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  • EMDR и психология телесности Травмы

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    Тарас
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    This document provides an overview of EMDR therapy and somatic psychology interventions for enhancing embodiment during trauma treatment. It discusses how trauma is stored in the body and impacts the nervous system. Integrating body-oriented interventions into trauma therapy can help clients process trauma on a somatic level and increase emotional regulation. The document outlines several therapeutic techniques focused on body awareness, physical sensation, movement, and embodied experiences that may aid trauma processing and resolution when combined with traditional talk therapy approaches.

    Original Description:

    травмотерапия в психологии

    Original Title

    EMDR_и_психология_телесности_Травмы

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    This document provides an overview of EMDR therapy and somatic psychology interventions for enhancing embodiment during trauma treatment. It discusses how trauma is stored in the body and impacts the nervous system. Integrating body-oriented interventions into trauma therapy can help clients process trauma on a somatic level and increase emotional regulation. The document outlines several therapeutic techniques focused on body awareness, physical sensation, movement, and embodied experiences that may aid trauma processing and resolution when combined with traditional talk therapy approaches.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    12 views356 pages

    EMDR и психология телесности Травмы

    Uploaded by

    Тарас
    This document provides an overview of EMDR therapy and somatic psychology interventions for enhancing embodiment during trauma treatment. It discusses how trauma is stored in the body and impacts the nervous system. Integrating body-oriented interventions into trauma therapy can help clients process trauma on a somatic level and increase emotional regulation. The document outlines several therapeutic techniques focused on body awareness, physical sensation, movement, and embodied experiences that may aid trauma processing and resolution when combined with traditional talk therapy approaches.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 356

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    EMDR Therapy
    and
    Somatic Psychology
    Interventions on Enhance Embodiment
    in Trauma Treatment

    Arielle Schwartz | Barb Maiberger


    Foreward by Robin Shapiro
    EMDR
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    nMCbMeHHoro pa3pemeHMa M 3flaTe /ibCTBa W. W. Norton & Company.

    Copyright © 2018 by Arielle Schwartz and Barb Maiberger.


    All rights reserved.
    Authorized translation from the English language edition of the EMDR Therapy and Somatic
    Psychology: Interventions to Enhance Embodiment in Trauma Treatment ( ISBN 978-0-3937-1310-7),
    published by the W. W. Norton & Company.
    No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in
    any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise,
    except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the
    prior written permission of the publisher.

    ISBN 978-617-550-084- 2 ( yxp.) © OOO “ HayKOBMM CBiT”, nepeBo/t, 2023


    ISBN 978-0-3937-1310-7 ( aHrn.) © 2018 by Arielle Schwartz and Barb Maiberger
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    ^
    ^
    Kor/ta OHH H30 Bcex CHJI nbiTaiOTCH ftbimaTb HJIH TepniOT opneHTauHio H3-3a
    rojiOBOKpyaceHHH, TOHIHOTH H ycTajiocTH. ECJIH MM, KaK ncHxoTepaneBTbi ,
    He 6yaeM 3HaTb, KaK coxpaHHTb TejiecHyio oco3HaHHOCTb B MOMeHTbi Ta -
    KOTO CHJibHoro BbipaaceHHH SMOIJHH , MBI pncKyeM OTropoAHTbcn OT Haninx
    KJIHeHTOB HJIH 6 bITb nO aBJieHHblMH npon,eccoM.
    ^
    nocjie MHOTHX jieT o6yneHHH EMDR -TepaneBTOB MM 3aMeTHjiH , HTO
    MHOTHM KJiHHHUHCTaM He xBaTaeT no roTOBKH , Heo6xo£ HMOH RJift ycnem -
    ^
    HOTO ynpaBjieHHH STHMH rjiy6oKHMH TejiecHO-opneHTHpoBaHHbiMH nepe-

    ^cHBaHHHMH OHH He 3HaiOT, KaK HHTerpHpoBaTb Tejio B jieneHHe ncHxo-


    JIOTHHeCKOH TpaBMbl. TpaAHIJHOHHaH pa3TOBOpHaH nCHXOTepanHH 3aHHMa-
    eTCH KOTHHTHBHblMH H OMOIJHOHaJIbHblMH SJieMeHTaMH TpaBMaTHHeCKOTO
    onbiTa , B TO BpeMH KaK TejiecHbie KOMnoHeHTbi nacTO He 3aTparHBaioTCH .
    HanpoTHB, o6 jiacTb TejiecHO-opHeHTHpOBaHHOH ncHxoTepanHH npH3HaeT,
    HTO OAHOTO pa3yMa HeAOCTaTOHHO JXJIH jieneHHH CHMHTOMOB ncnxojiorHHe -
    CKOH TpaBMbi. TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHaH ncHxoTepanHH CTBBHT BO rjiaBy
    20 ripeflHCJiOBHe

    yrjia TejiecHyio 0C03HaHH0CTb H no3BOJineT MyzipocTH, nonepnHyToft H3


    HyBCTBeHHOrO OnbITa , ynpaBJIHTb HHCTHHKTHBHbIMH I eJIHTeJIbHblMH JXBH -
    ^
    [ Aposhyan, 2004; Caldwell, 1997; Levine, 2010; Ogden, Minton, &
    Pam, 2006; aan der Kolk , 2015]. Bojiee Toro, 3(J> (J)eKTHBHoe jieneHHe ncn -
    xojiornHecKHx TpaBM Tpe6yeT uejiocTHoro nozixozja , npn
    KOTOPOM ncnxo-
    TepaneBTbi o6 jia aiOT HaBbiicaMH , no3BOJiHiom; HMH 3(
    J cJ
    ) eKTHBHO noMoraTb
    ^ )

    KJIHeHTaM CnpaBJIHTbCH C KOTHHTHBHblMH , 3MOIJHOHaJIbHbIMH H COMaTH -


    HeCKHMH CHMIITOMaMH nOCTTpaBMaTHHeCKOTO CTpeCCOBOrO paCCTpoft -
    CTBa. EMDR-TepanHH, pa3pa6oTaHHan ZJOKTOPOM OpaHCHH IIIanHpo
    [ Shapiro , 2013, 2018] HBJineTcn caMbiM npicHM npHMepoM KOMiuieiccHoro
    ncHxoTepaneBTHHecKoro no xo a, HanpaBjieHHoro Ha ycTpaHeHHe B03fleft -
    ^ ^
    CTBHH TpaBMHpyiomHx co6 biTHH Ha pa3yM H Tejio. TeM He MeHee , TpeHHHTH
    no EMDR -TepanHH o6brrao He yrjiy6 jiHK> TCH B TO , KaK paSoTaTb c Tpe-
    BOHCHbIMH (}) H3HHeCKHMH OIIjymeHHHMH , KOTOpbie MOiyT nOMeiHaTb HH -
    CTajijmuHH pecypcoB Ha 3Tane no roTOBKH HJIH MoryT npHBecTH K 3acTOK>
    ^
    nepepa6oTKH Ha 3Tane ,aeceHCH6HjiH3aijHH. TaKHM o6pa30 M , uejib 3Toft
    KHHTH — paCIHHpHTb B03MOHCHOCTH EMDR -TepanHH 3a CHeT HHTerpaUiHH
    npHHHHnoB TejiecHO -opHeHTHpoBaHHOH
    ncHxoTepanHH H BMemaTejibCTB ,
    KOTOpbie TejiecHyio 0C03HaHH0CTb npn jieneHHH ncHxojionmecKHX TpaBM.
    Ham UOJXXOJX TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHbift noAxo/t K EMDR -TepanHH
    npe CTaBJineT co6oft CHHTe3 TOTO, HTO MBI CHHTaeM jiynniHMH ocrynHbiMH
    ^ ^
    MeTo aMH jieneHHH ncHxojiorHnecKHx TpaBM. Bojiee TOTO, TejiecHO-opn-
    ^
    eHTHpoBaHHan ncnxoTepanHH —
    3TO He npocTO Ha6op BMemaTejibCTB, Ha -
    npaBjieHHbix Ha KjmeHTa. OHH Tpe6yiOT OT ncnxoTepaneBTa npncyTCTBHH
    H OC03HaHHOCTH. B KHHTe OnHCbIBaiOTCH JJOCTynHbie H OCHOBaHHbie Ha onw-
    Te BMemaTejibCTBa, KOTOpbie npe JiaraiOT KJineHTaM noBbicHTb TejiecHyio
    ^
    oco3HaHHOCTb Ha 3Tane no roTOBKH, HCCJie/ jOBaTb ncijejimomHe ZJBHaceHHH
    ^
    Ha 3Tane #eceHCH6HjiH3aijHH H ycnjiHTb 3Tan HHCTajuimjHH 3a cneT Tejie -
    CHO-opneHTHpoBaHHOH HHTerpaitHH. HmaTejin HaftayT B Heft nepe OBbie
    HHCTpyMeHTbl , KOTOpbie nOMOryT HX KJIHeHTaM BOCCTaHOBHTb CBOK) 5KH3Hb
    ^
    nocjie noTepb, CBH3aHHbix c nocTTpaBMaranecKHM CTpeccoM.

    BJIHHHHE nPOHIJIOrO H HACTOHHJErO


    BMemaTejibCTBa, onHcaHHbie B 3Toft KHHre, ocHOBaHbi Ha HameM KOJI -
    jieKTHBHOM pa6oTbi c mnpoKHM cneKTpOM TejiecHo-opHeHTHpoBaH-
    onbiTe
    Hbix ncHxoTepaneBTHnecKHx nozixojiOB H O6IH:HX (JiaKTopoB, jie Kamnx B HX
    ^
    npe 21
    ^HCJiOBue
    ocHOBe [ Geuter, 2015]. Ha Harne MbinuieHne H 3Ty KHHry 0 Ka3ajm BJIHH -
    HHe cjiejxyK ) uxue TejiecHO -opneHTHpoBaHHbie noAxoAbi: J
    ( ) OKycHpoBaHHe

    [ Gendlin, 1982], HHTerpaTHBHan TejiecHan ncHxoTepanHH [ Rosenberg , Rand


    & Asay , 1989 ] , MeTOA XAKOMH [ Kurtz , 1990], TejiecHO-ncHXHHecKan Tepa-
    nnn [.Aposhyan, 2007], ueHTpHpoBaHHe “ pa3yM-Tejio ” [ Bainbridge Kohen ,
    1994], npoueccyajibHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHan Tepannn [ Mindell, 2011], ayTeH-
    THHHoe ABHKeHHe [Adfer, 1999; Whitehouse, 1999 ], BHyTpeHHnn SHepre -
    THKa [.Pierrakos, 1990 ], (J) opMaTHBHan ncHxojionm [ Keleman , 1987 ], ABH -
    raTejibHbm IJHKJI [ Caldwell, 1996, 1997 ], nepeacHBamie TejiecHoro onbiTa

    [ Levine , 1997, 2010 ] H ceHcoMOTopHan ncHxoTepanHH [ Ogden et al., 2006].


    KpoMe Toro, o6 jiacTb TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHoii ncHxoTepanHH B 3Ha-
    HHTeJIbHOH CTeneHH 3aBHCHT OT Hefipo6HOJIOrHHeCKHX HCCJieAOBaHHH , KOTO -
    pbie npeAOCTaBHJiH fiecijeHHyio HH opMaunio o TOM , icaic TpaBMaTHnecKHe
    ^
    co6biTHH BJIH5HOT Ha Heflpo4)H3HOJiorHK) M03ra H Tejia. IIo npaBAe TOBOpH ,
    TejiecHO-opneHTHpOBaHHaH ncHxojiorHH AO CHX nop cnmajiacb 6 bi HeTpa -

    AHIJHOHHOH , ecjiH 6 bi He cjie yiomHe KjnoneBbie aBTopbi, HBH HCCJieAOBaHHH


    ^
    H KHHTH nOMOTJIH npHAaTb AOCTOBepHOCTb pOJIH B HCLjeJieHHH pa3yMa.
    Tejia

    Hx ocHOBonojiaraiomHe HCCJieAOBaHHH OKa3ajiH BjiHHHHe Ha Harne Mbim -


    jieHHe H Ha 3Ty KHHry. HccjieAOBaHHe nyBCTBeHHoro BoenpHHTHH AjiaHa

    Oorejm [ Fogel , 2009 ] noMorjio HaM oco3HaTb BHyTpeHHioio ueHHOCTb


    TejiecHofi oco3HaHHOCTH. TOHHO TaK ^ce THnoTe3a o coMaTHnecKHx Map-
    Kepax AHTOHHO JXaMacno [ Damasio, 1994, 1999] onpeAejinjia oco3HaHHe
    Tejia KaK J
    ( ) yHKUHio . HccjieAOBaHHe AjiaHOM
    3ApaBoro npHHHTHH pemeHHH
    HIopoM [ Schore , 1994, 1996, 2012] Me^cjiHHHOCTHbix OCHOB caMoperyjra -
    UHH yCHJIHJIO Hame BHHMaHHe K UeHHOCTH HaCTpOHKH Ha TOHKHe CHraaJIbl
    B Tejie. IlojiHBarajibHaH Teopnn CTHBeHa IlopA ceca [ Forges , 1995, 2007 ,
    ^
    2011] AaeT cymecTBeHHoe npeAcraBjieHHe o ncHxo6HOJiorHHecKHx peaK -
    AHHX Ha CTpecc H ncHxojiorHHecKyio TpaBMy. KpoMe Toro, (J)opMyjiHpoBKa
    /laHHSJieM CHrejiOM [ Siegel, 1999] KOHijenijHH oKHa TOJiepaHTHocTH eme
    6ojibme ycHjiHjio pojib peryjnrropHoro (])OKyca BO BpeMH BoccraHOBjieHHH
    nocjie ncHxojiorHnecKOH TpaBMbi. HaKOHeij, KHHra Beccejin BaH %ep Kojixa

    [ van derKolk , 2015] The Body Keeps the Score ( Tejio IIOMHUT Bee ) OKa3ajiacb
    HCKJHOHHTeJIbHO nOJie3HOH RJIH.OC03HaHHH IjeHHOCTH KaK HHCXOAHUjerO,
    TaK H BocxoAnmero peacHMa nepepa6oTKH B BoccTaHOBjieHHH nocjie ncnxo-
    JIOrHHeCKOH TpaBMbi.
    C caMoro EMDR -TepanHH [ Shapiro , 2018] npeACTaBjnuia co-
    Hanajia

    6OH HHTerpauHio pa3JiHHHbix ncHxoTepaneBTHnecKHx noAxoAOB, BKJHOHan


    22 npeAHCJioBHe

    ncHxoflHHaMH ^ ecKyio, -
    KorHHTHBHO noBe eHnecKyio,
    H TejiecHo -opneHTHpoBaHHyio ncHxoTepannio.
    ^ KaK H BCH
    SMirnpHnecKyio
    ncHxojiorHH ,
    EMDR -Tepannn npo/ jojDKaeT pac , pacumpHTbcn H HHTerpHpoBaTb
    MHO cecTBO npHJio ceHHH. Mbi TaioKe XOTCJIH 6 bi OTMeTHTb cjie yiomHx
    ^ ^ ^
    jiH epoB B o6 jiacTH EMDR -TepanHH , KOTopbie OKa3ajm BJIHHHHC Ha Harne
    ^
    MbiuiJieHHe H Ha 3Ty KHHry. HanpHMep, HHTerpaijHH TeopHH crpyKTyp-
    HOH zmccoimauHH ZEKHMa Hanna [ Knipe, 2015; derHart, Nijenhuis, &
    Steele, 2006] #ejiaeT aiojeHT Ha TmaTejibHOM HaijejiHBaHHH Ha TpaBMaTH-
    HeCKHe BOCnOMHHaHHH KJIHeHTOB C KOMnJieKCHbIM nOCTTpaBMaTHHeCKHM
    CTpeccoBbiM paccTpoftcTBOM. Pa6oTbi Kapoji Ooprarn H MaprapeT KonjiH
    [ Forgash & Copeley , 2008], Onjinna MaHC(})Hjma [ Mansfield, 2010], Jlopeji
    IlapHejiJi [ Parnell, 2013], AHBI IoMec Gomez, 2012] H PO6HH IIIanHpo
    [ Shapiro , 2016] cocpe OToneHbi Ha HHTerpaijHH pa6oTbi c aro-cocTonHH-
    ^
    HMH H nacTHMH Tejia npH nepepa6oTKe TpaBMbi npHBH3aHH0CTH. ZJ KoaH
    ^
    TBOM6JIH [ Twombly, 2000] HHTerpHpyeT BHyTpeHHioK) ceMeHHyio CHCTeM-
    Hyio Tepannio [ Schwartz, 1997] , HTO6BI ycHjiHTb BHyipeHHee crpeMjie-
    HHe KJineHTOB K 3AopoBbio. Zina 3TOH KHHra Ba )KHa HHTerpaijHH EMDR -
    TepanHH H TejiecHO -opneHTHpoBaHHOH
    ncHxoTepanHH , npe/yio eHHan
    ^
    yjibpnxoM JIaHHycoM H IlayjiceH [ Lanius & Paulsen, 2014 ] , KO-
    CaH poH
    ^
    Topbie ejiaiOT aKijeHT Ha TejiecHOH oco3HaHHOCTH RJIHCHTOB , pa6oTe c rpa-
    ^
    HHIjaMH , COMaTHHeCKHX pecypcax, OC03HaHHOCTH /HblXaHHH , COMaTHHeCKHX

    nepenjieTeHHHX jxjm 3acTpnBuiHx nponeccoB H POJIH BHJKCHHH AJIH ncnxo-


    jiorHHecKOH pa3pn KH npn nepepa6oTKe BMonnoHajibHOH TpaBMbi.
    ^
    ^
    HErO 05KMMTb OT 3TOft KHPirH
    3Ta KHHra HanncaHa Rjm EMDR -
    TepaneBTOB , HTO6M yzjoBjieTBO -
    pHTb pacTymHH cnpoc Ha HHTerpaijHio BMemaTejibCTB TejiecHo -opHeH -
    THpoBaHHOH ncHxoTepanHH B BOCbMHSTanHyio MO jieneHHH . Mbi
    HaMepeHbi pacninpHTb cymecTByiomne no xo bi ,
    ^
    ejib

    npe/jocTaBHB
    ^ ^ncHxoTepanHH B KanecTBe
    EMDR-TepanHH H TejiecHO - opHeHTHpOBaHHOH
    CHHTe3

    ^CH3HeHHO Ba^CHoro ncHXOTepaneBTHnecKoro nozuxo^a, KOTopbiH MaKCHMH -


    3npyeT Harne TeKymee noHHMaHHe JieneHHH TpaBM . Mbi
    ncHxojiorHnecKHX

    o6 be ziiHHHjiH npaKTHnecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa ZJJIH yjiyHineHHn TejiecHOH


    '
    /

    oco3HaHHOCTH npn jieneHHH TpaBM H pacniHpeHHbie npoTOKOJibi cneHapn -


    eB Rjm nocTaHOBKH ijejieft . Mbi HCKpeHHe Ha eeMcn , HTO HHTaTejin CTaHyT
    ^
    jiynrne noHHMaTb , KaK noBbiCHTb co6cTBeHHyio TejiecHyio oco3HaHHOCTb BO
    npeflHCJiOBue 23

    BpeMH pa6oTbi c KAHeHTaMH. HMen roTOBbie npoTOKOJibi, MM peicoMeimyeM


    ncHxoTepaneBTaM npeAAOACHTb CBOHM KJineHTaM noAKAiOHHTbCA K CBoeMy
    Tejiy BO BpeMH nepepa6oTKH ncHxoAorHHecicoH TpaBMbi nocpe CTBOM ceH -
    COpHOH 0C03HaHH0CTH H ABHACeHHA.
    ^
    KHHra HanHHaeTCH c iimpoicoro oScyacAeHHA HaynHbix OCHOB H Teo-
    pHii, cBH3aHHbix c AeneHHeM ncuxojiorHHecKHx TpaBM, a 3aieM nepexo-
    AHT K npaKTHHecKHM BMeiiiaTejibCTBaM , KacaioiuHMCH ninpoKoro Kpyra
    KOHKpeTHbix TeM H rpynn HacejieHHH .B rjiaBe 1 npeACTaBjieHa icpaTKan
    HCTopHH EMDR -TepanHH H -
    TeAecHO opneHTHpoBaHHOH ncnxoTepanHH ,
    a Taioice paccMOTpeHbi ocHOBHbie KOMnoHeHTbi KaacAoro ncHxoTepaneB-
    THnecKoronoAxoAa. DiaBa 2 HCCJieAyeT TejiecHyio oco3HaHHocTb nocpeA-
    CTBOM o6cy}KAeHHH TeKyiAHX HCCJieAOBaHHH HeiipO(J)H3HOJIOrHHeCKHX
    OCHOB CTpeCCa , nCHXOAOTHHeCKOH TpaBMbi , 3MOIJHH H BOCnOMHHaHHH.
    B rjiaBe 3 MH npeAJiaraeM CHHTC3 TejiecHO-opHeHTHpOBaHHoii ncnxoTe-
    panHH H EMDR -TepanHH , peajiH30BaHHbiH c noMombio ceMH npHHijHnoB
    EMDR -TepanHH H -opHeHTHpoBaHHOH ncnxoTepanHH RJIK Jie-
    TejiecHO

    neHHfl TpaBM. TjiaBa 4 npeACTaBJineT CO6OH HcnepnbiBaiomyio noA6opKy


    , HanpaBjieHHbix Ha yjiynineHHe TejiecHOH oco3HaHHOCTH
    BMemaTejibCTB

    cnoMombio cueHapneB, KOTopbie MOACHO HHTerpnpOBaTb B BOceMb 3TanoB


    EMDR -TepanHH. 3TH BMemaTejibCTBa 0Ka3biBai0T noAAepAcicy ncnxoTe-
    paneBTaM H KAHeHTaM , KOTopbie XOTATpa3BHTb TejiecHyio 0C03HaHH0CTb
    nocpeACTBOM aMnnpHnecKHx HCCAeAOBaHHH , BKAJonaiomHX BHHMaTeAb-
    HOCTb K OmymeHHHM , ABHraTeJIbHbIM HMnyAbCaM , ABIXaHHK) H rpaHHIiaM.
    B rjiaBe 5 EMDR -TepanHH H TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHan ncnxoTepanHH
    npHMeHniOTCH K KOMnAeKCHOMy nocTTpaBMaTHnecKOMy CTpeccoBOMy
    paccTpoftcTBy H TpaBMe npHBH3aHHoc , 3aTparHBan TaKHe TeMbi, KaK
    pa6oTa c AOBep6ajibHbiMH BocnoMHHaHHHMH, onpeAeAeHHe aro-cocTon -
    HHH C nOMOIAbK) TeAeCHOH 0C03HaHH0CTH H peryAHAHH AHCCOUiHail HH BO .
    BpeMn nepepa6oTKH ncHxoAorHHecicoH TpaBMbi. B rjiaBe 6 npeA
    ^araeMbifi
    HHTerpaTHBHbiH noAxoA npHMeHneTcn RJIK JIENEHHH xpoHHnecKOH 6OJIH
    H 6oAe3Heii c noMombio BMemaTejibCTB, HaueAeHHbix Ha TpaBMaTHnecKne
    KOMnoHeHTbi HenpHHTHblX COMaTHHeCKHX CHMnTOMOB. DiaBa 7 nOCBH-
    meHa HCCAeAOBaHHio B3anMOACHCTBHn MeacAy oco3HaHHOCTbio
    TejiecHOH

    H MyAbTHKyAbTypHbiMH acneKTaMH npHMeHHTejibHO K EMDR -TepanHH.


    B paMKax ncHxoTepaneBTHnecKoro o6MeHa TeAecHan oco3HaHHOCTb npeA-
    CTaBAneT CO6OH opneHTHpOBaHHoe Ha HacTonmee (JiopMnpoBaHne OTHOine-
    HHH, ocHOBaHHoe Ha KyAbTypHbix HCTopHHx ncHxoTepaneBTa H KAHeHTa.
    24 IIpe
    ^HCJiOBHe
    TaKHM o6pa30M, KyjibTypHbiH KomeKCT nrpaeT ijeHTpajibHyio pojib B STOM
    HHTerpaTHBHOM nojxxoae K JieHeHHio ncHxojioraHecKHX TpaBM. HaKOHeu;,
    nocKOJibKy EMDR -TepaneBTbi , jienamHe nocTTpaBMaTHHecKoe CTpeccoBoe
    paccTpoftcTBO, no Bep^ceHbi BbicoicoMy pncicy BHicapHOH TpaBMw , B rjiaBe 8
    ^
    npe jiaraeTCH uojxejih TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHOH caMonoMomn AJIH npe-
    ^ BMOijHOHajibHoro BbiropaHHH.
    ^OTBpameHHH ycTajiocTH OT cocTpaflaHHH H
    IIPHMEMAHHE O KJIHHMHECKHX CJIYMAHX
    B J
    ijejrax 3amHTbi KOH ( ) H,aeHE[HajibHOCTH KJiweHTOB HX HCTopHH , upejx -
    CTaBJieHHbie B STOH KHHre, npeflCTaBjraiOT CO OH coBOKynHocTb 6 HCTOPHH
    HeCKOJIbKHX Jlioaeii, KOTOpbIX ApHSJIb H Bap6 JieHHJIH Ha npOTH CeHHH
    ^
    6 biJiH H3MeHeHbi RJIK 3a-
    MHorax
    mHTbi KOH (
    J)
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    HAeHUHajibHOCTH H ^ HKaijHOHHbie

    aHOHHMHOCTH jiio
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    CnHCOK BMEIHATEJIbCTB
    HoMep Ha3BaHHe Riatsa
    1 IlOBblineHHe TeJieCHOH 0C03HaHH0CTH 4
    2 0C03HaHHe O 6 jIH30CTH 4
    3 KoHTeftHHpoBaHHe coMaTHnecKoro flHCTpecca 4
    4 CeHCOpHblH HHCTpyMeHTapHH 4
    5 CeHCOpHaH 0C03HaHH0CTb 4
    6 3a3eMJieHHe Ha Horn H ciyriHH 4
    7 3a3eMJieHHe c noMombio rpaBHTapHH 4
    8 YcnoKaHBaKjmee /j, bixaHne 4
    9 3HCPI:HLIHOC HbixaHHe 4
    10 Oco3HaHHe rpaHHU, c noMombio JieHTbi 4
    11 MeHTaJIbHbffl (J) HJIbM 06 0C03HaHHH rpaHHHbl 4
    12 TojiepaHTHOCTb K a( jKj)eKTaM H omymeHHHM 4
    13 IlepeKjnoHeHHe Mencay COCTOHHHCM ancTpecca 4
    H pecypCHbIM COCTOHHHeM

    14 IlOCTypajIbHaH 0C03HaHH0CTb 4
    15 KapTHpoBaHHe Tejia 4
    16 PaCCKa3 HCTOpHH 6e3 CJIOB 4
    17 IlpHBblHHaH peaKUHH Ha CTpeCC 4
    18 IlocjieflOBaTe bHoe BbicBo6oxcfleHne H coMaTHHecKHH 4
    ^
    penaTTepHHHr BO BpeMH n,eceHCH6H.JiH3aHHH
    19 CoMaTHnecKHe nepenjieTeHHji AJIH nepepa6oTKH 4
    3acTpeBaHHH
    20 IlepeKJiiOHeHHe Mexmy BHyTpeHHHM H BHCIHHHM 4
    0C03HaHHeM
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    HHCTaJIHHIIHH
    22 CoMaTHHecKHH uia6 jioH 6yaymero noBe 4
    23 PejIHU,HOHHaH HaCTpOHKa Ha CTblfl
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    24 06ecneneHHe nyBCTBa 6e3onacHOCTH B Tejie 5
    25 06ecneneHHe pejiHHHOHHbix pecypcoB 5
    26 HHCTajunmnn pecypcoB zuifl nacTH JIHHHOCTH 5
    C nOMOmblO KOMaHflbl C0 IO3HHKOB
    27 IlepenjieTeHHH AJIH ncHxo6HOJiorHHecKOH peryjraiiHH 5
    28 IlepenjieTeHHH /IJIH BOCCTaHOBJieHHH npHBH3aHHOCTH 5
    29 Be3onacHoe MecTO AJIH nac JIHHHOCTH 5
    30 3OJIOTOH caMopofloic 5
    31 IlpeBpameHHe aeTCKOH nacTH JIHHHOCTH BO B3pocjiyio 5
    JIHHHOCTb

    32 MeHTaJIbHbffl (JlHJIbM O CaMOnOMOmH 6


    33 MeHTajIbHblH JlHJIbM 0 CnOKOHHOM CHe
    ( 6
    34 Ilo3a ropbi 6
    35 Cn /yimaH KoniKa/ KopoBa 6
    36 BajiaHcnpoBaHHe 6
    37 Ilo3a pe6eHKa 6
    38 CaMOCOCTpaziaHHe 6
    39 Bjiaro/iapHOCTb 6
    40 CocpeaoTOHeHHe Ha 6OJIH 6
    41 IlepeK^IOHeHHe MOKZiy ZIHCTpeCCOM H n 03HTHBHbIMH 6
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    42 CaMonpHHHTHe 6
    43 HHCTajuiHpHH pecypcoB zyifl npnjiHBa CHJI 7
    44 KYJIBTYPHBIE C0I03HHKH H 3amHTHHKH 7
    45: MeHTaJIbHblH (JlHJIbM O npHJIHBe CHJI 7
    46 HappaTHBHbiH nozixozi K noncicy pecypcoB H pejien 7
    47 IlepeKJiioHeHHe c noMonibio pecypca, Bbi3biBaiomero 7
    npHJIHB CHJI
    HACTb 1

    OcHoSntde fiOKU,enu,uu
    rjIABA 1
    &
    FJfCexecnasi oco3HaHHOcm.b npu
    nepepaSom/ie ncuxoxozmec/iux mpa$M

    f Jj yjibTypHbie HopMbi npnyHHAH Hac noAaBAATb ecTecTBeHHbie ABH-


    L raTejibHbie HMnyjibCbi . MHorae
    Tejia H3 Hac HaynmiHCb CHAeTb
    CnOKOHHO, HTo bI 6 6bITb BeACAHBbIMH AOMa HAH BHHMaTCAbHblMH B HIKOAe.
    XOTA 0C03HaHH0e pa3MbIIHAeHHe B THIHHHe npHHOCHT nOAb3y, CAHHIKOM
    AOAroe npe6bmaHHe B HenoABHACHOM COCTOAHHH MOAceT npHBecTH K HTHO-
    pHpoBaHHio HAH noAaBAeHHio TeAecHbix CHrHaAOB, HTO MOACCT noMemaTb
    ycneniHOMy jienemuo ncHXOAorHHecKOH TpaBMbi. IlpH3HaHHe npHHiiiHnoB
    -
    TeAecHO opneHTHpoBaHHOH ncHxoTepanHH noMorAO ncHxoTepaneBTaM
    6
    H KAHeHTaM nOHATb BAHAHHe TpaBMHpyiOIAHX Co bITHH Ha TCAO . IOBOpAT,
    HTO TeAO “ noACHHTbiBaeT TpaBMbi” [ van der Kolk , 2015]H “ HeceT 6 peMA
    TpaBMbi ”[ Scaer, 2014 ]. B pe3yAbTaTe ncHxoTepaneBTHnecKoe coo6 mecTBO
    Bee 6oAbme oco3HaeT, HTO CTpeccoBbie H TpaBMHpyiomHe COSMTHA Heo6-
    XOAHMO nepepa6aTbiBaTb c noMombio TeAecHOH oco3HaHHOCTH , ABHACCHHA
    H AbixaHHA [ Fogel , 2009; Levine , 2010; Ogden et al., 2006]. B paMKax ncn -
    XOTepanHH KAHeHTbl HaCTO OCTaiOTCA OTAeAeHHbIMH OT TeAa , eCAH TOAbKO
    ncHXOTepaneBT He o6AaAaeT noAroTOBKoii H HaBbiKaMH AAA HHTerpaijHH
    TeAeCHOH OC03HaHHOCTH H ABHACeHHA B XOAe AeHeHHA. ECAH TeAO HCKAK)-
    neHO H3 TepaneBTHnecKoro ypaBHeHHA , 6 HOAOTHHecKHe 3(J)(})eKTbi ncnxo-
    AOTHHeCKOH TpaBMbi MOiyT COXpaHATbCA H MeHiaTb ycneiHHblM pe3yAbTa -
    TaM AeneHHA . ® H3HHecKne omymeHHA o6ecneHHBaiOT CHAbHyio ofipaTHyio
    CBA3b, CBHAeTeAbCTByA O BAHAHHH TpaBMHpyiOIAHX Co6 bITHH. OHH TaKACe
    coo6 ni;aiOT HaM , KorAa 3TH co6biTHA 6oAbme He HMCIOT HaA HAMH BAacTH.
    BMemaTeAbCTBa , KOTopbie yAynmaiOT TeAecHyio 0C 03HaHH0CTb, BBIBOAHT
    TEPANEBTHHECKHH onbiT 3a npeAeAbi CAOBecHoro BAHAHHA Ha KAHeHTa.
    IIcHxoTepaneBT noMoraeT KAHeHTy cocpeAOTOHHTbCA Ha pa3BopanHBaHHH
    HCTOpHH , XpaHAIAHXCA B TeAe H 3aCTbIBIHHX BO BpeMeHH.
    H EMDR -TepanHA, H TeAecHO-opneHTHpoBaHHaA ncHxoTepanHA npn -
    3HaiOT, HTO , KOTAa KAHeHTbl nOBbIHiaiOT CBOK) TepnHMOCTb K 6ecnoKOAmHM
    30 HacTb 1 OcHOBHbie KOHuenijHH

    omymeHH5iM H SMOIJHHM , OHH o/ jHOBpeMeHHO yMeHbmaiOT


    3aHHbIH C TpaBMaTHHeCKHMH BOCnOMHHaHHHMH , H nOBbllliaiOT CBOK) CnO
    ^HCTpecc, CBH--
    co6HOCTb a 4) (J)eKTHBHO pearapoBaTb Ha CBOH noTpe6Hoc . Mbi CHHTaeM ,
    HTO ncHxoTepaneBTbi, odyneHHbie KOM6HHHpoBaHHOMy Hcnojib30 BaHHK)

    EMDR-TepannH H -opneHTHpoBaHHOH ncHxoTepanHH, odna/ jaiOT


    TejiecHO

    nepeZlOBbIMH HHCTpyMeHTaMH flJIH pa6oTbI C CHMIITOMaMH IlOCTTpaBMaTH -


    necKoro CTpeccoBoro paccTponcTBa. Ilpe
    ^fle Bcero, TejiecHan oco3HaHHocTb
    Tpe6yeT cnennajibHOH no/ jroTOBKH KaK co CTopoHbi ncHXOTepaneBTOB, Tax
    H co CTopoHbi KjmeHTOB. CodcTBeHHan TejiecHan 0C03HaHH0CTb ncHXOTe -
    paneBTOB n 03B0JIHeT HM HCn0JIb30BaTb TOHKHe H3MeHeHHH B CBOHX omy-
    meHHnx B KanecTBe TOHKH oTcneTa, Korapan npe ocTaBJineT HH J opMaijHK
    o nepe^HBaHHnx KJiHeHTa HJIH noTeHijHajibHOM
    ^KOHTpnepeHoce ()

