the
correct code for the following :
List-I
(a) Concentration banking
(b) Optimum cash balance under
certainty
(c) Playing the float
(d) Optimum cash balance under
uncertainty
List-II
(1) William J. Baumol
(2) Cash collection technique
(3) Miller M.H. and Orr D
(4) Cash disbursement technique
Codes :
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(A) 1 3 2 4
(B) 2 1 4 3
(C) 3 4 1 2
(D) 4 2 3 1
61. Indicate the correct code for the
liquidity ratios from the following:
(a) Current ratio
(b) Acid Test/Quick ratio
(c) Total assets turnover ratio
(d) Defensive-interval ratio
Codes :
(A) (a), (b) and (c)
(B) (b), (c) and (d)
(C) (a), (b) and (d)
(D) (a), (c) and (d)
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74. (B) In 1936, the first National
Park in India was created and
named as the Hailey National
Park, now called the Corbett
National Park, in Uttaranchal.
75. (B)
76. (C) ‘World Anti-Tabacco Day’
say; World No Tobacco Day is
celebrated each year on 31st
May, so as to create awareness
and free from tobacco to youth.
The theme of year 2011 was
Tabacco Free Youth.
77. (A)
78. (A) The United Nations General
Assembly unanimously declared
the decade 2014-2024 as the
Decade of Sustainable Energy for
All, underscoring the importance
of energy issues for sustainable
development and for the elabora-
tion of the post-2015 develop-
ment agenda.
79. (A) 80. (D) 81. (B) 82. (B) 83. (D)
84. (A) 85. (B) 86. (D) 87. (B) 88. (A)
89. (B) 90. (B) 91. (C) 92. (C)
93. (C) The Model Code of Conduct
(MCC) is a set of instructions to
be followed by both political
parties and candidates contesting
elections. The MCC is a set of
guidelines and instructions on
general conduct, campaigning,
meetings etc. during elections.
The MCC is in place till the entire
process of elections is complete.
94. (B)
95. (C) The Government vide
Ministry of Home Affairs con-
stituted a Commission under the
Chairmanship of Justice R.S.
Sarkaria with Shri B. Sivaraman
and Dr. S.R. Sen as its members.
96. (C) 97. (C)
98. (C) The Council of States (Rajya
Sabha) was first constituted On 3
April 1952.
99. (B) As the Article 263 makes it
clear, the Inter-State Council is
not a permanent constitutional
body for coordination between
the States of the Union. It can be
established ‘at any time’ if it
appears to the President that the
public interests would be served
by the establishment of such a
Council.
100. (D) Parliament is not able to vote
the entire budget before the com-
PD/January/2018/152
mencement of the new financial launched on 24th September,
year, the necessity to keep ……… replacing earlier ‘Swarna
enough finance at the disposal of Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana
Government in order to allow it (SJSRY).
to run the administration of the (A) 2012 (B) 2013
country remains. A special pro- (C) 2014 (D) 2015
vision is, therefore, made for
‘Vote on Account’ by which 3. During the year 2015-16, the
Government obtains the Vote of Ministry of Housing & Urban
Parliament for a sum sufficient to Poverty Alleviation (MoHUPA,
incur expenditure on various GOI) organised the “National
items for a part of the year. Workshop on Model State
Urban Affordable Housing &
Normally, the Vote on Account is
Habitat Policy” on 27th October,
taken for two months only. But
2015 at—
during election year or when it
is anticipated that the main (A) Pune (Maha.)
Demands and Appropriation Bill (B) Chennai (T.N.)
will take longer time than two (C) New Delhi
months, the Vote on Account (D) None of the above
may be for a period exceeding
two months. 4. “Street Vendors (Protection of
Livelihood and Regulation of
101. (C)102. (C)103. (B)104. (D) 105. (A)
Street Vending) Bill, 2014” was
106. (B)107. (B)108. (D) 109. (C) 110. (C) passed by the Parliament on……,
111. (C)112. (C)113. (C) so as to protect the rights of
114. (B) The country of the Matsya urban street vendors—
or Machcha tribe lay to the south (A) 20th February, 2014
of the Kurus and west of the (B) 20th April, 2014
Yamuna, which separated them
(C) 20th July, 2014
from the Panchalas. It roughly
corresponded to the former state (D) None of these
of Jaipur in Rajasthan and 5. “Jawaharlal Nehru National
included the whole of Alwar Urban Renewal Mission”
with portions of Bharatpur. (JNNURM) was launched by the
115. (C) GOI on 3rd Dec.,…… for pro-
116. (B) The last ruler Hussain Shah viding housing facilities and
was overthrown by Bahlol Lodi works etc.
and Jaunpur sultanate was (A) 2002 (B) 2003
permanently annexed to Delhi (C) 2004 (D) 2005
sultanate by Sikandar Lodi.
6. “20-Point Programme-2006”
117. (D)118. (A)119. (D)120. (C) 121. (B) (TPP-2006) has been opera-
122. (C)123. (B)124. (D)125. (A) tionlised w.e.f. 1 April,—
126. (D) The Servants of Society was (A) 2007
founded in 1905 by Gopal (B) 2008
Krishna Gokhale, considered as
(C) 2009
the leader of the ‘moderate’
faction of the pre-independence (D) None of these
Congress from whom Gandhi 7. Which State of India is called as
drew inspiration. ‘Organic Farming State’ ?
127. (D)128. (C)129. (D)130. (A) 131. (D) (A) Punjab
132. (C)133. (B)134. (A)135. (C) 136. (A) (B) U.P.
137. (C)138. (A)139. (D)140. (D) 141. (C) (C) Haryana
142. (A)143. (C)144. (A)145. (D) 146. (D) (D) Sikkim (in NER)
147. (A)148. (B)149. (A)150. (C)
P.Darpan Answers
Continued from Page 121
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (D)
2. “Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana–
6. (A) 7. (D)
National Urban Livelihoods
Mission” (DAY-NULM) was P.Darpan
 Solved Paper
NABARD GRADE ‘B’ OFFICER EXAM., 2017
(Held on 6-8-2017)

General Awareness
(Based on Memory)

1. The 750 MW Rewa Ultra Mega
Solar Plant is located in which of
the following states ?
(A) Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
(B) Nagpur, Maharashtra
(C) Rewa, Madhya Pradesh
(D) Hyderabad, Telangana
(E) Kolkata, West Bengal
2. MA Chidambaram Stadium is a
stadium with capacity of 50,000
in the Indian State of—
(A) Kerala
(B) Gujarat
(C) Andhra Pradesh
(D) Karnataka
(E) Tamil Nadu
3. The ‘Malabar’ is a naval exercise
between which of the following
countries ?
(A) China and USA
(B) India and USA
(C) China, Australia and UK
(D) India, Japan and USA
(E) India and China
4. The National Bank for Agri-
culture and Rural Development
is an apex development financial
institution in India, headquar-
tered at—
(A) Pune, Maharashtra
(B) Chennai, Tamil Nadu
(C) Mumbai, Maharashtra
(D) New Delhi, Delhi
(E) Kolkata, West Bengal
5. Where is Indian Institute of Rice
Research located ?
(A) Hyderabad, Telangana
(B) Kolkata, West Bengal
(C) Mumbai, Maharashtra
(D) New Delhi, Delhi
(E) Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
6. Which government had grant
residential allotment letters to
homeless people in the marked
habitation areas of Gram Pan-
chayats ?
(A) Telangana Government
(B) Andhra Pradesh Govern-
ment
(C) West Bengal Government
(D) Rajasthan Government
(E) Haryana Government
7. Mixed Economy refers to—
(A) Coexistence of small and
large industries
(B) Coexistence of agriculture
and industry
(C) Coexistence of public and
private sector
(D) Coexistence of domestic and
foreign enterprises
8. Where is the National Institute
of Diabetes and Digestive and
Kidney Diseases headquartered ?
(A) Arizona, USA
(B) Birmingham, UK
(C) Maryland, USA
(D) Vienna, Austria
(E) Chicago, USA
9. Nagpur is situated on the bank
of which river ?
(A) Godavari River
(B) Nag River
(C) Betwa
(D) Barak
10. The Y-20 aircraft is a large
military transport aircraft of
which of the following countries ?
(A) Japan (B) India
(C) China (D) France
(E) USA
11. The ‘Office of the High Com-
missioner for Human Rights’ is
headquartered in—
(A) Vienna, Austria
(B) Geneva, Switzerland
(C) New York, USA
(D) Tokyo, Japan
(E) Paris, France
12. China is establishing its first
overseas military base in which
of the following African Coun-
tries ?
(A) Djibouti (B) Somalia
(C) Uganda (D) Rwanda
(E) Nigeria
13. The 43rd G7 summit was held in
which of the following Coun-
tries ?
(A) Germany (B) France
(C) Russia (D) Italy
(E) UK
14. Which of the following railway
schemes will give wait listed
passengers berths in other trains
at no extra cost ?
(A) Pradhan Mantri Rail Vikas
Yojana
(B) Indian Railways Vikalp
Yojana
(C) RPT Mitra Yojana
(D) Railways Mobile Laptop
Insurance Scheme
15. The ‘NAFTA’ is an agreement
signed by various countries
creating a trilateral trade bloc.
What does ‘N’ stand for in
‘NAFTA’ ?
(A) National (B) North
(C) Normal (D) Negotiable
(E) Narrow
16. International Youth Day is an
awareness day to draw attention
to a given set of cultural and
legal issues surrounding youth.
What is the theme of this year’s
‘International Youth Day’ ?
(A) Youth and Mental Health
(B) The Road to 2030 : Eradica-
ting Poverty and Achieving
Sustainable Consumption and
Production
(C) Youth Building Peace
(D) Youth and Civic Engage-
ment
(E) Youth Migration : Moving
Development Forward

PD/January/2018/153
17. Which of the following is the first
Indian City to get UNESCO
heritage tag ?
(A) Gandhinagar
(B) Pune
(C) Bhubaneswar
(D) Ahmedabad
(E) Varanasi
18. Which of the following is the first
woman cricketer who scored
6000 runs in ODIs ?
(A) Harmanpreet Kaur
(B) Jhulan Goswami
(C) Sushma Verma
(D) Mithali Raj
(E) Poonam Raut
19. The headquarters of the World
Bank is located in—
(A) New York, USA
(B) Geneva, Switzerland
(C) Washington DC, USA
(D) Paris, France
(E) Berlin, Germany
20. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park is
a national wildlife park located
in—
(A) Assam
(B) Arunachal Pradesh
(C) Meghalaya
(D) Manipur
(E) West Bengal
21. Which of the following is the
currency of the Democratic
Republic of Congo ?
(A) Shilling (B) Rial
(C) Franc (D) Dinar
(E) Rand
Answers with Hints
1. (C) 2. (E) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (A)
6. (D) Rajasthan Govt. State
Panchyati Raj and Rural deve-
lopment Deptt. on the eve of
Ambedakar Jayanti had grant
residential allotment letters to
homeless people in the marked
habitation areas of Gram Pan-
chayat.