    . IIo Mepe
    )

    TOTO, KaK ncHxoTepaneBTbi noBbimaioT co6cTBeHHyio TejiecHyio oco3HaH -


    HOCTb , OHH TaK ce o6ecnenHBaiOT Mo ejrapoBaHHe TejiecHOH oco3HaHHOCTH
    ^ ^
    Rjm KJineHTOB. KpoMe TOTO, TejiecHO-opneHTHpOBaHHbie ncnxoTepaneB-
    TBI co3 ji3K>T cpe/ jy, KOTopan noMoraeT KJineHTaM 6e3onacHO pa3BHBaTb
    TejiecHyio oco3HaHHOCTb. B OTOH rjiaBe npe CTaBjieHa Kparaan HCTOPHH
    ^
    EMDR -TEPANHH H TejiecHO-opHeHTHpOBaHHOH ncnxoTepanHH, a TaK)Ke
    paccMOTpeHbi ocHOBHbie KOMnoHeHTbi Ka5K,zjoro TepaneBTHnecKoro MeTO a.
    ^
    EMDR-TEPAITHH
    Tepannn AeceHCH6HjiH3aH;HH H nepepa6oTKH ziBH^ceHHHMH rjia3
    —
    ( EMDR eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) [ Shapiro, 2013,
    2018] npe CTaBjineT CO6OH KOMnjieKCHbiH nojxxojx K ncnxoTepanHH, pa3pa-
    ^
    OoTaHHbiH / joKTopoM OpsHCHH IIIanHpo B 1987 vojxy. IIIanHpo OTKpbijia
    EMDR -Tepanmo coBepmeHHO cjiynaHHO, 3aMeTHB, HTO ee rjia3a HanHHajm
    Z BHraTbCH H3 CTOpOHbl B CTOpOHy, KOYJX 3. OK3. RyMZJia. 0 HeM - TO HenpHHT-
    ^
    HOM , H B pe3yjibTaTe decnoKOHCTBO Hcne3ajio. Co BpeMeHeM OHa pa3pa6o-
    Tajia BOCbMHSTanHyK) MO ejib jieneHHH ncHxojiorHnecKHx TpaBM , KOTopan
    ^
    noMoraeT KJineHTaM nepepadaTbmaTb TpaBMaTnnecKHe nepeacHBaHHH , CBH -
    3aHHbie c HHMH CHMnTOMbi H 6ojie3HeHHbie CTpaTerHH coBjiaziiaHHn . EMDR -
    Tepannn npe Ha3HaneHa /yin jieneHHn nocrrpaBMaTHnecKoro CTpeccoBoro
    ^
    paccTponcTBa, noMoran KJineHTaM nepepadaTbmaTb TpeBO CHbie BOcnoMH -
    ^
    HaHHH nOCpeACTBOM eceHCH6HJIH3aUHH CBH3aHHbIX C HHMH o6pa30B, Mbic-
    ^
    Jieft , nyBCTB H (J) H3HnecKHx omymeHHH. 3TOT nponecc ocHOBaH Ha JJBOH -
    HOM BHHMaHHH , HHane roBopn , KJiHeHTa npocnT oco3HaBaTb nepejKHBaHHn
    DiaBa 1 TejiecHan oco3HaHHOCTb npH nepepa6oTKe ncuxojioniHecKHx TpaBM 31

    HacTonmero MOMeHTa, oaHOBpeivieHHO odpamancb K BocnoMHHaHHHM ,


    CBH3aHHbIM C TpaBMHpyiOlUHM Co bITHeM 6 . ,HeceHCH6HJIH3ai];HH TpaBMa -
    THHeCKHX Co6 bITHH HCnOJIb3yeT ZUByCTOpOHHIOK ) CTHMyjIHIJHK) aBOHHOTO
    BHHMaHHH , KOTOpyiO Ha npOTHXCeHHH BCeH KHHrH MbI 6yaeM Ha3bIBaTb npo-
    ueaypoir BLS/ DAS. B a66peBnaType BLS/ DAS nepBan nacTb 03HanaeT
    ABycTopoHHioio CTHMyjiHUHio ( BLS —
    bilateral stimulation ) , a BTopan —
    CTHMyjinuHio ABOHHoro BHHMaHHH ( DAS —
    dual attention stimulation ).
    Mbi Hcnojib3yeM 06a TepMHHa oaHOBpeMeHHO, noTOMy HTO B jnrrepaType
    no EMDR -TepanHH OHM B3aHM03aMeHneMbi.
    /],ByCTOpOHHIOIO CTHMyjIHIJHK) aBOHHOTO BHHMaHHH M05KH0 OCyiU,eCT-
    BJIHTb C nOMOLUbK) aBH )KeHHH TJia3, HMnyjIbCOB, 3ByKOBbIX CHrHaJIOB HJIH
    nocTyKHBaHHH, KOTopbie nepeayiOTcn Me}Kay JICBOH H npaBoii CTopoHOH
    Tena. EMDR -TepaneBTbi noMoraiOT KjiHeHTaM onpeaejiHTb uejib, 3acraB-
    J
    JIHH HX H eHTH ( ) HUHpOBaTb KOMnOHeHTbl , CBH3aHHbie
    ^ KOTopbie c TpaBMHpyiomHM
    codbiTHeM, BKJHonaioT B ce6n Hanxyainyio KapTHHy HJIH o6 pa3,
    HeraTHBHyio KOFHHUHIO, SMOUHH H } ( ) H3HHecKHe omymeHHn. JXJIH . onpe-
    / jejieHHH ypoBHH ancTpecca, KOTopbiii HcnbiTbiBaeT KJineHT, Hcno;ib3yeT -
    cn mKana cyd'beKTHBHbix ( SUDS
    eaHHHij aHCTpecca —
    subjective units
    of distress) OT Hyjin ao AECHTH , rae Hyjib 03HanaeT HefiTpajibHoe COCTO-
    HHne HJIH OTcyTCTBHe ancTpecca, a aecHTb — caMbiii CHjibHbiii aHcrpecc.
    KpoMe Toro, EMDR -Tepannn Hcnojib3yeT TpexKOMnoHeHTHbiii npoTOKOJi,
    KOTopbiii KacaeTcn jiiodbix npomjibix HHUHaeHTOB, npHBeauiHx K Teicy -
    meMy paccTpoHCTBy, HbmemHHX odcTOHTejibCTB, Bbi3biBaioiuHx ancTpecc,
    H 6ya.ymHx CO6 BITHH , KOTopbie noipebyiOT HOBBIX HaBbiKOB H OTHOineHHH.
    TpexKOMnoHeHTHbiH npoTOKOJi noMoraeT 3aicpenHTb HOByio no3HTHBHyio
    KorHHUHio H CBH3aHHbie c Heir| ( ) H3HnecKHe omymeHHn B npomjibix, HacTO -

    muHx H 6yayiUHx CHTyaunnx. Ilpn oueHKe CHJIBI no3HTHBHOH KOTHHUHH


    EMDR -TepaneBTbi Hcnojib3yiOT mKany aocTOBepHOCTH KOTHHUHH ( VOC
    validity of cognition ), no KOTopon RJIHCHTBI oueHHBaiOT CHJiy CBoero no3H -
    THBHoro y6e>EcaeHHfl OT eaHHHUbi ao ceMH , rae eaHHHua 03HanaeT abcoaiOT -
    Hyio jioiKb , a ceMb abcojnoTHyio HCTHHy.
    ~

    IIIanHpo obHapy^KHaa , HTO nocne 3aBepmeHHn aeceHCH6HJiH3auHH


    KaneHTbi cooSmajin He TOJIBKO O HeiiTpajibHOM OTHomeHHH K npeaMe -
    Ty CBoero 6ecnoKOHCTBa , HO H O nonoaoiTejibHOM pe3yjibraTe, BKjnonan
    HOBbie naen H nyBCTBO , HTO npobaeMa pemeHa. OHa npHMeHHJia MoaeJib
    aaanTHBHOH nepepaboTKH HH (})opMauHH, KOTopan onpeaeaneTcn KaK
    npHcyiuan M 03ry cnocodHOCTb HHTerpnpoBaTb TpaBMHpyioiune codbiTHH
    32 HacTb 1 G? OcHOBHbie KOHijermnn

    npn ocTaTOHHoft nozmep^KKe [ Shapiro, 2013, 2018 ]. HanpHMep, KJineHT-


    ^
    Ka , KOTopan no Beprjiacb H3HacHjiOBaHHio , MoaceT HMeTb BHyTpeHHue
    ^
    yde^KAeHHH o ce6e , TaKHe KaK “ n B onacHOCTH ”. Kor,n;a OHa nepepadaTbi -
    BaeT 3TO co6 biTHe c noMombio EMDR -TepanHH, OHa HanHHaeT pa6oTaTb
    C 60JIbI0 TpaBMaTHHeCKOrO Co6bITHH, npH3HaBaH , HTO BCe 3aKOHHHJIOCb
    H HTO Tenepb OHa B 6e3onacHoc . B pe3yjibTaTe KjmeHTKa MO KCT HHTC -
    ^
    rpwpoBaTb TOHHbie y6 eyKjxemw o ce6e H HaxoAHT odjiemeHHe H pa3peme-
    HHe npo6 jieMbi K KOHijy jieneHHn.
    EMDR-TepanHH —
    UeCKHX TpaBM , nOCTpoeHHaH
    3TO BOCbMHSTanHan Mojxejib
    AJIH pa60TbI
    jieneHHH ncHxojiorn

    C COOTBeTCTByiOmHMH Bocno
    -
    -
    y6e>KAeHH5IMH
    MHHaHHHMH , 3MOIJHHMH , H J
    ( ) H3HHeCKHMH OIIjymeHHHMH.
    PaccMOTpHM HX noApoOHee.
    • 3Tan 1, c6op aHaMHe3a. IJejibio 3Toro HanajibHoro 3Tana HBjineTcn

    c6op ncHxoTepaneBTOM noApodHOH HCTOPHH £CH3HH miHeHTa, BKJIIO-


    nan Kax no3HTHBHbie HJIH noAAepacHBaiomHe )KH3HeHHbie codbiTHH,
    TaK H TpaBMHpyiomHe HJIH cjio cHbie nepe KHBaHHH. 3TOT 3Tan no3BO-
    ^ ^
    jmeT KJineHTaM onpe ejiHTb , HTO HMCHHO B HX >KH3HH Bbi3biBaeT y HHX
    ^
    CTpecc, a ncHxoTepaneBTbi Hcnojib3yiOT 3Ty HH opMaijHio JXJIH. nocra-
    HOBKH uejieft jieneHHH. ^
    • 3ian 2, noAroTOBKa. Ha 3Tane noAroTOBKH ncHxoTepaneBTbi noMO-
    raiOT KJineHTaM Haft pecypcbi, KOTopbie no3BOJiHT HM CTOJiKHyTb -
    cn c TpyAHbiMH BOcnoMHHaHHHMH , He neperpyjKan ncHXHKy. 3TO
    AOCTHraeTCH c noMommo npoijeAypbi pa3pa6oTKH H HHCTajuraijHH
    —
    ( RDI resource development installation ), c noMombio
    pecypcoB
    KOTOpOH KJIHeHTbl pa3BHBaiOT BOo6pa2CeHHe H OmymeHHe CBH3H
    c nojiojKHTejibHbiMH COCTOHHHHMH Tejia H pa3yMa [ Shapiro, 2013,
    2018]. HanpHMep, KJineHTbi MoryT BH3yajiH3HpOBaTb Boodpa^ae-
    Moe HJIH peajibHoe MecTO, r e OHH nyBCTByiOT ce6n B 6e3onacHocTH,
    ^
    CnOKOHCTBHH H paCCJia6 jieHHOM COCTOflHHH. /IpyTHe TpaAHIIiHOHHbie
    npoireAypbi pa3pa6oTKH H HHCTajumAHH pecypcoB BKjnonaiOT cAep -

    ^CHBaHHe OT “3aTonjieHHn nyBCTBaMH ” , ycHJieHHe nojio^CHTejibHbix


    nyBCTB H nOHCK C0 I03HHK0 B, KOTOpbie AaiOT OmyiAOHHe 3amHTbI HJIH
    3a6oTbi.

    • 3ian 3, oijeHKa. 3Tan oijeHKH (JjOKycHpyeTcn Ha BbiHBJieHHH KOH -


    6
    KpeTHoro CHMnTOMa, CO BITHH HJIH BocnoMHHaHHn , KOTopbie He -
    O6XOAHMO nepepadoTaTb. OH BKJnonaeT B ce6n noMomn KJineHTy
    DiaBa 1 TejiecHan oco3HaHHOCTb npH nepepa6oTKe ncuxojioniHecKHX TpaBM 33

    B IIOHCKe nOBOpOTHOrO MOMeHTa, XOTOpblH HBJIHeTCH CaMbIM paHHHM


    BOCnOMHHaHHeM , CBH3aHHbIM C npeACTaBJieHHOH npo6 jieMOH. HTO-
    6 bi HaidTH noBopOTHbiH MOMeHT, ncHxoTepaneBT npoBOZjHT xjmeHTa
    nepe3 acJ)(J) eKTHBHbm MOCT, AJIH Toro HTo6 bi o6 Hapy>XHTb 6ojiee paH -
    HHe BOCnOMHHaHHH CBH3aHHbie c paccMaTpHBaeMOH npoSjieMoii.
    Ba }KHO OTMeTHTb, HTO BOCnOMHHaHHH , B03HHXai0 mHe B 3TOM npO -
    uecce, MoryT He 6biTb jiorHnecxH CBH3aHHbiMH c axTyajibHoid npo-
    6 jieMOH. IIoaTOMy ncHxoTepaneBTaM cjie yeT noompnTb KJiHeHTOB
    flOBepHTb CBOHM aCCOIJHaiJH.HM. KaX
    ^
    TOJIbKO nOBOpOTHblil MOMeHT
    onpe eiieH , ncHxoTepaneBT npoBojiHT xjineHTa nepe3 onpe ejieHHe
    ijejm
    ^. 3Ta npoueAypa COCTOHT B TOM , HTO6BI XJIHCHT ^
    onncaji COOT -
    BeTCTByiomyio Hanxy myio KapTHHy
    ^ /o6pa3, ccfiopMyjiHpoBaji Hera -
    THBHyiO H n 03HTHBHyi0 XOTHHIJHH , OIjeHHJI £OCTOBepHOCTb XOTHH -
    IJHH , Ha3Baji CBOH SMOIJHH , JX 3.JI omeHKy no mxajie SUDS H onncaji
    CBOH 4 M3HHecKHe omymeHHH.
    )

    • Sian 4, fleceHCH6 3au, . 3Tan AeceHCH6


    HjiH Hji HjiH3au;HH EMDR -Tepa-
    nHH BKJIKDHaeT HCn 0JIb30BaHHe £ ByCTOpOHHeH CTHMyjIHUHH BOHHOTO
    BHHMaHHH ( BLS/ DAS ), npn xoTopoii XJIHCHT no/mepacHBaeT oco3-
    ^
    HaHHe nepe cHBaHHH Hacronmero MOMeHTa , OAHOBpeMeHHO BOIOMH -
    ^
    Han TpaBMaTHnecKoe co6 bi e. IIpoijeAypa BLS/ DAS Hcnojib3yeTcn
    Ha 3TOM 3Tane B cjjopMe jiBycTopoHHHX BH ceHHH nia3, HMnyjibcoB
    ^ ^
    HJIH 3ByxoBbix CHTHajiOB , KOTopbie HepezjyKjTcn MeyKjxy JieBon H npa -
    BOH CTopoHoii Tejia. YpoBeHb TpeBomiocra oueHHBaeTcn no niKajie
    SUDS, a TpeBO^camHH MaTepnaji nepepa6aTbiBaeTcn /1,0 Tex nop, noxa
    XJIHeHT He COo6mHT 06 OTCyTCTBHH TpeBOTH.

    • 3Tan 5, HHCTajuiauHa. 3TOT 3Tan HanpaBJieH Ha ycnjieHHe no3HTHBHOH


    XOTHHI HH , xoTopan
    ^ .aocTynHOH
    CTajia ycneniHoro 3aBepmeHHH
    nocjie

    3Tana eceHCH6 3auHH. HanpHMep, xax TOJIBXO H36aBHTcn


    ^ njiH xjineHTbi

    OT onm6oHHoro npeAcraBjieHHH o TOM , HTO OHH He ftocroHHbi JIK 6BH , )

    OHM MoryT npHCTynHTb x Bbipa6oTxe H HHTerpaijHH HOBOH no3HTHB-


    HOH XOTHHUIHH , B COOTBeTCTBHH C XOTOpOH OHH 3aCJiy)XHBaiOT JIK)6BH.
    • 3ian 6, cxaHHpoBaHHe Tejia . Ha STOM 3Tane Tejio Henocpe CTBeHHO
    ^
    notfBepraeTcn EMDR-TepanHH, HTO6BI oueHHTb jno 6oe coxpaHniome-
    ecn Hanpn ceHHe HJIH mcjpecc H ycHJiHTb
    ^ nojiojKHTejibHbie omyme-
    HHH , xoTopbie MO ceT HcnbiTbmaTb
    xjineHT
    ^ nocjie 3aBepineHHn 3TanoB
    a,eceHCH6HjiH3an;HH H HHCTajijraijHH.
    34 HacTb 1 OcHOBHbie KOHiiermnn

    • 3ian 7 , 3aBepmeHHe, Heo6xoAHMoe AJIH ycneniHoro


    3aBepmeHHe .
    jieneHHH , — cnoco6 y6eAHTbCH, HTO KjmeHT HaxoflHTcn B 6e30 -
    OTO
    nacHOCTH , npeac/ je HeM OH noKHHeT ceccnio. ECJIH KJIHCHT coo6ma -
    eT o KaKOM - jm6o O6IHHPHOM TpaBMHpyiomeM MaTepnajie , KOTopbift
    He pa3pemHJiCH K KOHEty ceccHH, ncHXOTepaneBT noMoraeT KJineHTy
    KOHTeHHHpOBaTb TpeBO KHbie MbICJIH HJIH 3MOIJHH , HTo6 bI HX MOflCHO
    ^
    6bijio nepepa6oTaTb BO BpeMH cjie ceccHH. IlcHxoTepaneBT
    HHCTpyKTHpyeT KJineHTa, HTO
    ^yiomeH TpaBMaTHnecKHx
    nepepa6oTKa Bocno-
    MHHaHHH MO ceT
    ^ npo/tojuKaTbcn ueyKjiy CCCCHHMH H HTO KJiHeHTy,
    6
    BO3MOKHO, noTpe yeTCH nonpaKTHKOBaTbcn B Hcnojib30BaHHH pe-

    cypcoB. 3aBepmeHHe rapaHTHpyeT HTO nepezi TeM, KaK noKHHyTb cec-


    ,
    CHIO, KJIHeHT HyBCTByeT B ce6e ZJOCTaTOHHO CHJI.

    • 3ian 8, nepeoueHKa. IXejib nepeoijeHKH — no3BOJiHTb ncHXOTepa-


    neBTaM OIjeHHTb 3 } 4 eKTHBHOCTb JieHeHHH KJIHeHTOB, y6e HBHIHCb,
    HTO Bee npomjibie,
    () )
    ^
    HacTonmne H Synymne npo6 jieMbi 6BIJIH TnjaTejib-
    HO paccMOTpeHbi .
    EMDR -TepanHH B Hacranmee BpeMH npH3HaHa AOKa3aTejibHO 6
    O OCHO -
    BaHHOH H peKOMeHAOBaHa K npHMeHeHHio HecKOJibKHMH Me yHapoziHbi -
    MH opraHH3auHHMH no oxpaHe ncHXHnecKoro 3#opoBbH /ym
    ^ no- jieneHHH

    CTTpaBMaTHnecKoro CTpeccoBoro paCCTpOHCTBa [ Foa , Keane , Friedman &


    Cohen, 2009 ]. TpaAHijHOHHO EMDR-Tepanna npHMeHHJiacb jieneHHH
    ^JIH
    nocTTpaBMaTHnecKoro crpeccoBoro paccTpoflcTBa, Bbi3BaHHoro TpaBMupy -
    K) mHMH Co6 bITHHMH , TaKHMH KaK H3HaCHJIOBaHHe , aBT0M06HJIbHbie aBapHH
    6oeBbie JXEIICTBHH. CoBceM He/ jaBHO EMDR-TepanHH 6 buia a
    HJIH
    BaHa JXJ151 JieneHHH nrapoKoro cneKTpa flnarH030B H COCTOHHHH, BKJnonan
    ^anTHpo-
    KOMnjieKCHoe nocTTpaBMaTHnecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccrpoHCTBO, TpeBoacHbie
    paCCTpOHCTBa, paCCTpOHCTBa HaCTpOeHHH, XpOHHHeCKyiO 6oJIb H a/mHKIJHH.

    TEJIECHO- OPHEHTHPOBAHHAH ITCHXOTEPAnPIH


    3HaneHHe Tejia HcuejieHHH ymeBHbix paH HeocnopHMO. BOJIB-
    AJIH
    IIIHHCTBO MaCCa CHCTOB , TaHUOpOB
    ^HJIH JIIOAeH , 3aHHMaiOmHXCH HOrOH ,
    ^
    MoryT onncaTb MOMCHT, Kor a npeHMymecTBeHHO J H3HHecKoe omymeHHe
    ^
    CTaHOBHTCH nepe5KHBaHHeM 3M0ii; H0 0H rjiy6HHbi, npe-
    HajibH
    ( )

    HanojiHeHHOH

    o6pa3yiomeH CHJIOH H CMBICJIOM. TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHan ncHxoTepannn


    CTpeMHTCH nOHHTb 3TOT JieHOMeH,
    (
    J
    nepeBeCTH 3TOT TpaHC( )OpMai HOHHbIH
    ^
    DiaBa 1 JSP TejiecHan oco3HaHHocTb npn nepepa6oTKe ncuxojioniHecKHx TpaBM 35

    MOMeHT B CJIOBa H o6 jierHHTb nOBTOpHblH /J,OCTyn K BOCCTaHOBHTejIbHOH CHJie


    Tejia . B ninpoKOM CMbicjie TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHaa ncnxoTepanHA 3TO
    H3J^HeHHe B3aHMO,aeHCTBHH MeACAy M03r0M , pa3yMOM , TeJIOM H IIOBefteHHeM
    H Toro, KaK 3TH OTHOUieHHfl HenOCpe CTBeHHO BAHAIOT Ha nCHXOJIOrHHeCKOe
    ^
    H (J) H3HHecKoe 3AopoBbe. TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHaH ncHxoTepanHH KaK Ha -
    yKa oxBaTbmaeT IHHPOKHH cneKTp TejiecHbix ncHxoTepanHH , KOTopbie HMCIOT
    pa3BHBaiomyioc5i HCTopnio H KOHTeKCTyaAH3HpyiOT coBpeMeHHbie TepaneB-
    THHecKne noAxoAbi, TaKHe KaK nepeacHBaHHe TejiecHoro onbiTa [ Levine , 1997,
    2010] H ceHCOMOTopHan ncnxoTepanHA [ Ogden et al, 2006; Ogden & Fisher,
    2015], KOTopbie ceroAHA HaH6ojiee innpoKO H3BecTHbi.
    3HaHHTeJIbHOe BAHAHHe Ha HCTOpHIO TeJieCHO-OpHeHTHpOBaHHOH nCH -
    xoTepanHH OKa3aji BHjibrejibM Paiix B 1930-X H 1940 -X roAax [ Raknes ,
    2004]. Paftx 6biji KOJiJieroft OpeH a H HAXOAHACA noA BAHAHHCM ncnxo-
    ^
    aHajiHTHnecKOH TeopHH BjieneHHH. OH noHAA , HTO SHeprHA Hamen ACM -

    HeHHoii CHjibi TeneT nepe3 Tejio, BbipaacaA HaniH nepBHHHbie noTpe6HOCTH


    H 3MOUHH. Paiix TaK ce onpe ejinji “ narrepHbi yAepacaHHA ” KaK o6 jiacTH
    ^ ^
    3MOijHOHajibHoro HanpAAceHHA B Tejie , KOTopbie O6 BIHHO AOKaAH3yiOTCA
    B o6 jiac Ta3a , ACHBOTa , /una parMbi , rpyAH , men , nejiiocTH H Ji6a. OH CHH -
    ^
    Taji , HTO Hepa3pemeHHbie naTTepHbi HanpAAceHHA nepepacTaiOT B
    4> H3H -
    necKHe CHMnTOMbi , TaKHe KaK rojiOBHbie 6OJIH , CKpeAceTaHHe 3y6aMH HJIH
    BHJIOE nHmeBapeHHe. Paiix BMACHHA , ATO OCHOBOH STHX Mojxejiew. yAepAca -
    HHA 6biJiH HeyAOBjieTBopeHHbie noTpe6HocTH KjmeHTa Ha paHHeM 3Tane
    pa3BHTHH. Ero UOJXXOJX K BbICBo6oACAeHHK> CBH3aHHOH SHepTHH BKJIIOHaJI
    KaTapCHHeCKHH KpHK , nHHKH H TOJIHKH , n 03BOAAK> mHe OCBoSoAHTb TeJIO
    .
    OT 3MOU HH H J
    ( ) H3HHeCKOrO HanpAACeHHA.
    AjieKcaH,a,p JIoy3H [ Lowen , 1977], TecHo coTpyAHHnaBinHH c PafixoM ,
    pa 3BHBaji6H03HepreTHnecKHH noAxoA. Ero noAxoA K pa3peineHHio KOH-
    fxjiHKTa MeACAy TCJIOM H pa3yMOM BKjnonaji “ HTeHHe Tejia ” , B xoAe KOToporo
    (

    ncHxoTepaneBTbi Ha6 jnoAajiH H HHTepnpeTHpoBajiH MOAejm HanpAAceHHA


    KJiHeHTOB. OH Ha3Baji 3TH naTTepHbi “ cTpaTerHAMH xapaKTepa ” H CHHTaji ,
    HTO OHH CBH3aHbI C OCHOBHbIMH y6eACAeHHAMH , yCBOeHHbIMH B paHHeM A^T -
    CTBe. HanpHMep, npeACTaBbTe Majibiina ,KOTopbifl OTCTaHBaeT CBOIO He3aBH -
    CHMOCTB. OH jno6onbiTeH no HaType H JIIO6HT TecTHpoBaTb Bee H Bcex. TO
    npoHCxoAHT, KorAa eMy CTpaniHO , KorAa OH njianeT HAH 3AHTCA ? BO3MOACHO ,
    ^
    ero pyraiOT H uiAenaiOT, KorAa OH 3AHTCA , Kanpn3HHnaeT H ycTpaHBaeT 6ec-
    nopnAOK. MoAceT 6 biTb, ero XBAAAT 3a TO, HTO OH xoponiHH MaAbMHK , KorAa
    OH He ycTpaHBaeT 6ecnopAAOK. EMy HpaBATCA xoponme nyBCTBa , KOTopbie
    36 HacTb 1 OcHOBHbie KOHixeimHH

    OH HcnbiTbiBaeT, Kor BMecTe c HHM. CO BpeMe -


    ^oa6pamaTbCH
    HeM OH npozjojDicaeT
    MaMa H nana cnacTjiHBbi

    K HHM , HTO6BI y6e HTbCH, HTO Bee


    ^
    npaBHJIbHO, H yHHTCH C ep CHBaTb CBOH BHyTpeHHHe HMnyjIbCbl H HyBCTBa.
    ziejiaeT

    B zueTCKOM B03pacTe OH
    ^ ^
    B AHXOTOMHH ueyKRy CBOHM
    jxHBeT 06-
    jxejiaHHeM

    meHHH H HeBbipa KeHHbiM nyBCTBOM raeBa.


    ^ OH 6opeTCH c rjiy6oKo yxope-
    HHBHieHCH BepOH B TO, HTO OH flOJDXeH HTpaTb XaXyK) -TO pOJIb, HTo6 bI eTO
    JIIO6HJIH. OftHaxo OH He nyBCTByeT CBH3H CO CBOHMH HoraMH H TB3OM , Bbipa -
    acan 4> H3HHecKoe pa3 ejieHHe Mexyxy BepxHen H HHJXHeft nacTHMH ero Tejia.
    ^
    ToBopn KJiaccHnecKHM H3HKOM, 6H03HepreTHKa JloyaHa pa3peniHJia 6bi
    3TOT KOH (J)JIHKT. OH nOCTaBHJI 6 bl KJIHeHTa B CTpeCCOBbie n03bl, KOTOpbie
    noMemaioT Tejio B /yiHTejibHbie HJIH HHor,zja Hey o6Hbie naTTepHbi yjjep-
    ^
    HCaHHH , HTo6 bI BbI3BaTb HyBCTBO yH3BHMOCTH HJIH ( j)H3HHeCKOe OCBo6o CZi;e -
    ^
    HHe. KoHeHHan ijejib Taxon ncHxoTepanHH — ocBo6o£HTb xjraeHTa OT naT-
    TepHOB HanpHJxeHHH, HTO6M OH nonyBCTBOBaji ce6n yMHpOTBOpeHHHM
    H BOCCOeftHHHBIHHMCfl C C060H H MHpOM.
    3TH paHHHe MeTO bi 6BIJIH Ha3BaHbi 3HepreTHnecxoH Tpa HijneH Tejie-
    ^ ^
    CHO -opHeHTHpOBaHHOH ncHxoTepanHH, KOTopan co BpeMeHeM 3BOJHOIJHOHH-
    poBajia, onHpancb Ha xaTapcmecxHH HORXOR paHHero panxHaHCTBa H 6HO3-
    HepreTHHecxyio ncHxoTepanHio, B xoTopoft Hcnojib30BajiHCb HHTeHCHBHbie
    H aaaee HHBa3HBHbie MCTO BI, Taxne xax Maccanc c rjiy6oKHM jjaBjieHHeM ,
    ^
    JXHBOTHbie KpHKH H CTpeCCOBbie n 03bl. XOTH 3TH MeTO bl JieneHHH MOiyT
    ^
    npHBeCTH K 6bICTpbIM pe3yjIbTaTaM , OHH TaXJXe MOryT nOBTOpHO TpaBMHpO-
    BaTb xjineHTa. B pe3yjibTaTe coBpeMeHHbie TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHbie noji-
    xo/ jbi cTajiH ejiaTb ynop Ha o6 jierHeHHe TejiecHoro BbiCBo6o?xj];eHHH 6e30-
    ^
    nacHbiM H orpaHHneHHbiM o6pa30M. HanpnMep, Po3eH6eproM H coaBTopaMH
    [ Rosenberg et al., 1989] 6bma pa3pa6oTaHa HHTerpaTHBHan TejiecHan ncHxo-
    TepanHH c ynopoM Ha ycTpaHeHHe 6JIOXHPOBOX B Tejie nocpejjCTBOM HHTerpa-
    IJHH TeopHH caMoncHxojioraH H 06'bexTHbix OTHomeHHH. 3Ta ncHxoTepanHH
    cocpe OTanHBaeTCH Ha bixaHHH H oco3HaBaHHH rpaHHij B xoHTexcTe Tepa-
    ^ ^
    neBTHHecxnx OTHomeHHH. HHTerpaTHBHan TejiecHan ncHxoTepanHH noMora-
    eT xjineHTy noBbicHTb caMoco3HaHHe H , xax cjie CTBHe, caMoperyjinijHio omy-
    ^
    meHHH H 3MOIJHH. pyTHM npHMeHaTeJIbHbIM TeJieCHO-OpHeHTHpOBaHHbIM
    ^
    MeTOAOM HBjineTCH ( jjopMaTHBHan ncHxojiorHH KejieMaHa [ Keleman, 1987],
    xoTopan ynHTbiBaeT noHHMaHHe nepeHoca, xoHTpnepeHoca H coMaranecxo-
    ro pe30HaHca. KejieMaH onncbmaeT coMaTHnecxHH pe30HaHC xax (])H3HHe-
    cxne peaxu;HH , xoTopwe nyTXHH ncHXOTepaneBT MOJxeT nyBCTBOBaTb B OTBCT
    Ha 3MOU;HH xjiHeHTa. KpoMe TOTO, 3X3HCTeHUHajibHbie H ryMaHHCTHHecxne
    DiaBa 1 GP TejiecHaa 0C03HaHH0CTb npn nepepa6oTKe ncuxojiorHHeciaix TpaBM 37

    TepaneBTHnecKHe uerojibi &ejiaiOT aKijeHT Ha aMnupHnecicoM BMemaTejib-


    cemac. HanpHMep, ( )OKycnpoBaHHe TeH jiHHa [ Gendlin , 1982]
    cTBe 3Aecb H f
    Hcnojib3yeT
    ^
    oco3HaHne Tejia KaK OTnpaBHyK) TOHKy AAH HccjieAOBaHHH ncn-
    J
    XOJIOrHHeCKHX KOH ( )JIHKTOB .
    Kojijxysjiji [ Caldwell 1996, 1997] Taoce HaxoAHjiacb NOA BjiHHHHeM
    ryMaHHCTHnecKOH TpaAHAHH B pa3BHTHH ABHraTejibHoro UHKJia. Ee HHTe -
    rpaTHBHbin noAxoA K ncHxoTepanHH Tejia BKjnonaeT B ce6n ayTeHTHHHoe
    ABH^ceHHe [ Adler, 1999; Whitehouse , 1999 ], c])OKycHpoBKy [ Gendlin, 1982 ]
    H o6yneHHe ABHACCHHIO. /iBHraTejibHbiH IJHKJI OCHOBAH Ha co3epu,aTejibHOH
    npaKTHKe, noompneT opHeHTaijHK) “ 3Aecb H ceiiHac ” H npeAJiaraeT KJiHeHTy
    Ha6 jnoAaTb 3a omymeHHHMH , cjieAOBaTb HMnyjibcaM ABHaceHHH H 3aMenaTb
    6
    AK) bie CBH3aHHbie MbICJIH HJIH 3MOIJHH.
    /Jpyrne npH3HaHHbie MCTOABI B o6 jiacTH TejiecHO-opneHTHpoBaHHOH
    ncHxoTepanHH npoHexoAHT H3 pa6oTbi BeHH6 pHAaca KoaHa [ Cohen , 1994] ,
    KOTOpbiii pa3pa6oTaji MCTOA TejiecHO-ncHXHnecKOH (J)OKycHpoBKH.
    BeftH6pHA^c KOSH npeAnojiaraeT, HTO paHHee HayneHHe pa3BHBaioinHM
    ABHXceHHHM o6ecnenHBaeT penepTyap Bcex ABHaceHHH B 6ojiee no3AHeM
    B03pacTe . OAHaKO HeAOCTaTOHHO HHTerpHpOBaHHbiH ABHraTeAbHbiH naT-
    J
    TepH Mo xeT Bbi3BaTb HapymeHHH B Apyrnx c( >epax ACH3HH nenoBeKa, TaKHx
    ^
    KaK cnoco6HOCTb K KorHHTHBHOMy o6yneHHio HAH nepepa6oTKe SMOAHH.
    Cbi03eH AnombHH [ Aposhyan , 2004, 2007] npHMeHHjia TejiecHO- ncnxH-
    necKyio (])OKycHpoBKy B CBoen pa6oTe , nocBnmeHHOH ncHxoTepanHH Tejia
    H pa3yMa. AnonibHH noAnepKHBaeT BaacHOCTb yBejiHneHHH noTeHAHajibHO-
    ro Bbi6opa ABHACCHKH, AOCTynHbix nejiOBeKy, nyTeM yerpaHeHHH 6JIOKHPO-
    BOK B penepTyape ABHACCHKH. 3TOT npouecc noMoraeT KjmeHTy noAKjno-
    HHTbCH K CBOHM (}) H3HHeCKHM OIAymeHHHM H n 03B0JIHeT 3THM OIIjymeHHHM
    ynpaBAHTb ero ABHACCHHAMH , AbixaHHeM H BOKajiH3aijHeH. IIoMomb KJIH -
    eHTy B OTCJieacHBaHHH omymeHHH o6 jieraaeT ynopHAOHHBaHHe, HTO no-
    3BOAHeT nyBCTBaM npoxoAHTb nepe3 Tejio AO Tex nop, noxa OHH He 6yAyT
    noAHocTbio nepepa6oTaHbi.
    C TeneHHeM BpeMeHH TenecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHan ncnxojiorHH npo-
    AOJDKHjia CBoe pa3BHTHe 6 jiaroAapn MeTOAy coMaTHnecKHx nepe >KHBaHHH ,
    pa3pa6oTaHHOMy IlHTepoM JleBHHbiM. 3TOT MCTOA 4>OKycHpyeTcn Ha BBIC-
    Bo6oXCAeHHH nOCAeACTBHH nCHXOAOTHHeCKOH TpaBMbI B HepBHOH CHCTe -
    Me nyTeM ]
    OTCJie)KHBaHHH ( ) H3HHeCKHX nepe }KHBaHHH H CTHMyjIHpOBaHHH
    ABHAceHHH , ycTpaHniomHx yceneHHbie CTpeccoBbie peaKijHH [ Lewine , 1997,
    2010]. Ha pa3pa6oTKy MeTOAa coMaTHnecKHx nepeacHBaHHH noBjmnji
    38 HacTb 1 OcHOBHbie KOHiienijHH

    HHTepec JleBHHa K TOMy, KaK acHBOTHbie cnpaBjiaiOTCH c yrpo3aMH. 3aMeTHB ,


    HTO
    ^CHBOTHbie o6bIHHO He IIOJiyHaiOT nCHXOJIOrHHeCKHX TpaBM B
    £HKOH
    6onbiTHO , KaK MoryT nponBjiHTbcn JXBH^ceHHH ca-
    npHpo
    McmmHTbi
    ^e, eMy CTajio jiio

    HaMeHaTejibHOH ceccHH JleBHH pa6oTaji


    y Jiio/ieH. Bo BpeMH 3
    c ^KeHiijHHOH, 3aMepmeH OT rnoKa H yacaca. OH HHCTHHKTHBHO npezyioacnji
    ett npe CTaBHTb, HTO ee npecjie yeT THrp, H OHa Hanajia BbinojiHHTb cepnio
    ^ ^
    Me/yieHHbix 6erymnx # BH}KeHHH, HTO6BI cnacTHCb 6ercTBOM. B pe3yjibTa-
    Te OHa coo6mHjia o Bbixojxe H3 CBoero 3aMopo)KeHHoro cJ) H3HnecKoro co-
    CTOHHHH. 3TOT onbiT npHBeji JleBHHa K pa3pa6oTKe MeTO.ua (}) H3HHecKoro
    nepe^KHBaHHH c ynopoM Ha OTCJieacHBaHHe omymeHHH B Tejie H CTHMyjm -
    poBaHHe Me/tJieHHoro CHHTHH HanpnflceHHH c noMombio BH}KeHHH , y ejinn
    BHHMaHHe peryjiHpoBaHHK) COCTOHHHH B036y2C£eHHH.
    ^ ^
    Enje OOTHM no/uxoziiOM , KOTopbiH HrpaeT Ba CHyio pojib B onpe ejie-
    ^
    HHH COBpeMeHHOH TeJieCHO-OpHeHTHpOBaHHOH nCHXOTepanHH , HBJIHeTCH
    ^
    ceHcoMOTOpHan nCHXOTepanHH [ Ogden et al., 2006]. riepBOHanajibHO IIST
    OR eH pa6oTajia c ncHXHnecKH 6ojibHbiMH naijneHTaMH. OHa 3aMeTHjia,
    ^
    HTO 3TH nauneHTbl He HMeJIH CBH3H CO CBOHMH TeJiaMH , HaXO HCb B JIO ~
    ^
    ByniKe H3-3a noBTopHoro nepe >KHBaHHH CBoero npouuioro onbiTa. Ilo35Ke
    OHa coTpyzi,HHHajia c POHOM KypijeM [ Kurtz , 1990 ] , pa3pa6oTHHKOM Mejojxs.
    XaKOMH , npeACTaBjiHiomHM CO6OH MeTojx TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHOH nCH -
    XOTepanHH, ocHOBaHHOH Ha oco3HaHHOCTH. Kypij o6 be HHHji JIHHHK) Paftxa
    ^
    H JIoySHa C OCHOBHbIMH KOHIjeniJHHMH 6y,ZWH3Ma H AaOCH3Ma , TaKHMH KaK
    oco3HaHHOCTb, HeHacHjiHe H cocTpa aHHe. 3aTeM Or eH pa3pa6oTajia CBOH
    ^ ^
    co6cTBeHHbiH KOMnjieKCHbiH MCTO# ceHCOMOTopHOH nCHXOTepanHH c yno-
    poM Ha nepepa6oTKy TpaBMaTHnecKoro MaTepnajia nyTeM OTCJieacHBaHHH
    ( ) H3HHeCKHX OIIjymeHHH , H3yneHHH KOTHHTHBHOTO CMbICJI006pa30 BaHHH
    J
    H cocpe oToneHHH BHHMaHHH Ha nepepa6oTKe OMOIJHH. O HOH H3 OCHOB-
    ^ ^
    Hbix KOHiiientiiHH , noftnepKHyTOH B ceHCOMOTopHOH nCHXOTepanHH , HBJIH -
    eTcn ueHHoe pa3JiHHHe ueyKjxy HHCxo nmen H BOCxo/ jmijeH nepepa6oTKOH ,
    ^
    KOTopoe OTjiHnaeT £ ne KaTeropHH ncHxoTepaneBTHnecKHx BMemaTejibCTB
    [ Ogden et al., 2006 ]. TepMHHbi nucxodmguu H eocxodmguu 3aHMCTBOBaHbi
    H3 HeHpO( j)H3HOJIOrHH M03Ta , B KOTOpOH BepXHHe M 03TOBbie UieHTpbl B He -
    OKOpTeKce o6ecneHHBaiOT peryjmpyiomHe, C03HaTejibHbie OCHOBaHHbie
    Ha MbiniJieHHH HHCTpyMeHTbl flJIfl yCTpaHeHHH CHMOTOMOB nCHXOJIOTH -
    necKOH TpaBMbi. HanpoTHB, HH CHHC M03roBbie uempbi B
    ^ jiHM 6HnecKOH
    CHCTeMe H CTBOJie M03ra coo6maioT 06 3M 0ijH0HajibHbix H ceHcopHbix
    KOMnoHeHTax HcnejieHHH . HncxoAnman nepepa6oTKa B Tpa HijHOHHOH
    ^
    DiaBa 1
    ^ TejiecHan 0C03HaHH0CTb npn nepepa6oTKe ncnxojiorHHecKHx TpaBM 39

    ncHxoTepanHH nacTO AejiaeT ynop Ha KorHHTHBHbie pa3MbiiiiJieHH5i, MHCJIH


    H y6e>KAeHHH nejiOBeica, a TaKAce Ha pa3roBopbi o TpaBMHpyiomHx co6bi-
    THAX. HanpoTHB, BoexoAHmaH nepepa6oTKa o6ecneHHBaeT AOCTyn K (J) H -
    3HHeCKHM OmyilJ.eHHHM , ABHTaTeAbHblM HMnyjIbCaM H 3MOIJHAM , KOTOpbie
    conpoBOACAaiOT TpaBMHpyiomHe BOcnoMHHaHHH. Or,aeH npe nojiaraeT, HTO
    ^
    ycneniHoe jieneHHe TpaBM AOAACHO coneTaTb B ce6e 06a 3THX 4> aKTopa.
    B KHHre MM jxejiaeM aKijeHT Ha CAHHOM TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHOM noA-
    xoAe K JieneHHio ncHxoAorHnecKHx TpaBM , a He Ha TejiecHoii ncHxoTepanHH
    B oTAejibHocTH [ Geuter, 2015; Mehlinget al , 2011]. 3Ta 06 beAHHeHHaA MO -
    '

    Aejib Hcnojib3yeT o6 mne TeoperanecKHe H MeTOAOAorHnecKHe ajieMeHTbi ,

    AeAcamne B ocHOBe MHOTHX MCTOAOB TejiecHO-opMeHTHpOBaHHOH ncnxoTe-


    panHH , H HHTerpHpyeT coBpeMeHHoe noHHMaHHe MeACAHHHocraoH Hefipo-
    6HOJIOTHH. OHa ce6n
    BKAionaeT B HecKOJibKO TeopeTHnecKHx KOHijenijHH
    H npaKTHHeCKHX npHAOACeHHH.

    • /J,BycTOpOHHee BJIHHHHC. IIcHxoTepaneBTbi, KOTOpbie AeJiaiOT aKijeHT


    Ha pa3TOBopHOH TepanHH, MoryT cocpeAOTOHHTbCA npeHMymecTBeHHO
    Ha pojiH pa3yMa KaK 4)aKTopa, Bjmniomero na (J)H3HHecKoe 6 jiarono-
    jiynne. TaKOH noAxoA nacre HanpaBJieH Ha ynpaBJieHHe TpeBOACHbiMH
    omymeHHHMH H SMOIJHHMH , HO MOACCT npenHTCTBOBaTb AOCTyny K ne-
    pepa6oTKe nepBHHHbIX HJIH HHCTHHKTHBHbIX peaKUHH Ha TpaBMHpyio-
    mne CO6BITHH. HanpoTHB, paHHHe TeAecHO-opneHTHpOBaHHbie MeTOAbi
    6bIAH COCpeAOTOHeHbl Ha H3MeHeHHH TeAa RJIH. H3MeHeHHA C03HaHHA.
    OAHaKO npe3MepHbiH aKueHT Ha BMOIJHAX H omymeHHHx MOACCT npn-
    BecTH K TOMy, HTO KJiHeHT 6yAeT neperpyAceH, 3axAecTHyT nyBCTBOM
    naHHKH HAH TpaBMHpoBaH noBTopHO [ MdcNciughton & Levine, 2015].
    EAHHBIH noAxoA K TeAecHo-opneHTHpoBaHHOH ncHxoTepanHH noAHep-
    KHBaeT AByHanpaBAeHHyio CBH3b MeACAy pa3yMOM H TCAOM , B KOTopon
    H npoijecc no3HaHHH, H (J)H3HOAOTHA paccMaTpHBaiOTCA KaK K/noneBbie
    areHTbi H3MeHeHHH. Bo3HHKaeT nocTOHHHoe H AHHaMHnecKoe ypaB-
    HOBeniHBaHHe peryAHpyiomeH | c )yHKAHH HHCxoAHmen nepepa6oTKH
    H (J> yHKUHH AOCTyna BOCXOAHIACH nepepa6oTKH.

    • OpHeHTau,HH Ha oco3HaHHocTb. EAHHBIH noAxoA K TeAecHO-opneH-


    THpoBaHHOH ncHxoTepanHH cnoco6cTByeT AOCTHAceHHio TeAecHoii
    0C03HaHH0CTH H nOAHepKHBaeT OTHOHieHHe HenpeAB3ATOCTH H AK)6O -
    nbiTCTBa. KorAa KAHCHT pa3BHBaeT TeAecHyio 0C03HaHH0CTb, ncnxo-
    TepaneBT MOAceT pa6oTaTb c 3aTpyAHeHHeM ABIXBHHH H naTTepHaMH
    40 HacTb 1 G? OcHOBHbie KOHuermHH

    Hanpn KeHHH , Bbi3BaHHbiMH yrjiy6 jieHHeM nepe)KHBaHHH. acTO 3TO


    ^
    ftocraraeTCH 3a cneT MOTKOTO ycHjieHHH omymeHHH. OH3HHecKHe ^
    omymeHHH paccMaTpHBaioTCH KaK HH J opMau H5i , a He KaK cHMnTOMbi.
    ( ) ;
    KaK TOJIbKO KJIHeHT 0C03HaeT CBOH (J) H3HHeCKHe omymeHHH, nCHXO-
    TepaneBT MOJKCT npe jioncHTb eMy HCCJie/iOBaTb jno6 bie HHTyHTHBHbie
    ^
    BHHCeHHH HJIH 3ByKH. CyTb B TOM , HTo6 bI yniy6 jIHTbCH B HCCJieflOBa-
    ^
    HHH , COXpaHHH TeMn , COOTBeTCTByiOmHH HH HBH /IiyaJIbHOMy KJIHeHTy.
    ^
    • OpHeHTaiiiHH Ha peryjiHpoBaime. EZJHHBIH UORXOJX K TejiecHO -opneH-
    THpoBaHHoft ncHxoTepanHH o6rbe/iiHHHeT HeHpo6HOJiorHHecKHe HC -
    cjieAOBaHHH peaKijHH jiKmeii Ha CTpecc H ncHxojiorHHecKyio TpaBMy.
    TaKHe HCCJie OBaHHH no/mepKHBaioT BaacHocTb oco3HaHHOH CBH3H
    ^
    c TejiOM B pa3rap CHJibHbix 3MOH;HH HJIH omymeHHH. Koima KJineHTbi
    pa3BHBaiOT nOHHMaHHe | ( ) H3HHeCKHX omymeHHH , OHH MOryT JiyHHie

    pearapoBaTb Ha 3MOijHOHajibHyio HanpHaceHHOCTb. IlepBOHaHajibHO


    peryjiHUHH H3ynaeTCH B paMKax TepaneBTHnecKHx OTHomeHHH no-
    CpeACTBOM B3aHMHOH peryjIHIJHH , npH KOTOpOH npHCyTCTBHe nCHXO-
    TepaneBTa H ero co6cTBeHHaH TejiecHan oco3HaHHOCTb o6ecneHHBaioT
    cymecTBeHHyio ocHOBy RJIX. jieneHHH. IIcHxoTepanHH , ocHOBaHHan
    Ha peryjiHpoBaHHH , zjeJiaeT ynop Ha pa6oiy B “ oKHe TOJiepaHTHoc ”
    [ Siegel, 1999 ] , onraMajibHOH 30He B036ynczieHHH HepBHOH CHCTeMbi,
    B KOTOpOH KJIHeHTbl MOiyT 3(]3(})eKTHBHO peaTHpOBaTb Ha CBOH 3MO-
    U; HH. B KOHenHOM cneTe, KJineHTbi ynaTCH caMoperyjnmHH , HTO no-
    3BOJineT HM ocTaBaTbCH Ha CBH3H H nojiynaTb no/mepacKy B ycjiOBHnx
    HHTeHCHBHOCTH 3aHCHBaiOmeH nCHXOJIOTHHeCKOH TpaBMbl .
    • THTpOBaHHe H nocjie / joBaTejibHoe BbicBofioHCfleime . TnTpoBaHHe
    OTHOCHTCH K npoijeccy nepencHBaHHH He6ojibinoro CTpecca c ijejibio
    pa3pH,n; KH c])H3HHecKoro HanpnHceHHH. 3TOT npoijecc zmcTHraeTCH
    3a cneT KOJie6aHHH BHHMaHHH Me»my omymeHHeM 6ecnoKoncTBa
    H omymeHHeM 6e3onacHoc H OIOKOHCTBHH . Koraa (f ) H3HHecKoe
    HanpHHceHHe HaHHHaeT paapnacaTbCH HJIH c6pacbiBaTbcn , KJineHTbi
    o6bIHHO COo6maK)T O ZJBHJKeHHH 3MOIJHH H OmymeHHH. TepMHH 720 -
    cjiedoeamejibHoe euceodoMdenue OTHOCHTCH K CHHTHIO HanpnHceHHH ,
    KOTopoe y /iep}KHBajiocb B rjiy6nHe Tejia , Koima OHO nepeMemaeTCH
    HapyjKy nepe3 pyKH , HOTH H JIHIJO. HanpHMep, HanpjDKeHHe B HCHBO -
    Te MOHceT nepeMecTHTbCH B rpy b, a 3aTeM ycHJiHTbcn B ropjie HJIH
    ^
    HA Ji6y. MHor a ncHxoTepaneBT MoaceT BH3yajibHO BHfleTb, KaK pyKH
    ^
    DiaBa 1 & TejiecHan oco3HaHHOCTb npH nepepa6oTKe ncHxojiorHnecKHx TpaBM 41

    HAH HOTH KJineHTa TpncyTCH H ApoacaT. HanpnAceHHe co BpeMeHeM


    BbiCBofio aeTCH, HHor/ ja B BHAe cjie3, cnoco6HOCTH 6ojiee
    ^
    CBO6OAHO HJIH omymeHHH jiencocTH BO BceM Tejie.
    AbimaTb

    B IHHpOKOM CMbICJie T 6AeCHO-OpH6HTHpOBaHHaH nCHXOJIOrHH CTpOHT -


    CH Ha npeAnocbuiKe, HTO opraHH3My Heo 6xoAHMO nepepa6aTbiBaTb CTpec-
    6
    coBbie CO BITHH nocpeACTBOM AbixaHHH H ABH ^ceHHH. HrHopnpyH TeAe-
    CHyio oco3HaHHOCTb , ABHAceHHe H co3HaTejibHoe AbixaHne B npoijecce ne-
    pepa6oTKH nCHXOAOrHHeCKOH TpaBMbI, MbI OrpaHHHHBaeM B03M0ACH0CTb
    HCn 0Ab30 BaHHH BpOACAeHHbIX IjeAHTeAbCKHX CIIOCo6HOCTeH KAHeHTa.
    BMemaTeAbCTBa , HanpaBAeHHbie Ha yAynmeHHe TeAecHoii oco3HaHHOCTH ,
    MOryT 6bITb OCo6eHHO BaACHbIMH npH pa6oTe C KAHeHTaMH, CHMnTOMbI
    KOTopbix 6 WAH pe3HCTeHTHbiMH K EMDR -TepanHH , nocKOAbKy OHH npe-
    AOCTaBAHiOT ncHXOTepaneBTaM 6oAee IHHPOKHH cneKTp HaBbiKOB, no3Bo-
    A 5HOIIJHX nOBbICHTb 3( J)(J eKTHBHOCTb AeHeHHH
    ) nCHXOAOTHHeCKHX TpaBM.
    HHCTpyMeHTbi , npeAAaraeMbie B 3TOH KHHre , ynaT ncHxoTepaneBTOB
    TOMy, Kax noBbiCHTb cnoco6 HOCTb KAHeHTa omymaTb H nyBCTBOBaTb CBoe
    TeAO, nOMOHb KAHeHTy pa6oTaTb C TpaBMHpyiOmHMH BOCnOMHHaHHAMH
    6e3onacHbiM H peryAHpyeMbiM o6 pa30 M H cnoco6cTBOBaTb AAHTeAbHOMy
    COXpaHeHHK) BOCnOMHHaHHH.
    rjIABA 2

    JfayzHue OCHOSM mexecuo-


    (
    opueumupoSannou ncuxomepanuu

    MDR-TepanHH
    E H
    Ha 6HoncHxocouHajibHoft
    Mbl KJIHeHTa B03HHKai0T B
    TejiecHO -opHeHTHpoBaHHaH HCHXOJIOTHH ocHOBaHbi
    Moziejra jieneHHH, corjiacHO KOTopoft CHMOTO -
    pe3yJIbTaTe B3aHMO/i;eHCTBHH 6nOXHMHHeCKHX,
    ncHxojiormecKHx , coijHajibHbix H KyjibTypHbix 4>aicTopoB [ Gatchel, 2004;
    Mahoney, 2005; Ray, 2004]. 3TOT B3rjiH ; KOHTpacrapyeT c Me/ jHijHHCKOH
    ^
    Moziejibio jieneHHH , B KOTOPOH numem paccMaTpHBaeTcn icaic naccHBHbra no-

    jiynaTejib ycjiyr, a ncHxoTepaneBT ABJIHCTCH SKcnepTOM. B paMKax 6HOHCH -


    xocouHajibHoro nonxojxz. CHHTaeTCH , HTO KTineHTnrpaeT arcraBHyio pojib
    B jieneHHH CHCTeMa y6e mineHTa HMCIOT pemaiomee 3HaneHHe ,
    ;
    }K /i eHHH

    a ncHxoTepaneBTbi pa6oTaiOT COBMCCTHO c KJiHeHTaMH H flpyrHMH ynacTHH -


    KaMH jieneHHH .
    EMDR -TepanHH H TCJiGCHO-opHCHTHpOBaHHaji ncHxojiorHH BKJnonaiOT
    B ce6n 3HaHHH o HeHpo6 HOJiorHH cTpecca H ncHxojiorHHecKoft TpaBMbi ,
    CBH3aHHbie c jieneHHeM nocTTpaBMaTHHCCKoro CTpeccoBoro paccTpoftcTBa.
    B 3TOH rjiaBe paccMaTpuBaiOTCH TeMbi TejiecHOCTH, TejiecHoro HHTejiJieKTa
    H B3anMHOH peryjmijHH. Mbi TaioKe yrjiySwM Harne HccjieziOBaHHe HeiipoH -
    HblX CeTeH , (])OpMHpyiOHIiHX OCHOBy 3MOIi;HH , TpaBMHpyiOmHX BOCnOMHHa -
    HHH H AHCcoijHaTHBHbix cHMnTOMOB. 3Ta niaBa 3aBepmaeTCH o6 cyyKjxe -
    HHeM npe nojiaraeMbix MCTO OB BO3,ZJ 6HCTBHH B EMDR - TepanHH H Tejie -
    ^ ^
    CHO -OpHeHTHpOBaHHOH ncHxoTepanHH.

    TEJIECHOCTb H TEJIECHAH OC03HAHHOCTb


    TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHbiH nojxxon K ncHxoTepanHH no3BOJiHeT KJIH -
    eHTaM jiynrne pearapoBaTb Ha 3MOUHH H omymeHHH H acj eKTHBHee pe-
    arapoBaTb Ha HHTeHCHBHOCTb HcizejieHHH
    HauiHx iiiejieH TejiecHocTb onpe
    ncHxojiorHHecKOH

    xax
    ^ TpaBMbi. Jinn
    nepe^KHBa-
    HHe omymeHHH , SMOIJHH H
    ^ ejineTCH OAHOBpeMeHHoe
    HMnyjibcoB B HacToamHH MO-
    ^ BHraTejibHbix

    MeHT. 3Ta KOHueni HH TecHO CBH3aHa c pa6oTOH Oorejin [ Fogel, 2009] H ero
    ^
    DiaBa 2 HaynHbie OCHOBM TejiecHO-opHeHTHpOBaHHOH riCHxoTepamiH 43

    onHcaHneM TejiecHoro caM0C03HaHHH KaK aKTHBHoro npoijecca caMono3Ha -


    6HOBjiHeTCH H yKpenAfleTCA nocpe/ jCTBOM npaKTHKH. Bojiee
    HHA , KOTOpbiH o
    Toro, Oorejib My po Ao6aBJineT, HTO TejiecHyio oco3HaHHOCTb Hejib3H HaBH -
    ^
    3aTb CHAOH. Cxopee, TejiecHaa oco3HaHHOCTb H TejiecHOCTb KAHCHTOB yicpe -
    njiHiOTCH , nocKOJibKy ncHXOTepaneBTbi npeAOCTaBAfliOT HM B03M0ACH0CTb
    noMHHTb o CBOHX (J) H3HHecKiix omymeHHflx.
    Ha caMOM 6a30B0M ypoBHe TejiecHOCTb npezucTaBjineT co6oit HHTerpa-
    U. HK) Tpex CHCTeM CeHCOpHOH o6 paTHOH CB5I3H —
    3KCTepOUenUHH , HHTepO-
    uemjHH H nponpHOueniJiHH. PaccMOTpHM HX no6AHAce.

    • 3KCTepOU.eim.Hfl OTHOCHTCfl K CeHCOpHbIM BOCnpHflTHflM BHeniHeH


    cpeAbi. 3TO MoryT 6 biTb o6 pa3bi , 3ByKH , 3anaxw , BKycbi H TaKTHJibHbie
    omymeHHA , TaKHe KaK omymeHHe npHKocHOBeHHA ojxeyKjxu K Koace.
    3KCTepoijeimHH cnoco6cTByioT ceHcopHbie HeftpoHbi , KOTopbie npo-
    CTHpaiOTCfl OT opraHOB HyBCTB Ha nepH (J> epHH Tejia ( rjia3a , yniH , HOC,
    H3biK , KOAca ) AO rojiOBHoro M03ra.

    • HHTepou.enu.Hfl BKAionaeT ceHcopHbie BocnpHAran BHyTpH Tejia. OHa


    MOACCT BKjnonaTb nyBCTBO rojiOAa, AcaACAW , COHJIHBOCTH , 6AHTeAbH0-
    CTH , TeMnepaTypbi Tejia , HanpflAceHHA , 6OJIH HJIH TpeBorn. OHa TaKAce
    o6ecneHHBaeT o6paTHyio CBH3B O BHyipeHHeM OMOijHOHajibHOM nepe-
    ^CHBaHHH. HHTepouemjiHH cnoco6cTByioT ceHcopHbie HeftpoHbi, KOTO -
    pbie nepeAaiOT HH|opMaijHK) OT Mbimu;, opraHOB H coeAHHHTeAbHOH
    ( )

    TKaHH B M 03T.

    • IIponpHou.enu.Hfl OTHOCHTCA K ceHcopHoii o6paTHoii CBA3H O nojio-


    AceHHH Tejia OTHOCHTejibHO rpaBHTauHH. 3TO oco3HaHHe BKjnonaeT
    B ce6fl 3HaHHe TOTO, CHAHTC JIH BBI npAMO, HaKJiOHHeTecb JIH BBI B CTO -
    poHy HJIH coxpaHfleTe paBHOBecne , KorAa CTOHTC HAH HAde. IIponpH -
    ouenAHfl o6AernaeTCfl nepeAaneH ceHcopHoii HH(})opMaijHH OT cycTa -
    BOB Tejia H OT BHyTpeHHero yxa K M03ry.

    3TH TpH CHCTeMbI CeHCOpHOH oSpaTHOH CBH3H oOBeAHHAIOTCfl B 0C03Ha-


    HHH , HTo6bI C03AaTb OIAyiAOHHe Ce6fl, nOMOHb HeAOBeKy 3(J)(f )eKTHBH0 pea-
    THpoBaTb Ha OKpy caiomyio cpeAy H HrpaiOT BaACHyio poAb B noAACpAcaHHH
    ^
    ABOHHOTO BHHMaHHfl , Heo6xOAHMOTO KOMnOHeHTa AeneHHfl nCHXOAOTHHe-
    ,
    CKHX TpaBM [ Rothschild 2010]. 3TH ceHcopHbie CHCTeMbi CAyAcaT KOMMy -
    .
    HHKau HOHHbiMH nyTAMH , npoxoAAin,HMH no BceMy M03ry H TeAy. OoreAb
    [ Fogel, 2009 ] Ao6aBAneT, HTO nponpHOuenijHfl H Harne BH3yaAbHoe oco3Ha-
    HHe o6 beAHHAK)TCA , HTo6 bI nOMOHb C(J)OpMHpOBaTb “ CXeMy TeAa” , KOTOpafl
    '
    44 HacTb 1 & OcHOBHbie KOHu,enuHH

    BKJiiOHaeT B ce6n HYBCTBO rpaHHij HJIH omymeHHe Toro, rjxe nejiOBeic HanH-
    HaeTC5i H iym 3aKaHHHBaeTCH. Bojiee TOTO, ceHcopHan HH ( )opMaiiHH MoaceTJ
    nepeziaBaTbCH KaK oco3HaHHO, TaK H Heoco3HaHHO [ Craig, 2010]. IIpocTOH
    npHMep: BaM He HyacHo AyMaTb, HTO6H OT epHyTb pyKy OT ropaneH njiHTbi.
    ^
    Bbi aBTOMaTHnecKH OT epHeTe pyxy OT ropHnero MecTa, npeac e neM co3Ha-
    TejibHO
    ^ ^
    3a J HKCHpyeTe npHHHHy ABHJKeHHH. Barna HepBHan CHCTeMa o6ecne-
    ( )

    HHBaeT MHO CeCTBO TaKHX aBTOMaTHHeCKHX ACHCTBHH , HTo6bI IIOMOHb BaM


    ^
    coxpaHHTb KOHTpojib H aAeKBarao pearnpoBaTb Ha OKpy)Kaiomyio cpejxy.
    —
    Oco3HaHHe CBOHX (J)H3HHecKHx omymeHHH 3TO Apyron npoijecc, KOTO-
    pblH n03B0JIHeT MaKCHMH3HpOBaTb CnOCo6HOCTb HCnbITbIBaTb (})H3HHeCKOe
    omymeHHe CBoeft JIHHHOCTH [ Craig , 2010]. HacTpoHBniHCb Ha CBOH omy -
    meHHH, Bbi C 6oJIbHieH BepOHTHOCTbK) nOHMeTe, HyBCTByeTe JIH Bbi TOJIOA ,
    acaacAy HJIH BaM Hymio B TyajieT. KpoMe TOTO, BBI MoaceTe 3aMeTHTb CKOBAH -
    HOCTb HJIH HanpH )KeHHe B Tejie TOTO, KaK HeKOTopoe BpeMH nocHAHTe
    nocjie

    HenoABH CHO. Oorejib npeAnojiaraeT, HTO TaKOH AHCKOMCJIOPT jiyniue Bcero


    ^
    noHHMaTb KaK TpeBOJKHbin cnrHaji Barnero Tejia , H HTO paHHee oco3HaHHe
    HenpHHTHbIX OmymeHHH MOJKeT nOMOHb BaM ABHraTbCH TaKHM o6pa30M ,
    KOTopbifi ecTecTBeHHbiM o6pa30M cHHMaeT Hanpn ^ceHHe. HanpHMep, omy -
    meHHe AHCKOM(J) OpTa OT CKOBaHHOCTH B Tejie MOHCeT 3aCTaBHTb Bac pa3MHTb
    pyKH H HOTH , BbinHTb BORO. HJIH BbIHTH Ha yJIHIjy nOAblHiaTb CBeHCHM B03-
    AyxoM. /IpyrHMH cjiOBaMH, TejiecHan oco3HaHHOCTb MoaceT noMOHb BaM H3-
    6e^KaTb BpeAa, CBH3aHHoro c HTHOpHpoBaHHeM CBoero Tejia.
    KaK yace roBopnjiocb, Hama Kyjimypa B03Harpa)KAaeT Hac c paHHero
    B03pacTa 3a noAaBjieHHe Hanrax TejiecHbix CHTHajiOB .B mKOJie Hac ynaT
    CHAeTb CMHPHO H npHHHMaTb nnmy no pacnncaHHio, a He TorAa, KorAa MBI
    rojioAHbi . K cojKajieHHio, MM CKJIOHHBI ocTaBaTbcn HenoABHJKHbiMH AajKe
    BO BpeMH cTpeccoBbix HJIH TpaBMHpyiomHX CO6MTHH. KpoMe TOTO, noAa -
    BJieHHe ABHraTejibHbix HMnyjibcoB — STO cnoco6 OTKJHOHHTBCH OT TpeBO -
    J
    JKamHX ( ) H3HHeCKHX OmymeHHH , CBH3aHHbIX C TpaBMaTHHeCKHM CTpeCCOM.
    MHOTHM H3 Hac npnxoAHTCH 3aHOBO yHHTbCH cjiymaTb Tejio, 3aHHMancb
    nCHXO(])H3HHeCKHMH ynpaHCHeHHHMH AJIH yCHJieHHH TeJieCHOTO 0C03HaHHH ,
    noBbimaiomHMH Hamy TejiecHyio 0C03HaHH0CTb.