7. (C) 8. (C)
9. (B) Nagpur is situated at the
bank of river Nag and Kanhau.
10. (C) 11. (C) 12. (A)
13. (D) 43 G7 Summit was held on
26th–27th May, 2017 in Italy.
14. (B)
15. (B) NAFTA–North American
Free Trade Association.
PD/January/2018/154
16. (C) 17. (D) 18. (D) 19. (C) 20. (A) 31. (B) The day, conceived and
21. (C) P.Darpan
playfully promoted by Chinese
giant Alibaba, as the antithesis of
Continued from Page 123 Valentine’s day , rang up sales of
$ 18 billion—the most ever spent
4. ‘Swachh Bharat Mission in one day anywhere globally.
Abhiyan (Gramin) was launched 32. (C) Its online sales account for 18
on 2 October, ………, so as to per cent of total sales. In the
fulfil Mahatma Gandhi’s dream USA, it accounts for about 10 per
of a clean and hygienic India by cent.
the MoDW&S (GOI). 33. (D) Starbuck is the name of the
(A) 2013 (B) 2014 first mate on board the ship,
(C) 2015 (D) 2016 piquod, in Moby Dick.
5. ‘NAMAMI Gange Project 34. (D) A Minsky moment (named
after Harold Minsky) is a sudden
(NGP)’ was launched on 10th
July, ……, so as to integrate the major collapse of asset values. In
such moment, long periods of
efforts to clean and protect the
Ganga river in a comprehensive prosperity and increasing value
manner. of investment lead to increasing
speculation using borrowed
(A) 2013 (B) 2014
money.
(C) 2015 (D) 2016 35. (D) 36. (C) 37. (D) 38. (C) 39. (D)
6. National Rural Drinking Water 40. (C) P.Darpan
Quality Monitoring and Surveil-
lance Programme (NRDWQM & Continued on Page 140
SP) was launched in—
75. The exit of Great Britain from the
(A) February, 2006 European Union (EU) in June
(B) February, 2008 2016 by a referendum has been
(C) February, 2010 announced as invalid by the
London High Court on which
(D) February, 2011 one of the following reasons ?
(A) Referendum has got no legal
Answers sanction
(B) Exit was not as per the
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (B) British law
6. (A) P.Darpan
(C) Exit was not as per the EU
law
Continued from Page 129 (D) The Brexit cannot be legal
under Article 50 without appro-
are authored by Daniel Kahme-
val of the British Parliament
man, Richard Thaler and Elanor
Ostrom respectively.
4. (D) Switzerland retained its
Answers
top ranking in 2017, followed by
USA, Singapore and Holland. 1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (B)
6. (C) 7. (D) 8. (C) 9. (D) 10. (A)
5. (D) 6. (A) 7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (A)
11. (A) 12. (B) 13. (B) 14. (C) 15. (C)
10. (C) 11. (A) 12. (B) 13. (D) 16. (D) 17. (B) 18. (A) 19. (B) 20. (D)
14. (D) Pelli Kanuka Scheme has 21. (D) 22. (D) 23. (C) 24. (B) 25 (A)
been launched by the Govern- 26. (C) 27. (C) 28. (B) 29. (A) 30. (B)
ment of Andhra Pradesh. Under 31. (C) 32. (D) 33. (A) 34. (C) 35. (D)
the scheme the government
36. (A) 37. (C) 38. (A) 39. (C) 40. (B)
would pay 20000 each to BPL
41. (B) 42. (B) 43. (A) 44. (A) 45. (A)
families and 50000 to those
belonging SCs/STs/ Minorities 46. (C) 47. (B) 48. (D) 49. (C) 50. (A)
families for the marriage of 51. (C) 52. (B) 53. (A) 54. (B) 55. (D)
daughters. 56. (B) 57. (B) 58. (A) 59. (D) 60. (B)
15. (C) 16. (B) 17. (A) 18. (D) 19. (D) 61. (C) 62. (B) 63. (B) 64. (C) 65. (C)
20. (A) 21. (D) 22. (D) 23. (A) 24. (C) 66. (D) 67. (C) 68. (A) 69. (C) 70. (C)
25. (A) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (D) 29. (D) 71. (A) 72. (B) 73. (C) 74. (B) 75. (D)
30. (B) P.Darpan

GENERAL INSURANCE CORPORATION OFFICER GRADE EXAM., 2017
General Awareness
1. ‘In Logg’ a Bengaluru-based tech-
nology platform that provides
end to end logistics solutions for
the e-commerce sector has
recently been acquired by e-
commerce portal—
(A) Snapdeal.com
(B) Home Shop 18.com
(C) Vashi.com
(D) Amazon.India
(E) Myntra.com
2. ‘Beirut’ is the capital and the
largest city of—
(A) Yemen (B) Ethiopia
(C) Liberia (D) Lebanon
(E) Sudan
3. The form of insurance which
insures against financial loss
from defects in title to real
property and from the invalidity
or unenforceability of mortgage
loans is known as —
(A) Credit insurance
(B) Property insurance
(C) Mortgage-cover
(D) Title insurance
(E) Rapid Insurance
4. The specific ‘cause of a possible
loss’ covered by an insurance
policy is known as—
(A) Threat (B) Hazard
(C) Exposure (D) Danger
(E) Paint
5. Which of the following film has
recently won the National Award
for the Best Film on Social Issues
at 64th National Film Awards ?
(A) Ventilator (B) Dangal
(C) Pink (D) Neerja
(E) Dhanak
6. India’s first industrial-articula-
ted, indigenously developed
robot ‘TAL BRABO’ has recently
been launched by ‘TAL Manu-
PD/January/2018/155
(Held on 15-5-2017)
(Based on Memory)
facturing Solutions’, a subsidiary
of—
(A) Texmaco
(B) Thermox
(C) TVS Motors
(D) Tech Mahindra
(E) TATA Motors
7. The theme for his year’s ‘Civil
Services Day 2017’ observed on
21st of April 2017 was—
(A) Making New India
(B) Making India Proud
(C) Making India Shine
(D) Making India Healthier
(E) Making Better India
8. The Insurance Regulatory and
Development Authority of India
(IRDAI) was incorporated (as a
Statutory body) in 2000 based on
the recommendations of the—
(A) R. N. Malhotra Committee
(B) Narshimaham Committee
(C) R. N. Talwar Committee
(D) Bimal Jalan Committee
(E) M. N. Golpatra Committee
9. The ‘Eaglenest Wildlife Sanc-
tuary’ is situated in the Indian
State of—
(A) Kerala
(B) Arunachal Pradesh
(C) Uttarakhand
(D) Goa
(E) Himachal Pradesh
10. The ‘Raj kapoor Special Contri-
bution Annual Award’ has
recently (April 2017) been
announced by the Government
of Maharashtra for film actor—
(A) Dilip Kumar
(B) Arun Nalawade
(C) Jackie Shroff
(D) Vikram Gokhale
(E) Mahesh Bhatt
Solved Paper
11. The 2017 BRICS summit is being
hosted by—
(A) Russia
(B) Brazil
(C) South Africa
(D) India
(E) China
12. The National Green Tribunal
(NGT) has recently ordered
closure of over a hundred indus-
tries around ‘Bellandur Lake’ in
the Indian City of—
(A) Bijapur (B) Bhadravati
(C) Ballary (D) Bengaluru
(E) Belagavi
13. Who amongst the following is
the author of the book titled ‘Life
Mantras’ which was unveiled
simultaneously at 9,120 events in
early 2016 ?
(A) Vijay Maliya
(B) Subrata Roy
(C) Lalit Modi
(D) Rajat Gupta
(E) Byrraju Ramalinga Raju
14. The legal doctrine governing
insurance contracts which
requires all parties to an insu-
rance contract to deal in good
faith, making a full declaration of
all material facts in the insurance
proposal is known as —
(A) Principle of Uberrima fides
(B) Principle of Contribution
(C) Principle of Indemnity
(D) Principle of Proximate Cause
(E) Principle of Subrogation
15. ‘NDMA’ has recently constructed
a first-of-its-kind state-level mock
forest fire in Uttarakhand. The
letter ‘D’ in the abbreviation
‘NDMA’ stands for—
(A) Defence (B) Damage
(C) Disaster (D) Digital
(E) Dacoty
16. China on its official leap, has
recently (April 2017) unilaterally
‘renamed’ six places in the
Indian State of—
(A) Mizoram
(B) Arunachal Pradesh
(C) Nagaland
(D) Meghalaya
(E) Assam
17. ‘Group Insurance’ is a plan of
insurance which covers a similar
or homogeneous group of indivi-
dual under a single policy called
the—
(A) Mutual Insurance Policy
(B) Master Policy
(C) None of those given as
options
(D) Commercial Policy
(E) Floater Policy
18. According to UN General
Assembly Resolution May 17,
every year is observed as the—
(A) World Asthma Day
(B) World Mother’s Day
(C) World Information Society
Day
(D) World Fair Trade Day
(E) International Day of UN
peacekeepers
19. A life insurance policy which
pays out the sum insured under
such scenarios–death and sur-
vival of the insured person is
known as—
(A) Term insurance policy
(B) Whole life policy
(C) Endowment policy
(D) Annuity Policy
(E) None of those given as
options
20. The ONGC Petro additions Limi-
ted (OPaC) has recently commis-
sioned its mega petrochemical
complex at Dahej in the Indian
State of—
(A) Gujarat
(B) Madhya Pradesh
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Assam
(E) Uttar Pradesh
PD/January/2018/156
Continued from Page 126
Answers with Hints
22. According to the 14th Finance
1. (E) E commerce Portal Myntra Commission, the percentage
announced that it has acquired share of states in the net
Inlogg, a Bengaluru based proceeds of the shareable central
technology Platform in April 17. tax revenue stands at—
2. (D) (A) 32% (B) 38%
3. (D) Title insurance is an insu- (C) 40% (D) 42%
rance policy that covers the loss
of ownership interest in a 23. Which of the following nations
property due to legal defects and has the world’s longest network
is required if the property is of bullet trains ?
under mortgage Title insurance
(A) China (B) USA
is meant to protect policyholders
against claims. These claims can (C) Germany (D) Japan
be another person trying to claim 24. Which of the following sectors
ownership on a piece of pro-
attracts the highest FDI inflow ?
perty, fraud or forgery of title
documents, easements and other (A) Construction Sector
items outlined in the insurance (B) Energy Sector
policy. (C) Service Sector
4. (C) 5. (C) 6. (E) (D) Automobile Sector
7. (A) ‘Making New India’ was the
theme of Civil Services Day 2017. 25. Globalisation does not include—
8. (A) 9. (B) 10. (C) (A) Reduction in Import Duty
11. (E) The 2017 BRICS summit was (B) Abolition of Import Licens-
the ninth annual BRICS summit, ing
an international relations con- (C) Free Flow of FDI
ference attended by the heads of (D) Disinvestment of Public
state or heads of government of
Sector
the five member states Brazil,
Russia, India, China and South Answers
Africa. The summit was held in
Xiamen, China, the second time (Trade and Industry)
the China has hosted the summit
after the 2011 summit. 1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (B)
12. (D) 13. (B) 6. (A) 7. (C) 8. (C) 9. (B) 10. (C)
11. (B) 12. (A) 13. (D) 14. (A) 15. (C)
14. (A) Uberrima fides is a Latin
phrase meaning “utmost good 16. (A) 17. (C) 18. (B) 19. (D) 20. (B)
faith”. It is the name of a legal 21. (A) 22. (D) 23. (A) 24. (C) 25. (D)
doctrine which governs insurance
P.Darpan
contracts. This means that all
parties to an insurance contract
must deal in good faith, making
a full declaration of all material
facts in the insurance proposal.
15. (C) 16. (B) 17. (B)
18. (C) World Information Society
Day was proclaimed to be on 17
May by a United Nations Gene-
ral Assembly resolution. The
main objective of the day is to
raise global awareness of societal
changes brought about by the
Internet and new technologies.
It also aims to help reduce the
digital divide.
19. (C) 20. (A )
P.Darpan

NATIONAL DEFENCE ACADEMY AND NAVAL ACADEMY EXAM., 2017
General Studies
1. Which one of the following state-
ments about a satellite orbiting
around the Earth is correct ?
(A) Satellite is kept in orbit by
remote control from ground
station
(B) Satellite is kept in orbit by
retro-rocket and solar energy
keeps it moving around the Earth
(C) Satellite requires energy
from solar panels and solid fuels
for orbiting
(D) Satellite does not require any
energy for orbiting
2. Which one of the following state-
ments about energy is correct ?
(A) Energy can be created as
well as destroyed
(B) Energy can be created but
not destroyed
(C) Energy can neither be
created nor destroyed
(D) Energy cannot be created
but can be destroyed
3. Step-up transformers are used
for—
(A) increasing electrical power
(B) decreasing electrical power
(C) decreasing voltage
(D) increasing voltage
4. Which one among the following
waves carries the maximum
energy per photon ?
(A) X-rays
(B) Radio waves
(C) Light waves
(D) Microwaves
5. How much CO2 is produced on
heating of 1 kg of carbon ?
11 3
(A) kg (B) kg
3 11
4 3
(C) kg (D) kg
3 4
6. Zinc is used to protect iron from
corrosion because zinc is—
(A) more electropositive than
iron
(B) cheaper than iron
PD/January/2018/157
(Held on 10-9-2017)
(C) a bluish white metal
(D) a good conductor of heat
and electricity
7. Which one of the following gases
is placed second in respect of
abundance in the Earth’s atmos-
phere ?
(A) Oxygen
(B) Hydrogen
(C) Nitrogen
(D) Carbon dioxide
8. Which one of the following is a
chemical change ?
(A) Cutting of hair
(B) Graying of hair naturally
(C) Swelling of resin in water
(D) Cutting of fruit
9. Which one among the following
chemicals is used as washing
soda ?
(A) Calcium carbonate
(B) Calcium bicarbonate
(C) Sodium carbonate
(D) Sodium bicarbonate
10. Why is potassium permanga-
nate used for purifying drinking
water ?
(A) It kills germs
(B) It dissolves the impurities
(C) It is a reducing agent
(D) It is an oxidizing agent
11. Consider the following move-
ments :
1. Moplah Rebellion
2. Bardoli Satyagraha
3. Champaran Satyagraha
4. Salt Satyagraha
Which one of the following is the
correct chronological order of the
above in ascending order ?
(A) 1–3–4–2 (B) 3–1–2–4
(C) 2–3–1–4 (D) 4–2–1–3
12. Which one of the following
travelogues has given an insight
on the reign of Muhammd Bin
Tughlaq ?
Solved Paper
(A) Ibn Battuta’s Rihla
(B) Francois Bernier’s Travels in
the Mogul Empire
(C) Niccolao Manucci’s Storia do
Mogor
(D) Tavernier’s Travels in India
13. Which one of the following was
not a Chishti Sufi saint ?
(A) Khwaja Moinuddin
(B) Baba Fariduddin Ganj-i-
Shakar
(C) Nizamuddin Auliya
(D) Shaikh Bahauddin Zakariya
14. In April 2017, India celebrated
100 years of Mahatma Gandhi’s—
(A) Satyagraha in Kheda
(B) Dandi March
(C) Satyagraha in Champaran
(D) Return from South Africa
15. A rainbow is produced due to
which one of the following
phenomena ?
(A) Dispersion of light
(B) Interference of light
(C) Diffraction of light
(D) Scattering of light by atmos-
pheric dust
16. Bats detect obstacles in their path
by receiving the reflected—
(A) Infrasonic waves
(B) Ultrasonic waves
(C) Radio waves
(D) Microwaves
17. The statement that ‘heat cannot
flow by itself from a body at a
lower temperature to a body at a
higher temperature’, is known
as—
(A) Zeroth law of thermo-
dynamics
(B) First law of thermo-
dynamics
(C) Second law of thermo-
dynamics
(D) Third law of thermo-
dynamics
18. Which one of the following
waves does not belong to the
category of the other three ?
(A) X-rays
(B) Microwaves
(C) Radiowaves
(D) Sound waves
19. Which one of the following state-
ments is not correct ?
(A) Human eye is a refracting
system containing a diverging
lens
(B) The retina of the human eye
contains millions of light sensi-
tive cells, called rods and cones,
which convert the light into
electrical messages
(C) Every image that is focused
on the retina is upside down
(D) We need both eyes to judge
the relative positions of objects
accurately
20. Which one of the following
statements is not correct ?
(A) Ultrasonic waves cannot get
reflected, refracted or absorbed
(B) Ultrasonic waves are used
to detect the presence of defects
like cracks, porosity, etc. in the
internal structure of common
structure materials
(C) Ultrasonic waves can be
used for making holes in very
hard materials like diamond
(D) Ultrasonic waves cannot
travel through vacuum
21. Which one of the following was
set as a target of average growth
of GDP of India over the plan
period 2012-2017 by the
Approach Paper to the Twelfth
Five Year Plan ?
(A) 7 per cent (B) 8 per cent
(C) 9 per cent (D) 10 per cent
22. Which one of the following is not
a subject that has been devolved
to the Panchayati Raj Institutions
by the 11th Schedule of the
Constitution of India ?
(A) Non-conventional energy
resources
(B) Roads
(C) Higher education
(D) Libraries
23. Who among the following used
the term Industrial Revolution
for the first time in English to
PD/January/2018/158
describe the changes that
occurred in the British industrial
development between 1760 and
1820 ?
(A) Friedrich Engels
(B) Eric Hobsbawm
(C) Arnold Toynbee
(D) Georges Michelet
24. Who among the following is the
author of the book ‘The Indian
Struggle, 1920–1934’ ?
(A) Maulana Abul Kalam
(B) Jayprakash Narayan
(C) Subhash Chandra Bose
(D) Manabendra Nath Roy
25. Which one of the following about
the Swadeshi Campaign in 1896
is not correct ?
(A) Its centre was Maharashtra
(B) Its main participants were
students
(C) It opposed the levy of tariff
on imports
(D) It publicly burnt foreign
clothes
26. Which one of the following asso-
ciations was founded in London
by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866 ?
(A) The Bengal British India
Society
(B) The East India Association
(C) The British Indian Associa-
tion
(D) The Madras Native Associa-
tion
27. Mariana Trench is located in the
ocean floor of—
(A) Southern Atlantic Ocean
(B) Western Pacific Ocean
(C) Eastern Pacific Ocean
(D) Northern Atlantic Ocean
28. Taklamakan Desert is situated
in—
(A) Western Asia
(B) Southern fringe of Sahara in
Africa
(C) South America
(D) Central Asia
29. Rudraprayag is situated at the
confluence of rivers Alaknanda
and—
(A) Bhagirathi
(B) Mandakini
(C) Nandakini
(D) Dhauliganga
30. Arrange the following Indian
cities according to their locations
from west to east :
1. Bilaspur
2. Jodhpur
3. Bhopal
4. Ranchi
Select the correct answer using
the code given below :
(A) 3–2–1–4 (B) 2–3–1–4
(C) 4–1–2–3 (D) 2–1–3–4
31. The Kashmir region receives
additional amount of precipita-
tion during the winter brought
by—
(A) South-west-Monsoon
(B) Western Disturbances
(C) Retreating Monsoon
(D) Temperate Cyclone
32. Which part of India has the
Kalakot tertiary coal field ?
(A) Brahmaputra river basin of
Assam
(B) Damodar river basin of
Jharkhand and West Bengal
(C) Himalayan mountain region
(D) Cardamom hills in Kerala
33. Tendons through which muscles
are connected to bones are tightly
compacted bundles of which one
of the following long fibrous
protein ?
(A) Fibrin (B) Collagen
(C) Elastin (D) Cellulose
34. Which one of the following is the
scientific name of the causal
organism of elephantiasis ?
(A) Ascaris lumbricoides
(B) Culex pipiens
(C) Wuchereria bancrofti
(D) Fasciola hepatica
35. Melanin is the natural pigment
that gives colour to human skin,
hair and the iris. It provides
protection against
(A) Ultraviolet radiation
(B) Infrared radiation
(C) X-ray radiation
(D) Short wave radio radiation
36. Who among the following is the
Chairman of the Inter-discipli-
nary Committee constituted
recently by the Government of
India to examine framework for
virtual currencies ?
 (A) Secretary, Department of
Financial Services
(B) Special Secretary, Depart-
ment of Revenue
(C) Special Secretary, Depart-
ment of Economic Affairs
(D) Deputy Governor, Reserve
Bank of India
37. SAMPADA scheme is being
implemented by the Ministry
of—
(A) Finance
(B) Housing and Urban Affairs
(C) Food Processing Industries
(D) Earth Sciences
38. The shortest day length that
occurs in the Northern hemi-
sphere is on—
(A) 21st March
(B) 23rd September
(C) 22nd November
(D) 22nd December
39. The Indian Railways have gone
in for qualitative improvements
since independence. Which of
the following have taken place in
recent years ?
1. Gauge conversion
2. Track electrification
3. Automatic signals
Select the correct answer using
the codes given below :
(A) 1 and 2 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
40. In India, maximum amount of
rainfall is received from—
(A) Western Disturbances
(B) North-east Monsoon
(C) South-west Monsoon
(D) Retreating Monsoon
41. Which set of the following bio-
sphere reserves in India is
included in the World Network
of Biosphere Reserves ?