    TEJIECHOCTb B OTHOUIEHHHX METKJjy JUORbMVL


    TejiecHOCTb —3 TO cotmajibHO H KyjibTypHO AeTepMHHHpOBaHHoe HBjieHHe .
    Hanm ceMeHHbie, coimajibHbie H KyjibTypHbie HopMbi onpeAejmiOT MOACJIH
    DiaBa 2
    ^ HaynHbie OCHOBM TejiecHO-opneHTHpOBaHHOH ncHxoTepamw 45

    aMOUHOHajibHoro Bbipa ceHHH H


    ^ noBeAeHHH , ( jjopMHpyn Hanm ABHraTejibHbie
    narrepHbi [ Bennett & Castiglioni, 2004]. To, KaK MBI AyMaeM H nyBCTByeM,
    BJiH eT Ha TO, KaK MM BuraeMCfl , a TO , KaK MBI ABHraeMcn , BJIHHCT Ha TO ,
    ^ ^
    KaK MM AyMaeM H nyBCTByeM. Hepe3 3aMKHyTyio neTjno o6paTHOH CBH3H
    MOAeJIH ABHJKeHHH BJIHflIOT Ha HaiHe BOCnpHHTHe H HHTepnpeTaUHK) HaniHX
    BHyTpeHHHx H BHeniHHx omymeHHH. Harny TejiecHOCTb TaKJKe Heo6xoAHMO
    noHHMaTb B KOHTeKCTe oKpyacaiomeH cpeAbi . Ha (J)H3HHecKne omymeHHH
    B HaCTOHIUHH MOMeHT MOTyT BJIHflTb TeKyilJHe ( jjaKTOpbl , BKJIIOHaH CBeT B Ka -
    6HHeTe, pacnojioHceHHe cwjxemiib H 6 jiH30CTb jiioAeft. Upu HH(J)opMHpoBaHHH
    o TOM , HacKOJibKo KOM(J)opTHO MM HyBCTByeM ce6n B CBOeH KO^Ce H KaK Mbi
    ABHraeMCH , TaK5Ke BaHCHO npHHHMaTb BO BHHMaHHe pa3JIHHHH, CBH3aHHbie
    C KyJIbTypoii , nOJIOM HJIH 4) H3HHeCKHMH CnOCo6HOCTHMH.
    TejiecHOCTb HaHHHaeTCH B Harnnx caMbix paHHHx OTHonieHunx B Mjia eH -
    necTBe nepe3 MOAeJiH B3aHMOAeHCTBHH c HaniHMH OCHOBHBIMH oneKyHaMH.
    ^
    OneKyHbi H Mjia eHUbi o6 maiOTCH Apyr c ApyroM nocpeACTBOM MHMHKH ,
    ^
    BOKaJIH3au; HH , JKeCTOB H ABH CeHHH Tejia. Mbi C(J)OpMHpOBaHbI HaniHMH ca -
    ^
    6
    MblMH paHHHMH HeBep aJIbHbIMH o6MeHaMH. HTO6M JiyHHie nOHHTb pOJIb
    AOJDKHM paCCMOTpeTb B3a-
    TeJieCHOCTH B OTHOHieHHHX MeHCAy JIIOAbMH , Mbi
    HMOCBH3 b Meacay CHCTeMOH CeHCOpHOH o6 paTHOH CBH3H H ABHraTeJIbHbIMH
    HeftpoHaMH. CeHcopHbie HeiipoHM nepe aiOT HmjDopMainHio OT opraHOB
    ^
    nyBCTB K M03ry, a ABHraTejibHbie HeftpoHM nepeAaiOT HHcJjopMauHio OT MO3-
    ra K KOHeHHOCTHM. B OTHOineHHHx MeacAy JIIOABMH 3Ta ceHCOMOTopHan
    CHCTeMa noMoraeT HaM o6 pa6aTbmaTb H noHHMaTb SMOUHH , KOTopme MM
    BHAHM y Apyrax JiiOAeft [ Ferrari & Rizzolatti, 2014]. MM Ha6 jiiOAaeM H3MK
    Tejia H Bbipa ceHHH AHija, CBH3aHHbie c SMOIJHHMH Apyroro nejiOBeKa , HC-
    ^
    nojib3yn Hanm CeHcopHbie HeftpoHM. MM HyBCTByeM Hanm coScTBeHHbie

    ABHraTejibHbie HMnyjibCM nepe3 ABuraTejibHbie HeftpoHM, KOTopbie BM3M-


    BaiOT omymeHHH , CBH3aHHbie c KOHKpeTHoii SMOUHen. RjimeByio pojib
    B 3TOM npouecce HrpaiOT 3epKajibHbie HeftpoHM [ Gallese, 2009 ]. rajme3e
    o6Hapy>KHji, HTO , KorAa MM Ha6 jnoAaeM 3a noBeAOHHeM Apyroro nejiOBeKa,
    nyTH ABHraTeAbHbix HeiipOHOB aKTHBHpyiOTCH , KaK ecjiH 6M MM caMH BCJIH
    Ce6H TOHHO TaK HCe. /IpyrHMH CJIOBaMH , Mbi He npOCTO BHAHM 3MOUHIO HJIH
    AOHCTBHe 3TH nepencHBaHHH npo6yjKAaiOTCH BHyTpH Hac. 3TH TejiecHO-o-
    pneHTHpoBaHHbie nepejKHBaHHH o6ecneHHBaiOT noHHMaHHe nepe CHBaHHH
    ^
    Apyroro nejiOBeKa H HMeiOT OTHomeHHe K 3MnaTHH .
    MHTepTejieCHOCTb, TepMHH , BBeAGHHblH (J> paHUy3CKHM| ( ) HJI0C
    04)0M-4)e-
    HOMeHOJioroM MepAO- IIoHTH [ Merleau - Ponty , 1962 ] , HMeeT OTHomeHHe
    46 HacTb 1 & OcHOBHbie KOHiienimn

    K zmamraecKoft CHCTeMe oneKyHa H MjiafleHija. HHTepTejiecHOCTb 6pocaeT


    BbI30B npeACTaBJieHHK) 0 ce6e KaK 06 OT/ jeJIbHOM BHyTpeHHeM C03HaHHH.
    BMecTO 3Toro caMOCTb noHHMaeTCH KaK ITOCTOHHHO MeHHiomeecH Bbipance-
    HHe ziHHaMHHecKoro nepenjieTeHHH Meacfly nejiOBeKOM , / jpyrHMH JIIOZU> MH
    H oKpy caiomeH
    ^ cpezjoft . 3Ta ZMET npe 06 o6meM
    KOHijeniiiHH
    ^
    onbue 3apa3HTejibHOH 3eBOTbi HJIH KonnpoBaHHH ncecTOB, KOTopbie
    cTaBjieHHe

    nponc-
    XOZJHT MesKfly JHOABMH [ Tanaka, 2015].

    TEJIECHOCTb B IICHXOTEPAIIHH
    Co6cTBeHHbie (J)H3HHecKHe nepe^KHBaHHH ncHxoTepaneBTOB HanpnMyio
    CBH3aHbI C e CeMHHyTHblM o6MeHOM C HaniHMH KJIHeHTaMH. CoMaTHHeCKHe
    ^
    nepe^CHBaHHH ncHxoTepaneBTOB 3aBHCHT OT mmeHTOB, H Hao6opoT.
    HHTepcy6 beKTHBHOCTb, KOHijenijHH, BBefleHHan ncHxoaHajiHTHKaMH
    '

    Po6epTOM CTOJiopoy H HcopzmceM 3TByn;oM [ Stolorow & Atwood, 1992],


    ^
    yTBepac aeT, HTO Bee BHAM noBe/ jeHHH H B3aHMO#eHCTBHH AOJDKHBI HHTep -
    ^
    npeTHpoBaTbCH KomeKCTyajibHO. IlpHMeHHTejibHO K ncnxoTepanHH STO
    03HanaeT, HTO ncHXOTepaneBT H KJineHT B3aHMHO BJIHHIOT JXPYR Ha # pyra
    Ha npoT5DKeHHH Bcero o6MeHa. HHTepTejiecHOCTb H HHTepcy6T> eKTHBHOCTb
    MOHCHO Ha6 jiio aTb B paMKax ncHxoTepaneBTHnecKHx OTHomeHHH , Korzja
    ^
    H ncHXOTepaneBT, H KJIHCHT ojjHOBpeMeHHO MCHHIOT CBoe CHzmnee nojiojKe -
    HHe , HTO6H cKpecTHTb npoTHBonojioHCHyio Hory CBepxy, HJIH o6a nozmocHT

    ^
    pyxy K no opo Ky.
    ^
    TejiecHOCTb noMoraeT HanpaBjiHTb He TOJIBKO ncHXOTepaneBTHnecKHH
    npoijecc, HO H KanecTBO B3aHMonoHHMaHHH B oTHomeHHnx ncnxoTepa -
    neBT-KjmeHT. KorAa BO BpeMH ceccHH ncHXOTepaneBTbi HacTpaHBaioTCH
    Ha co6cTBeHHyio TejiecHyio oco3HaHHOCTb, OHH MoryT omymaTb TOH -
    KHe H3MeHeHHH , KOTopbie MoryT noMOHb noHHTb nepe KHBaHHH KJineHTa.
    ^
    HanpHMep, BO BpeMH ceccnn c Kjmemou ncHXOTepaneBT HacTpaHBaeT
    CBOH BHyTpeHHHe omymeHHH H peaKijHH. MyBCTByn THHcecTb B rpyzm , ncn -
    xoTepaneBT 3aMenaeT ncejiaHHe cjxemTb 6ojiee rjiy6oKHH BJXOX H omymaeT
    HanpnaceHHe B ropjie, KOToporo He 6 bmo #o ceccHH. B STOT MOMCHT ncnxo-
    TepaneBTy craHOBHTCH 6onbiTHO, CBH 3aHbi JIH ero BHyTpeHHHe omyme-
    jno

    HHH c nepe^KHBaHHHMH KJineHTa, nocKOJibKy #o Hanajia STOH ceccHH STHX


    omymeHHH y Hero He 6BIJIO. OH npezjjiaraeT KjmeHTy o6 paTHTb BHHMaHHe
    Ha ( j) H3HnecKHe omymeHHH H MOHCCT cnpocHTb 06 omymeHHHx B o6 jiac
    ropjia. 3TOT npouecc OTKpbiBaeT zmajior o (J) H3HHecKHx omymeHHnx. 3Ta
    DiaBa 2 GP HaynHbie OCHOBH TejiecHo-opMeHTMpoBaHHOH ncnxoTepanHH 47

    rjiySHHa COBMCCTHOH HBCTPOHKH 6


    H jiio onbiTCTBa MoaceT 3aTeM yrjiy HTb 6
    KanecTBO B3aHMonoHHMaHHH H noHHMaHHH B paMKax ncnxoTepaneBTHHe -
    CKHX OTHOineHHH . Co
    BpeMeHeM 3TH B 3aHMOAeHCTBHH flaiOT nCHXOTepa -
    neBTy npeACTaBJieHHe o TOM , HTO OH MoaceT ce6n nyBCTBOBaTb , 6 yjxyxm STHM
    KJIHeHTOM . TeJieCHaH 0C03HaHH0CTb CTaHOBHTCH HCTOHHHKOM SMnaTHH.
    B oSjiacTH ncHxojiornH MHorne nmpoKO npaKTHKyeMbie nojxxojibi 06-
    jiernaiOT BO3MO >KHOCTH TejiecHOH 0C03HaHH0CTH B OTHomeHHHx . K HUM
    OTHOCHTCH , noMHMO nponero , CHH ceHHe dpecca Ha ocHOBe oco3HaHHO -
    ^
    CTH [ Kabat - Zinn , 1990 ], METOJX XBKOMH coMaTHHecKOH ncHXOTepanHH,
    opneHTHpoBaHHOH Ha oco3HaHHOCTb [ Kurtz , 1990; Weiss , Johanson &
    Monda, 2015], ceHCOMOTOpHan ncHXOTepanHH [ Ogden et al , 2006; Ogden
    & Fisher, 2015] H nepe)KHBaHHe TejiecHoro onbua [ Levine , 1997 , 2010].
    KpoMe TOTO, TpaflHUHH TaHijeBajibHOH ncHXOTepanHH H ocodeHHO ayTeH -
    THHHbie ABH ceHHH , pa3 pa6oTaHHbie YaHTxaycoM H AzyiepoM , no.zi.HepKHBa -
    ^
    KDT BaamocTb “ npHCJiyniHBaHHH K Tejiy ” KaK OCHOBHOTO ajieMeHTa Hcijejie -
    HHH [ Pallaro , 1999 ]. Koiyja ncHxoTepaneBTbi cocpeAOTanHBaiOTCH Ha CBO-
    efl CodCTBeHHOH TeJieCHOH OC03HaHHOCTH , OHH C 6oJIbineH BepOHTHOCTbK)
    OC03HaiOT 3MOIJHH H COCTOHHHH B036yJKfteHHH , KOTOpbie OHH npHBHOCHT

    ^ no-
    B CeCCHH , H MOryT nOBbICHTb OCBe /IiOMJieHHOCTb O TOM , KaK 3TO MO CeT
    BJiHHTb Ha nepe^CHBaHHH . Mbi npH3bmaeM ncHxoTepaneBTOB pe-
    KJiHeHTa
    ryjiapHO BbinojiHHTb ynpaxcHeHHH AJIH noBbimeHHH TejiecHOH oco3HaHHO-
    6
    CTH , HTo bI yCHJIHTb CBH3HOCTB C nepeHCHBaHHHMH KJIHeHTOB , npH KOTOpOH
    cjiOBa, 3MOUHH H H3biK Tejia ncHxoTepaneBTa KOHrpyaHTHbi. /IpyrHMH CJIO-
    BaMH , TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHaH ncHXOTepanHH — 3TO He npocTO Ha6op
    BMemaTejibCTB , HanpaBjieHHbix Ha KjmeHTa , a ocHOBa AJIH HacTpoeHHoro

    npHcyTCTBHH ncHxoTepaneBTa. KpoMe TOTO, BbinojmeHHe ncHxoTepaneB-


    TaMH ynpaameHHH AJIH noBbimeHHH TejiecHOH oco3HaHHOCTH noMoraeT HM
    CNPABJIHTBCH CO CTpeCCOM H CHHHCaeT BepOHTHOCTb KOCBeHHOH TpaBMaTH -
    .
    3auHH HJIH SMOiiHOHajibHoro BbiropaHHH ( CM rjiaBy 8).

    TEJIECHblH HHTEJIJIEKT
    Harne odmecTBO npn / jaeT orpoMHoe 3HaneHHe Tpa HijHOHHbiM cjjopMaM
    ,
    HHTejuieKTa Aejian
    ^
    aKijeHT Ha BepdajibHbix aHajiHranecKHx CHOCO6HOCTHX ,
    MaTeMaTHnecKHx CHOCO6 HOCTHX, jiomKe H cnocodHOCTH pacno3HaBaTb 3a -
    KOHOMepHOCTH HJIH MaHHnyjiHpoBaTb HMH. B ncHXOTepanHH anejuiHUHH
    K HHTejiJieKTy BKJnonaeT B ce6n BepdajibHyio o6pa6oTKy ( pa3roBopHyio
    48 HacTb 1 & OcHOBHbie KOHijermHH

    ncHxoTepanHio ) H KorHHTHBHoe ocMbicjieHHe. HanpoTHB, Teopnn MHoace -

    CTBeHHoro HHTejiJieKTa [ Gardner, 2011] paciHHpneT Hame noHHMaHne HH-


    TejuieKTa , BKJnonafl o6 jiac TBopnecTBa, My3biKajibHOCTH , Me KJiHHHocr -
    ^
    HOH 3( J J eKTHBHOCTH,
    )( ) 3MOIJHOHaJIbHOH My pOCTH , BHyTpHJIHHHOCTHOTO
    ^
    -
    CaM0 n 03HaHHH H TeJieCHO KHHeCTeTHHeCKOH 0C03HaHH0CTH. PeryjIHpHO
    BbinojiH5ieMbie ynpaacHeHHH RJIX noBbimeHHH TejiecHOH 0C03HaHH0CTH
    co3flaK )T pe3epByap TejiecHO -KHHecTeraHecKOH oco3HaHHOCTH, KOTopyio
    MM Ha3biBaeM TejiecHbiM nmejuieKTOM . TaKan TejiecHaa oco3HaHHOCTb
    CTaHOBHTCH Ba KHblM 3JieMeHTOM
    ^ pa3peiIieHHfl nCHXOJIOrHHeCKOH TpaBMbI
    H cnoco6cTByeT ac])c})eKTOB, npHHHTHH pe-
    3flopoBbio B peryjiHpoBaHHH
    nieHHH , Me KJIHHHOCTHblX OTHOHieHHHX, o6meHHH H pa3BHTHH 3MnaTHH
    ^
    [ Damasio , 1994 , 1999]. TTO6M jiynme noHHTb cjio^cHOCTb BonpocoB, CBH -
    HHTeJIJieKTOM B KOHTeKCTe JieneHH
    3aHHbIX C TeJieCHOCTbK) H TejiecHbiM
    ^
    nocTTpaBMaTHHecKoro CTpeccoBoro paccTpoftcTBa, AOJDKHM rjiySace
    MBI
    H3yHHTb ]
    ( ) H3HOJIOrHHeCKHe H HeBpOJIOTHHeCKHe OCHOBbI 3MOIJHH , CTpeCCa,
    TpaBMbI H 3/HOpOBbH.

    HEHPOBHOJIOrHH CTPECCA H TPABMBI


    Mo3r pa3BHBaeTC^ HepapxHnecKH CHH3y BBepx H H3HyTpn Hapymy, OT-
    pa >KaH npoijecc pa3BHTHH , npn KOTOPOM BepxHue M03roBbie uempbi pery -
    JIHpyiOT npHMHTHBHyiO peaKTHBHOCTb HH 2ECHHX H IjeHTpaJIbHbIX M03T0BbIX
    aempOB [ Perry , 2001; Schore , 2001a]. HH3iiiHe CTpyKTypbi M03ra , TaKHe
    KaK CTBOJI M03ra H M 035KeH0 K , KOHTpOJIHpyiOT }KH3HeHHO BaKHbie (])yHKIJHH
    BereTaTHBHOH HepBHoii CHCTeMbi, TaKHe KaK nozmepxaHHe TeMnepaTypbi
    Tejia , cep/ jeHHbix coKpameHHH, AbixaHHe, paBHOBecne, rjioTaHHe
    nacTOTa
    H KOHTpojib MoneBoro ny3bipn. 3TH npHMHTHBHbie CTpyKTypbi M03ra , oco-
    6eHHO M035KenoK, nrpaiOT BaacHyio pojib B ztBHaceHHHX rjia3 H 3pHTejibHO-o-
    pHeHTHpOBOHHOH peaKijHH Ha yrpo3bi B oKpyjKaiomeH cpezie. KpoMe TOTO,
    rojiy6oe nnTHO, pacnojicmeHHoe B CTBOJie rojiOBHoro M03ra , ynacTByeT
    B aKTHBai HH 3aiIJHTHbIX peaKIJHH Ha CTpeCC H | ( ) H3HHeCKHX CHMnTOMOB,
    ^
    CBH3aHHbix co CTpaxoM, TaKHx KaK npeyBejiHHeHHan peaKijHH B3 parHBa -
    ^
    HHH , ynameHHoe cep ije6HeHHe , rHnepBeHTHjiflijHfl, noBbimeHHoe Mbimen -
    ^
    Hoe HanpjDKeHHe, cyxocTb BO pTy H 6OJIB B KHineHHHKe [ Ford , Grasso , Elhai
    & Courtois, 2015]. 3TH peaKijHH HH3inero M 03ra rjiy6oKO B3aHMOCBH3aHbi
    co CTpyKTypaMH JIHM6HH6CKOH CHCTeMbi , KOTopbie o6pa6aTbiBaiOT HHcJiop-
    MaijHio o 3anaxax HJIH (JiepoMOHax B oKpyacaiomeH cpezje juin o6Hapy >KeHHH
    DiaBa 2 & HaynHbie OCHOBW TejiecHO-opHeHTHpOBaHHOH ncuxoTepariHH 49

    noTeHUHajibHbix napTHepoB HJIH XHIUHHKOB. JluM 6 mecKne o6 jiac M03ra


    pa3BHJiHCb H3 o6oHHTejibHOH CHCTeMbi H o6ecneHHBaiOT HeiipoHHyK) OCHO-
    By JXJIR BOcnoMHHaHHH H SMOIJHH [ Joseph, 1996 ].
    B JIHM6HH6CKOH CHCTeMe MHHAajieBHAHoe Tejio H rannoKaMn pa6oiaiOT
    BMeCTe AJIH KO£HpOBaHHfl H H3BJieHeHHfl BOCnOMHHaHHH. O HaKO y HHX
    ^
    oneHb pa3Hbie pojiH. MHHAajieBHAHoe Tejio B nepByio onepe# b OTBenaeT 3a
    3MOu,noHajibHoe coAepacaHHe BOcnoMHHaHHH , a rnnnoKaMn HrpaeT Baamyio
    pOJIb B ZI,OJirOBpeMeHHOM 3anOMHHaHHH (})aKTOB. JlHM6 HHeCKHe CTpyKTypbl
    roJiOBHoro M03ra , Hrpaiomne ijeHTpajibHyio pojib B npoH3BOACTBe H BM-
    pa^ceHHH 3MOUHH , — 3TO TajiaMyc, ranoTajiaMyc, MHHAajieBHAHoe Tejio,
    rannoKaMn H nepeAHHH noflCHan Kopa. TajiaMyc HanpaBJineT ceHcopHyio
    —
    HHcJiopMaijHio B Kopy roJiOBHoro M03ra, a npn CTpecce npnMO B MHHAajie-
    BHAHoe Tejio [ LeDoux, 1996 ]. Pa3MepoM ranoTajiaMyc npHMepHO KaK apa-
    XHC , OAHaKO OH peryjiHpyeT BereTaTHBHyio HepBHyio CHCTeMy nepe3 CBH3B
    c rHno4> H30M. Kor a TajiaMyc H MHHAajieBHAHoe Tejio aKTHBH3HpyiOTC5i
    ^
    npw CTpecce, ranoTajiaMyc HHHLjHHpyeT PHA AGHCTBHH B SHAOKPHHHOH
    CHCTEME \ j RSi BbicBo6o}KAeHHa ropMOHOB H 3anycxa peaKijHH opraHH3Ma ,
    CBH3aHHbIX CO CTpeCCOM. IbpMOHbl H HeHpOTpaHCMHTTepbl HHHIJHHpyiOT
    KacKaA peaKUHH nepe3 HepBHbie nyra H xHMHnecKHe BemecTBa B KPOBO-
    TOKe, HTO npHBOAHT K 3MOU.HHM H (J) H3HHeCKHM OIIjymeHHHM BO BCeM TeJie.
    Jle y [ LeDoux, 1996] onncbiBaeT MHHAajieBHAHoe Tejio KaK “ crynmiy
    ^
    B KOJiece cTpaxa” , AOHCTByiomyio KaK CHCTeMa npeAynpe>KAeHHfl JXJIR MO3-
    ra H Tejia B cjiynae Heo6xoAHMOCTH. MHHAajieBHAHoe Tejio npeACTaBjineT
    CO6OH He6ojibinyio, HO cjiojKHyio cTpyKTypy M03ra, OTBenaiomyio 3a BOC-
    npHHTHe, noHHMaHHe H Bbipa ceHHe SMOUHH. Ha caMOM AeJie B M03re ecTb
    ^
    ABa MHHAajieBHAHbix Tejia — no OAHOMy B jieBOM H npaBOM nojiymapHHX.
    IlpaBoe MHHAajieBHAHoe Tejio ynacTByeT B 6ecco3HaTejibHOM 3M0 ijH0Hajib-
    HOM BOCnpHHTHH , a JieBOe MHHAajieBHAHoe TejIO CBH3aHO C o6pa6oTKOH
    0C03HaHHbIX 3MOIJHH. IIpaBOe MHHAajieBHAHoe TeJIO Heo6xOAHMO JXJIR CKa -
    HHpOBaHHH OKpy KaiomeH cpeAbi HJIH OSBCKTOB Ha npeAMeT noTeHunajib-
    ^
    ^
    HOH onacHocTH H nepeAaeT 3Ty HH opMaunio B ranoTajiaMyc, AGHCTBYN
    B KanecTBe CHCTeMbi npeAynpeacAeHHH , HTo6 bi HHHijHHpoBaTb OTBeTbi
    BereTaTHBHOH HepBHOH CHCTeMbi. KpoMe TOTO, npaBoe nojiyniapne M03ra
    AOMHHHpyeT B TeneHHe nepBbix Tpex jieT )KH3HH nejiOBeKa H HrpaeT ijeH -
    TpajibHyio pojib B o6ecneneHHH noBeACHHH npHBH3aHHOCTH H o6pa6oTKe
    COAHajIbHOH HJIH 3MOU, HOHaJIbHOH HH|
    ( )OpMaUHH , BKJIIOHaH 3MOIJHOHaJIb -
    Hbie COCTOHHHH Apyrax JIIOACH. MHHAajieBHAHoe Tejio o6Hapy^cHBaeT
    50 HacTb 1 OcHOBHbie KOHuenuHH

    3MOUHOHajibHbie HioaHCbi B penH , MHMHKe H H 3biKe Tejia H OTBenaeT 3a


    niHpoKHH cneKTp nepeACHBaHHH , BKAionaH AyxoBHbie COCTOHHHH , AIOOOBB,
    3KCTa3 , CTpax H yAcac .
    MHHAajieBH,aHoe Tejio TaioKe xpaHHT BocnoMHHaHHA o
    HayneHHbix
    3MOUHOHaJIbHbIX peaKJJHHX.
    ^
    pyrHMH CJIOBaMH, nOBTOpHIOmHeCH 3MOIJHO-
    HajibHbie peaKUHH MoryT CTaTb o6ycjioBJieHHbiMH. 06
    ycAOBAHBaHHe 3TO —
    npouecc, 6 jiaro#apfl KOTopoMy ACHBOTHbie MoryT Bbipa6aTbmaTb peaKijHH
    Ha pa3ApaACHTeAH OKpyAcaiomen cpeaw. Co BpeMeHeM , no Mepe Toro Kaic
    3TH peaKI HH nOBTOpHKDTCH , OHH CTaHOBHTCH aBTOMaTHHeCKHMH H
    ^ J -
    ( )Op

    MHpyiOT ocHOBy npHBbineK. 3MOU;HH


    CTpaxa HrpaeT BaACHyio pojib B o6y -
    CJIOBJIHBaHHH , nOCKOJIbKy CHJIbHbie 3MOIJHH , B03HHKaK> mHe B COHeTaHHH
    c BHeniHHMH pa3ApaACHTeAHMH, CTaHOBHTcn napHbiMH [ Adolphs, Denburg
    & Tranel, 2001; Gabrieli , 1998; LeDoux, 1996]. KoHAemjHA o6ycjiOBjieHHo-
    oOecnenHBaeT ocHOBy
    CTH CTpaxoM
    MaTHnecKoro CTpeccoBoro
    ^JIH noHHMaHHA CHMHTOMOB nocTTpaB-
    paccTpoftcTBa. HanpHMep, BeiepaH , noABepr -
    IHHHCA onacHbiM B3pbiBaM BO BpeMH 6OH, MoaceT c yAcacoM OTpearnpoBaTb
    Ha HeO CHAaHHblH XJIOnOK H3 BbIXJIOnHOH Tpy6 bl aBTOMo6 HJIH , Aa Ke eCAH
    ^ ^
    onacHocTH B AaHHbift MOMCHT HeT. YcAOBHbie coMaTHnecKne COCTOAHHH ,
    TaKHe KaK ynameHHoe cepAAeOneHHe , ycHjieHHoe AbixaHHe , noTAHBocTb
    HAH 3aMep3aHHe, MoryT BHOBb nOABHTbCH npH HaAHHHH pa3ApaACHTeAeH ,
    HanoMHHaiomHx neAOBeKy o nepeACHTOH ncHxoAorHnecKOH TpaBMe.
    Mo3r o6pa6aTbiBaeT nocTynaiomyio ceHCopHyio HHcjDopMaijHK) AByMn
    cnocoOaMH: npeKorHHTHBHbiM H nocTKorHHTHBHbiM. npeKorHHTHBHan
    ceHCopHan HH ( j)opMaAHH HanpaBAneTcn H3 TaAaMyca npnMo B MHHAaAe-
    BHAHoe TeAo, HTO no3BOAAeT CBoeBpeMeHHO pearnpoBaTb Ha noTeHunaAb-
    Hyio onacHOCTb. C TOHKH 3peHHH SBOAIOAHH 3TO BaACHO. HanpHMep , ecAH
    BM BCTpeTHTe AbBa B AHKOH npnpoAe, 6bmo 6bi pa3yMHo 6eAcaTb 6bicTpo,
    a He TpaTHTb BpeMH Ha pa3MbmiAeHHH 06 3TOM. JleJXy onncbiBaeT cxeMy
    npeABHAeHHH KaK “ cHdeMy ObicTpon H rpy6ofl o6 pa6oTKH ” [ LeDoux, 1996,
    p. 163] , KOTopan He coo6maeT MHHAaAeBHAHOMy TeAy, HTO OHO omymaeT,
    a TOAbKO HH 4)OpMHpyeT O nOTeHHHaAbHOH OnaCHOCTH. B nOCTKOrHHTHB-
    HOH ijenn TaAaMyc nocbmaeT ceHcopHyio HH opMaijHio B npec}) poHTaAb-
    ^
    HyK) Kopy, HTO n 03B0AAeT TOHHee nOHATb CHTyaAHIO.
    npec|)poHTaAbHaA Kopa o6i>eAHHHeT HH opMaijHK) 06 omymeHHnx
    ^
    H 3M0 LHHAX C BOCnOMHHaHHHMH O npOIHAOM H IjeAHMH Ha 6yAyHjee. B HaCTHO -
    CTH , IIIop [ Schore, 1994 , 2001a ] HAeHTH ( j) HAHpyeT nacTb npecjDpoHTaAbHOH
    KOpbl , Op6 HTO(}) pOHTaAbHyiO KOpy, KOTOpan AOMOHCTpHpyeT TOpM03AmHH
    DiaBa 2 <& HayMHbie OCHOBM TejiecHO-opneHTHpoBaHHOH ncnxoTepanHH 51

    KOHTpOJIb HaA 3MOUHHMH JIHM 6HHeCKOH CHCTeMbl. Op6HTO( ) pOHTaJIbHaH


    J
    Kopa , pacnojioaceHHafl B ocHOBaHHH JIO6HBIX AOJien H CBH3aHHan c pa6oneH
    naMHTbio, / jeiiCTByeT KaK u,eH3op HJIH coBecTb AJIH nejiOBeKa , KOTopbiH MoaceT
    noMOHb peryjiHpoBaTb SMOUHOHajibHoe BbipaaceHHe 6 jiaroAapH CBoen npa -
    6
    MOH CBH3H C JIHM HHeCKOH HaCTblO CpeAHeTO M 03ra. Op6 nTO(J) pOHTaJIbHyiO
    Kopy H MHH /i,ajieBH Hoe Tejio coeAHHHiOT AByHanpaBJieHHbie HenpoHHbie
    ^
    aenH. Mccjie OBaHHH Jlejxy noKa3ajm , HTO KOJIKHCCTBO HeiipoHOB, KOTopbie
    ^
    ^
    nepe/iaioT HH opMaijHio OT MHHAajieBHAHoro Tejia K Kope, ropa3AO 6ojib-
    rne, neM OT Kopbi o6paTHo K MHHAajieBHAHOMy Tejiy. KpoMe TOTO, cJ)yHKUH -
    OHHpOBaHHe npecJ) pOHTaJIbHOH KOpbl MOACeT 6bITb H3MeHeHO nOCTOHHHbIM
    B03 a,eScTBHeM TOPMOHOB dpecca, HTO npnBOAHT K HapyineHHK) ee TOPMO-
    ( ) yHKUHH. JIIOAH C TpaBMHpyiomHM aHaMHe30 M , oco6eHHO c nocT-
    3nmeii J
    TpaBMaTHHeCKHM CTpeCCOBbIM paCCTpOHCTBOM , CKJIOHHbl K “3aTOnjieHHK>
    3MOAHHMH . ToyjiMaH [ Goleman , 1995] Ha3biBaeT STOT npouecc SMOIJH-
    OHaJIbHblM 3aXBaTOM ” , npH KOTOpOM MHHAaJieBHAHOe TeJIO HHHUiHHpyeT
    3aiHHTHyio peaKUHio Bcero Tejia eme AO TOTO, KaK HeoKopTeKC nojiHOCTbio
    oueHHT npoHCxoAHin ee..
    IlepeAHHH noHCHaa Kopa npeACTaBJineT CO6OH cjioacHyio CTpyKTypy M03-
    ra , KOTopan coeAHHneT HHHCHHe H BepxHue o6 jiac M03ra. 3Ta CTpyKTypa
    HrpaeT pojib B o6HapyHceHHH KOHC])JIHKTOB , ynacTByeT B BbipanceHHH TpeBO-
    rn H3-3a pa3JiyKH y MJia eHueB H HrpaeT pemaiomyio pojib B pa3BHTHH no-
    ^
    Be eHHH npHBH3aHHOCTH MeyKjxy MaTepnMH H MjiaaeHuaMH. BeHTpajibHan
    ^
    AOJIH nepe Hefl noncHOH Kopbi CBH3aHa c MHHAajieBHAHbiM TejiOM H TH-
    ^
    noTajiaMycoM H ynacTByeT B nepepa6oTKe 3MOUHOHajibHOH HHcJjopMaijHH.