(A) Gulf of Mannar, Nokrek,
Panchmarhi and Simlipal
(B) Gulf of Mannar, Kanchan-
junga, Nokrek and Seshachalam
(C) Nilgiri, Nokrek, Panchmarhi
and Panna
(D) Nilgiri, Nokrek, Panchmarhi
and Seshachalam
PD/January/2018/159
42. Which of the following state-
ments about magnetite ore of
iron is/are correct ?
1. It is known as black ore.
2. It contains 60% to 70% of
pure iron.
3. It possesses magnetic pro-
perties
Select the correct answer using
the codes given below :
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 and 3 only
(C) 1 and 3 only
(D) 1, 2 and 3
43. Which one of the following vita-
mins has a role in blood clotting ?
(A) Vitamin A
(B) Vitamin D
(C) Vitamin E
(D) Vitamin K
44. The term ‘Probiotic’ is applied
to—
(A) Organic food
(B) Antacid
(C) Antibiotic
(D) Live microbial food/feed
supplement
45. Which one of the following
microbes causes acidification and
curding of milk ?
(A) Lactic Acid Bacillus
(B) Clostridium botulinum
(C) Vibrio cholerae
(D) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
46. Who among the following shared
the Nobel Prize in 1962 along
with Francis Crick and James
Watson for their discoveries con-
cerning the molecular structure
of nucleic acids ?
(A) Erwin Chargaff
(B) Maurice Hugh Frederick
Wilkins
(C) Rosalind Franklin
(D) Phoebus Levene
47. Water boils at a lower tempera-
ture at high altitudes, because—
(A) the air pressure is less
(B) outside temperature is less
(C) latent heat is less
(D) None of the above
48. Concave mirror is used in head-
lights of vehicles, because it—
(A) focuses light from the bulb
onto nearby vehicles
(B) sends parallel rays
(C) fits well into the shape of
the headlight
(D) is cheaper than other mirrors
49. If some object is weighed when
submerged in water, what will
happen to its weight compared
to its weight in air ?
(A) Increase
(B) Decrease
(C) Remain exactly the same
(D) Increase or decrease cannot
be predicted
50. Light year is a measure of —
(A) time
(B) distance
(C) total amount of light falling
on the Earth in a year
(D) average intensity of light
falling on the Earth in a year
51. Intake of which one of the
following food components
should be minimized by patients
having Gouty Arthritis due to
elevated serum uric acid level ?
(A) Food fibres
(B) Nucleic acids
(C) Lipids
(D) Carbohydrates
52. Which one of the following state-
ments about microbes is not
correct ?
(A) They are used in sewage
treatment plants
(B) They are used in industrial
fermenters for the production of
beverages
(C) No antibiotic has been
obtained from any microbe
(D) They are used to get many
bioactive molecules for the treat-
ment of diseases
53. Golden rice is a genetically-
modified crop plant where the
incorporated gene is meant for
biosynthesis of—
(A) Omega-3 fatty acids
(B) Vitamin A
(C) Vitamin B
(D) Vitamin C
54. An object moves in a circular
path with a constant speed.
Which one of the following state-
ments is correct ?
 (A) The centripetal acceleration
of the object is smaller for a
gentle curve (i. e., curve of larger
radius) than that for a sharp
curve (i. e., curve of smaller ra-
dius)
(B) The centripetal acceleration
is greater for a gentle curve than
that for a sharp curve
(C) The centripetal acceleration
is the same for both, the gentle
and sharp curves
(D) The centripetal acceleration
causes the object to slow down
55. The force acting on a particle of
mass m moving along the x-axis
is given by F(x ) = Ax 2 – Bx.
Which one of the following is the
potential energy of the particle ?
(A) 2Ax – B
x2
(B) – (2Ax – 3B)
6 (C) ions
(C) Ax 3 – Bx2
(D) Zero
56. The symbol of SI unit of induc-
tance is H. It stands for—
(A) Holm (B) Halogen
(C) Henry (D) Hertz
57. In a vacuum, a five-rupee coin, a
feather of a sparrow bird and a
mango are dropped simultane-
ously from the same height. The
time taken by them to reach the
bottom is t1 , t2 and t 3 respec-
tively. In this situation, we will
observe that—
(A) t1 > t2 > t3
(B) t1 > t3 > t2
(C) t3 > t1 > t2
(D) t1 = t2 = t3
58. Electron emission from a metallic
surface by application of light is 67. According to the Travel and
known as—
(A) Thermionic emission
(B) Photoelectric emission
(C) High field emission
(D) Autoelectronic emission
59. How long does light take to
reach the Earth from the Sun ?
(A) About 4 minutes
(B) About 8 minutes
(C) About 24 minutes
(D) About 24 hours
60. Radioactivity is measured by—
(A) GM Counter
(B) Polarimeter
PD/January/2018/160
(C) Calorimeter
(D) Colorimeter
61. The mirrors used as rear-view
mirrors in vehicles are—
(A) concave
(B) convex
(C) cylindrical
(D) plane
62. Which one of the following
waves is used for detecting
forgery in currency notes ?
(A) Ultraviolet waves
(B) Infrared waves
(C) Radio waves
(D) Microwaves
63. The majority charge carriers in a
p-type semiconductor are—
(A) free electrons
(B) conduction electrons
(D) holes
64. The ionization energy of hydro-
gen atom in the ground state is—
(A) 13·6 MeV (B) 13·6 eV
(C) 13·6 Joule (D) Zero
65. When pure water boils vigo-
rously, the bubbles that rise to
the surface are composed pri-
marily of‚—
(A) air
(B) hydrogen
(C) hydrogen and oxygen
(D) water vapour
66. Which compound, when dis-
solved in water, conducts
electricity and forms a basic
solution ?
(A) HCl (B) CH3 COOH
(C) CH 3 OH (D) NaOH
Tourism Competitiveness Index
(TTCI) 2017 released by the
World Economic Forum, among
the 136 economies across the
world, India ranked—
(A) 50th (B) 40th
(C) 30th (D) 20th
68. Which one of the following is the
theme of the World Health Day,
2017 celebrated by the World
Health Organization ?
(A) Diabetes
(B) Food Safety
(C) Depression : Let’s Talk
(D) Ageing and Health
69. Which one of the following
Ministries has launched a new
programme on Interdisciplinary
Cyber Physical Systems (ICPS) to
foster and promote R & D ?
(A) Ministry of Earth Sciences
(B) Ministry of Science and
Technology
(C) Ministry of Information and
Broadcasting
(D) Ministry of New and Renew-
able Energy
70. Consider the following state-
ments about the Nagara style of
temple architecture :
1. This style of temples are
commonly found in the
areas between Himalayas
and Vindhyas.
2. The most striking feature of
this style is its pyramidal
shikhara
Which of the statements given
above is/are correct ?
(A) 1 only
(B) 2 only
(C) Both 1 and 2
(D) Neither 1 nor 2
71. Ashoka’s connection with
Buddhism is evident from which
one of the following edicts ?
(A) Major Rock Edict 13
(B) Rock Edict 6
(C) Minor Rock Edict 1
(D) Pillar Edict 4
72. The Cabinet Mission Plan for
India envisaged a—
(A) Federation
(B) Confederation
(C) Unitary form of Govern-
ment
(D) Union of States
73. The creation of the institution of
Lokpal was first recommended
by—
(A) Law Commission
(B) Santhanam Committee
(C) Shah Commission
(D) Administrative Reforms
Commission
74. Which one of the following is a
cause of acid rains ?
(A) Ozone
(B) Ammonia
(C) Sulphur dioxide
(D) Carbon monoxide
75. The desirable range of pH for
drinking water is—
(A) 6·5 to 8·5 (B) 5·0 to 6·5
(C) 6·5 to 7·0 (D) 7·0 to 8·5
76. Consider the following reaction :
CH4 + 2O 2 ⎯⎯⎯→ CO 2 + 2H2 O
Which of the following about the
reaction given above is/are
correct ?
1. Carbon is oxidized
2. Hydrogen is oxidized
3. Hydrogen is reduced
4. Carbon is reduced
Select the correct answer using
the code given below :
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 and 2 only
(C) 2 and 3 only
(D) 2 and 4 only
77. Sunrise in eastern Arunachal
Pradesh would be about how
many hours before the sunrise in
western Gujarat ?
(A) One hour
(B) Two hours
(C) Three hours
(D) Four hours
78. Consider the following States of
India in terms of percentage of
forest area in relation to the total
area of the State :
1. Karnataka
2. Odisha
3. Kerala
4. Andhra Pradesh
Which one of the following is the
correct descending order ?
(A) 1–2–4–3 (B) 3–1–2–4
(C) 3–2–1–4 (D) 2–3–1–4
79. Which one of the following
States in India has the longest
constline ?
(A) Odisha
(B) Tamil Nadu
(C) Karnataka
(D) West Bengal
80. Which one of the following
States in India has the largest
area under forest cover ?
(A) Maharashtra
(B) Chhattisgarh
(C) Madhya Pradesh
(D) Andhra Pradesh
81. Which one of the following is not
an igneous rock ?
(A) Gabbro (B) Granite
(C) Dolomite (D) Basalt
82. The Coriolis effect is the result
of—
(A) Pressure gradient
(B) Earth’s axis of inclination
(C) Earth’s rotation
(D) Earth’s revolution
83. Where is Mekong Delta located ?
(A) Thailand (B) Cambodia
(C) Myanmar (D) Vietnam
84. Which one of the following pairs
of rivers and tributaries is not
correctly matched ?
(A) Godavari : Indravati
(B) Ganga : Penganga
(C) Krishna : Bhima
(D) Luni : Sukri
85. Consider the following cha-
racteristics of tropical cyclone :
1. A warm sea temperature of
> 26°C
2. High relative humidity of
atmosphere at a height of
> 700 m
3. Atmospheric instability
The above mentioned chara-
cteristics are associated with
which one of the following cycles
of its development ?
(A) Formulation and initial
stage
(B) Modification stage
(C) Full maturity
(D) Decay
86. In the Mesopotamian records,
which one of the following terms
was used for the Indus Valley
(Harappans) ?
(A) Dilmun (B) Meluha
(C) Magan (D) Failaka
87. The principal use of hydrofluoric
acid is—
(A) in etching glass
(B) as a bleaching agent
(C) as an extremely strong
oxidizing agent
(D) in the preparation of strong
organic fluorine compounds
88. The species that has the same
35
number of electrons as 17Cl is :
32 34 +
(A) 16S (B) 16S
40 35 2–
(C) +
18Ar (D) 16S
89. The compound C6H12O4 contains
(A) 22 atoms per mole
(B) twice the mass per cent of H
as compared to the mass per cent
of C
(C) six times the mass per cent
of C as compared to the mass per
cent of H
(D) thrice the mass per cent of H
as compared to the mass per cent
of O
90. The proposition ‘equal volumes
of different gases contain equal
numbers of molecules at the
same temperature and pressure’
is known as—
(A) Avogadro’s hypothesis
(B) Gay-Lussac’s hypothesis
(C) Planck’s hypothesis
(D) Kirchhoff’s theory
91. Which one of the following state-
ments about the Ilbert Bill is
correct ?
(A) It proposed that the Indian
magistrates would try Europeans
in criminal cases
(B) It allowed Indians to file
criminal cases against Europeans
(C) It authorized Indian ICS
officers to try Europeans in
courts
(D) It was an agitation led by
Ilbert in support of the nation-
alists
92. Who among the following can
attend the meetings of both
Houses of Parliament while not
being a member of either
House ?
(A) The Solicitor General of
India
(B) The Vice-President of India
(C) The Comptroller and
Auditor General of India
(D) The Attorney General of
India
93. Who among the following was
believed to be a leader of the
Sanyasis and Fakirs conspiring
against the British in 1857 ?
(A) Mangal Pandey
(B) Bahadur Shah II
(C) Queen Zeenat Mahal
(D) Nana Sahib

PD/January/2018/161
94. Who among the following was
the founder of the Avadh
Kingdom in the 18th century ?
(A) Murshid Quli Khan
(B) Saadat Khan
(C) Alivardi Khan
(D) Sarfaraz Khan
95. Who among the following was
the founder of the Young Bengal
Movement ?
(A) Henry Vivian Derozio
(B) David Hare
(C) Dwarkanath Tagore
(D) Prasanna Kumar Tagore
96. Which one of the following
statements about the Quit India
Movement is not correct ?
(A) It broke out in August 1942
(B) Ahmedabad Textile Mills
went on strike for more than
three months
(C) Muslim League and Hindu
Mahasabha actively participated
in the movement
(D) Communist Party did not
support the movement
97. Who among the following is the
winner of the Singapore Open
Superseries Badminton Men’s
Singles title 2017 ?
(A) Kidambi Srikanth
(B) Lin Dan
(C) B. Sai Praneeth
(D) Kento Momota
98. Koradi Thermal Power Station is
located in—
(A) Nagpur
(B) Raipur
(C) Mumbai
(D) Secunderabad
99. Which one of the following is the
theme of the International Day
for Monuments and Sites (World
Heritage Day) 2017 ?
(A) The Heritage of Sport
(B) Cultural Heritage and
Sustainable Tourism
(C) Past and Present Heritage
(D) Heritage and Science
100. In April 2017, USA dropped
MOAB (Massive Ordnance Air
Blast popularly known as the
Mother of All Bombs) in the
PD/January/2018/162
suspected hideouts of militants
in which one of the following
countries ?
(A) Iran
(B) Syria
(C) Afghanistan
(D) Somalia
Answers with Hints
1. (D) 2. (C)
3. (D) A transformer designed to
increase voltage from primary to
secondary is called a step up
transformers.
4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (A)
7. (A) Oxygen (21%) is the second
abundant gas present in the
atmospher after Nitrozen (98%).
8. (B)
9. (C) Sodium Carbonate is used as
a Washing Soda.
10. (D)
11. (B) Movements Date/Year
1. Moplah Rebellion 1921
2. Bardoli Satyagrah 1928
3. Champaran Satyagrah
10 April, 1917
4. Salt Satyagrah
12 March to 6 April, 1930
12. (A)
13. (D) Sheikh Bahauddin Zakariya
was a Suhrawardi Sufi saint.
14. (C)
15. (A) A rainbow is a meteoro-
logical Phenomenan that is
caused by reflection, refraction
and dispersion of light in water
droplets, resulting in a spectrum
of light appearing in the sky in
the form of multicoloured
circular arc (Rainbow).
16. (B) 17. (C) 18. (D) 19. (A) 20. (A) 45. (A) Acidification and curding of
21. (C) 22. (C)
23. (C) Although used earlier by
French writers the term Industrial
Revolution was first popularised
by the English economic histo-
nian Arnold Toynbee (1852–83)
to describe Britain’s Economic
Development from 1760 to 1840.
24. (C) 25. (C)
26. (B) Dada Bhai Naoroji founded 47. (A) Higher altitude the air is
the East India Association, one of
the predecessor organisations of
India.
27. (B) Marina Trench, the deepest
trench is situated in Western
Pacific Ocean.
28. (D) Taklamakan or Taklimakan
desert is situated in South West
Xingiang Liyghar Autonomous
Region north West China.
29. (B) Rudraprayag is situated at
the confluence of Alakananda
and Mandakini.
30. (B)
31. (B) During the Winter season
Kashmir region gets additional
rainfall from western distur-
bance, originated in Meditterrean
Sea.
32. (C)
33. (B) Tendons are connected
muscle to bone, which are made-
up of collegan fibre, but ligament
connect bone to bone-are made-
up of Elastin fibre.
34. (C) 35. (A)
36. (C) The nine member inter-dis-
ciplinary committee will be
chaired by Dinesh Sharma,
Special Secretary in the economic
affairs deptt.
37. (C) 38. (D) 39. (D)
40. (C) In India most of the rainfall
is received by South-West Mon-
soon.
41. (A)
42. (C) Magnetite was contains 72%
of Iron not 60% to 70% Iron.
43. (D)
44. (D) ‘Probiotics’-A live microbial
feed supplement, which benefici-
ally affects the host-animal. This
increased the growth rate,
improved feed conservation, egg
quality and animal health.
milk, say; change of milk into
curd (Dahi) is caused by micro-
organism/bacteria-‘Lactobacillus
bulgaricus’ (say); lactic Acid
Bacillus) through fermentation
process. About 8% of the milk
produced in India is made into
dahi (curd)
46. (B)
ranified, causes low atmospheric
pressure, hence water boils
earlier.
48. (B) Because concave mirror con-
verge the light rays comming
from the focus will be reflected
back in the form of long parallel
rays.
49. (B)
50. (B) Light year is a measure of
distance.
51. (B) 52. (C)
53. (B) Golden rice—a biotechno-
logy—derived rice, which con-
tains large amounts of Beta-
Carotene (a precursor of Vitamin
‘A’) in its seeds.
54. (B) Formula ; a = w 2 .r
As obvious from the formula that
acceleration (a) is greater if the
radius (r) is larger.
55. (D)
56. (C) ‘Henry’-SI unit (Symbol H)
of inductance.
57. (D) This experiment was con-
ducted and conclusion was
drawn by Galileo in 17th cen-
tury; i.e., t1 = t2 = t3 .
58. (B) 59. (B)
60. (A) Radioactivity is the properly
exhibited by the radioactive
+ ketons Propoganda by wande-
isotopes of stable elements and
can be either natural or induced.
Radioactivity is measured by GM
counter.
61. (A) 62. (A) 63. (D) 64. (B)
65. (A) Pure water when boiled
vigorously, the primarly bubble
that rise on the surface are
composed of air.
66. (B) 67. (B) 68. (C) 69. (B)
70. (A) Pyramid shaped shikharas
consists primarily in Dravidian
architecture.
71. (C) 72. (D) 73. (D)
74. (C) Acid rain is caused by a
chemical reaction that begins
when compounds like Sulphur
dioxide and Nitrogen oxides are
released into the atmosphere.
75. (C) 76. (A) 77. (B)
78. (C) As per forest and Environ-
ment Report, 2015 the percentage
of forested area in relation to the
total area of the state is as
follows Karela (49·5%), Odisha
(32·34%), Karnataka (18·9%),
Andhra Pradesh (15·25%).
PD/January/2018/163
79. (B) Tamil Nadu 906·9 Km. has
the largest Coastal boundary,
while Odisha 476 km, Karnataka
280 km and West Bengal 157·5
km have the coastal boundary.
80. (C) Madhya Pradesh has 197·462
km2 the maximum area under
forest while Maharashtra 50·628
km2 , Chhattisgarh 55,586 km 2
and Andhra Pradesh 24,424 km2.
81. (C) Dolomite is a sedimentary
rock while Granite, Basalt and
Gabbro are Igneous rocks.
82. (C)
83. (D) Mekong delta is situated in
Southern Vietnam.
84. (B) Penganga is the tributary of
river Wardha, not of river Ganga.
85. (C) 86. (A) 87. (A) 88. (C) 89. (C)
90. (A) 91. (A) 92. (D)
93. (D) A group of historians and
writers has asserted that the
revolt was the result of a wide-
spread and well-organized
conspiracy. They pointed to the
circulation of ‘Chapatis and red
ring as Sanyasis Faqirs and
Mandirs’. The historians say that
many of Indian regiments were
carefully linked in a secret
organization which had fixed 31
May 1857 as the day when all of
them were to revolt. It is also
said that Nana Sahib and Moulvi
Ahmed Shah of Faizabad were
Playing leading roles in the
conspiracy.
94. (B) 95. (A) 96. (D) 97. (C) 98. (A)
99. (B)100. (C)
P.Darpan
Test Your Knowledge
Answers with Hints
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (B)
6. (B) 7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (C) 10. (D)
11. (D) 12. (A) 13. (B) 14. (C) 15. (D)
16. (A) 17. (D) 18. (D) 19. (C) 20. (A)
21. (A) 22. (D)
23. (A) Market capitalization of
Apple is more than US $ 900
billion.
24. (C)
25. (C) SATH- Sustainable Action for
Transforming Human Capital is
a joint initiative between Govern-
ment of Assam and NITI Aayog .
It aims to provide structural
support to Assam government in
identifying key health priorities
and implement the solutions
towards transforming the health
and improving the wellbeing of
the people.
26. (D)
27. (C) Assam Assembly passed
Assam State Capital Region
Development Authority Bill,
2017 (ASCRDA) to create State
Capital region comprising
Guwahati and its surrounding
areas.
28. (A) Gaon ki Or campaign,
launched by SAIL, is aimed at
boosting steel consumption in
the country.
29. (A) Arundhati Bhattacharya
retired as chairperson of State
Bank of India.
30. (D)
31. (D) CARB-X stands for Com-
bating Antibiotic Resistant
Bacteria Bio-pharmaceutical
Accelerator.It is a public–private
international project. It was
started in 2016 to focus on
innovations to improve diagnosis
and treatment of drug resistant
infections. It is jointly funded by
London based Biomedical
research charity Welcome Trust
(UK) and the Biomedical Advan-
ced Research and Development
Authority (BARDA)(USA).
32. (C) School Chalo Abhiyan was
launched by Union Minister of
HRD on September 8, 2017. It
aims to re-enroll drop outs.
33. (D) 34. (C) 35. (A) 36. (A)
37. (C) GST Council took a historic
decision that in the 28% slab
there will be only 50 items and
the remaining items have been
brought down to 18%.
38. (C) Rajasthan government
amended The State Cooperative
Societies Rules 2003 and intro-
duced the provisions.