    ^ opcajibHan AOJIH nepeflHeft IIOHCHOH Kopbi CBH3aHa c npe(]) poHTajibHOH


    Kopoft H ynacTByeT B ycHJieHHH pecJx/ieKCHBHbix H KorHHTHBHbix cnoco6-
    HOCTeii. Ba ^KHO OTMeTHTb, HTO cymecTByeT peuHnpoKHoe noAaBjieHHe OT-
    ^3aAaHH J
    ejibHbix ( >yHKUHH nepeAHeii noncHOH Kopbi, npn
    KOTOPOM KorHHTHBHbie
    aKTHBHpyioT AopcajibHyio nacTb H npeAOTBpamaioT “ 3aTonjieHHe
    3MOHHHMH [ Corrigan, 2002 ]. PeunnpoKHoe noAaBjieHHe B nepeAHefi no-
    HCHOH Kope HrpaeT BaacHyio pojib B noHBjieHHH HJIH noBTopHOM nepe>KHBa -
    HHH CHMnTOMOB nOCTTpaBMaTHHeCKOTO CTpeCCOBOTO paCCTpOHCTBa , KOTAa
    aKTHBauHH BeHTpajibHoir AOJIH nepeAHeii noncHOH Kopbi noAaBJineT pery-
    jinpyiomyio 4> yHKAHio ee AopcajibHOH AOJIH [ Kaye , 2008].
    CoMaToceHcopHan Kopa TaKHce HrpaeT BancHyio pojib B 3MOAHOHajib-
    HOM 3AopoBbe. /JaMacHo [ Damasio, 1994 , 1999 ] BBCJI TepMHH “ rnnoTe-
    3a o coMaTHHecKHx MapKepax ” AAH onncaHHH npoijecca , nocpeACTBOM
    52 HacTb 1 &P OcHOBHwe KOHiienimn

    KOTOpOrO 3MOIJHH H OmymeHHH CTaHOBHTCH MexaHH3MaMH o6yHeHHH


    H MoryT ncnojib30 BaTbCfl /yin nporH03HpoBaHHH 6y,aymHx pe3yjibTaTOB.
    HaMacHO pa3JiHnaeT SMOIJHH H nyBCTBa. SMOIJHH OTO BHcijepajibHbie
    TejiecHbie -
    COCTOHHHH , CBH3aHHbie c HeftpoHHbiMH narrepHaMH B JIHM 6HH 6
    CKOH CHCTeMe M03ra . Ozmaico nyBCTBo B03HHicaeT TOJIBKO Tor a, Korzna MBI
    ^ /JaMacHo
    oco3HaeM (J) H3HHecKoe omymeHHe, Bbi3BaHHoe 3M 0ijHeH. /Jajiee
    npOBO HT pa3JIHHHe Me C y (}) OHOBbIM HyBCTBOM H SMOUHOHajIbHblM ne-
    ^ ^ ^
    pe^cHBaHHeM. OH onpe/ jejineT (J)OHOBoe nyBCTBO KaK IIIHPOKHH Ha6op
    TejiecHbix omymeHHH , KOTopbie oSecnenHBaiOT y3HaBaeMoe omymeHHe

    ce6n . 3TOT “ jiaH nia( j)T Tejia ” o6ecneHHBaeT ropH30 HT, c KOToporo MBI
    ^
    nepe>KHBaeM BpeMeHHbie nojvbeubi H cnazmi 3MOU;HH. IIpe4) poHTajibHaH
    KOpa n 03B0JIHeT HaM C 03HaTeJIBH0 pa3MbIUIJIHTb O HaiHHX TejiecHbix omy -
    meHHHX , BKJIIOHaH BOCnpHHTHe £ BH)KeHHH , nOJTOHCeHHH , npocTpaHCTBeH -
    Horo BocnpHHTHH H 6OJIH . HccjieflOBaHHe / aMacHO c JHOZIBMH , y KOTopbix
    ^
    HapymeHO (J) yHKii;HOHHpoBaHHe npecjjpoHTajibHOH Kopw , noKa3ajio , HTO
    noBpe eHHe STOH o6 jiacTH M03ra npHBomrr K HenpaBHjibHOMy npn -
    ^
    HHTHIO pemeHHH H HapymeHHK) CHOCO6HOCTH njiaHHpoBaTb 6y#ymee. Y
    TaKHx jno eft omymeHHH H SMOUHH 6ojibme He MoryT Hcnojib30BaTbcn
    ^
    B KanecTBe HanpaBjiniomeH HH (J) opMauHH. KoMnac CMymeHHH HJIH BHHBI
    6ojibine He ocTyneH /yin 3THX JiKmen, noTOMy HTO OHH He BoenpHHH -
    ^
    MaiOT (J) H3HHeCKHe omymeHHH. OHH CTaJIH CHJIbHO COCpe OTOHeHHblMH
    ^
    Ha HeMezmeHHOM yjjOBJieTBopeHHH CBOHX noTpe6 HOCTen , yiparajm cno-
    co6HOCTb npe BHAeTB BJiHHHHe CBoero TeKymero Bbi6opa Ha 6y/iiymee , H B
    ^
    pe3yjibTaTe CTpa aeT HX npo eccHOHajibHan H jiHHHan >KH3Hb. ,/JaMacHO
    ^ ^
    npHineji K BbiBo y, HTO pecJmeKCHBHoe oco3HaHHe HHTepouenTHBHOH
    ^
    H nponpHouenTHBHOH o6 paTHOH CBH3H HH (J)opMHpyeT o HarneM nepencH -
    BaHHH 3MOIJHH H n 03B0JIHeT HaM peryjIHpOBaTb COCTOHHHH B036 yHCZi;eHHH
    H npHHHMaTB npaBHjibHbie pemeHHH B HameH HCH3HH .
    Bee 3MoijHOHajibHbie BbipanceHHH onocpe OBaHbi BereTaraBHOH HepB-
    ^
    HOH CHCTeMOH , nocKOJibKy OHa JIH6O Mo6njiH3yeT SHepraio nocpe cTBOM
    ^
    CHMnaTHHecKOH aKTHBaijHH , JIH6O coxpaHneT 3HepTHio nocpe CTBOM na -
    ^
    pacHMnaTHnecKOH peaicijHH. BereTaTHBHan HepBHan CHCTeMa no pa3 e-
    jineTCH Ha CHMnaTHHecKyio H napacHMnaTHHecKyio HepBHbie CHCTeMbi .
    ^ ^
    CnMnaTHHecKan HepBHan CHCTeMa CBH3aHa c peaKinneH “6en HJIH 6ern ”
    H BBi6 pocoM KopTH30Jia B KpOBB. riapacnMnaTHHecKan HepBHan CHCTe -
    Ma T0 pM03HT CHMnaTHHecKyio HepBHyiO CHCTeMy, nOOTOMy OpraHH3M
    nepecTaeT BbmejiHTb xHMHHecKHe BemecTBa CTpecca H nepeKmonaeTcn
    DiaBa 2 & HaynHbie OCHOBM TejiecHO-opneHTHpOBaHHOH ncuxoTepanuM 53

    Ha paccjia6 jieHHe , nnmeBapeHHe H pereHepaunio. CHMnaTHHecicaH H napa-


    CHMnaTHHecKan HepBHbie CHCTeMbi AOJUKHM pa6oTaTb B PHTMHHHOM nepe-
    OBaHHH , HTO no,zmep >KHBaeT 3 opoBoe nHiueBapeHHe, COH H (JiyHicijHOHH-
    ^pOBaHHe HMMyHHOH CHCTeMbi.
    ji,

    npHMenaTejibHO, HTO napacHMnaTHHecicaH HepBHan CHdeMa Taioice


    ynacTByeT B peaicijHHX Ha ncHxojiorHHecKHe TpaBMbi , CBH3aHHbix c HMMO-
    6HjiH3au,HeH . J napacHMnaTHHecicoH HepB-
    HOH CHCTeMbi
    H AHCCOUHauiHeH
    ' ^ Be ( ) yHKijHH

    o6 bHCHHK)TCH nojiHBarajibHOH Teopneii jjOKTopa CTHBeHa


    IIopa,5Keca [Forges, 1995, 2007, 2011], KOTopan (])OKycHpyeTCH Ha 6 jiy5K a-
    iomeM HepBe. EjiyacftaiomHH HepB — STO a,ecHTbm nepenHOH HepB, coejxn-
    ^
    HHIOmHH TOJIOBHOH M03T C JKeJiyjJKOM , KHHieHHHKOM, CepJUjeM , JieTKHMH ,
    ropjioM H jiHueBbiMH Mbimu;aMH. Boo6m,e roBopn , 6 jiy >Klzi;aiomHH HepB oica -
    3bIBaeT T0pM03HHI,ee BJIHflHHe Ha ceptflje H Ha aKTHBHOCTb CHMnaTHHeCKOH
    HepBHOH CHCTeMbi. /JJIH onHcaHHH pa6oTbi 6;iy}KAaiomero HepBa riopjpicec
    Hcnojib3yeT MeTacJiopy HaacaTHH Ha TopM03 npn BoacfteHHH aBTOMo6HJin.

    yaajieHHe napacHMnaTHHecicoro uTopM03a 6 jiy5K aiomero HepBa ” Bbi3brea -


    ^
    eT yBejiHneHHe nacTOTbi cep CHHbix coicpameHHH H 6ojibinyio yn 3BHMOCTb
    ^
    K CTpeCCOBbIM peaKUHHM , CBH3aHHbIM C CHMnaTHHeCKOH HepBHOH CHCTe-
    MOH. “ BeHTpajibHbiH fijiy ” — STO BCTBB 6 jiy ic/i aiome-
    ^aiomHH KOMnjieKc

    ro HepBa, jjyHKijHOHHpyiomaH Kaic yTOHneHHbiH TopM 03 CHMnaTHHeCKOH


    (
    } ,

    HepBHOH CHCTeMbi. Ilop ec Ha3biBaeT STO “ HepBHOH CHCTe -


    ^ coijHajibHon
    MOH H OTMenaeT, HTO OHa o6 aaeT peryjmpyiomHM, ycnoKaHBaiomHM
    jia,

    cJieKTOM, 6a-
    H ycnoKaHBaiomHM
    HHHX Bapna6 ^
    ac
    ejibHOCTH cep/ieHHoro
    HTO Bbipa caeTcn B pnTMHHecKHx KOJie
    pHTMa.
    ^
    Bjiy
    ^aiomnn HepB nepejjaeT
    ( )OpMaLIHK) B 0p6HT
    HHTepOU,enTHBHyiO HH| 04> p0HTaJIbHyi0 Kopy O MTHO-
    BeHHblX H3MeHeHHHX B BereTaTHBHOM B036y C/l,eHHH , HTO nOA/J,epXHBaeT
    ^
    [Schore, 2001a]. CoijHajibHan HepBHan CHCTeMa
    ^
    AencTBHH caMoperyjiHi HH
    yKpenjineTCH noBTOpHOH npaKTHKOH , KOTopan 3HpyeT HepBHbie
    MHejiHHH

    nyTH. MHejiHHH3aijHH OTO acnpoBoe noKpbiTHe HepBOB, KOTopoe o6 pa3y -


    eTCH B pe3yjibTaTe MHoroKpaTHoro Hcnojib30BaHHH H npHBOjjHT K yBejmne-
    HHIO CKOpOCTH H KOHTpOJIfl.
    Kor#a B03HHKaeT CTpecc HJIH jno6oe nepeacHBaHHe yrpo3bi, Mbi CHanajia
    nojiaraeMCH Ha coijHajibHyio HepBHyio CHCTeMy, HTo6 bi BOCCTaHOBHTb nyB -

    CTBO CBH3H H 6e3onacHOCTH. 0# HaKO, ecjiH counajibHaH HepBHan CHCTeMa


    He cnpaBjineTCH co CTpeccoM , MBI nocTeneHHO npH6eraeM K 6ojiee CTapbiM
    3BOJHOUHOHHbIM CTpaTeTHHM . 3aTeM Mbi npHBJieKaeM AGHCTBHH CHMna-
    THHeCKOH HepBHOH CHCTeMbi, TBKHe KaK 6opb6a HJIH 6eTCTBO, KOTOpbie
    54 HacTb 1 & OcHOBHbie KOHuemjHH

    6
    Mo liJIH3yK)T Hac flJIfl CaM03amHTbI. ECJIH CHMnaTHHeCKOH HepBHOH CH -
    CTeMe He y 6e3onacHOCTb, MH no yMOJinaHHio o6pa-
    aeTcn BoccTaHOBHTb
    ^
    maeMcn K caMOH npHMHTHBHOH nac 6 jiy)Kftaiomero HepBa, jjopcajibHOMy
    6 jry^czi;aK)meMy KOMnjieKcy. 3Ta SBOJIIOIJHOHHO 6ojiee CTapaa CTpaTernn
    3aAeHCTByeT napacHMnaTHnecKyio HepBHyio CHCTeMy rpy6 biM o6 pa30M ,
    KOTopbift Ilopaxeec Ha3biBaeT pe3KHM TopMO^KeHHeM 6 jiyaczi;aiomero HepBa.
    3/necb napacHMnaTHHecKan HepBHan cncTeMa 3a#eHCTByeT o6e3£BH>KHBa-
    lomne 3am:HTHbie eftcTBHH, TaKHe KaK O6MOPOK HJIH CHMyjiHijHH CMepTH.
    ^
    Baaoio OTMeTHTb, HTO KaK BeHTpajibHbiH KOMnjieKC 6 jiy cziiaiomero HepBa,
    ^
    TaK H KOMnjieKC AopcajibHoro 6 jiy}KAaiomero HepBa HHrH6HpyioT CHMnaTH -
    necKyio HepBHyio CHCTeMy.
    IIopjoKec BBOAHT TepMHH “ HeHpoijenijHH ” jsjin onncaHHH cnoco6oB,
    c noMombio KOTopbix HepBHan CHCTeMa onpe ejineT, HBJIHIOTCH JIH cmy-
    ^
    auiHH HJIH JIIO H 6e3onacHbiMH, onacHbiMH HJIH yrpo^caiomHMH JKH3HH.
    ^
    HeHpouemjHn MoaceT nponcxo HTb oco3HaHHO HJIH Heoco3HaHHO. Baamo
    ^
    OTMeTHTb, HTO JIIO£ H C £JIHTeJIbHbIM B03 eHCTBHeM XpOHHHeCKOH TpaBMbI
    ^
    MoryT noTepnTb cnoco6HOCTb TOHHO onpe/ jejinTb, HBJIHIOTCH JIH JIIO H HJIH
    MecTa 6e3onacHbiMH HJIH 3acjiy >KHBaiomHMH OBepnn [ Ogden & Minton,
    ^
    ^
    2014 ]. XpoHHnecKoe TpaBMaTHnecKoe B03,n;eHCTBHe MO >KeT npHBecTH JIH6O
    K nOBbIHieHHOH HyBCTBHTeJIbHOCTH , JIH6O K Ji;eceHCH6HJIH3ai];HH HepBHOH
    CHCTeMbi. OneHb HyBCTBHTejibHbifi HJIH cBepx6ftHTejibHbiH KJIHCHT MoaceT
    CTajiKHBaTbcn c noBTopmomHMHcn JIOJKHBIMH cpa6aTbiBaHHHMH , o6Hapy -

    ^CHBan yrpo3y ftaace TaM, r^e HeT pncKa jyin 6e3onacHOCTH. HanpoTHB, jxe-
    CeHCH6HJIH3HpOBaHHbIH KJIHeHT MOJKeT HTHOpHpOBaTb npH3HaKH yrp03bl H ,
    CJiejlOBaTeJIbHO, 6 bITb CKJIOHHbIM K B3aHMOfteHCTBHIO C JIIOflbMH , OKpyJKe -

    HHeM HJIH noBe eHHeM c BBICOKHM PHCKOM.


    ^
    06paTHTe BHHMaHHe, HTO Hccjie oBaHHH noKa3biBaiOT pa3Hbie peaKijHH
    ^
    Ha CTpecc y MyacHHH H 5KeHiiiHH. CeHiuiHHbi MoryT 6 biTb 6ojiee CKJIOHHBIMH
    ^
    K noBe/ jeHHio “ 3a6oTbcn H no/npyacHCb ” , HTO6BI BoccTaHOBHTb 6e3onacHyio
    CBH3B B OTHOHieHHHX , CTpeMHCb K 6 jIH30CTH C flpyTHMH , TOTJX 2L KaK My >KHH -
    Hbi MoryT 6 biTb 6ojiee CKJIOHHBIMH K noBejjeHHio “ 6en HJIH 6erH ” B ijejinx
    caMOo6opoHbi [ Taylor et al., 2000]. TeM He MeHee , B uejiOM, MO>KeT 6 biTb
    nojie3HbiM paccMaTpHBaTb HeHpo6HOJiorHio ncHxojiorHnecKOH TpaBMbi KaK
    npouecc, npoHCxo nmHH Ha CTaziHnx 3amHTHoro B3aHMO£eHCTBHH. Illayap
    ^
    H 3ji6epT [ Schauer & Elbert, 2010 ] Ha3biBaiOT STO nocjie/ jCTBHe peaKUHH
    Ha TpaBMy 3aMHpaHHeM, 6ercTBOM , 6opb6on , ncnyroM, ( jjjiaroM H O6MOPO-
    KOM. PaccMOTpHM HX MOjjejib noji po6Hee.
    1
    DiaBa 2 HayHHbie OCHOBH TejiecHO-opneHTHpOBaHHOH ncHxoTepanmi 55

    • 3aMHpaHHe . HanajibHbiH 3Tan pearnpoBaHHH Ha noTeHUHajibHyio


    onacHOCTb BKJiiOHaeT B ce 6n 3aMHpaHHe. IIOAO6HO ojieHio, 3acTHTHyTO-
    My Bpacnjiox J> apaMH , 3aMnpaHne BKJiiOHaeT B ce6n aKTHBaijHio CHMna-
    (

    THHeCKOH HepBHOH CHCTeMbI H OpHeHTHpOBOHHblH pe(J) jieKc, BpO C/teH -


    ^
    Hbm HMnyjibc HanpaBHTb BauiH opraHbi nyBCTB B CTopoHy HCTOHHHKa
    CTHMyJIHUHH. 3 ecb uejlb COCTOHT B TOM , HTo6 bI OCTaHOBHTbCH, nOCMO -
    ^
    TpeTb H nocjiymaTb, HTO6M Jiynme noHHTb CHTyaunio H onpe/iejiHTb,
    ecTb JIH yrpo3a. 3paHKH paciimpniOTCH a, rojiOBa noBopanuBaeTCH
    K 3ByKaM HJIH 3peJIHmaM , KOTOpbie BbI3BaJIH HHTepeC HJIH 6eCnOKOH -
    CTBO. DiaBHOH OCo6eHHOCTbK) 3aMHpaHHH HBJIHeTCH TO, HTO OHO nponc-
    XOAHT npH no roTOBKe K ACHCTBHIO H HBJIHCTCH HeAOJiroBenHbiM.
    ^
    • EercTBo H 6OH. Brapan H TpeTbn CTaAHH peaxijHH noAAepjKHBaioTCH
    CHMnaTHHecKOH HepBHoii -
    CHCTCMOH , KOTopan objiernaeT Mo6 njiH3a
    AJIH 6ercTBa HJIH 6OH. 3TOT npouecc noApa3yMeBaeT nepBOHa -
    U, HK)
    najibHbie nonbiTKH 6ercTBa OT onacHOCTH H , npn H6 BO3MO CHOCTH 6er-
    ^
    CTBa , npHBOAHT K BKJIIOHeHHIO OTBeTHOH peaKijHH. CHMnaTHHeCKaH
    HepBHan CHCTeMa yBejiHHHBaeT npHTOK KpOBH K cep/my H MbinmaM
    pyK H HOR, HTO conpoBO KAaeTCfl 6ojiee 6bicTpbiM H rjiy6oKHM Abixa-
    ^
    HueM. 0 /iHOBpeMeHHO xojio/ieeT Koaca H TOPMO3HTCH nHmeBapeHHe.

    • Hcnyr. HeTBepTan CTaAHH HacTynaeT, Kor/ ja 6ercTBO HJIH 6opb6a He


    BoccTaHaBjiHBaioT 6e3onacHOCTb. Kor/ia Bbixo/ ja HeT, CTpax 6epeT

    Bepx C HyBCTBOM naHHKH , TOJIOBOKpyJKeHHH , TOHIHOTbl , AypHOTbl,


    noKajibiBaHHH H OHeMeHHH. CorjiacHO Illaapy H 3ji6epTy [ Schauer

    & Elbert , 2010], 3Ta CTaAHH CHHTaeTCH ABOHHOH BereTaTHBHOH aK -


    THBailHeH npOHBJIHIOmeHCH B pe3KHX H 6eCCBH3HbIX HepeAOBaHHHX
    ACHCTBHH CHMnaTHnecKOH H AopcajibHoii 6 jiyjKzi,aioiueH napacHMna -
    THHeCKOH HepBHOH CHCTeMbI. HMCHHO Ha 3TOH CTa HH MbI BHflHM Ha ~
    HaJIbHbie CHMnTOMbI AHCCOIJHaiJHH.
    ^
    • CHHKaHHe . IlHTaH CTa^HH, CHHKaHHe, BKJiiOHaeT CHMnTOMbI KOJIJianCa,
    SecnoMomHOCTH H OTHanHHH, CHTHajiH3Hpyioiij;He o napacnMnarane-
    CKOH peaKu, HH HMMo6HjiH3auHH AopcajibHoro SjiyjKAaiomero HepBa.
    Ha 3TOH cTa HH npeobjiaAaiOT zjnccoijHaTHBHbie peaKiiiHH. 3aTpyAHH -
    ^
    IOTCH npOH3BOJIbHbie HHCJie peHb, 3ByKH CTaHOBHT -
    ABHJKeHHH , B TOM
    npeo6 jiazi;aeT OHeMeHne. HacTOTa
    CH oTAajieHHbiMH , 3peHHe HeneTKoe ,
    cepjienHbix coKpameHHH H apTepnajibHoe AaBJieHHe naziaiOT, HHor a
    pe3KO , HTO B pjme cjiynaeB npHBOAHT K rnecTOH CTa HH , obMopoKy.
    ^
    ^
    56 HacTb 1 GP OcHOBHbie KOHuenuHH

    • 06MOpOK. C TOHKH 3peHHH 3BOJIIOIJHH H BbDKHBaHHH o6MOpOK CJiy -


    JKHT HeCKOJIbKHM IjeJIflM. TeJIO npHHHMaeT ropH30
    ^ce-
    HTajibHoe nojio

    HHe, HTo6 bi ycHjiHTb KpoBOCHa6 ceHHe M03ra. KpoMe Toro,


    ^ rojiOBHoro

    O6MOPOK CBH3aH C OTBpameHHCM , 3MOIJHOHaJIbHOH peaKIIHeH , KOTO -


    pan OTBepraeT TOKCHHHBIH HJIH HAOBHTBIH MaTepnaji. Bbi cHBinaH
    ^
    acepTBa HJIH ftaace npocTO CBHAeTejib yacacHbix CO6BITHH, TaKHx KaK
    4> H3HHecKoe HJIH ceiccyajibHoe HacHJine, MO^ceT Bbi3BaTb Ba30 Barajib -
    HMH O 6MOPOK, TZUOKC H3BecTHbiH KaK flHcperyjiflijHH fijiyjKjjaiomero
    HepBa, KOTOpblH BbI3bIBaeT TOIHHOTy, nOTepK) KOHTpOJIH nan KHIIieH-
    HHKOM , pBOTy H nOTepiO C03HaHHH.

    /tHCCou;HaiiiHH B03HHKaeT Ha CTajiHHx Hcnyra, CHHKaHHH H o6MopoKa.


    CHMnTOMbI flHCCOIJHaiJHH BapbHpyiOTCH OT OTHOCHTeJIbHO JierKHX omy -
    meHHH 3aTyMaHeHHOCTH , COHJIHBOCTH HJIH Tpy/JHOCTeH C KOHIjeHTpaiJHeH
    BHHMaHHH RO OIIjymeHHH OHeMeHHH HJIH OTCTpaHeHHOCTH. B CaMbIX 3KC -
    TpeMajibHbix CHTyauHHx y RJIHCHTOB MoryT 6 biTb npoBajibi naMHTH HJIH
    nOTepn OmymeHHH BpeMeHH. Ba )KHO OTMeTHTb, HTO .ZJHCCOIJHaiJHH — 3TO
    He TOJibKO 6HOJiorHHecKaH peaKijHfl. Cnopee STO TaiGKe ncHxojiorHHecKan
    3amHTa , KOTopan OT ejmeT co3HaTejibHoe oco3HaHHe OT nyraioiuiHx nyBCTB
    ^
    HJIH BOcnoMHHaHHH [ van der Hart et al., 2006 ]. 3TO pacmenjieHHe BHyipn
    HH HBH yyMa yzjepacHBaeT SMOIJHH , omymeHHH H COCTOHHHH HeBbmocHMO-
    ^ ^
    ro B036yjKzi;eHH5i BHe caM 0C03HaHHH. TaKHM o6pa30M, noji; jiHccoHHaHHeH
    noHHMaeTCH OTKJHoneHHe OT Jiio6oro HeAonycTHMoro COCTOHHHH HepBHOH
    CHCTeMbI , KOTOpoe M 02KeT BKJIIOHaTb KaK THnOaKTHBHOe, TaK H THnepaKTHB-
    Hoe cocTOHHHe HepBHOH CHCTeMbi [ Ogden & Minton, 2014 ].
    Ba>KHO yHHTbiBaTb, HTO He Bee jnojtfi nepexo HT B THnepB036y}KjieHHe
    ^
    JXO rHnoB036y»czi;eHHH. XOTH MHorne JIIO H HcnbiTbiBaiOT peaKijHio rnnep-
    ^
    B036yjKjiieHHH , 3TO He Bcer a TaK. MeHbiiiHH npoueHT Jiiozieft cpa3y nepe-
    ^
    XO# HT B cocTOHHHe rnnoB036y)KAeHHH [ Ogden & Minton, 2014 ]. B TaKHx
    cjiynanx coijHajibHan H CHMnaTHHecKan HepBHbie CHCTeMbi MoryT He 3a eii-
    CTBOBaTbcn , H y nejiOBeKa HeMejyieHHO pa3BHBaeTcn AopcajibHan BarycHan
    ^
    napacHMnaTHHecKan peaKijHH. 3TOT THn peaKijHH MoaceT 6 biTb 6ojiee Bepo-
    HTHblM y JIIO /HeH C AJIHTeJIbHbIM paHHHM B03AeHCTBHeM nCHXOJIOTHHeCKOH
    TpaBMbi , y KOTOPHX HepBHan CHCTeMa (JiopMHpoBajiacb B onacHOH cpe e.
    ^-
    MjiajjeHeij, HanpHMep, He HMeeT BO3MOJKHOCTH 6eacaTb HJIH jjpaTbCH , noa
    TOMy OH ropa3£0 paHbine npn6eraeT K peaKijHHM HMMo6HjiH3au; HH H rnno-
    B036y>KjieHHH B pe3yjibTaTe peaKHHH Ha ncHxojiorHnecKyio TpaBMy. ECJIH
    DiaBa 2 HaynHbie OCHOBM TejiecHO - opHeHTHpoBaHHOH ncHxoTepanHH 57

    paHHHH TpaBMa pa3BHTHH JIHTCH ROJIYO , HepBHaH CHCTeMa MOtfeeT 6bITb


    ^
    HacTpoeHa Ha 3Ty peaicijmo rHnoB036y2XfleHHH.

    HEHPOBHOJIOraH nPHBH 3AHHOCTH


    BarycHan CHCTeMa pa3BHBaeTcn Meac/ jy cepeAHHOH nepBoro ro/ ja ;XH3HH
    H cepeAHHOH BToporo ro a >XH3HH , HTO coBna/iaeT c pa3BHTHeM OTHorne-
    ^
    HHH npHBH3aHHOCTH. Ha CHCTeMy 6 jiy CAaiomero HepBa CHJIBHO BjmneT
    ^
    KanecTBO paHHux B3aHMOOTHOineHHH MaTepw H pe6eHKa , nocKOJibKy TO-
    Hyc 6 jiy cAaioiij,ero HepBa MaTepn OKa3biBaeT CHJibHoe BJiHHHHe Ha TOHyc
    ^
    Ojiyxc aiomero HepBa pe6eHKa [ Porges, 1997]. OXCHTOIJHH, ropMOH, CBH -
    ^
    3aHHbm c npHBH3aHHOCTbio MaTepw H MJia eHija , Tax xe peryjrapyeTcn TO -
    ^ ^
    HycoM 6 jiy cAaiomero HepBa. KoopAHHHpoBaHHoe BbicBo6o c/i,eHHe OXCH -
    ^ ^
    TOUHHa B M03re BO BpeMH rpyflHOrO BCXapMJIHBaHHH CBH3aHO C HyBCTBOM
    npHBH3aHHOCTH MaiepH K pe6eHKy H ycHjiHBaeT npHBH3aHHOCTb MjiazneHua
    K MaTepH [ Insel , 2000; Schore , 2001a]. H Hao6opoT, 6 bijio noKa3aHO, HTO
    MaTepHHCKHH CTpeCC npHBO HT K 6oJiee BbICOKOMy ypOBHIO TOpMOHOB
    ^
    CTpecca y Mjia eHija. Co BpeMeHeM BMCOXHH ypoBeHb KopTH30Jia TOPMO3HT
    ^
    pa3BHTHe M03ra Mjia eHijeB [ Perry , 2001]. BBIJIO npo/ jeMOHCTpHpoBaHO,
    ^
    HTO 3TH paHHHe B03AeHCTBHH Ha HepBHyiO CHCTeMy pe6eHKa OKa3bIBaiOT
    a,ojirocpoHHoe BjiHHHHe Ha 6ojiee uo3 jxmoK> CHOCOSHOCTB K caMoperyjin -
    U,HH [ Bomstein & Suess , 2000].
    Teopnn npHBH3aHHOCTH onHCbmaeT, KaK MJia,a,eHij,bi H MajieHbKHe jxejw
    pearapyiOT, Kor a HX pa3Jiynax)T c HX OCHOBHBIM onexyHOM. SxcnepHMeHTbi
    ^
    Mapn 3iiHCBopT [ Ainsworth , 1969] c HeranHHHbiMH cmyauHHMH npHBe-
    JIH nOHBJieHHK) KJiaCCH(J) HKaij;HH HeTbipeX pa3HbIX BHflOB npHBH3aHHOCTH!
    6e3onacHan , TpeBoaman /H36eraK>maH, TpeBO^XHan /conpoTHBjraiomaHCH
    H He6e3onacHaa £e3opraHH30BaHHaH/zi,e3opHeHTHpoBaHHaH. MajieHbxne
    #e CHHTaiOTCH Ha/ jeacHO npHBH3aHHbiMH , ecjiH OHH HmyT poAHTejieii
    RJIH. yTemeHHH B TpyzjHbie BpeMeHa, HO Tax^xe MoryT HCCJie OBaTb CBOH MHP
    ^
    H HrpaTb. Ha e CHan npHBH3aHHOCTb c[) opMHpyeTCH, xor.ua onexyHbi npe#-
    ^ ^
    cxa3yeMbi, nocjieflOBaTejibHbi, cooTBeTCTByiOT CBOHM OMOIJHHM H AOcraTOH -
    HO OTBeTCTBeHHbie. Ha/ jeacHan npHBH3aHHOCTb Taxace yxpenjineTcn 3a cneT
    HacTpOHXH , xoTopan no3BOJineT onexyHy nyTxo pearapoBaTb Ha noipe6HO-
    CTH MajieHbxoro pe6eHxa. Taxan HacTponxa onpe ejineT Hcnojib30BaHHe
    ^
    HMH npHxocHOBeHHH, xojiHHecTBO 3pHTejibHoro xoHTaxTa, xanecTBO TOHa ro-
    jioca H BpeMH B3aHMO/i,eHCTBHH. Kor.ua onexyHbi aftexBarao HacrpaHBaioTCH
    58 HacTb 1 G? OcHOBHbie KOHuenijHH

    Ha nyBCTBa H noTpe6HOCTH MajieHbKoro pe6eHKa , OHH BOcnuTbiBaiOT y pe -


    6eHKa nyBCTBO Hepa3pbiBHOH CBH3H ueyKjxy pa3yMOM H TejiOM.
    H Hao6opoT, B 3KcnepHMeHTax SHHCBOPT y MjiazneHijeB pa3BHBajincb
    aM6 nBajieHTHbie HJIH HeHa,zi;e)KHbie CTHJIH npHBH3aHHOCTH , Kor a HX MaTe -
    ^
    PH o6bIHHO 6bIJIH HeBHHMaTeJIbHbl HJIH HenOCJieftOBaTeJIbHbl. 3TH MJiajieH -
    Hbi njiaKajiH name, aace icorji;a HX 6pajin Ha pyKH MaTepn , H oneHb Majio
    ^
    Hccjie OBajiH ORpy caiomyio HX cpeAy. Pa6oia OKTopa JXxcoHa Boyjibn
    ^ ^ ^
    [ Bowlby , 1983] H eHTH ] HiiHpOBaTb HeopraHH30BaHHbiH CTHJIB
    noMorjia
    ^ ( )

    npHBH3aHHOCTH , KOTOpblH CBH3aH C HenpejIiCKa3yeMbIM MaTepHHCKHM no-


    Be/ jeHHeM , HanpHMep, Kora HMejio MecTO acecTOicoe o6pameHHe H paHHHH
    ^
    ncHxojiorHHecKan TpaBMa. HepTbi oneKyHa , KOTopwe CBH3aHbi c #e3op-

    raHH30BaHH0H npHBH3aHHOCTbK), BKJHOHaiOT HeKOHTpojiHpyeMoe nOBe -


    AeHHe, npHMeHeHne cypoBbix Haica3aHHH H pe Koe obmeHHe c eTbMH.
    ^ ^
    HeyAHBHTejibHO, HTO HeyBepeHHO-,ae3opraHH30BaHHbie JXETH eMOHCTpH -
    pyiOT TpyAHOCTH B peryjmijHH COCTOHHHH B036y
    ^
    eHHH , nyBCTB H Mbicjien
    [ Schore , 2001b].
    ^
    IlepHOfl pa3BHTHH npHBH3aHHOCTH CHHTaeTCH HeHpO( j)H3HOJIOrHHe-
    CKHM OKHOM nJiaCTHHHOCTH, KOTOpoe HaHHHaeTCH BO BpCMH 6epeMeHHOCTH
    H npo BToporo ro a
    /iojDKaeTCH B TeneHHe )KH3HH . B 3TO BpeMH TO, HTO ne-
    ^
    pe>KHBaeT MjiajjeHeu, yicpenjineT H MHejiHHH3HpyeT O#HH HepBHbie nyra
    H no pe3aeT jxpyrne. Bo3£eHCTBHe TpaBMaTHHecKoro CTpecca B MJia eHne -
    ^
    CTBe npenHTCTByeT pa3BHTHio M03ra [ Perry , 2001; Schore , 2001b]. Hnflce
    ^
    nepenHCJieHbi ocHOBHbie H3MeHeHHH , B03HHKaiomHe B TBKHX cjiynanx.

    • H3MeHeHHH B J
    ^HOHHpoBaHHH OCH ninoTajiaMyc-rHno } H3-
    ( ) yHKi ()

    HBJI.nOHeHHHKH H CBH3aHHbie C HHMH H3MCHeHHH ypOBHH KOpTH30Jia.