39. (A) 40. (A)
P.Darpan

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 In between 31 to 61 years 10. (E) Required population of 17. (D) ∴ Increase in required per-
12 village A centage
= 16000 ×
25 = 4000 + 9000 310 – 180
= × 100%
= 7680 180
= 13000
Less than 31 years or equal 13000
Required population of village B = %
180
= 8320
= 11680 2
In the village C : = 72 %
9
Total population = 35000 ∴ Difference = 1320
18. (C) Project of R in 2005
More than 61 years or equal ∴ Reduction in required percen- 125
tage = 240 × = 300
= 12000 – 8320 100
= 3680 1320 Project of S in 2005
= × 100%
150 13000 116
∴ 3680 × = 5520 132 = 200 × = 232
100 = % 100
13
In between 31 to 61 years ∴ Total number of project
180 2
= 9000 × = 10 % = 300 + 232
100 13
= 532
= 16200 11. (A) 6
×1−2 19. (D) Project in 2006 by R
Less than 31 years or equal 4
×2–4 150
= 360 × = 540
= 13280 4 100
×4−8
6. (B) Number of male more than 8 Project in 2006 by S
61 years or equal × 8 − 16 60
48 = 350 × = 210
1 × 16 − 32 100
= 5520 – 5520 × 736
3 540
∴ Required ratio =
= 3680 210
12. (D) 65 33 17 9 5 3
18
Number of male more than 31 = ≈ 18 : 7
− 32 − 16 −8 −4 −2
7
years and less than 61 years
1 20. (C) Non-governmental project
= 16200 – 16200 × 13. (A) 22 13 24 11 26 9 of P
5
= 12960 58
−9 + 11 − 13 + 15 − 17 = (390 + 260) × = 377
3680 100
∴ Required ratio = Non-governmental project of Q
12960 14. (C) 185 149 119 94 73 55
23 35
≈ − 36 − 30 − 25 − 21 − 18
= (360 + 160) × = 182
81 100
≈ 23 : 81 +6 +5 +4 +3 ∴ Required total project
7. (D) Number of male in the = 377 + 182 = 559
15. (A) Let the number of pass and
village A 21. (D) ∴ Required average
fail students are 25a and 4a then
= 11500 as per question, 390 + 360 + 180
=
∴ Number of female = 13500 3
25a + 7 22
= 930
Female more than 61 years or 4a – 2 3 = = 310
3
equal ⇒ 75a + 21 = 88a – 44
9 22. (A) Investment by A
= 4000 ×
16 ⇒ 13a = 65 = 16000 × 3 + 11000 × 9
= 2250 ∴ a = 5 = 147000
∴ Required percentage ∴ Required number of students Investment by B
2250 = 12000 × 3 + 17000 × 9
= × 100 = 25 × 5 + 4 × 5
13500
2 = 189000
= 16 % = 125 + 20
3 Investment by C = 21000 × 6
= 145
8. (A) ∴ Required percentage = 126000
16. (C) A : B = 4:5
= 3000 ×
100
= 15 ∴ Ratio of investment
20000 B : C = 2:3
= 7:9:6
∴ A : B : C = 8 : 10 : 15
9. (E) ∴ Required average popula- ∴ Required more amount
tion If 8x = 800
9 6
12000 + 8320 + 13280 ∴ x = 100 = 26400 × – 26400 ×
= 22 22
3
∴ Value of C = 15 × 100 = 10800 – 7200
33600
=
3
= 11200 = 1500 = R 3600

PD/January/2018/174
23. (C) Let amount = R P, 27. (E) A + B + C = 92 × 3 = 276 3x × 12 : (4x × 4) + (2x × 8) : 2x × 12
Hence, as per question, …(1) 36x : 16x + 16x : 24x
2
24·40 = P × ( )5
100
From statement I,
C – B = 36 …(2)
36x : 32x : 24x
9x : 8x : 6x
or C = 36 + B Then from statement I,
× ( 3+
5
100 ) On substracting eqn. (2) from
eqn. (1)
8x – 6x = 600
2x = 600
24·40 × 10000 × 100
⇒ P = A + B + C – (C – B) = 276 – 36 x = 300
25 × 305
A + B + C – C + B = 240 C’s investment = 2 × 300
= R 3200 A + 2B = 240 = R 600
24. (D) Let present age of Randheer or 2B + A = 240 …(3)
is x years then as per question, 30. (A) Let the amount deposit at
From statement II, 18% per annum is R x, then,
Age of Mahesh = 5 years If X = A–B 15 18
Age of Anoop = 3 years (25000 – x) × +x× = 4050
Then, (C – X) – (X – B) = 132 100 100
x–6
∴ = 3 C – X – X + B = 132 ⇒ 25000 × 15 – 15x + 18x
18
C – 2X + B = 132 = 405000
⇒ x – 6 = 54
C – 2A + 2B + B = 132 3x = 405000 – 375000
∴ x = 60 years
2 3
C – 2A + 3B = 132 ∴ x = R 10000
25. (B) Zinc in mixture = + …(4)
3 4 31. (D) Required probability
4 9 From statement I and II
Copper in mixture =
3
2
+
4
3
36 + B – 2A + 3B = 132
(on putting the value of C)
= ( ) ( )
4 5
×
6 8
+
2 3
×
6 8
+ 20 6
3 4 = +
∴ Required ratio = – 2A + 4B = 96 48 48
4 9
+ 2(– A + 2B) = 96 26 13
3 4 = =
8+9 2B – A = 48 …(5) 48 24
=
16 + 27 From eqn. (3) and (5) 32. (C) ∴ Required days to complete
17
= 2B + A – (2B – A) = 240 – 48 the work
43
≈ 17 : 43
2B + A – 2B + A = 192
= 2⎜
⎛ 8 × 6 × 10 ⎞
⎟
26. (E) Let quantity of milk = 4Y
2A = 192 ⎝ 8 × 6 + 6 × 10 + 8 × 10 ⎠
A = 96 480 480
and quantity of water = Y = 2× =
28. (E) Let the age of father is x years 188 94
Then from statement I then the age of mother is (x – 5) 240
4X =
4Y – years. 47
5 2 5
⇒ = From I, x – 7 = 55 = 5 days
X 1 47
Y – + 16
5 From I and II,
20Y – 4X 2 33. (A) ∴ Required average of the
⇒ = ∴ x = 62 years
5Y – X + 80 1 quantity of rice,
From II, let the age of Ram is y (18 + 19 + 14) 1
⇒ 20Y – 4X = 10Y – 2X years then = 800 × ×
100 3
+ 160 y+3 2
= = 136 kg
⇒ 10Y – 2X = 160 x–5+3 5
From I and II, 34. (A) ∴ Required central angle of C
⇒ 5Y – X = 80
X = 5Y – 80 …(1) ⇒ 5y + 15 = 120 360°
= × 19 = 68·4°
From statement II 105 100
∴ y =
20 5 35. (D) ∴ Required difference
⇒ X = (4Y + Y) ×
100 = 21 years 800
1 21 + 4 = [(25 + 18) – (14 + 24)]
⇒ X = 5Y × = Y Required ratio = 100
5 62 – 12
= 8 (43 – 38)
∴ X = Y …(2) 25 1
= = = 8×5
50 2
From equation (1) and (2) of
or = 1:2 = 40 kg
statement I and II
⇒ X = 5X – 80 29. (A) Let investment of A, B and C 36. (E) ∴ Extra quantity
⇒ 5X – X = 80 are 3x, 4x and 2x respectively. 105
= 800 × – 800
⇒ 4X = 80 Then, Ratio of annual investment 100
X = 20 litre of A,B and C = 40 kg

PD/January/2018/175
 ∴ Required quantity of distribu- ∴ Selling price to get 25% profit ∴ Total number of people on
ted rice 125 Sunday
= R (600 + 100) ×
800 100 = 770
= × (24 + 18) + 40
100 = R 7 × 125 Similarly, total number of people
= 8 × 42 + 40 = R 875 on Thursday
= 376 kg = 420 + 140 × 2
4
37. (A) Distance of downstream 40. (D) (9)3 = (? – 3·3) × 90 ÷ √
⎯⎯⎯
625 = 700
= Speed of downstream 90
⇒ 81 × 9 = (? – 3·3) × ∴ Required increased percentage
5
× Time taken 70 × 100
= 18 × ? – 59·4 = %
5 700
35 = Speed of downstream ×
2 ⇒ 18 × ? = 729 + 60
= 10%
∴ Speed of downstream = 789
47. (A) Number of literates men on
35 × 2 789
∴ ? = Thursday
= 18
5 = 320 – 192
= 14 km/hour = 43·8 ≈ 44
= 128
Let speed of boat = A 41. (C) (128 × 10 × 80) ÷ 100 = ?2
∴ Number of literates women on
Speed of stream = B ⇒ ?2 = 1024 Thursday
Downstream speed from B to C ∴ ? = 32 = 420 – 128
= (A + B) = 292
42. (C) √ 529 – (4)2 = √
⎯⎯⎯ ⎯? – √
⎯⎯9
= 14 km/hour
⇒ 23 – 16 = √
⎯? – 3 48. (E) No. of literates on Monday
Upstream speed from A to B
= 350
= (A – B) ⇒ √ ? = 10
⎯
then, no. of illiterates on Monday
∴ A = 14 – B …(i) ∴ ? = 100 350
5 7 = ×3
∴ = …(ii) 43. (E) 85 × 12 + ⎯√⎯49 × 16 = 283 × ⎯√ ? 5
A–B 14 = 210
5 7 ⇒ 1020 + 112 = 283 × ⎯√ ?
⇒ = then, as per question
14 – 2B 14 ∴ √? = 4
⎯
No. of illiterates on Friday
⇒ 14 – 2B = 10, ⇒ ? = 16 140
4 = 210 ×
∴ 100
B =
2 44. (A) 4500 ÷ 15 ÷ √
⎯⎯⎯
144 × 5 = ?
= 294
= 2 km/hour ⇒ 25 × 5 = ?
and no. of literates on Friday
38. (B) Let the distance between A ∴ ? = 125 80
= 350 ×
to B 100
45. (B) Let the length and width of
= x km park is 3x m and 2x m respecti- = 280
x x/2 vely then, ∴ Required difference
∴ + = 19
14 + 4 14 – 4 = 294 – 280
Travel distance in 8 minute
x x
⇒ + = 19 5 = 14
18 20 = 12 × × 8 × 60 metre
18
⇒ 20x + 18x = 19 × 18 × 20 49. (A) ∴ Required average
= 1600 metre
350 + 400 + 360
19 × 18 × 20 ∴ (3x + 2x) × 2 = 1600 =
3
∴ x =
38 ⇒ 10x = 1600 1110
= 180 km =
∴ x = 160 3
39. (D) Let the purchase price of 100 ∴ Required area = 370
pens
= 3x × 2x square metre 50. (B) ∴ Required ratio
= Rx
= 6 × 160 × 160 240 + 320
90
∴ x× = 600 = 153600 square metre (350 + 210 – 240) + (400 + 320 – 320)
100
560
∴ x = R 666·67 46. (D) Let the number of literates =
320 + 400
115 people on Sunday is 6x then,
∴ Expenditure = 666·67 × =
560
100 6x = 420 720
= R 766·67 ∴ x = 70 7
=
∴ Net expenditure ∴ Number of illiterates people 9
= 766·67 – 666·67 on Sunday = 7:9
= R 100 = 5 × 70 = 350 P.Darpan

PD/January/2018/176
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 Liberty is the positive power of doing
things worth doing or enjoying things worth
enjoying in cooperation with other citizens
Liberty is the positive power of
doing things worth doing, or enjoy-
ing things worth enjoying in coopera-
tion with other citizens.