    • YMeHbnieHHbiH pa3Mep rannoKaMna, CTpyKTypbi M03ra, CBH3aHHbie
    c obyneHHeM H / jeicjiapaTHBHOH naivnrrbio.
    • rioTepn ceporo BemecTBa B npecbpoHTajibHOH H opbHTOcJjpoHTajibHOH
    objiacTHx M03ra, HapymaiomaH peryjinijHio acJx
    • HapymeHHH B IJENHX nepe^Heft noncHOH Kopw, Be ^^
    eiCTa.

    ymne K ec Hi HTy
    nrpoBoro noBe eHHH H noBe eHHH npHBH3aHHOCTH , TaKHe KaK CMHT-
    ^ ^ ,
    ^ ^ ^
    neHHoe 3MOitHOHajibHoe Bbipa ceHHe B
    ^ rojioce jiHtte H .
    Tejie

    TpaBMHpoBaHHbie GTH C bojibrnen BeponraocTbio 6 yjxyj HcnbiTbiBaTb


    ^
    6ecnOKOHCTBO , THnepaKTHBHOCTb, HMnyjIbCHBHOCTb , npoSjieMbl CO CHOM,
    npobjieMbi c obyneHHeM, onno3HijHOHHoe HenoBHHOBeHHe, OTBjieKaeMOCTb
    DiaBa 2 HaynHbie OCHOBM TejiecHO-opMeHTHpoBaHHoii ncHxoTepanHH 59

    .
    H noBe/i,eHHe B AHCCoijHaTHBHOM KOHTHHyyMe BocnHTaiejiH H yuHTejin MO -
    ryT HaKa3bmaTb AeTeh, AeMOHCTpnpyiomHx TaKoe noBeAeHHe, TeM caMbiM
    ycHjiHBaa cocroHHHe CTpecca , yrpo3bi H crpaxa. KpoMe Toro, noApocTKH
    CKJIOHHbl nOBTOpHTb paHHHe CXeMbI npHBH3aHHOCTH B 3TOT 6oJiee n 03AHHH
    nepexoAHbiH nepHOA pa3BHTHH. TpaBMbi npHBH3aHHOCTH Tax ce MoryT Ha -
    ^
    pyrnaTb caMoperyjnmHio, odyneHHe, aMnaraio H coijHajibHoe (J)yHKu:HOHH-
    pOBaHHe BO B3POCJIOH 2KH3HH.
    Be3 3(})(J)eKTHBHoro jieneHHH TpaBMa npHBH3aHHOCTH MoaceT 6biTb ne-
    peAaHa cjieAyiomeMy noicojieHHK). KpoMe Toro, AOKTOP Pahneji HexyAa
    ( Rachel Yehuda ) onpeAeJinjia, HTO jxeTH poAHTejieh , nepeacHBiimx ncHxojio-
    runecKyio TpaBMy, noABepraioTcn 6ojibineMy pncicy pa3BHTHH nocTTpaBMa-
    THuecKoro CTpeccoBoro paccrpohcTBa. HanpuMep, MjiaAeHijbi , poacAeHHbie
    OT MaTepeH C nOCTTpaBMaTHHeCKHM CTpeCCOBbIM paCCTpOHCTBOM , B03HMK -
    IIIHM BO BpeMH 6epeMeHH0CTM , HanpuMep, B pe3yjibTaTe TepaKTOB 11 ceH -
    ra6PH , HMejrn 6ojiee HH3KHH Bee npn poacAeHHH H noHH^ceHHbift ypoBeHb
    KopTH30Jia no cpaBHemuo c KOHTPOJIBHOH rpynnoh MjiaACHijeB. B pe3yjib-
    TaTe 3THX MjiaAeHLueB 6 bijio TpyAHee ycnoKOHTb , OHM 6 bum 6ojiee CKJIOHHBI
    K KOJiHKaM n HMejrn noBbiineHHbin pnex nocrrpaBMaTHnecKoro crpecco -
    Boro paccTponcTBa npn ncHXOJiorHnecKoh TpaBMe B 6ojiee no3AHeM B03-
    pacTe. TOHHO TaK >Ke B3pocjibie Aem jnoAeh , nepejKHBiiiHx XOJIOKOCT H no-
    jiynHBniHx nocTTpaBMaTHnecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccrpohcTBO, HMejrn 6ojiee
    BbicoKHH pncK pa3BHTHH nocnpaBMaTHnecKoro CTpeccoBoro paCCTpon -
    CTBa nocjie ncHxojiorHnecKoh TpaBMbi. PoAHTejin c nocnpaBMaTHnecKHM
    CTpeccoBbiM paccTponcTBOM MoryT no- pa3HOMy pearnpoBaTb Ha CBOHX
    AETEH, HTO npHBOAHT K 6ojibineMy HapymeHHio yxoAa H npHBH3aHHOCTH.
    HanpHMep , MaTepH c nocTTpaBMaranecKHM CTpeccoBbiM paccTpohcTBOM
    c dojibinefl BeponTHOCTbio 6yAyT npe3MepHO 3amHmaTb CBOHX AeTeh H pe-
    arapoBaTb Ha HHX, B pe3yjibTaTe nero y HX AeTeh MoaceT pa3BHTbcn MeHee
    HaAe^CHan npHBH3aHHOCTb. KpoMe TOTO, HccjieAOBaHHe HeryAbi npeAnojia-
    raeT, HTO anHreHeTHHecKHe H3MeHeHHH B peaKiiiHH opraHH3Ma Ha KOPTH30JI

    MORYT nepeAaBaTbcn OT MaTepeh K HX AeTHM.

    TEJIECHOCTb H ME CJIMHHOCTHAH
    HEHPOBHOJIOrHH ^
    Hehpo(J) H3HOJiorHH MJiaAeHina (})opMHpyeTCH nepe3 OTHOineHHH , npo-
    uecc, KOTOpbih nacTO Ha3biBaiOT B3aHMHoh peryjimjiHeh [ Schore, 1994 ].
    60 HaCTb 1 OcHOBHbie KOHaenUHH

    BoCriHTaTeJIH 3a6oTHTCH O|( ) H3HHeCKHX H 3MOU;HOHaJIbHbIX nOTpe6HOCTHX

    eHua nocpe , KOTopoe y6aioKHBaeT H ycnoicaHBaeT,


    Mjia
    ^ ^
    CTBOM noBezjeHHH
    a HHorfla H CTHMyjiHpyeT. TmaTejibHaa HacrpoHica co CTopoHbi oneKyHa
    BaacHa B OTHomeHHH Toro, Kor a H Ka&OH ran peryjmpyiomero noBe/ieHHH
    ^
    Heo6xozi;HM. MHoroe H3 3Toro nponcxojiHT 6ecco3HaTejibHo H B HopMajib-
    HblX CHTyailHHX HBJIHeTCH B 3HaHHTeJIbHOH CTeneHH HHTyHTHBHbIM npoijec-
    . no cjiOBaM SHHejia CTepHa [ Stem , 1985], ncHxnaTpa H aBTopa KHHTH
    COM
    ^
    The Interpersonal World of the Infant ( “ MeacjiHHHOcrabiH MHp Mjia/ jeHija” ),
    y icaacjioro H3 Hac ecTb onraMajibHbra £Hana30H B036yacjieHHH, cymecTBy-
    JOHJHH npn poaqieHHH. MaTb HJIH oneicyH nyrao HacTpaHBaiOTcn Ha Mjia-
    c noMombio pa3JiHHHbix BbipaaceHHii Jinija, BOicajiH3aHHH, acecTOB
    / jeHija
    .
    H nBPDKeHHH Tejia. MjiazieHeu; o6maeTcn c noMombio Tex ace TejiecHbix H ro-
    JIOCOBBIX CHTHajiOB. HanpHMep, MjiaaeHeu ; 6yaeT CHTHajiH3HpoBaTb MaTepn
    npHMbiM B3TJIHZIOM HJIH acecTOM o acejiaHHH 6ojibmero B3aHMO£encTBH5i
    H nepe3 HexoTopoe BpeMH MoaceT OTBOOTTB B3rjiHA, HeBep6ajibHO CHraa -
    jiH3Hpya: “513aKOHHHji. H nojiyHHJi ztocraTOHHO CTHMyjiOB Pojib nyTKoro
    oneKyHa COCTOHT B TOM , HTO6BI HHTara OTH cnrHajibi , HacTpanBaacb Ha H3-
    MeHHiomHecH noTpe6HOCTH pa3BHBaiomeroca MjiaaeHija. SMnaraHecicaH
    HacTpoHKa noMoraeT yKpenHTb BHyTpeHHee caMoomymeHHe MjiajjeHija ,
    KOTopoe BKjnonaeT .
    BJiaAeHne HBHaceHHeM , TejiOM H SMOIJHHMH.
    BHHHHKOTT [Winnicott , 1990] npezuiaraeT KOHiiemjnio “.zjocTaTOHHO
    xopomeft MaTepn ” , npH3HaBaa , HTO HH OAHH nejioBeic, ocymecTBJimomHH
    yxoji , He 6yaeT Bee BpeMH TOHHO noHHMaTb cnrHajibi Mjia/ieHHa. TOHHO TaK
    ace nCHXOJIOT, 3aHHMaK> mHHCH BOnpOCaMH pa3BHTHH, £OKTOp TpOHHK
    [ Tronick , 2007] npH3HaeT, HTO ftaace HajteacHaa npHBH3aHHOCTb MaTepn
    K Mjidijieuny HMeeT HecooTBeTCTBHH B paMicax ero “ npaBHJia TpeTen ”. Ero
    HCCJieftOBaHHH noKa3biBaiOT, HTO MaTepn H MJia eHUbi CHHxpoHH3npoBa -
    ^
    Hbl TOJIbKO npHMepHO B TpeTH CJiyHaeB, HTO OHH He CHHXpOHH3HpOBaHbI
    B TpeTH CJiynaeB H HTO OHH nbITaiOTCH BOCCTaHOBHTb CHHXpOHH3ai HK)
    *
    B ocTajibHofi TpeTH CJiynaeB . BaacHO OTMCTHTB, HTO OTH OHIH6KH B HacTpon -
    Ke , no-BH , HMeiOT noMOHb pa3BHBaiomeMycH peSeHKy jiynine
    ^HMOMy iiejibio
    c HeH36eacHbiMH CTpeccaMH, KOTopbie conpoBoac aiOT acH3Hb,
    cnpaBjiHTbcn
    Kor a 3a HHMH cjiejsyej npoijecc
    ^
    . OneKyH pacno3HaeT
    BoccTaHOBjieHnn
    ^
    pa3pbiB, HacTpaHBaacb Ha HeraraBHbin ac} J eKT, Bbi3BaHHbiH HenpaBHJib-
    )( )

    HOH HaCTpOHKOH , H KyjIbTHBHpyH HyBCTBO BOCCOe HHeHHH B OTHOHieHHHX.


    ^
    Pa3BHBaiomHHCH pe6eHOK H3ynaeT HHTepaicraBHbiH npouecc -BoccraHOBjie

    HHH , KOTopbiH MoacHO Hcnojib30 BaTb B 6ojiee no3 jiHHe nepnojiibi CTpecca .
    DiaBa 2 HaynHbie OCHOBM TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHOH ncHxoTepaiMM 61

    IIpeo crrpeccoBbix B3anMOAeHCTBHH ynHT pe6eHKa TepneTb


    HJIH
    ^onycKaTbTaKHx
    ojieHHe

    BpeMeHHbie HeraTHBHbie a J J eKTHBHbie COCTOHHHH AO Tex


    ^ ( )( )

    -
    nop, noKa 3a HHMH
    TejibHbin
    ^yeT BOCCoeAHHemie n CBH3aHHbin c HHM
    cjie

    a J J eKT. Co BpeMeHeM MJiaAeHeu ycBanBaeT BJiHHHHe Maiepn


    ( )( )
    nojioacH

    n ynnTcn caMoperyjinuHH COCTOHHHH BHyTpeHHero B036y KAeHHH. O HaKO


    B cjiynae pejinuHOHHOH ncHXOJiorHnecKOH TpaBMbi noBe eHne oneicyHOB
    ^)

    HapymaeT peryjinuHio noBe eHnn


    ^
    . KpoMe TOTO, KorAa oneKyHbi
    ^ MjiaAeHua

    caMH He peryjinpyiOTCH, OHH nacTO MeHee AOCTynHbi jum BOCCTaHOBjieHHH

    noBe eHHn , HTO B


    ^
    B TeneHne
    ocraBjineT MjiaAeHua HapymeHHOM COCTOHHHH
    cnjibHO

    nepHOAOB BpeMeHH. 3TOT npouecc


    AJinTejibHbix Ha pa3-
    BjmneT

    BHTHe yH3BHMOH HepBHOH CHCTeMbI Miia/ . HcCJie OBaHHe TpOHHKa


    jeHIja
    , , ajio
    ^
    c zi enpecciiBHbiMH MaTepHMH noKa3 , HTO OHH C 6oJibineH BeponTHOCTbio
    HeBepHO HCTOJIKOBbIBaiOT CHTHaJIbl CBOHX AeTeH 0 pa3'be,HHHeHHH. MaTb,
    He CTpa aioman Aenpeccneii , MoaceT OTpearnpoBaTb Ha CHTHajibi MjiaAeHua
    ^
    o paa be.aHHeHHH, a OH OTBopanHBaeT rojiOBy, ycnoKaHBancb H COOT-
    Kor
    ^
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    BeTCTByn CABHry B036y KAeHHH, HHHUHHpoBaHHOMy . O HaKO


    OTnyjKAeHHe
    )
    ^ MjiaAeHueM
    , CKopee Bcero, npHBeACT K TOMy, HTO AenpeccHBHan
    MjiaAeHua
    MaTb nonyBCTByeT ce6n OTBeprayTOH. CjieAOBaTejibHo, OHa MoaceT HacTan-
    BaTb Ha TOM , HTO6M pe6eHOK Hrpaji , KOPHHJI 3Jioe JIHUO HJIH AHCTaHunpo-
    6
    BaJICH OT CBOHX Co cTBeHHbIX 3MOIJHH H nOBeACHHH.
    4 6 noA KOHTpojieM , oneKyHbi AOJIHCHBI yMeTb pacno3Ha-
    T To bi ocTaBaTbcn

    BaTb ypoBHH co6cTBeHHoro B036y >KAeHHH , HacTpaHBancb Ha CBOH BHyTpeH -


    HHe omymeHHH c noMombio caMopecjjjieKCHH. 3TOT npouecc MoaceT noMonb
    oneKyHaM pa3BHTb cnoco6HOCTb OTACJIHTB CBOIO paHHioio HCTopmo npn-
    BH3aHHOCTH OT TeKymeii CHTyauHH c pe6eHKOM [ Siegel, 1999]. HanpHMep,
    MaTb Mo ceT CKa3aTb ce6e: 3TO 6ojie3HeHHbie omymeHHH H3 Moero npo-
    ^
    rnjioro, HO MOH pe6eHOK He OTBepraeT MeHH. H Mory pearapoBaTb Ha CBOH

    nyBCTBa , He B03Jiaran Ha pe6eHKa oTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a HHX . 3TOT npouecc


    no3BOJineT MaTepn co3HaTe;ibHO o6pamaTb BHHMaHHe Ha CBOH nyBCTBa,
    yBejiHHHBan ee cnoco6HOCTb 6 biTb AOcrynHOH JXJM OTHOineHHH c pe6eHKOM.
    lllop [Schore , 1994 , 2012] BBeji TepMHH “ ncHxo6HOJiorHnecKHH peryjra -
    Top ” AAH o6o3HaneHHH pojin MaTepn HJIH oneKyHa , KOTopbiH o6ecnenHBaeT
    BHeniHioio peryjinuHio He3pejion 4> H3HOJIOTHH pe6eHKa. H3-3a SMOUHO-
    HajibHoii , 4> H3HOJiorHnecKOH H HeBep6ajibHOH npnpoABi paHHHx KOMMy-
    HHKauHH TaKan peryjinuHH BKjnonaeT BJiHHHHe JIHMSHHCCKOH CHCTeMbi
    npaBoro nojiymapHH Ha o6 jiacTb npaBoro nojiyinapHH, KOTopan BKJiionaeT
    TOHyc 6 jiy KAaiomero HepBa. OTHOIHCHHH MaTepn H MjiaAeHua 4)opMHpyiOT
    }
    62 HacTb 1 G? OcHOBHbie KOHuenunn

    J pe6eHKa nocpe , noTOMy


    ( ) H3HOJiornio
    ^CTBOM naTTepHOB B3aHMOAeftcTBHH
    HTO BereTaTHBHan HepBHan cncreMa MaTepH CBH3biBaeT 4> H3HOJiorHio -Mjia

    / jernja. 06paTHTe BHHMaHHe , HTO BO BpeMH o6 MeHa KaK


    BjiHHHHe OKa3biBaiOT

    Mjia eHUbi , TaK H oneKyHbi. CymecTByeT nponecc B3anMHoro (JjopMHpoBa -


    ^
    HHH , KOTOpbift Tpe6yeT, HTO6BI H oneKyH , H MJiazieHeij npncnocaOjiHBajiHCb
    6
    H H3MeH5L7IHCb, HTo bI nOAAep)KHBaTb CKOOpZIHHHpOBaHHOe COCTOHHHe
    OTHOineHHH. OneKyH (}) H3HOJiorHK) H SMOunoHajibHoe COCTO -
    peryjmpyeT
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    ^ ajibHO
    ^
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    Kor a HeBep6ajibHbie cnmajibi nrHopnpyioTCH HJIH MaTb He HacTpanBaeTcn
    ^
    ^
    Ha HHX, n MaTb, n MJiaAeHeu; omymaioT AHCTaHijHio.
    Ha 6ojiee no3AHHX CTa nnx pa3BHTHH BepOajibHbift o6 MeH noAKpenjraeT
    ^
    npeo6pa30BaHne CMbicjia B TO, HTO OoHarn , Feprejin , JlxcypncT H TapreT
    [ Fonagy , Gergely , Jurist & Target , 2005] Ha3biBaiOT “ MeHTajiH3au;Heft ”, TO
    .

    6 6
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    ^
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    ^
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    ^
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    meHne oOecnennBaeT OTpaaceHHe raeBa, CBH3biBan cjiOBa c nyBCTBeHHbiMH

    omymeHHHMH OTpajKeHHe MaTepbio nieBa CBoero pe6eHKa MoaceT no3BO-


    .
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    ^ ^
    omymaTbcn B MbimeHHOM ABHJKOHHH Jinna , omymeHHH TJDKCCTH B rpyAH
    HJIH cacaTbix KyjiaKax , co cjioBecHbiM AecKpnnTopoM. B KOHijeKOHIJOB, STOT
    nponecc Mo^ceT OTKPHTB Anajior jxjm peryjiHTopHbix AeftcTBHft , HanpHMep,
    CKa3aTb: BMCCTO TOTO, HTO6BI 3a6npaTb HrpyniKy y CBoero Apyra, Tbi MO -

    ^cenib Hcnojib30BaTb cjiOBa HJIH Haft Apyryio HrpyniKy”.


    B 3TOM cjiynae TOHHoe OTpa^ceHHe MaTepn no3BOJineT KOHrpysHrao Ha -
    3BaTb nepe CHBaHHe jinn pe6eHKa. O HaKO, ecjiH MaTb HeTOHHa B CBOHX pa3-
    ^ ^
    MbinuieHHHx, pe6eHOK Mo ceT B KOHCHHOM HTore HenpaBHjibHO HCTOJIKO -
    ^
    BaTb 3MoriHOHajibHoe cocTOHHHe, MoaceT OTKJiiOHHTbCH OT nepe >KHBaeMoro
    HyBCTBa 3MOIIHH HJIH HCnbITbIBaTb HeypaBHOBemeHHbie 3MOIJHH. B 3T0M
    cjiynae MaTb MoaceT OIHH6OHHO HCTOJiKOBaTb raeB pe6eHKa KaK TOJIOA H CKa -
    3aTb: “ O , Tbi npocTO rojioAeH. aBaft npnHeceM Te6e e bi”. Pe6eHOK MO>KeT
    ^ ^
    npHHHMaTb nmiiy H He o6 pamaTb BHHMaHnn Ha nyBCTBO nieBa no noBOAy
    HrpyniKH H Apyra. \ J pyran B03M0>KH0CTb 3aKJHOHaeTcn B TOM, HTO pe6eHOK
    DiaBa 2 HaynHbie OCHOBM TejiecHO-opneHTHpoBaHHOH ncuxoTepamm 63

    Mo ceT npoAOJi caTb Bbipa caTb raeB, Ha KOTopbin He


    ^ ^ ^ 6 buio peaKUHH, H 060-
    CTpHTb noBe/ jeHHe, HTO MoaceT npHBecTH K Haica3aHHK) H AajibHeHineMy
    nyBCTBy OTHy
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    My B eTCTBe , B MeHbineH CTeneHH
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    ^
    HHTepOUenTHBHbIX H nponpHOUienTHBHblX OmymeHHH JXJI 5L MeHTaJIbHOrO
    )

    OCMbICJieHHH 3MOIJHH H nOTpe6HOCTeii. 3TOT flecJlHUHT OrpaHHHHBaeT HX


    cnoco6HOCTb peryjiHpoBaTb COCTOHHHH B036y^czieHHH H SMOIJHH.
    Me^KJiHHHOCTHaH Heiipo6HOJiorH5i Haero noji.HepKHBaeT BJiHHHHe COUH -
    aJIbHblX B3aHMOfleHCTBHH B nepHO# paHHeil npHBH3aHHOCTH Ha pa3BHTHe
    M03ra [ Cozolinoy 2014 ]. TeM He MeHee , HenpoHayKa Taoce npe/mojiaraeT,
    HTO HeHpOnJiaCTHHHOCTb COXpaHHeTCH Ha npOT5DKeHHH BCeil JKH3HH H (})Op-
    MHpyeTCH HaniHM TeKymHM coijHajibHbiM H noBe/ jeHnecKHM onbiTOM ( no
    COCTOHHHK) Ha Mail 2011 r. ). 3/i,ecb Mbi noHHMaeM ncHxoTepanHio KaK co-
    AeftcTBHe “3aBHCHMOMy OT onbua pa3BHTHio M03ra ”, KJnoneBOMy KOMnoHeH-
    Ty B pa3pemeHHH TpaBMbi npHBH3aHHOCTH [ Fogely 2009 ]. B ncHXOTepanHH
    ncHxoTepaneBT BbiCTynaeT ncHxo6HOJiorHHecKHM peryjraTopoM AJIH KJIH -
    eHTa [ Schore , 1994 ]. 3TOT npoijecc BKjnonaeT B ce6fl HacTpoiiKy COCTOHHHH
    B036y)K eHHH KJiHeHTa H npHMeHeHHe nojiHBarajibHoii TeopHH nepe3 e ce -
    ^ ^
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    HHKau, HH . IlcHxoTepaneBT B03,zjeHCTByeT Ha coijuajibHyio HepBHyio CHCTe-
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    TOHHO XOpOHieH HaCTpOHKH , , HCKpeHHOCTH,
    H npeACKa3yeMoro noBe eHHH
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    ^
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    nOAKJIIOHHTbCH K HX Co
    ^
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    ran HM nyBCTBOBaTb ce6n B 6e3onacHOCTH H opneHTHpOBaTbCH B HacTOH -
    meM MOMeHTe. 3TO BKjnonaeT B ce6n co3HaTejibHoe Hcnojib30 BaHHe 3pn -
    TejibHoro KOHTaKTa , TOTOBHOCTB SKcnepHMeHTHpoBaTb c paccaftKOH H HC -

    nojib30 BaHHe TOHa rojioca B KanecTBe HHCTpyMeHTa RJIX. BOCCTaHOBjieHHH

    peJIHUHOHHOH CBH3H. IIpH3HaBaH, HTO B ncHXOTepanHH MoryT B03HHKaTb


    HeBepHbie HacTpoHKH, ncHxoTepaneBTbi MoryT pa6oiaTb Ha# BoccraHOBjie-
    HHeM OTHOIIieHHH KaK UeHHOH HaCTblO npouecca , KOTOpblH M02CeT nOMOHb
    KJiHeHTaM nepeHOCHTb CTpecc. B paMKax STOTO npoijecca ncHxoTepaneBTbi
    pa6oTaiOT Ha# TeM , HTO6 BI OTperyjiHpoBaTb CBOIO HepBHyio CHCTeMy KaK 06-
    pa3eu .zym KJiHeHTa. Co BpeMeHeM B3aHMHaa peryjmuHH B ncHXOTepanHH
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    KOB flHcperyjraijHH , H3ynHTb HOBbie naTTepHbi peryjiHUHH H pa3pa6oTaTb
    HOByio Mo ejib ycneniHbix OTHomeHHH.
    ^
    64 HacTb 1 G? OcHOBHbie KOHuenixHH

    BJIH5IHHE nCHXOJIOrMHECKOH
    TPABMbI HA 3£ OPOBbE
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    CTpOHCTBO CBH3aHO C IiaTTepHaMH 6oJie3HeH H XpOHHHeCKOH 6oJIbIO [Vachon -
    Presseau et al., 2013]. 3ia KoppejrauHH oco6eHHO CHjibHa, ecjiH B jxeTCTBe
    npoH3onuio B03zneHCTBHe TpaBMHpyiomHx CO6MTHH. Hccjie OBaHHe He -
    ^
    OjiaronpHHTHbix TCKHX nepeacHBaHKH, npoBezieHHoe KOMnaHHeft Kaiser
    Permanente, oijeHHjio 17 Tbic. naijHeHTOB, nepeHeciiinx jjeTCKHe ncHxojio-
    rHHecKHe TpaBMbi , Ha npe MeT (})H3HHecKoro HacHjiHH, cjioBecHbix ocKop-
    ^
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    H npOJKHBaHHH C a/mHKTHBHbIMH HJieHaMH CeMbH , JHOJUbMH , CKJIOHHbIMH
    K HacHjiHK) HJIH CH eBiHHMH B TiopbMe [ Felitti et al., 1998]. Pe3yjibTaTbi
    ^
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    ^
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    ^
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    ^
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    CTpOHCTBO BJIHHeT Ha (JtyHKIJHOHHpOBaHHe BereTaTHBHOH HepBHOH CH -
    CTeMbi H HapymaeT 6ajiaHc 4)yHKUiHOHHpoBaHHH CHMnaTHnecKOH H na-
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    Toro, HTO xpoHHnecKoe nocupaBMaTHHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTponcTBO
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    H3MeHeHHHM OCH rnnoTajiaMyc rHnoc])H3 Ha/inoHeHHHKH.
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    . ECJIH B KpOBOTOKe ocTaTOHHO
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    ^
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    B paMKaX 3TOH 3flOpOBOH peaKIJHH Ha CTpeCC HeJIOBeK flOBOJIbHO 6bICTpO
    nocjie CTpeccoBoro COSBITHH , npn STOM
    BOCCTaHaBJiHBaeTCH 4
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    ^
    DiaBa 2 HaynHbie OCHOBM TejiecHO-opneHTnpoBaHHOH ncnxoTepannn 65

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    ineHHH B J
    ( )yHKUHOHHpoBaHHH
    J
    OCH rHnoTajiaMyc-rHno( ) H3-HaAnoHeH -
    HHKH. riepBOHanajibHO CHHTajiocb , HTO nocTTpaBMaTHnecKoe CTpeccoBoe
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    npn e^cenacHOM H3MepeHHH ypoBHn KopTH30Jia B revenue 24 -nacoBoro
    ^HaKO
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    XpOHHHeCKH HH3KHH ypOBeHb K0 pTH30Jia CBH3aH C HapyiHeHHHMH B HM -
    MyHHOH CHdeMe H B opraHH3Me [ Bergmann , 2012 ].
    BocnajieHHeM

    CymecTByeT o6paTHan CBH3b MeacAy ypoBHeM KopTH30Jia B KpoBOTOKe


    H HMMyHHTeTOM [ Scaer, 2005]. B cjiynae xpoHHHecKoro cipecca CHMna -
    THnecKan HepBHaa CHCTeMa noAAepacHBaeT BBICOKHH ypoBeHb KopTH30Jia
    B TeneHHe /i, jiHTejibHoro nepnoAa BpeMeHH . 3TOT naTTepH cBH3aH co CHH-
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    ^
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    ^
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    ^
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    ^
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    ^
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    ^ce
    CBH3aHO C HaCTbIMH COo 6 meHHHMH O XpOHHHeCKHX 6oAeBbIX COCTOHHH5IX,
    66 HacTb 1 OcHOBHbie KOHueimnn

    BKJnonaH (J)H6 poMHajiraio H xpoHHnecKHe rojiOBHbie 6OJIH [ Friedberg ,


    2004 ]. XpoHHHecKaii 6OJIB CBH3aHa co CHHJKeHHeM ypoBHH HeftpoipaHC-
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    TpeBory, COH , KOHijeHTpaijHio H o6 mee CHHaceHHe CHOCO6HOCTH Hcnbi -
    [ Eisenberger, 2012; Kross, Berman, Mischel, Smith
    TbiBaTb yziOBOJibCTBHe
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    B
    ^
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    ^ ^
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    ^ ^
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    ^
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    ^
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    ^
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    ^
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    ^
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    ^
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    ^ ^
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    jiee CTapbie peaKijHH o6e3£ BH >KHBaHHH OT ncnyra , ( jjjiara HJIH o6MopoKa.
    DiaBa 2 HayHHbie OCHOBH TejiecHO-opneHTiipOBaHHOM ncuxoTepariHH 67

    O 6 >T Harny cnoco6-


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    He
    ^ omymeHHH. IIoAaBJieHHe ceHcopHoro oco3HaHHH o6
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    K COMaTH3au;HH CHMIITOMOB.
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    ^aBJieHHe omymeHHH, 3MOU ,

    oco3HaHHH [ Fogel, 2009]. B pe3yjibTaTe Harnn


    HHJIHCB OT HHTepoi enTHBHoro
    ^
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    meHHH , 3MOU.HH H ABHACeHHH HMeeT TaKHe nOCJieACTBHH AAH 3AOPOBBH , KaK
    xpoHHnecKoe MbimeHHoe Hanpn^ceHHe , xpoHHHecKan 6OJIB HJIH xpoHHnecKoe
    OHeMeHHe yqacTKOB Tejia , 6ojiee BBICOKHH ypoBeHb cepAenHO-cocyAHCTBix
    3a6ojieBaHHH , 6o;iee BbicoKoe KpoBHHoe AaBJieHHe , 6ojiee BBICOKHH ypoBeHb

    ^cejiyAOHHo-KHineHHBix 3a6ojieBaHHH, pecnHpaTopHbie 3a6ojieBaHHH, TaKHe


    KaK acTMa , H cepbe3Hbie ayTOHMMyHHBie paccTponcTBa.

    HEMPOBHOJIOrMH IIAMHTM H flHCCOE[ HAUH5I


    Harnn 6ajibHbi. OHH coxpaHHioTCH
    caMbie paHHHe BocnoMHHaHHH HeBep
    B BHAe nCHXO(]) H3HOJIOrHHeCKOrO B036y>KAeHHH H a(J)(J)eKTHBHBIX COCTOH-
    HHH , Ha3biBaeMBix HMnjiHUHTHBiMH BocnoMHHaHHHMH [ Schore , 1994, 2012].
    HMnJIHUHTHaH naMHTB CBH3aHa C JIHM6HHeCKHMH CHCTeMaMH M03ra, TAKHMH
    KaK MHHAaJieBHAHOe TeJIO, KOTopbie (JiyHKUHOHaJIBHO AOCTynHBI C pOJKAeHHH
    -
    H AOMHHHpyiOT B TeHeHHe nepBBIX Afiyx Tpex JieT ACH3HH. HlVinJIHUHTHbie,
    HJIH npoueAypHBie , BocnoMHHaHHH cjiyacaT OCHOBOH JXJIH caMoomymeHHH ,
    KOTopoe MOACeT COXpaHHTBCH BO B3pOCJIOH ACH3HH. CHCTeMa HMnjIHIIHTHOH
    naMHTH jieacHT B ocHOBe TOTO, HTO HHorAa Ha3BiBaiOT naMHTBio Tejia , KOTopan
    xpaHHTcn B BHAe penpe3eHTaijHH ABHraTejiBHBix naTTepHOB H omymeHHH.
    68 HacTb 1 GP OcHOBHbie KOHuenuHH

    IIpHMepHO B B03pacTe jjByx HJIH Tpex jieT HaaHHaioT co3peBaTb CTpyiaypbi


    M03ra 6ojiee BbicoKoro nopa/iica, TaKne KaK rannoicaMn , 30Ha BpoKa H op-
    6HTO(J) poHTajibHa5i Kopa, no/mepacHBaa paHHee a3biKOBoe pa3BHrae H Harny
    cnoco6HOCTb K caMope(J) jieKCHH. iHnnoicaMn Heo6xoflHM jinn KojiHpoBaHHH
    H H3BJieneHHa ftOJiroBpeMeHHbix BocnoMPmaHHH nyieM co3£aHHa KOTHH -
    THBHOH KapTbl CeHCOpHbIX KOMITOHeHTOB naMHTH B aCCOIJHaTHBHOH KOpe.
    AcCOIIHaTHBHaa KOpa CBH3aHa C XpaHeHHeM KOMIIOHeHTOB BOCnOMHHaHHH
    B M03ry. 3oHa BpoKa o6ecneaHBaeT Harny cnoco6HOCTb o6pa6aTbmaTb H3biK
    H BocnpoH3BOAHTb peab. Op6HTO(})poHTajibHaa Kopa npe CTaBjiaeT co6oii
    aacTb
    ^
    npec}) poHTajibHOH Kopbi, yaacTByiomyio B ncnojib30BaHHH ceHCopHOH
    OCBeAOMJieHHOCTH flJIH npHHHTHH peilieHHH.
    B 3TOT MOMeHT pe6eHOK McmeT HanaTb paccKa3bmaTb o nepeacHBaHHax,
    BcnoMHHaTb OTAajieHHbie co6biTHa H3 npouuioro H Boo paacaTb 6 6y/ jymee.
    SKcnjiHUiHTHbie, HJIH / jeicjiapaTHBHbie BOcnoMHHaHHa , BKJiioaaioT B ce6a
    nocjie/iOBaTejibHOCTb CO6BITHH BO BpeMeHH H BHyTpeHHioio Kapiy pa3Me-
    meHHa ofiBeKTOB B npocTpaHCTBe. ECTB JIBA THna aKcnjiHiiHTHOH naMHTH:
    ceMaHTHnecKaa H 3nH30£HaecKaa. CeMaHTHaecKaa naMHTb STO jjojiroBpe-
    MeHHaa naMHTb, KOTopaa BK/noaaeT B ce6a 3HaHHe OCHOBHBIX 4> aKTOB, npn -
    o6peieHHbix Ha npoTaaceHHH Been HCH3HH. 3nH30/i;HHecKaH naMaTb HOCHT
    aBTo6Horpa(J)HHecKHH xapaicrep H BKjnoaaeT BpeMa , MecTO H 3MOH;HH. 3TH
    BOcnoMHHaHHa no3BOJiaiOT aejiOBeicy opneHTHpoBaTbca B TOM, HTO, icorjja,
    me H noaeMy npoH3omjio. ABTo6Horpa(})HaecKHe BOcnoMHHaHHa no3BOJia -
    K)T aejiOBeicy pa3MbimjiHTb o ce6e B 6ojiee paHHHe MOMCHTBI BpeMeHH HJIH
    npoei npoBaTb omymeHHe ce6a B 6y£ymee. SKcnjiHijHTHbie BOcnoMHHaHHa
    ^
    onHpaiOTca Ha npouecc KOHCOJiHjjanHH pa3 jmaHbix aacTeft nepeacHBaHHH ,
    aTo6 bi OHH corjiacoBbiBajiHCb c TeKymHM omymeHHeM ce6a B MHpe [,Siegel,
    2001]. KoHcojm / jaijHH o6'be/iiHHaeT penpe3eHTau;HH OT ejibHoro CO6HTHH
    ^
    c TbicaaaMH 6ojiee paHHHx nepeacHBaHHH, yace Haxo amHxca B acconnaTHB-
    ^
    HOH Kope , aTO noMoraeT HaM co3#aTb CBH3Hoe omymeHHe ce6a BO BpeMeHH.
    Bo BpeMa CHJibHoro CTpecca HJIH nojiyaeHHa ncHxojiorHaecKoft TpaBMbi
    cocToaHHe CHJibHoro B036y >K£eHHH MoaceT HapyniHTb HopMajibHoe (J)yHK -
    HHOHHpoBaHHe rannoKaMna , HTO npHBe eT K THnepMHe3HH ( ycnjieHHio
    ^
    naMHTH ) Ha acJxjieKTbi HJIH omymeHHH H omiOBpeMeHHOH aMHe3HH ( noTepe