“Without liberty of thought, there
can be no such thing as wisdom.”
—Benjamin Franklin
People call it a ‘historic moment’,
when a royal decree of Saudi Arabia
granting women permission to drive
from June 2018,
was announced.
When women are
capable of driving,
they should be
allowed as in rest
of the countries. It
empowers them. It
is their liberty to drive, and it is a
positive aspect. However, the ques-
tion is—can liberty be endless ? May
be Not. We cannot even expect how a
road could be when everyone is let
free to drive as they like, neglecting
traffic signals. Such things should
never happen in the name of Liberty.
The word ‘Liberty’ is derived
from Latin word ‘Liber’—meaning
‘free’. According to Oxford dic-
tionary, it is the state of being free
within society from oppressive
restrictions imposed by authority on
one’s way of life, behaviour or
political views. It could also mean
freedom to enjoy one’s rights, i.e.,
liberty is a fundamental concept.
A man can achieve a lot if he is
given some liberty. A man is free to
enjoy music in his house or watch TV,
even at odd hours, without disturb-
ing his neighbours, their sleep on
their privacy.
Only with cooperation among
fellow- citizens, harmony can be esta-
blished in society. It is not just
confined to individuals, but also
applicable to communities/reli-
gions. One religion must cooperate
with others, so that all can have some
liberty.
However, restrictionless liberty
can also be dangerous, as it leads to
chaos in society.
PD/January/2018/178
—Manikanta Kotti
In this sense, liberalism can be chains are removed all of a sudden ?
classified into negative and positive Recently Las Vegas shooting killed
liberty. Negative denotes absence of atleast 60 in deadliest ever US gun
restraints, which in a civil society attack. If no restrictions are placed,
cannot be accepted. Positive liberty man may even become beast easily
denotes liberty under necessary res- like this. Till the moral and ethical
traints imposed by law. For example, values of a person act in their best
On a ‘New Year’ night celebrations way, restrictions must exist. Thomas
were generally allowed till 1 a.m. Hill Green, liberal political philoso-
only. This restriction is imposed by pher, says, it is the positive power of
the Executive (here police) to main- doing or enjoying. It also indicates
tain law and order and curb nuisances that liberty of negative order should
in the public places. be curbed.
“Liberty is the eager main- In his ‘Theory of Social Justice’,
tenance of that atmosphere in which John Rawls highlighted equal liberty
men have the opportunities to be and equality of opportunity to all. It
their best-shelves.” —Laski should also take care of suppressed
sections. Government should be res-
The Constitution of India has
ponsible, transparent and separations
provided its citizens with liberty, as
of powers among organs of Govern-
mentioned in the preamble, ‘Liberty
ment, i.e., legislature, executive and
of thought, expression, belief, faith
judiciary should be clearly done. One
and worship’, implying one is free
may, sometimes, need to sacrifice
to think/dream, free to express his
one’s rights in larger interests. Ex.
views, free to believe his ideas, and
Supreme Court banning crackers
free to worship any religion.
sale in Delhi—eventhough to control
Eventhough the ideas of liberty pollution levels in Delhi.
were born centuries ago, it was
Statue of Liberty, One of the
gradually developed into various
wonders, holds torch to demonstrate
sub-concepts. The concept of national
the power of light over darkness, of
liberty highlights it as inherited from
hope over despair. This statue holds a
nature. However, unrestricted society
deep meaning of liberty. India as a
creates anarchy, leading to suppres-
Nation, as it moved from the clutches
sion of minorities by the ‘rule of
of British Rule, to an Independent
muscle power’. The concept of civil
sovereign nation, should uphold the
liberty enjoins liberty as a member
positive features of liberty, so that all
of society, i.e., accepts restraints to
can live in harmony.
maintain order in society. Political
P.Darpan
liberty denotes freedom to participate
in political process, like to contest
elections, to vote, to form a political
party. Religious liberty highlights
not just freedom to profess, but also
freedom not to profess. Religious
liberty is a sensitive issue. In a
secular state, all religions should live
in harmony. Any small disturbance
between two sects or religions can
result in death and destruction. Ex.
Ayodhya case and Godhra train
incidents.
One of the great philosophers,
Rousseau says, ‘Man is born free, but
he is everywhere in chains’. What if
 To Prevent Corruption in
Appointments the interview System
should be Done Away with
In Favour
—Nidhi Sharma
First of all what is corruption ?
So the people say generally, “corrup-
tion is the misuse of public power by
elected politician or appointed civil
servants.”
I think corrup-
tion is the price we
pay for democracy.
The person we
choose for demo-
cracy, the person
we choose for
leadership, can win
all departments with money and other
resources and other possible ways.
The Prime Minister Narendra
Modi said, he had seen that when a
youth gets an interview call, he often
looks for a ‘sifarish’ (recommend-
ation). So, he took a step by doing
away with the practice of holding
interview for recruitment at junior
levels. I totally support our PM and
appreciate his decision.
One of the areas of corruption is
recruitment. Even the poorest of the
poor wants that his son should get
a job. So, to prevent corruption in
appointment the interview systems
should be removed because as long
as there is interview system in a
job, talented and capable person will
never be able to get that job.
In interview system, the corrup-
tion is because of the person who is
interviewing. Being corrupt is a
choice of an individual who can trade
his honour for money or any other
benefit. If that person has strong
ethics and belief in himself, he will
not trade his honour and will select
correct and suitable person for that
job with honesty.
But such people exist every-
where who have no morals & ethics.
They work just for money and
success. To throw out such people
from the system we should take
steps.
PD/January/2018/179
But it is not easy to find and
eliminate such persons from the
system because corruption has
already spread everywhere and if
anybody gets a chance for being
corrupt then we cannot identify
every such person. So, one thing
we can do to prevent corruption in
appointments is to remove interview
system and select the candidate by
his merit.
By recruiting on the basis of
merit will help the poor to get rid of
this kind of corruption. There are
many people who come from far
away distance to attend the interview
and to get the job, but because of
corruption and absence of recom-
mendation they are not able to get
that job and face disappointment.
So long as the people who
promoted corruption in every job are
present, we cannot destroy corrup-
tion because those people who are
interviewing in company and give job
to a new person are the ones who are
spoiling the interview system today.
As we know, corruption is
increasing in our society day-by-day.
It is a massive hurdle in development
of our country. So we have to stop
corruption; we have to take one step
by removing interview system for
appointments.
To end this practice and avoid
corruption the recruitment can be
done through transparent, online
process.
In top level jobs where persona-
lity or physical appearance are
required there can be a different
system.
Therefore in my opinion inter-
view system should be done away
with to prevent corruption in
appointments alteast in junior level
recruitment.
Against
—Nitesh Katoch
India has always proved its
worth in producing leading global
diplomats, bureaucrats and officials.
With its rich educational system and
rigorous appointment system, it has
produced the best people who serve
the nation dedicatedly and bring
vibrant results in development of it as
a nation. In recent times, people
started doubting the abilities of
selected officials and the factors such
as nepotism and corruption in the
appointment of these officials. How-
ever, it has been proved out to be
farce in larger terms.
The aim of
interview system is
to determine the
abilities of an
individual beyond
the normal pen-
paper test. Some-
times, people have
enriched themselves a lot with books
but lack certain abilities which are
not mentioned in books but play an
important role for that particular job.
It is much of a personality test and
abilities carried out by an individual
to cater to that particular job and
assessment of that matters too.
For instance, one may have good
knowledge of his subjects and know
a lot about historical, geographical
and political aspects of country but
lacks qualities such as team-work,
honesty, leadership, courtesy,
patience etc. which are more essential
for one to be a leading officer.
On the other hand, one may have
average knowledge of all the above
subjects but is honest, courteous,
patient and possesses leadership
qualities is more suitable for appoint-
ment. In these cases, the role of inter-
view plays a major role in determin-
ing the correct and essential abilities
of an individual. The knowledge
from books can be inculcated in
longer run of life and can be achieved
in few days but qualities of leader-
ship which make him productive take
time to develop in one’s personality.
If one goes and stops this inter-
view system it will always lead people
who have read huge number of books
Continued on Page 185
 Special on Diseases
1. Malaria is caused by a— 8. The disease Scurvy is caused (B) Kwashiorkor
(A) Parasitic infection by— —Protein deficiency
(B) Bacterial infection (A) The deficiency of Vitamin (C) Pellagra
‘C’ —Vitamin B1 deficiency
(C) Viral infection
(B) The deficiency of Folic Acid (D) Scurvy
(D) Helminthes infection
(C) A bacterial infection —Vitamin C deficiency
2. Which of the following is a
(D) A viral infection 15. ELISA test is widely used for the
water-borne disease ?
(A) Tuberculosis 9. Which of the following is a diagnosis of—
communicable disease ? (A) Japanese Encephalitis
(B) Filariasis
(A) Diabetes (B) AIDS
(C) Cholera
(B) Cancer (C) Typhoid
(D) Gonorrhea
(C) AIDS (D) Leprosy
3. Which of the following diseases
(D) Night Blindness 16. Which of the following is
is caused by nutritional
sexually transmitted disease ?
deficiency ? 10. Which of the following diseases
is caused by droplet infection ? (A) AIDS
(A) Meningitis
(B) Hepatitis-B
(B) Hepatitis (A) Tuberculosis
(C) Trichomoniasis
(C) Rickets (B) Plague
(D) All of the above
(D) Influenza (C) Leprosy
17. The disease Diphtheria affects—
(D) All of the above
4. India has been declared free (A) Lungs
from— 11. Which of the following diseases (B) Throat
(A) Chickenpox infects others via the upper and
(C) Liver
(B) Small Pox lower respiratory tracts ?
(D) Intestine
(C) Measles (A) chickenpox
(B) influenza 18. Which of the following pairs is
(D) Goiter not matched correctly ?
(C) mumps
5. Vaccination against which of the (A) Small Pox vaccine
(D) All of the above
following disease is not done in —Edward Jenner
“Mission Inderdhanush 200” ? 12. Government of India has laun- (B) Cholera vaccine
ched several national program- —Louis Pasteur
(A) Diphtheria
mes for the control of diseases.
(B) Whooping cough (C) Polio Vaccine
No such programme has been
—Jonas E. Salk
(C) Hepatitis B launched against—
(D) Rabies Vaccine
(D) Gastroenteritis (A) Tuberculosis
(B) Malaria —Charles Nicolle
6. Night Blindness is caused by the
deficiency of— (C) Tetanus 19. Ringworm is caused by—
(A) Vitamin ‘A’ (D) AIDS (A) Algae
(B) Vitamin ‘B’ 13. Which of the following is an (B) Fungi
acquired disease ? (C) Bacteria
(C) Vitamin ‘D’
(A) Measles (D) Virus
(D) Vitamin ‘E’
(B) AIDS 20. …………….is generally enlarged
7. Which of the following pairs is (C) Malaria in Malaria.
not matched correctly ? (D) All of the above (A) Spleen
(A) Tuberculosis—BCG (B) Liver
14. Which of the following pairs is
(B) Whooping Cough—DPT not matched correctly ? (C) Lungs
(C) Cholera—Vibrio cholerae (A) Night blindness (D) Pancreas
(D) Meningitis—MCV —Vitamin A deficiency P.Darpan

PD/January/2018/180
 (Special on Diseases)

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PD/January/2018/181
1. India is…………largest internet
market in the world.
(A) 1st (B) 2nd
(C) 3rd (D) 4th
2. ‘Antara’ and ‘Chayya’ were in
the news in October 2017. These
are—
(A) Contraceptives launched by
Ministry of Health, GoI
(B) Documentary films based on
child prostitution
(C) Programme initiatives for
child development
(D) Programme initiatives to
control declining drop out ratio
in upper primary schools
3. Which of the following statement
is correct about LPG Panchayat?
(A) Union Government has
launched a country-wide LPG
Panchayat as a backup to the
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana
(B) It was formally launched at
a village in Gandhinagar district
in Gujarat
(C) One Lakh LPG Panchayats
will be activated across the
country under the scheme
during 2017-18 and 2018-19
(D) All of the above
4. Shaheed Gram Vikas Yojana has
been launched in the state of—
(A) Uttar Pradesh
(B) Bihar
(C) Jharkhand
(D) Haryana
5. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay
Shram Anna Yojana has been
launched in the state of—
(A) Madhya Pradesh
(B) Jharkhand
(C) Rajasthan
(D) Uttar Pradesh
6. ‘Pelli Kanuka’ scheme has been
launched in the state of—
(A) Tamil Nadu
(B) Andhra Pradesh
(C) Telangana
(D) Karnataka
PD/January/2018/183
7. ‘Bommala Kolavu’ is a cultural 12. FIFA U-17 World Cup 2017 was
tradition of— held in—
(A) Kerala (A) India (B) Turkey
(B) Andhra Pradesh (C) Germany (D) South Korea
(C) Telangana 13. Which country won Asia Cup
(D) Both (B) and (C) hockey title 2017 ?
(A) Pakistan (B) India
8. ‘Anurakthi’ is —
(A) First 3D Sanskrit film (C) Malaysia (D) Indonesia
(B) A novel 14. Consider the following state-
(C) A play usually played by ments about ‘Jeevamrutam’ and
females of gond tribals choose the correct code given
(D) An animation film below :
I. It is one of the key ingre-
9. Which of the following is India’s
dients used in organic
official entry to Oscars 2018 ?
farming.
(A) Visaranai
II. Cow dung, cow urine,
(B) Dangal
jaggery and water are its key
(C) Newton ingredients
(D) Toilet Ek Prem Katha III. It is being applied on the
10. What is correct about farm lands under the ‘Zero
‘MAATTAM’ ? Budget Natural Farming
(ZBNF) scheme
I. It is a retrofit patient transfer
system. IV. ZBNF has been launched in
Andhra Pradesh
II. It has been designed by IIT
Kanpur student Asish The correct code is—
Mohandas. (A) I and II
III. The product has won the (B) I, II and III
India James Dyson award. (C) I, II, III and IV
IV. James Dyson Award looks (D) Only I
for remarkable yet simple 15. Which of the following state-
designs with the potential to ments is correct about ’Horko-
have a huge impact on chkata’ ?
society.
(A) It is a rare plant found only
(A) Only I
in Sundarbans
(B) I and III only
(B) It is used by local people to
(C) I, II and III only treat tiger bites
(D) I, II, III and IV
(C) It has high morphine content
11. Which of the Indian cricketers and neutralizes the microbes in
has taken hat-trick in One Day tiger saliva and lessens the pain
International match ? drastically
I. Kapil Dev (D) All of the above
II. Chetan Sharma 16. ‘Kymriah’ is a/an—
III. Kuldeep Yadav (A) Gene therapy treatment that
IV. Anil Kumbaley uses a patient’s own immune
(A) Only I cells to fight childhood leukemia
(B) Only III (B) Antibiotic of fifth generation
(C) II, III and IV only (C) Vaccine against malaria
(D) I, II and III (D) Anticoagulant
17. Which of the following state-
ments is correct about ‘Road-
Railer’ ?
(A) It is a bi-modal transporta-
tion unit
(B) It runs as a semi-trailer on
road and as wagon on rail
(C) It has been tested for the
first time in India in the Chennai
Division of Southern Railways
(D) All of the above
18. Which of the following facts is
correct about ‘Tribe India’ ?
(A) It is a brand formed by the
government of India
(B) It has been developed to
promote tribal products-arts and
artefacts with a Tribal Craft Mark
(C) The brand is maintained by
TRIFED
(D) All of the above
19. Which of the following pairs is
not matched correctly ?
(A) Wheat Blast-Most fearsome
and intractable wheat disease
(B) Sayer—An artificially intelli-
gent steering wheel developed
Jaguar Land Rover company
(C) YuMi-A mobile app
(D) Co 205- A sugarcane variety
20. Leucism is a genetic condition
that does not occur in—
(A) Humans (B) Lions
(C) Fish (D) Hippos
21. Clunker policy is related to—
(A) Vehicle scrappage
(B) Rehabilitation of nomadic
tribes
(C) Disposal of agri waste
(D) Disposal of nuclear waste
22. The fourth seeded Indian
badminton player K. Srikanth
has won certain titles in 2017 :
I. French Open Super series,
2017
II. Denmark Open Super series,
2017
III. Indonesian Open Super
series, 2017
IV. Australian Open Super
Series, 2017
The correct code is—
(A) Only I is correct
(B) Only I and II are correct
(C) Only I, II and III are correct
(D) All are correct
PD/January/2018/184
23. Which is world’s largest listed (A) Arundhati Bhattacharya
company in terms of market (B) Shikha Sharma
capitalization ?
(C) Chanda Kochar
(A) Apple (B) Alphabet
(D) Usha Ananthasubramanyan
(C) Microsoft (D) Amazon
30. Amrabad Tiger Reserve is
24. VASTRA 2017 was organized
located in—
in—
(A) Bihar
(A) Delhi (B) Bhagalpur
(B) Gujarat
(C) Jaipur (D) Kolkata
(C) Jharkhand
25. ‘SATH’, is a joint initiative (D) Telangana
between—
(A) Government of India and 31. CARB-X is a—
Government of Maharashtra (A) Bio Carburetor
(B) Government of Uttar (B) Hybrid Car
Pradesh and government of (C) A gene
Rajasthan (D) Antibiotic Development
(C) NITI Aayog and Govern- project
ment of Assam
32. ‘School Chalo Abhiyan’ is tar-
(D) Ministry of Skill Develop- geted towards—
ment and Government of Gujarat
(A) Tribal girls
26. Which of the following state- (B) Children of nomadic tribes
ments is/are correct about ‘Khelo
India Programme’? (C) Drop Outs
I. Pan Indian Sports Scholar- (D) Minority girls
ships to 1000 most talented 33. Which of the following facts
young athletes each year. endorses the Pradhan Mantri
II. It strives to promote ‘Sports Matritva Vandana Yojana ?
for All’ as well as ‘ Sports for I. It was launched by Prime
Excellence’. Minister Narendra Modi on
III. Each athletes selected under January 1st, 2017 for whole
the scheme will get 5.00 of the country.
lakh scholarship per year for II. It is the refined version of
eight consecutive years. Indira Gandhi Matritva
The correct code is— Sahyog Yojana.
(A) Only I is correct III. It is a conditional cash
transfer scheme for pregnant
(B) Only III is correct
and lactating women of 19
(C) I and III are correct
years of age or above for
(D) I, II and III are correct
first two births.
27. ………government has planned IV. It provides partial wage
to create ‘state capital region’ on
compensation to women for
the lines of ‘national capital
wage loss due to pregnancy
region’.
and child care
(A) Telangana
The correct code is—
(B) Andhra Pradesh
(C) Assam (A) Only II is correct
(D) Chhattisgarh (B) I and II are correct
28. ‘Gaon ki Or campaign’ has been (C) II and IV are correct
launched by— (D) I, II, III and IV are correct
(A) Steel Authority of India Ltd 34. Government of India has decided
(B) Oil and Natural Gas Com- to purchase C-17 Globmaster
pany Aircraft from—
(C) NABARD (A) Russian Federation
(D) NTPC (B) France
29. ……………is the first woman to (C) USA
head a public sector bank. (D) UK
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Topic : Liberty is the positive power Topic : To Prevent corruption in CONCENTRIC QUIZ
of doing things worth doing or enjoy- appointments, the interview (Special on ‘Industry and Society’)
ing things worth enjoying in coopera- system should be done away with.
tion with other citizens. First Prize Winner
Shail Bisht
Winners Girdhar Vihar
First Prize Winner Winners Harrawala, Dehradun
Uttarakhand–248 001
Manikanta Kotti
Dr. No. 4-4-14/1 For the Topic Second Prize Winner
Y.N.M. College Street Vaibhav Sharma
Narsapur 61-A, Durga Nagar
West Godavari Distt. Nidhi Sharma Near Satsang Ghar, Gate No. 2
Andhra Pradesh–534 275 D/o Uma Kant Sharma Ambala City, Haryana
Second Prize Winner Jamshedpur–831 002 Haryana–134 003
Third Prize Winner
Neha Sharma
Ekram Ali
Uttam Nagar
Against the Topic C-210/1, 4th Floor, Back Side,
New Delhi-59 Thakar No.8, Shaheen Bagh
Delhi–110 025
Third Prize Winner Nitesh Katoch
Vill. : Matt Answers
Dipayan Chakraborty P.O. : Sungal Tea Estate 1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (B) 5. (D)
31, Deshbandhu Nagar Distt. : Kangra 6. (B) 7. (C) 8. (A) 9. (B) 10. (A)
P.O./Distt. Jalpaiguri Himachal Pradesh–176 061 11. (D) 12. (D) 13. (A) 14. (C) 15. (B)
West Bengal–735 101
16. (C) 17. (B) 18. (D) 19. (A) 20. (C)

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and Printed by him at Pratiyogita Darpan Printing Unit, 5 & 6 Bye Pass Road, Agra.
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