    ^
    naMaTH ) Ha ( jiaKTbi. IHnnoicaMn MoaceT CTaTb aMnjm HijHpoBaHHbiM , cno-
    co6cTBya ycnjieHHbiM H oaeHb npoaHbiM oraeaaTKaM naMaTH, aacTO Ha3bi-
    BaeMbiM “ BocnoMHHaHHHMH - BcnbiiHKaMH ” [ Conway et al., 1994; Diamond ,
    Campbell, Park , Halonen & Zoladz , 2006]. BocnoMHHaHHa - BcnbmiKH aacTO
    DiaBa 2
    ^ HaynHbie OCHOBM TejiecHO -opHeHTHpOBaHHoii ncuxoTeparmn 69

    nepe^CHBaiOTCH KaK cJ) parMeHTbi


    ^eTajieft H3 oneHb BMOijHOHajibHbix BOcno-
    MHHaHHH H H3yHaJIHCb B CBH3H C TpaBMHpyjEOIIJHMH Co6 bITHHMH , T3KHMH
    KaK TepaKT 11 ceHTnOpn HJIH B3pbiB KOCMHHecKoro Kopa6;iH “ HejuieH ep ” .
    IIpH -
    BOcnoMHHaHHHx BcnbmiKax rannoKaMn 4)yHKU,HOHajibHO
    ^
    He HHTe -
    rpwpyeT BOcnoMHHaHHH nepe3 accounaTHBHyio Kopy; noaTOMy ceHCopHbie
    omymeHHH nacTO nepe>KHBaioTCH KaK HaBH3HHBbie HeBep6ajibHbie BOJIHBI
    HHTEHCHBHBIX HyBCTB , 3pHTeJIbHbIX o6pa30B, 3anaXOB, 3ByKOB HJIH (J) H3HHe-
    CKHX omymeHHH [ van der Kolk , McFarlane & Weisaeth , 1996 ]. 3TH H30JIH -
    poBaHHbie ({iparMeHTbi BOcnoMHHaHHH , KaK npaBHJio, )KHBO BcnoMHHaiOTCH
    H KO/ jHpyiOTCfl , KorAa nejiOBeK HaxoAHTCH B COCTOHHHH CTpaxa. BcnjiecK
    aApeHajiHHa aKTHBHpyeT MHHAajieBHAHoe Tejio H yBejiHHHBaeT naMHTb
    6
    O Co bITHHX. BocnOMHHaHHH - BCnbllHKH HaCTO nOBTOpflIOTCH H , CJieAOBa-
    TeJIbHO, npaKTHKyiOTCH HeOAHOKpaTHO, HTO TaK5Ke MO CeT yCHJIHTb HJIH
    ^
    MHejiHHH3HpoBaTb HepBHbie nyTH. BHanajie TpaBMaTHnecKHH CTpecc MO-

    JKCT yCHJIHBaTb BOCnOMHHaHHH , OHH 2LKO CO BpeMeHeM (JiyHKUHOHHpOBaHHe


    rannoKaMna CHHacaeTCH. B CHTyaijHHx npoAOJDKaiomeHCH xpoHHnecKOH
    ncHxojiorHHecKOH TpaBMbi rannoKaMn OTKJimaeTCH H 6ojibine He MoaceT
    JiopMHpoBaTb 3KcnjiHijHTHbie BOcnoMHHaHHH [ LeDoux , 1996; van der Kolk ,
    (

    2015]. KpoMe TOTO, Kor a Mbi HaxoAHMCH B COCTOHHHH TpaBMaTHHecKoro


    ^
    CTpecca , AOCTyn K 30 He BpoKa 3aTpyAHneTCH. K TOMy ace, BocnoMHHaHHH
    MOryT 6 bITb CepHeH (JiparMeHTHpOBaHHbIX H HeCBH3aHHbIX CeHCOpHbIX
    H 4) H3HHecKHx omymeHHH.
    ApTyp HHOB \Janov , 1983, 2006], aMepHKaHCKHH ncnxojior H aBTop
    KHHTH Imprints ( OTnenaTKH ) , npeAnojiaraeT, HTO AOBep6ajibHaH TpaBMa ,
    B TOM HHCJie po OBan TpaBMa , coxpaHHeTcn KaK oraenaTOK B HepBHOH CH -
    ^
    CTeMe pe6eHKa H HTO 3Ta naMHTb MOJKCT coxpaHHTbcn BO B3pocjion HCH3HH.
    OH 6HJI OAHHM H3 nepBbix nnoHepoB TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHOH ncnxo-
    TepanHH , oco3HaBiHHx i eHHocTb pa6oTbi c nyBCTBaMH Tejia AJIH AOCTyna
    ^
    K HMnJIHIJHTHbIM BOCnOMHHaHHHM. B paMKaX COBpeMeHHbIX TeJieCHO-O -
    pneHTHpoBaHHbix no xoAOB K ncHxoTepanHH BoenpHHTHe a(J)(J)eKTHBHbix
    KOMnoHeHTOB
    ^
    no3bi Tejia, acecroB, MOAejien AtixaHHH H ABHraTejibHbix
    HMnyjibcoB c noMonjibK) HHTepouenTHBHoro oco3HaHHH npoAOJDKaeT ocTa -
    BaTbCH ueHHbiM BMemaTejibCTBOM , KOTopoe MOJKCT o6ecneHHTb Aocryn
    K o6pa6oTKe AOBep6ajibHoro HJIH HeBep6ajibHoro TpaBMaTHHecKoro MaTe -
    pnajia [.Marlock , Weiss , Young & Soth , 2015]. TOHHO Tax nee BaH aep KOJIK
    [ van der Kolk , 2003] npeAOcreperaeT, HTO o6pameHHe K Bep6ajibHOMy HJIH
    nOBeCTBOBaTeJIbHOMy KOMnOHeHTy BOCnOMHHaHHH MOHCeT n 03BOJIHTb
    70 HacTb 1 GP OcHOBHbie KOHuenunH

    H3MeHHTb HCTOpHK) , HO He o6 paTHTCH K TpeBOHCHbIM OIIjymeHHHM , KOTOpbie


    /JOMHHHpyiOT B HCH3HH KJIHeHTOB H MeiHaiOT HM.
    O HaKO Ba KHO co6 jno,aaTb ocroponcHOCTb npn pa6oTe c £OBep6ajibHbi-
    ^ ^
    MH H HeBep6aJIbHbIMH BOCnOMHHaHHHMH. MMnjIHIJHTHbie BOCnOMHHaHHH
    H BOCnOMHHaHHH - BCnbHHKH HeHa eHCHbl H HaCTO He npe CTaBJIHIOT TOH -
    Horo BOcnpoH3Be eHHH Hcxo
    ^ ^
    Horo Ha6opa CO6BITHH. TpaBMHpyiomHe ne-
    ^ ^
    pe^CHBaHHH KOAHpyiOTCH SMOIJHOHaJIbHOH HH| ( ) OpMaiJHeH , He CBH3aHHOH

    c KOHTeKCTyajiH3au;HeH fleKJiaparaBHbix H aBTo6Horpa4> HHecKHx pecJiepeH-


    TOB. BoccTaHOBjieHHe naMHTH BKjnonaeT B ce6n aKTHBannio HeftpoHHoro
    naTTepHa. O HaKO STO He npocTO peaKTHBaijHH CTaporo npejjcTaBjieHHH ,
    ^
    a nocTpoeHHe HOBOH HeftpoHHOH neim c nepTaMH peajibHoro CO6BITHH, ajie-
    MeHTaMH BocnoMHHaHHH H3 .apyrax nepe cHBaHHH H BJIHHHHHMH TeKymero
    ^
    COCTOHHHH yMa. H3BJieneHHe HMnJIHIJHTHOrO BOCnOMHHaHHH MOHCCT n 03B0-
    jiHTb noHHTb TOJIBKO CMbicji HJIH cyTb nepBOHanajibHoro nepencHBaHHH 6e3

    Bcex eTajieft. KpoMe Toro , no cpaBHeHHio c o6 biHHbiMH aBTo6Horpa(J) HHe -


    ^
    CKHMH BOCnOMHHaHHHMH BepOHTHOCTb npo6ejIOB B TpaBMaTHHeCKHX BOC -
    noMHHaHHHx Bbime. Jhojxit JIK>6HT paccKa3biBaTb HCTOPHH H HMCIOT CKJIOH -
    HOCTb BOCnOJIHHTb HeftOCTaiOmHe SJieMeHTbl BocnoMHHaHHH. y Hac eCTb

    4)yH aMeHTajibHan noTpe6HocTb pa3pa6oTaTb HappaTHB, KOTopbin conia-


    ^
    CyeTCH C HaiHHMH HblHeiHHHMH y6e5KAeHHHMH , TeopHHMH HJIH THnOTe3aMH
    [ Schacter, 1999]. OTcyTCTByiomne ajieMeHTbi BocnoMHHaHHH nojjBepnceHbi
    BJIHHHHIO TeKymHX 3MOIJHH , COUiHaJIbHblX CHrHaJIOB , BOo6 paHCeHHH H TaK
    flajiee. BocnpoH3BeAeHHe — oneHb TH6KHH , KOHCTpyKTHBHbiH npoijecc, KO -
    TOpbiH npeBpamaeT Hcxo Hoe co6 biTHe B nepencHBaHHe , KOTopoe Han6ojiee
    ^
    TOHHO cooTBeTCTByeT HaineMy HbmeniHeMy BocnpHHTHio H JIHHHOCTH .
    Bee BocnoMHHaHHH 3aBHCHT KaK OT KOHTeKCTa, TaK H OT COCTOHHHH.
    “ 3aBHCHMOCTb OT KOHTeKCTa” OnHCbIBaeT, KaK BocnoMHHaHHH KOflHpyiOTCH
    BHeniHHMH CTHMyjiaMH OKpyncaiomeH cpe bi , THKHMH KaK o6 pa3bi, 3ByKH
    H 3anaxH. “ 3aBHCHMOCTb OT COCTOHHHH
    ^onncbiBaeT , KaK BocnoMHHaHHH
    KOftHpyiOTCH BHyTpeHHHMH OIIjymeHHHMH , 3MOIJHHMH H ypOBHCM B036yHC-
    JXEHHH. Kopaa nejiOBeK
    J
    H3BjieKaeT ( )parMeHTbi BocnoMHHaHHH , CBH3aHHbix
    c ncHxojiorHHecKOH TpaBMOH, acneKTbi npoijecca H3BjieneHHH MoryT BBI -
    3BaTb B naMHTH JXPYRNE CBH3aHHbie BocnoMHHaHHH. B HeKOTopbix cjiynanx
    BocnoMHHaHHe 06 co6 biTHH J JXPYRNX
    ,
    ^
    O HOM
    B
    MOHceT Bbi3biBaTb
    ( ) parMeHTbi

    BocnoMHHaHHH npOHSOIHeftlHHX aHaJIOTHHHOM COCTOHHHH B036yHC,Zi;eHHH ,


    6e3 HBHOTO pa3JiHHHH BpeMeHH HJIH MecTa. Taxoe CMeineHHe BocnoMHHaHHH
    O pa3HbIX Co6bITHHX MOHCeT npHBCCTH K pa3BHTHIO JIOHCHbIX BOCnOMHHaHHH
    DiaBa 2 HaynHbie OCHOBM TejiecHO-opHeHTHpOBaHHOH ncHxoTepaimn 71

    [ Loftns & Ketcham, 1994]. IIoaTOMy noA aBTo6norpa( )HnecKOH naMATbio


    J
    cjieAyeT noHHMaTb cy6i> eKTHBHbie nepeACHBaHHA , a He o6'beKTHBHyio HCTHHy.
    HapymeHHH KOHCOAHAaijHH naMATH n noncKa MoryT npuBecra K Ae3op-
    raHH30BaHH0My n (J) parMeHTHpOBaHHOMy omymeHHio ce6n c BO3MOACHOH
    AHCCOUHauneH nocKOJibKy CBA3Hoe noBecTBOBaHne o ce6e cKOMnpoMeTHpo-
    ,
    BaHO. C (J) H3HOJiorHnecKOH TOAKH 3peHHH AHCCoijHauHio Jiynine Bcero pac-
    CMaTpnBaTb KaK MexaHH3M 6nojiornHecKoii 3anjHTbi , KOTopbiH OTK/nonaeT
    nejiOBeKa OT yrpoAcaiomHx nepeACHBaHHH. C ncHxoAorHHecKOH TOAKH 3pe -
    3TO cnoco6 cnpaBHTbcn c no aBjiniomieH CHTyaijHeH.
    HHA AHCCouHaijHA
    ^
    HanpHMep, pe6eHOK MOAceT 3Mon, noHajibHO AHCTaHUHpoBaTbCA OT AcecTOKO-
    ro poAHTejm H 6ojibine He nyBCTBOBaTb HacHjme, AaAce ecjiH OHO npoAOA -
    AcaeTCA. O HaKO AHCCOAHaijHA , oAHaACAbi cnacman pe6eHKa, BO B3pocjiOM
    ^
    B03pacTe CTaHeT noMexoft. ItepocAbiH MOAceT npoAOAAcaTb AHCCOAHHpoBaTb
    B KanecTBe BbiyneHHoro MexaHH3Ma BbiACHBaHHA H B pe3yjibTaTe nyBCTBOBaTb
    ce6n H30JIHp0 BaHHbIM H OTOpBaHHbIM OT 3MOIJHH , (J)H3HAeCKHX OmymeHHH
    H ApyrHX JIKDAOH. 3 CHMnTOMbI MeiliaiOT MeACAHAHOCTHblM OTHOineHHHM ,
    peryjiHpoBaHHio SMOIJHH H 3AOPOBOH caMonoMoniH.
    ZlHccoAHaAHH co3AaeT pa3Ae;ieHHe MeACAy TOH nacTbio AHAHOCTH, KOTO-
    pan BOBjieneHa B noBceAHeBHyK) ACH3Hb, H TOH nacTbio AHHHOCTH , KOTopan
    yAep cHBaeT HeBbiHOCHMbie SMOAHH H BocnoMHHaHHA . CorAacHO MOACAH
    ^
    CTpyKTypHOH AHCCOAHaiiHH AHHHOCTH [ van der Hart et al., 2006], AHCCOIJH -
    auHA CBA3aHa c OTcyTCTBHeM peaAH3aiiHH. RpyrnMH CAOBaMH , KAHCHT He
    MOACeT 0C03HaTb, HTO TpaBMaTHHeCKOe CoSbITHe OCTaAOCb B npOIHAOM HAH
    HTO OHO 3aKOHHHAOCb . OTCyTCTBHe 0C03HaHH0CTH MOACeT npHBeCTH K TOMy,
    HTO KAHeHTbl OTKAIOAaTCA OT TpaBMaTHHeCKOTO CoSbITHA, HeCMOTpA Ha Ha -
    CToe noBTopHoe nepeACHBaHHe CHMHTOMOB. MexaHH3Mbi ncHxoAOTHnecKOH
    3anj;HTbi HrpaiOT BaACHyio poAb B AHCCOAHaijHH. KAHCHT MOACCT noAaBHTb
    BOCnOMHHaHHe, HTo6 bI H36eACaTb npH3HaHHA SMOAHOHaAbHOH 6OAH, HAH
    OTpHuaTb B03AeflcTBHe AcecTOKoro o6pameHHA , roBopn: 3TO He 6BIAO
    6oAbIHOH npo6AeMOHM , HTo6bI CBeCTH K MHHHMyMy CBOH CTpaAAHHA. 3TOT
    npoijecc MOAceT TaKAce BKAionaTb B ce6n npHTBopcTBO, HTO Bee B nopAAKe ,
    KorAa 3TO He Tax. HHorAa cpeACTBa 3amHTbi 3acTaBAAiOT KAHCHTOB BHHHTB
    ce6A H HAeaAH3npoBaTb o6nAAHKa. K/ineHTbi TaKAce MoryT coo6maTb o jxe -
    nepcoHaAH3aijHH , KOTopoe BKAionaeT B ce6A OTKAioneHne OT co6cTBeHHbix
    MbiCAeii , nyBCTB, 4> H3HnecKHX omymeHHH H noBeAeHHA.
    MHorne KAHeHTbl nonepeMeHHO TO nyBCTByiOT ce6A OTOpBaHHbi-
    MH OT CBOerO 3MOUHOHaAbHOrO MHpa , TO nepenOAHAIOTCA HyBCTBaMH
    72 HacTb 1 OcHOBHbie KOHuenunn

    H omymeHHHMH , KOTopbie OHH He MoryT OOBHCKHTB. CHJibHbie omymeHHH


    MoryT B03HHKaTb 6e3 3KcnjiHHHTHbix BOcnoMHHaHHH, HTO MOHCCT nyraTb.
    B TaKHx cjiynanx H KJineHT, H ncHxoiepaneBT AOJDKHBI MHPHTBCH c RByc -
    ( ) H3HHeCKHX OmymeHHH , He HMe -
    MblCJieHHOCTbK) H HeOnpe,ZlieJieHHOCTbK) J
    IOIUHX conpoBoncztaiomero HX HappaTHBa. Ilpn pa6oie c #0Bep6ajibHbiMH
    6
    HJIH HeBep aJIbHbIMH BOCnOMHHaHHHMH BaHCHO nOMHHTb 0 HCKyHieHHH
    KaK juia KJiHeHTOB , TaK H ZJJIH ncHxoTepaneBTOB npoeijnpoBaTb HappaTHB
    Ha paHHue BocnoMHHaHHH o J
    ( ) H3HHecKHx omymeHHHx. ricHxoTepaneBTbi
    AOJDKHbi coxpaHHTb oco3HaHHe CBoeii CHJIH H BJIHHHHH H H36eraTb HaBOjxn -
    IIJHX Ha pa3MbimjieHHH BonpocoB HJIH HHTepnpeiaijHH nepe^cHBaHHH KJIH -
    eHTa . TaKoe oco3HaHHe oco6eHHo BancHO npn pa6oTe c KJineHTaMH, HMeio-
    IIJHX AHCCOI HaTHBHbie CHMnTOMbI HJIH
    ^ J
    ( ) H3HHeCKHe OmymeHHH, KOTOpbIM
    He xBaTaeT aiccnjiHijHTHbix BocnoMHHaHHH. B Taicnx cjiynanx ncnxoTepa -
    6
    neBTbi cocpeziOTaHHBaiOTCH Ha TOM , HTO BI noMOHb KJineHTaM onncaTb HX
    TeKymne nepencHBaHHH , a He Ha TOM , HTO6H noAnepicHBaTb Heo6xoflHMOCTb
    npHMeHHTb HCTOpHio K CBOHM omymeHHHM [ van der Kolk , 2003].

    HEHPOHHblE CETH H JIEHEHHE


    nCHXOJIOrHHECKHX TPABM
    HTo6bI JiyHHie nOHHTb HeHpo6HOJIOTHK) JieneHHH nCHXOJIOTHHeCKHX
    TpaBM, MbI AOJDKHbl 6oJiee BHHMaTeJIbHO H3yHHTb HeftpOHHbie CeTH.
    —
    HeiipoHHaii ceTb 3TO rpynna B3aHMOCBH3aHHbix HeiipoHOB B M03ry, KO-
    Topbie pa6oTaiOT BMecTe , (JiopMHpyH ocHOBy Bcero oOyneHHH. KancftbiH
    pa3, Kor a Mbi H3ynaeM HOBoe noBe eHHe, MBI co3,n;aeM HOByio HeiipoHHyio
    ^ ^
    Henb. HacTbie noBTopeHHH noBe eHHH yicpenjinioT 3Ty HeHpoHHyio ceTb 3a
    ^
    cneT MHejiHHH3aiiiHH HepBHbix nyTeft , HTO no3BOJineT CHTHajiaM npoxo/ jHTb
    —
    6biCTpo H njiaBHO. Bee BocnoMHHaHHH STO narrepHbi HenpoHHbix ceTen.
    Onus. HeiipoHHaH ceTb MonceT 6 biTb cBH3aHa c / jpyrHMH HenpoHHbiMH ce-
    THMH , Kor a noBe eHHe HJIH BocnoMHHaHHH HMeiOT ajieMeHTbi , noxonene
    ^ ^
    Ha JXPYRNE CO6BITHH HJIH nepencHBaHHH. HanpHMep, 3anaxn , BKycbi , 06-
    pa3bl, npHKOCHOBeHHH, 3ByKH, MbICJIH , 3MOIIHH, 4> H3HHeCKHe OIHymeHHH ,
    y6encziieHHH H JIIO/JH , noxonene Ha Tex, KTO BCTpenajicn paHbine, MoryT HHH -
    UiHHpOBaTb CBH3b MOK y HeHpOHHbIMH CeTHMH naMHTH.
    ^
    TTOOBI opraHH30BaTb cjioncHbie ABHHceHHH H cnoco6cTBOBaTb uejieHa-
    npaBJieHHOMy noBeAeHHio , Mbi AOJIHCHH HHTerpnpoBaTb HeiipoHbi B pa3-
    JIHHHBIX o6 jiacTHx M03ra. HanpHMep, npaBoe nojiymapne M03ra noMoraeT
    DiaBa 2 HaynHbie OCHOBM TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHOH ncHxoTepaimn 73

    HaM CKaHHpoBaTb oicpyacaiomyio cpeAy Ha HajiHHHe noTeHijHajibHbix pn -

    CKOB H yrpo3. B pe3yjibTaTe npaBoe nojiymapHe c 6ojibmefi BeponraocTbio


    y ep^CHBaeT HaniH HeraTHBHbie BocnpHAran H 3MOAHH , CBH3aHHbie c TpaB-
    ^
    MHpyiomHMH BOcnoMHHaHHHMH. HanpoTHB, jieBoe nojiymapHe cneima -
    jiH3HpyeTCH Ha nojio KHTejibHbix SMOIJHHX. HeHpoHHbie ceTH , B3aHMOAen -
    ^
    CTByioiiJiHe MeacAy JieBbiM H npaBbiM nojiymapHHMH M 03ra, noMoraiOT HaM
    Bbipa CaTb HyBCTBa CJIOBaMH H HHTerpHpOBaTb n 03HTHBH0e H HeraTHBHOe
    ^
    BoenpHHTHe 3MOAHH [ Silberman & Weingartner, 1986 ]. KpoMe Toro, HHTe-
    rpaijHH HeiipoHHbix ceTeft MeacAy nempaMH BepxHero M03ra ( HeoKopTeKc )
    H AeHTpaMH HHxcHero M03ra ( jiHMSHnecKan CHCTeMa H CTBOJI M03ra ) noMO-
    raeT ynpaBJiHTb HMnyjibcaMH H pa3BHBaTb 6ojiee CHJibHbiH caMOKOHTpojib.
    TpaBMaTHnecKHe BocnoMHHaHHH MO}KHO paccMaTpHBaTb KaK Hapyrne-
    HHe KOAHpOBaHHH HeftpOHHblX CeTeH. TpaBMaTHHeCKHe BOCnOMHHaHHH
    He HHTerpHpOBaHbl C n 03HTHBHbIMH nepe CHBaHHHMH H OrpaHHHHBaiOT
    ^
    B03M02KH0CTb BOcnpHHHMaTb HOByio HHcJiopMauHK) [ Shapiro 2018]. 3TO y

    OTKJiiOHeHHe yxyAinaeT cnocoSHOCTb KjmeHTa 6 biTb 3Mon, HOHajibHO 6-


    KHM HJIH KOrHHTHBHO KOHCTpyKTHBHbIM , AyMaH O TpyAHbIX 2CH3HeHHbIX
    co6biTHHx. HoBan HH opMaann , nojio^CHTejibHbm ac J
    ^ | )( ) eKT H pecypcHbie

    OmymeHHfl He MOryT 6 bITb JiyHKIJHOHaJIbHO CBH3aHbI C TpeBO)KHbIM BOC-


    (

    noMHHaHHeM. M3o6 pa ceHHH M 03ra noKa3ajiH , HTO y JIIOACH c AHarH 030M


    ^
    nocTTpaBMaTHHecKoro CTpeccoBoro paccrpoHCTBa aKTHBaunn npaBoro
    nojiymapHH Bbirne , neM jieBoro , no cpaBHeHHio c KOHTpojibHbiMH rpynna-
    MH [ Bergmann, 2010, 2012 ]. OAHa H3 uejien JieneHHH ncnxojiorHHecKHx

    TpaBM — nOBTOpHO aKTHBHpOBaTb HeiipOHHbie ceTH TpaBMHpyK) HI, HX co-


    6BITHH H npeAJioKHTb penapaTHBHbie nepeacHBaHHH , KOTopbie MoryT 06-
    AemHTb HHTerpaumo BO BceM M 03re .
    B nmpoKOM CMbicjie EMDR -Tepannn o6rbeAHHneT TpeBoacHbie HJIH He-
    raTHBHbie aCneKTbl BOCnOMHHaHHH C n03HTHBHbIMH MbICJIflMH H 3MOIJHH -
    MH , B03HHKai0IAHMH B pe3yjIbTaTe aAanTHBHOH o6pa6oTKH HH(])OpMamHH.
    CncTeMa aAanTHBHOH o6pa6oTKH HH opMaijHH STO HeHpoHHan CHCTeMa,
    ^
    KOTopan 3HaeT, KaK HHTerpnpoBaTb BHeniHioio HH opMaunio c BHyTpeH -
    ^
    HHMH nepe}KHBaHHHMH , TaKHMH KaK MbicjiH , nyBCTBa H omymeHHH. 0Ha
    npncyma BceM JHOAHM H o6ecnenHBaeT cnoco6HOCTb o6pa6aTbmaTb HH -
    ( )opMauHio H ynHTbcn Ha JHO6 OM onbrre , Aa )Ke CJIO CHOM. IIcHxojiorHHecKan
    J ^
    TpaBMa Mo ceT npepBaTb STOT ecrecTBeHHbiH npouecc H npHBecTH K Henpn -
    ^
    HTHbiM CHMnTOMaM , ecjiH y KJineHTa HeT BO3MO >KHOCTH o6pa6oTaTb SMOAHH
    H BOCnOMHHaHHH , CBH3aHHbie C Co6 bITHeM.
    74 HacTb 1 & OcHOBHbie KomjermHH

    EMDR-TepanHH noMoraeT KjmeHTaM noflicjiio-


    IloziroTOBHTejibHbiH 3Tan
    HHTbCH K H COCTOHHHHM B036y2c,zi;eHHH , HTo6 bI no-
    n03HTHBH0My acJxjjeKTy
    BbicHTb TOJiepaHTHOCTb K #eceHCH6HjiH3aijHH H nepepa6oTKe. HHCTajumijHH

    ^CHTejibHbift acJx -
    pecypcoB ycHjiHBaeT
    ozjHOKpaTHo npaKTHKOBaTb
    nojio

    ^ eKT, npezyiaran
    o6pameHHe BHHMaHHH Ha no3HTHBHbie o6pa-
    KjmeHTaM He

    3bi , MbicjiH , nyBCTBa H omymeHHH. B EMDR -TepanHH ecTb JXBE ocHOBHbie


    ijejm cocpe OTOHeHHH BHHMaHHH Ha HHCTajuiHi HH pecypcoB. Bo- nepBbix,
    ^ ^
    paCIHHpHTb AOCTyn KJIHeHTOB K y6e5K eHHHM H MOftejIHM nOBe eHHH, KO-
    ^
    Topbie noMoraiOT HM KOHCTpyKTHBHO pearapoBaTb Ha )KH3HeHHbie CTpeccbi
    ^
    H Tpe6oBaHHH. Bo- BTopbix, yicpenHTb jiejKamee B ocHOBe caMOomymeHHe,
    KOTopoe o6ecneHHBaeT ocHOBy /yra HAeHTHHHoc H CHOCO6HOCTH K caMO-
    peryjiHUHH [ Leeds, 2009]. BMemaTejibCTBa Ha ocHOBe HHCTajuraijHH pecyp-
    coB o6oramaiOT H yicpenjiniOT HeHpoHHbie ceTH , cBH3aHHbie c no3HTHBHbiMH
    omyniieHHHMH, SMOIJHHMH H KOTHHIJHHMH [ Korn & Leeds, 2002]. IIpHMepbi
    pecypcoB BKjnonaiOT B ce6fl MOMeHTbi JIIO6BH K flpyrHM, nyBCTBa JHO6BH
    K pyraM , omymeHHH yTemeHHH HJTH 3amHTbi, omymeHHH KOMneTeHTHOCTH
    ^
    HJIH ycnexa , a TaKace omymeHHH 6e3onacHOCTH , noKon HJIH paccjia6 jieHHH
    [ Leeds, 2009; Parnell, 2008; Shapiro , 2013]. Oorejib [ Fogel, 2009] npezmojia-
    raeT, HTO noBTopmomancH npaKTHKa no3HTHBHbix COCTOHHHH cnoco6cTByeT
    “ pa3BHTHio M03ra Ha ocHOBe nepe^cHBaHHft ”, HTO yKpenjineT HepBHbie nyTH,
    o6 jiernaH £OCTyn K HHcjjopMauHH B Oy/ jymeM. KpoMe TOTO, OH npe nojiaraeT,
    HTO HaCTO npH KyJIbTHBHpOBaHHH n 03HTHBHbIX COCTOHHHH eCTeCTBCHHblM
    ^
    o6pa30M noBbimaeT TejiecHyio oco3HaHHOCTb. IlpHMeHeHHe TejiecHO-opneH-
    TupoBaHHoii ncHxoTepanHH noBbimaeT TejiecHyio oco3HaHHOCTb BO BpeMH
    BMemaTejibCTB Ha ocHOBe HHCTajuraijHH pecypcoB, H noBbimaeT BepoHTHOCTb

    TOTO, HTO KJIHeHT CMOJKeT COXpaHHTb CBH3b CO CBOHM TeJIOM BO BpeMfl fle-
    ceHCH6HjiH3au; HH H nepepa6oTKH. K npoTOKOJiaM HHCTajuraijHH pecypcoB
    HaCTO JJo6aBJIHK)TCH KOpOTKHe CepHH flByCTOpOHHeft CTHMyjIHIJHH flBOHHOTO
    BHHMaHHH ( npoijeflypa BLS/ DAS). CnuTaeTCH , HTO noBTopHan npaKTHKa
    BMemaTejibCTB c pecypcaMH yKpenjraeT no3HTHBHoe COCTOHHHC. BO BpeMH

    HHCTajiJimiHH pecypcoB jiio6aH (JiopMa npoije.aypbi BLS/ DAS Mo ceT npo-


    ^
    BO HTbCH KaK c noMombio ncHxoTepaneBTa, TaK H caMOCTOHTejibHO. KJIHCHT
    ^
    Mo ceT nocTyKHBaTb ce6n no KOJieHHM HJIH njienaM , H3o6pajKan 6a6oHKy
    ^
    [ Shapiro , 2013, 2018].
    06paTHTe BHHMaHHe, HTO cpe H ncHxoTepaneBTOB cymecTByioT npo-
    ^
    THBOpeHHBbie B3rJIHftbI Ha yMeCTHOCTb Ji;o6aBJieHHH ByCTOpOHHeH CTHMy -
    ^
    JIHIJHH ABOHHOTO BHHMaHHH , nOCKOJIbKy B HeKOTOpbIX CJiyHaHX 3TO MOJKeT
    DiaBa 2 & Haynubie OCHOBM TejiecHO-opneHTupoBaHHOH ncuxoTepamiH 75

    CHH3HTb HpKocTb, npHHTHOCTb H CHJiy pecypca [ Homsveld et al., 2011].


    KpoMe Toro, npome ypa BLS/ DAS MoaceT npuBecTH K TOMy, HTO KJIHCHT
    ^
    HaHHeT nepepa6aTbiBaTb HenpHnrabie BocnoMHHaHHH , HTO MoaceT yMeHb-

    ^
    niHTb nojio CHTejibHoe BjiHHHHe HJIH noMemaTb nojmoijeHHOH HHCTajiJin -
    UHH pecypca. IIo STOH npHHHHe nepejx BBeziemieM npoueAypbi BLS/ DAS
    Ha JIIO6OM 3Tane EMDR -TepanHH peKOMeHjjyeTcn TmaTejibHo oijeHHBaTb
    KJineHTOB Ha npeAMeT JXHCCONHAUHH , nocKOJibicy 3TH KJiHeHTbi , KaK npa -
    BHJIO, HMeiOT nOHHJKeHHyiO CnOCo6 HOCTb nO/meptfCHBaTb COCTOHHHe n 03H -
    THBHoro a(])(}) eKTa H B036 yxc/i,eHHH [ Leeds , 2009 ]. KpoMe Toro, npn nepBOM
    npHMeHeHHH npoueflypbi BLS/ DAS /yra HHCTajuunjHH pecypcoB peicoMeH-
    JXyeTCH HaHHHaTb C OHeHb KOpOTKHX CepHH npO OJDKHTeJIbHOCTbK) OKOJIO
    ^
    8-15 ceKyujx H npoBepnTb cocTOHHHe KJineHTa MeiKjxy cepHHMH, HTO6M
    ou,eHHTb BepoHTHOCTb nepenojmeHHH TpeBoacamen HH|
    ( )opMaijHeH HJIH

    /l,HCCOUHaii;HH.
    3aieM 3Tan zi,eceHCH6 HjiH3aijHH no3BOJineT o6pa6oTaTb Tpe-
    KJineHTaM
    BOXcaiuHH TpaBMHpyiomHH Maiepnaji nocpeACTBOM HHTerpaijHH CBOHX no-
    jioxcHTejibHbix pecypcoB. B pe3yjibTaTe KJiHeHTbi jiynme cnoco6Hbi OTJIH -

    naTb Bbi6op, AOCTynHbiii 3Aecb H cennac, OT 6ecnoMomHOCTH HJIH 6eccHJiHH


    TpaBMaTHHecKoro npomjioro. Hccjie/ jOBaHHn noKa3biBaiOT, HTO npone ypa
    BLS/ DAS BO BpeMH ,aeceHCH6HJiH3aijHH CHH^caeT npicocTb, coMaranecKoe
    ^
    B036y CAeHHe H 3MOUHOHaJIbHyiO HHTeHCHBHOCTb , CBH3aHHbie C TpaBMaTH -
    ^
    necKHMH BOcnoMHHaHHHMH [ Bergmann , 2010; van den Hout , Muris , Salemink
    & Kindt, 2001; van den Hout , Eidhorf , Verboom , Little & Endelhard , 2014 ]. 3ia
    o6 jiacTb HeBpojiorHH Bee eme ocraeTCH HOBOH , noaTOMy cJ)H3HOJiorHHecKHe
    ocHOBbi JIIO6OH ncHxoTepanHH npe6 biBaiOT B npouecce OTicpbiran H Moiyr
    6biTb H3MeHeHbi. TeM He MeHee, Hccjie/ joBaHHH c Hcnojib30BaHHeM Heiipo-
    BH3yajiH3au; HH c noMonjbio OZJHOIJJOTOHHOH SMHCCHOHHOH KOMnbioTepHOH
    TOMorpa(]) HH [ Lansing , Amen , Hanks , & Rudy , 2005; Oh & Choi , 2007 ] H MO-
    HHTopHHra 3JieKTpo3Hue 4)ajiorpaMMbi [ Pagani et al., 2011, 2012 ] yxa3biBa -
    IOT Ha B03MO cHbie HeHpo4> H3HOJiorHHecKHe MexaHH3Mbi EMDR -TepanHH.
    ^
    HeiipoaHaTOMHHecKHe H3MeHeHHH BKjnonaiOT ycHjieHHe (JiyHKUHH jieBO-
    ro nojiymapHH [ Pagani et al., 2011], CHHaceHHe jiHM6HHecicoH aKTHBaijHH
    H noBbmieHHe aKTHBHOCTH Kopbi [ Pagani et al., 2012 ], a Taioice ycnjieHHe
    aKTHBauHH nepe/ jHeH noncHOH xopbi nocjie ceccHH EMDR -TepanHH. 3TH
    pe3yjibTaTbi CBH eTejibCTByioT 06 yBejinneHHH CHOCO6HOCTH KjmeHTa
    ^
    pa3MbinuiHTb o TpaBMaTHnecKOM MaTepnajie H noBbimeHHOM TopMoace-
    HHH Hpe3MepHOH JIH 3Vl 6HHeCKOH CTHMyjIHUHH . nCHXO(]3 H3HOJIOrHHeCKHe
    76 HacTb 1 OcHOBHbie KOHijeimnn

    H3MeHeHHH BKJiiOHaiOT ycHJieHHe napacHMnaTHHecKoro TOHyca 6 jiyHCAaio-


    mero HepBa H yraeTeHne CHMnaTHnecicoH CHCTeMbi [ Elofsson , von Scheele ,
    Theorell & Sondergaard , 2008; Sack , Hofmann , Wizelman & Lempa , 2008].
    ZIJIH EMDR-TepanHH 6buio npeAJionceHO HecKOJibKO MCTOAOB AOHCTBHH.
    Ilpouieziypa BLS/ DAS, no- BHAHMOMy, HarpyacaeT pafionyio naMHTb, HTO,
    B CBOK) onepe b, MeinaeT KjmeHTy cocpeAOTOHHTbcn Ha HapymeHHHx , CBH -
    ^
    3aHHbix c co6 biTHeM. TaioKe 6 biJio BbicKa3aHO npeAnojio ceHHe , HTO jiBy-
    ^
    CTOPOHHHH CTHMyjinijHfl ABOHHOTO BHHMaHHH o6 jierHaeT o6meHHe MencAy
    jieBbiM H npaBbiM nojiymapHHMH nocpeACTBOM
    PHTMHHHHX KOJie6aHHH
    AByCTOpOHHHX ABHHCeHHH TJia3 , HMHTHpyiOmHX bICTpbIH COH [ Stfckgold ,
    6
    2002]. MexaHH3M EMDR-Tepannn 3a-
    ^ onojiHHTejibHbm npe
    ^ jiaraeMbift
    KjnonaeTCH B TOM , HTO pHTMHHecKHe KOJie6aHHH BLS DAS CTHMyjiHpyioT
    /
    ^ ^ ^
    M03 cenoK H TajiaMyc. Mo3 cenoK nojiynaeT BXOAnmyio HH opMaiuno OT ica -
    2CA0H CeHCOpHOH CHCTeMbi , BKJIIOHaH 3pHTeJIbHyiO, CJiyXOByiO, TaKTHJIbHyiO,
    coMaTOceHCOpHyK), BecTH6yjiHpHyio H nponpHOuenTHBHyio. CTHMyjinijHH
    TajiaMOKopTHKajibHbix CBH3eft , no-BH HMOMy, yjiynmaeT o6pa6oTKy HH -
    ^
    ( ) opMaiiHH BO BceM M 03re [ Bergmann , 2008]. KpoMe TOTO , EMDR-TepanHH ,
    J
    no- BHziHMOMy, CTHMyjiHpyeT peryjinpyiomHe 4> yHKijHH nepeAHeft noncHOH
    KOpbl , B KOTOpbIX CTHMyjIHIJHH CBH3CH BepXHeTO M 03T 2L ( OTBeHatOIIJHX 3a
    HHCxoAHinyio o6pa6oTKy HH (J) opManHH ) AeaKTHBHpyeT ijeHTpbi HHHCHero
    M03ra ( oTBenaioiAHe 3a BOCxoAHinyio o6pa6oTKy HH (]) opManHH ). B3aHMHoe
    noAaBJieHHe 03HanaeT, HTO TOJibKO OAHa o6 jiacTb nepeAHeft noncHOH xopbi
    MOHceT 6 biTb aKTHBHa B JIIO6OH MOMeHT BpeMeHH. HanoMHHM , HTO nepeA -
    HHH noncHan Kopa HrpaeT BaacHyio pojib B noHBJieHHH H noBTopHOM ne-
    peHCHBaHHH CHMnTOMOB nOCTTpaBMaTHHeCKOTO CTpeCCOBOTO paCCTpOHCTBa.
    B 3TOM cjiynae aKTHBaijHH BeHTpajibHbix AHM6HH0CKHX CBH3efi nepeAHen
    noncHOH Kopbi noAaBJineT peryjinpyioinyio (JtyHKijHio AopcajibHOH nepeA -
    Heft noncHOH Kopbi [ Kaye , 2008]. HanpoTHB, EMDR-TepanHH aKTHBHpyeT

    ^
    AopcajibHbie CBH3H nepeAHeit noncHOH Kopbi c npe poHTajibHoft Kopon ,
    noAaBjiHH aKTHBaniHK) BeHTpajibHOH nepeAHen noncHOH Kopbi. HecKOJibKO

    aBTOpOB npeAnojioHCHjiH , HTO 3| ( )cj3eKTHBHoe jieneHHe ncnxojiorHHecKHx

    TpaBM BKJiKDnaeT B ce6n 6ajiaHc MencAy peryjmpyiomeH 4) yHKijHeH B cncTe-


    Me o6pa6oTKH HH (J) opMaijHH “ cBepxy BHH3 H ( yHKUHeft AOCTyna B CHCTe -
    ^
    Me o6 pa6oTKH HHcJjopMaijHH “ cHH3y BBepx ” [ Grant , 2016; Lanius & Paulsen ,
    2014; Paulsen & Lanius , 2009; van der KOJIK , 2003]. IlcHxojiorHHecKHe
    BMemaTejibCTBa no npHHijHny “ cBepxy BHH3 BKjnonaiOT B ce6n ncnxo-

    o6pa30BaHHe, BHHMaTeJIbHOCTb, BbIHBJieHHe HeraTHBHbIX H n03HTHBHbIX


    DiaBa 2 JSP HaynHbie OCHOBM TejiecHo-opneHTHpoBaHHOH ncuxoTepannw 77

    KOTHHIJHH H HHCTajiJiflLjmo pecypcoB. HanpoTHB, BocxoAnman o6pa6oTKa


    HH( j)opMamiH 3a/ieHCTByeT HH CHHC ueHTpbi M 03ra B JIMMSHHCCKOH CHCTeMe
    ^
    H CTBOJie M03ra , HTO6 BI noMonb KJiHeHTy nojiynHTb AOCTyn K 3M0ijH0Hajib-
    HHM H ceHcopHbiM KOMnoHeHTaM TpaBMaTHnecKoro MaTepnajia. CaMoe
    rjiaBHoe, yKpenjieHne CBH3H MejKAy BepxHHMH H HHXCHHMH M03T0BbiMH
    uempaMH CBH3aHO c o6;ienieHHeM AHCTpecca, accoijHHpoBaHHoro c TpaB-
    MaTHnecKHMH BOcnoMHHaHHHMH. CBH3aHHbm c 3THM npeAnojiaraeMbin
    MexaHH3M 3aKJIIOHaeTCH B TOM , HTO peaKAHH peJiaKCaUHH, HHHUHHpyeMaH
    npoijeAypoH BLS/ DAS, OKa3biBaeT racnmHH 3(})({)eKT Ha TpaBMaTHnecKHe
    BocnoMHHaHHH [ Shapiro, 2018]. IIocjieAHHH npe jiaraeMbifi MCTOA jxeft -
    ^
    CTBHH B EMDR -TepanHH 3aKJH0HaeTCH B TOM , HTO npoijeAypa BLS/ DAS
    cnoco6cTByeT opHeHTHpOBOHHOH peaKUHH, KOTopan npHBjieKaeT BHHMaHHe
    KJIHeHTa K HOBbIM CTHMyjiaM. OpHeHTHpOBOHHafl peaKI HH , nO- BH HMOMy,
    ^
    no3BOJineT KJiHeHTaM Ha6 jno#aTb 3a HX TexymuM OKpyjKeHHeM H onpeAe-
    ^
    JIHTB, HTO B AaHHbrn MOMCHT yrpo3bi HeT [ Barrowcliff , Gray , Freeman &
    Macculloch, 2004 ]. B EMDR -TepanHH KjmeHTbi noABepraiOTcn TpaBMaTH -
    HeCKHM BOCnOMHHaHHHM , BKJHOHan JIK)6oH CBH3aHHbIH HHTepOLtenTHBHblH
    AHCTpecc, OAHOBpeMeHHO ccbijiancb Ha CBOH TeKymne omymeHHH 6e3onac-
    HOCTH. B pe3yjibTaTe BcnoMHHaHHe TpaBMHpyiomHX BocnoMHHaHHH npn -
    Be eT K MeHbmeMy 6ecnoKOHCTBy. OpneHTHpoBOHHbiH OTBCT TaK ce AaeT
    ^ ^
    KJiHeHTaM B03M0)KH 0 CTb BOCnpHHHMaTb H HHTerpHpOBaTb HOByiO HH ( )Op J -
    MauHio H , cjieAOBaTejibHO, no3BOJineT ocMbicjiHBaTb 3nH30AHnecKHe Boc -
    noMHHaHHH C nOMOIIlibK) CeMaHTHHeCKHX BOCnOMHHaHHH [ Stickgold 2002 ]. ,
    ZlpyrHMH cjiOBaMH , no Mepe TOTO, KaK KJineHTbi pa3MbinuiHK)T HaA AOJITO-
    cpoHHbiM 3HaHHeM J
    ( ) aKTHHecKOH HHcjjopMaijHH, npoHexoAHT nepeoijeHKa
    aBTo6Horpa(}) HHecKHx , SMoijHOHajibHo Harpy ceHHbix BocnoMHHaHHH.
    ^
    Pa3JiHHHbie rnnoTeTHnecKHe MexaHH3Mbi EMDR -TepanHH, HO- BHAHMO-
    My, corjiacyiOTcn Apyr c ApyroM. TaKHM o6pa30M , AaHHbift o63op JiHTepaTy -
    pbi AaeT ocHOBaHHH npeAnojiaraTb, HTO npoijeAypa BLS/ DAS nopoacAaeT
    MHO cecTBeHHbie 3(J)(J) eKTbi , BKjnonan HHTH6HpoBaHHe pa6onen naMHTH ,
    ^
    aKTHBauHio CHCTeM 6 biCTporo CHa, ycHJieHHe TajiaMOKopTHKajibHoro 4> yHK -
    AHOHHpoBaHHH , peijHnpoKHoe HHTH6HpoBaHHe nepeAHen noncHOH Kopbi
    H CTHMyjIHAHIO OpHeHTHpOBOHHOH peaKIJHH. BaJKHO OTMeTHTb, HTO 3TH
    o6l HCHHTeJIbHbie MexaHH3MbI He CHHTaiOTCH B3aHMOHCKJIK)HaiOmHMH.
    )

    HHTerpaniHH TejiecHO-opHeHrapoBaHHOH ncnxoTepanHH Ha 3Tane Ae-


    ceHCH6HJiH3aAHH 4)OKycHpyeTCH Ha noBbimeHHH HHTepouenTHBHOH oc-
    BeAOMJieHHOCTH H pa3BHTHH CnOCo6HOCTH CnpaBJIHTbCH C 6oJie3HeHHbIMH
    78 HacTb 1
    ^ OcHOBHbie KOHiienimn

    SMOIJHflMH H OmymeHHHMH. 0# HaKO o6pameHHe J


    K #HCKOM( ) OpTy B Tejie

    Tpe6yeT cooTBeTCTByiomero rnara , HTO6BI H36eHcaTb “ 3aTonjieHHH SMOIJH -


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    Ha HacTOHmee, a zjpyran — Ha npomjioe, HTO6M OH MOR ocraBaTbcn B 6e3o-


    nacHOCTH BO BpeMH nepepa6oTKH TpaBMHpyiomHX BOcnoMHHaHHH.
    Ilpouecc HenpeAB3HToro caMOHa6 jnoAeHHH MO^ceT 6biTb nyyKjx MHOTHM
    KjmeHTaM , noTOMy HTO name Bcero zjeTen He ynaT roBOpHTb onncaTejibHO
    6
    H HenpeAB3HTO B npoijecce HX o yHeHHH. 3TOT npoijecc TaK tce Mo ceT
    ^ ^ 6biTb
    £o6 £JIH ncnxoTepaneBTOB. Hx O6HHHO ynaT
    He3HaKOMbiM H
    ^aace HeyHarHOCTHpoBaTb
    HHTepnpeTHpoBaTb H
    HbiM
    nepeacHBaHHH KJineHTOB. OflHaKO
    ^
    oco3HaHHOCTb, npHMeHHeMan K ncHxoTepanHH, KOHTpacTHpyeT c STHM 06-
    yneHHeM. OHa no pa3yMeBaeT, AOJDKHBI 6biTb TOTO-
    ^ HTO ncHxoTepaneBTbi
    BBIMH npH3HaTb CBoe He3HaHHe H jxejidLTh OTKpbiTHH B npoijecce HCCJieAOBa-
    HHH.B paMKax ncHXOTepaneBTHHecKoro o6MeHa nacro B03HHKaeT acejiaHne
    y3HaTb 3HaneHHe HenpHHTHoro omymeHHH. CMBICJI MoaceT noMOHb nejio-
    BeKy nonyBCTBOBaTb KOHTPOJIB, HO CJIHHIKOM nocneumaH HHTepnpeTau; HH
    OmymeHHH MOJKeT CJiyJKHTb JCOnpOTHBJieHHH HJIH H36eraHH5I , HTO
    ( )OpMOH

    B KOHenHOM HTore MO ceT noMemaTb


    ^ nepepa 6oTKe TpaBMaTHnecKoro MaTe-
    pnajia . Co BpeMeHeM KJineHTbi MoryT noHHTb , HTO £ajKe npocToe oco3HaHHe
    4> H3HHecKoro HanpHJKeHHH H ^ bixaHHH MOJKeT HanaTb npoijecc HcijejieHHH.
    HayHHTbcn Ha6 jno£aTb 3a omymeHHHMH B Tejie STO HaBbiK, KOTopbift
    HyjKHO pa3BHBaTb. KaK ncHxoTepaneBT, BH MOJKeTe noMOHb KjmeHTaM pa3-
    BHTb TeJieCHyiO 0C03HaHH0CTb, TIIiaTeJIbHO HCnOJIb3yn H3bIK . npHBeAeM He-
    CKOJIbKO npHMepOB.

    • IIpHTopM03HTe H noHHTepecyiiTecb CBOHMH omymeHHHMH.


    • IIocMOTpHTe, HTO npoHcxo^HT, noKa Bbi HcnbiTbiBaeTe omymeHHe, He
    3acTaBjiHH ero Hcne3HyTb, He HcnpaBjinn ero H He H3MeHHH KBKHM -JIH -
    60 o6pa30M.
    DiaBa 4 IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa jym noBbimeHun TejiecHoiL. 99

    • IlocTapaHTecb 3aMeTHTb jiio 6bie MBICJIH, 3MOUHH , y6e>K,zi,eHH5i HJIH


    BocnoMHHaHHH , CBH 3aHHbie c omymeHHeM , KOTopoe Bbi HcnbiTbreaeTe
    np^ MO cennac.
    • 06paTHTe BHHMaHHe Ha JIK 6oH HMnyjIbC OIjeHHTb CBOH <J H3HHeCKHe
    ) )

    omymeHHH KaK xopoume HJIH njioxne . McoiceTe JIH Bbi BepHyTbCH


    K BOCnpHHTHK) J
    ( ) H3HHeCKHX OmymeHHH?

    Co BpeMeHeM Bbi o6yHHTe RJIHCHTOB 3TOMy HOBOMy H3biKy, cnoco6cTByH


    MOMeHTajIbHOMy 0C03HaHHI0 HX OmymeHHH. 3TOT HaBbIK CJiy CHT OCHOBOH
    ^
    oco3HaHHH , Hcnojib3yeMoro Ha aianax eceHCH6HjiH3au;HH
    AJIH TejiecHoro
    ^
    H nepepa6oTKH B paMKax EMDR -TepanHH. HacTbio H3yneHH5i HOBoro Te-
    jiecHoro H3bixa Taxace HBJineTCH pa3BHTHe cjiOBapHoro 3anaca, KOTopbiH

    noMoraeT onncbiBaTb omymeHHH. IIpezi,ocTaBbTe BameMy K j m e m y cjie/ jy -


    K) IU, HH CnHCOK COMaTHHeCKHX TepMHHOB , HTo6 bI nOMOHb eMy OnpeAeJIHTb,
    HTO OH HCnbITbIBaeT.

    CoMaTimecKHii cjiOBapb
    Bo;ie3HeHHOCTb IojiOBOKpyaceHHe Pa3ApaxceHHOCTb Cnpy^ HBaHHe
    PacnHpaHHe OTyneHHe JlerKOCTb CnjibHbiH

    3a6 jIOKHpOBaHHbIH Ha3JieKTpH30BaHH0CTb ToUIHOTa yjxyuibe


    OjIbllHKa Bo36y^cjieHHe OHeMeHHe riOTJIHBOCTb
    BojiHeHHe SKCnaHCHBHOCTb Pa36HTOCTb HanpH^ceHHOCTb
    OnbBHeHHe IloKpacHeHHe JlaBJiemie OrjiymeHHe
    03HO6 TpeneTaHne IloKajibiBaHHe IlyjibcauHH
    3aTopMoxceHHocTb MccTynjieHHe OTeHHOCTb CTeCHeHHOCTb
    XoJIOJJHblH 3aMopoxceHHbiH PippaAHauHfl IloKajibiBaHHe

    KoHrecraH HeneTKOCTb PacmaTaHHOCTb JlpoyKb


    3ajKaxocTb Tn^cecTb Pe3KHH Tenjioia

    TycTOH 3ya DiaAKHM BojIHHHCTblH

    HABJIIO£ ATEJIbHbIE HABbIKH nCHXOTEPAIIEBTA


    Kax o6cy 2, -opHeHTHpOBaHHan ncnxoTepa -
    — 3TO He^
    ajiocb B rjiaBe TejiecHO

    nHH npocTO Ha6op BMemaTejibCTB, npe£Ha3HaHeHHbix /yin KjrneH -


    Ta , a ocHOBa HacrpoeHHoro npHcyTCTBHH ncHxoTepaneBTa. IIo Mepe Toro,
    100 HacTb 2 G? ricuxoTepaneBTHMecKHe BMeniaTejibCTBa

    KaK ncHxoTepaneBTbi 3aHHMaiOTCA caMOHa6AK)AeHHeM 3a TejiOM , -


    ncnojib

    3yH COMaTHHeCKHH CJIOBapb, OHH nOBbllliaiOT OCBeAOMJieHHOCTb O CBOHX


    6
    Co cTBeHHbIX 3MOIJHAX H COCTOHHHAX B 036yACAeHHA , KOTOpbie OHH npHB-
    HOCAT B CeCCHH , H O TOM , KaK OHH MOiyT nOBAHATb Ha nepeACHBaHHA KJIHeH -
    Ta. HTO6BI pa3BHTb HaBbiKH caMOHa6 jnozi;eHHH , ncHxoTepaneBT pa3BHBaeT
    TO , HTO ApTyp /JeHKMaH [ Deikman , 1983] Ha3biBaeT “ Ha 6AK>AaiomHM A .
    3TOT TepMHH 03HanaeT cnoco6HOCTb nejioBeKa coxpaHATb BHHMaTejibHyio
    0C03HaHH0CTb H C03HaTeJIbH0 ynpaBAATb (})OKyCOM CBOerO BHHMaHHA.
    HanpHMep, oobeKTOM Barnero BHHMaHHA B AaHHbiH MOMCHT MoryT 6biTb
    cjioBa Ha 3TOH CTpaHHije; TCM He MeHee , Bbi MoaceTe nepeKJiioHHTb CBoe BHH -

    MaHHe Ha Ka6HHeT, B KOTOpOM Bbi CHAHTe , H OmyTHTb BAHAHHe OKpy KaiO-


    ^
    men cpe^bi , HanpHMep TeMnepaTypy B03Ayxa HJIH 3ByKH. KpoMe TOTO , ecjiH
    BBI 3aKpoeTe rjia3a, TO MOAceTe omyTHTb TeneHHe npoijeccoB, npoTeKaiomHx
    B TeJie, HJIH COCpe OTOHHTb CBOe BHHMaHHe Ha KOHKpeTHbIX OmymeHHHX.
    ^
    KPHCTHH Koji yajui [ Caldwell, 1996, 1997] BHe pnjia KOHijemjHK) “ Ha-
    ^ ^
    6AK)Aaiomero A B TejiecHO-opHeHTHpOBaHHyio ncHxoTepanHio, pa3pa6oTaB
    CBOH noAxoA, KOTOpbiH Ha3biBaeTCA BHraTejibHbiM IJHKAOM . /IJIH yKpenjie-
    ^
    HHA “ Ha6 jHO aioiij;ero A OHa npe jiaraeT ncHxoTepaneBTaM BbinoAHATb co-
    ^ ^
    3HaTejibHoe nepe OBaHHe BHHMaHHA MeACAy BHyTpeHHHM H BHeniHHM BOC -
    ^
    npHHTHeM , a TaKAce ( jjoKycnpoBaHHe BHHMaHHA Ha onpe ejieHHOH TOHKe
    ^
    HJIH nepeHanpaBjieHHe BHHMaHHA Ha 6ojiee rjio6ajibHoe cocroAHHe oco3-
    HaHHOCTH. PaCCMOTpHM 3TH HeTbipe o6 jiaCTH 0C03HaHH0CTH , HTO6H JiyHHie
    nOHHTb HX CMbICJT.

    • BHHMaHHe , HanpaBJieHHoe BOBHC . 3TOT BHA BHHMBHHA no3BOjmeT


    ncHXOTepaneBTy Ha6 jnoAaTb 3a ACCCTAMH , no30H H BbipaAceHHeM Anna
    . KpoMe TOTO , 3TO oco3HaHHocTb no3BOjmeT ncHXOTepaneBTy
    KJiHeHTa
    3aMenaTb TOHKHC H3MeHeHHA imeTa KOACH , xapaKTepa AbixaHHA H MH -
    KpoABH ceHHH , TaKHx KaK HJIH noACHMaHHe njienaMH.
    ^ rjiOTaHHe

    • rjio6ajibHoe BHHMaHHe , HanpaBJieHHoe BOBHC . 3TOT BHA BHHMaHHA


    npeAnoAaraeT ninpoKyio HacTpOHKy Ha o6 mee npncyTCTBHe KJiHeHTa.
    OH MOACCT BKAionaTb B ce6n pacno3HaBaHHe TOTO (JiaKTa, HTO KJIHCHT
    AeMOHCTpHpyeT noAaBAeHHOCTb, PHTHAHOCTB , CBepx6AHTeAbHOCTb
    HAH 3MOAHOHaAbHyiO HeypaBHOBeiHeHHOCTb .
    • BHHMaHHe , HanpaBAeHHoe BHyTpb . IIpHMeHeHHe STOTO BHAa BHH -
    MaHHA no3BOAAeT ncHXOTepaneBTy HcnoAb30BaTb caMOHa6AK> AeHHe
    KaK cnoco6 3aMenaTb onpeAeAeHHbie o6AacTH AHHHOH TeAecHOH
    DiaBa 4 GP IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKiie BMeinaTejibCTBa jyra noBbimeHHH TejiecHOH... 101

    oco3HaHHOCTH. HanpHMep , ncuxoTepaneBT MoaceT 3aMeTHTb Hanpn -


    aceHHe B njienax , CTecHemie B JKHBOTC HJIH 3aTpyzjHeHHoe AbixaHHe.
    3Ta npaKTHKa oco6eHHO no;ie3Ha, ecjm ee BbinojmnTb AO Toro, KaK
    KjmeHT Boii eT B Ka6 nHeT, HTO6 BI
    ^ ^OCTHHB 6a30Boro ypoBHH Tejie-
    CHOH oco3 HaHHOCTH . 3aTeM , Kor a 3aieM STO ynpa KHeHHe noBTopHO
    ^ ^
    HCnOJIb3yeTCH BO BpeMH CeCCHH , TOHKHe H3MeHeHHH B - TejiecHOH 0C03
    HaHHOCTH MoryT o6ecneHHTb o6paTHyio CBH3b o noTeHU, n -
    nojie3Hyio

    ajibHOM KOHTpnepeHOce HJIH coMaTHnecKOM pe30 HaHce.

    • Dio6ajibHoe BHHMaHHe , HanpaBjieHHoe BHyTpb. 3TOT BVLJX BHHMB-


    HHN no3BOJineT ncHxoTepaneBTy Hcnojib30 BaTb caMOHa6 jnozi;eHHe
    Rjm oueHKH O 6IIIHX omymeHHH B Tejie. HanpHMep, ncHxoTepaneBT
    MoaceT 3aMeTHTb o6mee nyBCTBo ycTajiocTH , 6ecnoKOHCTBa HJIH BO3-
    6y}K,zi eHHH. TaKoe oco3HaHHe
    1
    MO CCT noMOHb B caMoperyjnmHH BO
    ^
    .
    BpeMH ceccHH H nocjiyjKHTb KaK MOftejibio zyra KJineHTa , TaK H cpe#-
    CTBOM B3aHMHOH peryJIHIJHH COCTOHHHH HepBHOH CHCTCMbl.

    U,ejibio ynpajKHeHHH /yin caMOHa6 jiiOAeHHH , BbinojiHneMbix ncnxoTe-


    paneBTOM , HBjmeTcn pa3BHTne oco3HaHHOCTH , TH6 KOCTH H Bbi6opa ( )OKyca J
    BHHMaHHH. OjXUZKO HaCTO B03HHKai0T npHBbIHHbie COCTOHHHH C03HaHHH ,
    npn KOTopbix BHHMaHHe 3acTpeBaeT B OZJHOM COCTOHHHH . CO BpeMeHeM
    TaKHe npHBbIHHbie npeAnOHTeHHH BHHMaHHH yTOMJIHIOT H CnOCo cTByiOT 6
    BbiropaHHio ncHxoTepaneBTa HJIH ycTajiocTH OT cocTpajjaHHH.
    HHorjia y ncHxoiepaneBTOB Hafijno/iaeTCH orpaHHneHHan TepnHMOCTb
    K SMOHHOHaJIbHOMy HCTpeCCy KJIHeHTa HJIH K Me CJIHHHOCTHOMy KOH( )JIHKTy
    ^ ^ J
    B paMKax ncHxoTepaneBTHnecKHx OTHOineHHH. B pe3yjibTaie ncnxoTepaneB-
    TH MoryT npH6erayTb K nepeKjnoneHHio BHHMaHHH KaK K cnoco6y cnpaBHTb-
    CH C JI,HCKOM(J)OpTOM. 3HaHHe O JIHHHbIX npeAnOHTeHHHX B OTHOineHHH BHH -
    MaHHH MOJKeT npe OCTaBHTb aeHHyiO HHCJ)OpMaUHIO 0 Co6cTBeHHOH HCTOpHH
    ^
    ncHxoTepaneBTa. HanpHMep, CKJIOHHOCTB ncHxoTepaneBTa cocpe OTaHH -
    ^
    BaTbcn Ha BHyTpeHHeM HCTpecce, Kor a KJineHT 3JIHTCH , MoaceT yKa3bmaTb
    ^ ^
    Ha Heo6xo£HMOCTb HeKOTopoii ncHxoTepaneBTHnecKOH pafiora Ha# CO6OH .
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    ^
    ema H3-3a CBoeid co6cTBeHHoii Hecnoco6HOCTH TepneTb raeB B Ka6HHeie.
    YnpajKHeHHH no caMOHa6 jnoAeHHio noMoraiOT ncnxoTepaneBTaM pa3BHBaTb
    FH6KOCTB HepBHOH cHCTeMbi, Korapan noMoraeT 3a6oTHTbcn o ce6e.
    IlcHxoTepaneBTbi TaK^ce MoryT nepeacHBaTb coMaTHnecKHH pe30HaHC, KO -
    TopbiH npe CTaBJineT CO6OH (fiopMy BocnpoH3Beji eHHH omymeHHH KJIHeHTa .
    ^ ,

    HHor a, KOima KJiHeHTbi ncnbiTbiBaioT CHjibHbie (J) H3HHecKHe omymeHHH ,


    ^
    102 HacTb 2
    ^ IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    .
    ncHxoTepaneBTbi neftcTBHTejibHO HcnbiTbiBaiOT Te
    ^ce omymeHHH B CBoeM
    Tejie . HanpHMep, ncHxoTepaneBT MO^KCT nyBCTBOBaTb KOM B ropjie, TOHHO TaK
    >Ke, KaK KJiHeHT. ECJIH ncHxoTepaneBT He noHHMaiOT npnpo bi 3Toro npoijec-
    ca, OH o6biHHo jxyuaej , HTO STO Bcero jinnib jiHHHoe omymeHHe, He CBH3aHHoe
    ^
    c nepe^cHBaHHHMH KJiHeHTa. 3TOT npoijecc MO^KeT HanyraTb ncnxoTepaneB-
    Ta , noTOMy HTO OH MoaceT OKa3aTbcn oneHb MomHbiM. B pe3yjibTaTe ncH -
    xoTepaneBT MoaceT Henpe HaMepeHHO oTTOJiKHyTb KJiHeHTa. YnpajKHeHHH
    6
    ^
    jyin TejiecHoro caMOHa jno eHHn noMoraiOT ncHXOTepaneBTy Hcnojib30BaTb
    ^
    3Ty HH (J)opMauHio, HTO6M noMOHb KjineHTy nonyBCTBOBaTb ce6n noHHTbiM ,
    a caMOMy coxpaHHTb KOHTpojib HAJX CBOHM TejiOM.
    PaccMOTpHM HeKOTopbie pacnpocTpaHeHHbie npHBbiHHbie npe/ jnoHTe-
    HHH H HX nOABOflHbie KaMHH.

    • IIpeAnoMTeHHe, c J OKycHpoBaHHoe Ha BHeuiHeM MHpe. IlpH STOM


    ()

    npe,zi;nonTeHHH ncHxoTepaneBTbi TaK CHJIBHO cocpe OTanHBaiOTcn


    Ha nepe}KHBaHHHx KJiHeHTa, HTO 3a6biBaiOT KOHTpojinpoBaTb CBoe
    ^
    co6cTBeHHoe Tejio H bixaHHe Ha npOT^DKeHHH Been ceccnn. Ilorpy-
    ^
    KeHHe B AeTajiH nepe >KHBaHHH KJiHeHTa MO KCT OTBjienb ncnxoTepa -
    ^
    neBTa OT no/mep)KaHH5i CBH3H C co6cTBeHHbiM TejiOM. B HeKOTopbix
    CHTyauiHHx ncHxoTepaneBTbi MoryT cTaTb CBepx6,ziiHTejibHbiMH , nbiTa -
    ncb 3aMeTHTb Ka}KAyio eTajib, HTO6H cnpaBHTbcn c JIHHHMM AHCKOM -
    (})OpTOM BO BpeMH CeCCHH.
    ^
    • Dio6ajibHoe npeflnoHTeHHe , ccJioKycHpoBaHHoe Ha BHeuiHeM MHpe .
    IlpH 3TOM npezunoHTeHHH ncHxoTepaneBTbi MoryT ynycKaTb TOHKHe
    CHTHajibi , npojieMOHCTpHpoBaHHbie KJineHTOM. HanpHMep, ncnxoTe -
    paneBTbi MoryT He 3aMenaTb, Korjja KJIHCHT OTBO HT B3rjiHfl , H noa -
    TOMy MoryT nponycTHTb CHraaji o
    ^
    TOM , HTO KJIHCHT nyBCTByeT ce6n
    no . 3TO MO>KeT npHBecTH K
    aBjieHHbiM pa3pbiBy ncnxoTepaneB-
    ^
    THHecKoro o6MeHa. B JXPYRNX cjiynanx 6
    rjio ajibHoe npe/inoHTeHHe,
    cc})OKycHpoBaHHoe Ha BHeniHeM MHpe , MoaceT npHBecTH K TOMy, HTO
    ncHxoTepaneBT OTBjieneTCH HJIH OTKJHOHHTCH , BO3MO >KHO, yKa3biBan
    Ha JIHHHHH AHCKOM ( )OPT. J B HeKOTopbix cHTyaijHnx 3TO npezinoHTe -
    HHe BHHMaHHH CTaHOBHTCH £JIH nCHXOTepaneBTOB CnOCo6oM AHCTaH -
    UiHpOBaTbCH OT HHTeHCHBHOTO npOHBJieHHH HyBCTB KJIHeHTaMH.

    • IIpeAnoHTeHHe, ccj)OKycHpOBaHHoe BOBHyTpb . Ilpn 3TOM upejx -


    noHTeHHH ncHxoTepaneBTbi MoryT 6biTb norjiomeHbi onpejjejieH -
    HblMH JIHHHbIMH 3MOUH5IMH H OIIiymeHHHMH. ECJIH nCHXOTepaneBT
    DiaBa 4 ncHxoTepaneBTHHecKne BMemaTejibCTBa JXJM noBbimeHHH TejiecHoii... 103

    03a6oneH Co6 cTBeHHOH SMOIJHOHaJIbHOH HJIH J


    ( ) H3HHeCKOH 6oJIbIO,
    eMy MO ceT 6 biTb TpyuHbiM yzjejiHTb BHHMaHHe KjmeHTy. B pe3yjibraTe
    ^
    CBH3b c KJiHeHTOM npHHOCHTCH B acepTBy. OflHaico TaKoe npe -
    Hne MO)KeT Taiofce B03HHKHyTb, ecjiH ncHXOTepaneBTbi HMeiOT
    ^noHTe
    orpa-
    HHHeHHyio TepnuMOCTb K Hcrpeccy KJiHeHTa. B STOM cjiynae o3a6o-
    HeHHOCTb JIHHHbIM
    ^
    HCKOM J OpTOM CTaHOBHTCH CnOCo6oM OTBJieHb
    jiHHHoe
    ^ ( )

    BHHMaHHe OT ncHXOTepaneBTHnecKoro o6 MeHa.

    • Dio6 ajibHoe c( j)OKycHpOBaHHoe BOBHyrpb. Ilpn STOM


    npeAnoHTeime,
    npe noHTeHHHM ncHXOTepaneBTbi MoryT OTBJieKaTbcn Ha O6IH,HH TOH
    ^
    HyBCTB, KOTOpblH npOHH3bIBaeT HX C03HaHHe. HHOITja SMnaTHHeCKHe
    ncHXOTepaneBTbi MoryT HcnbiTbmaTb coMaTHnecKHii pe30HaHC c KJIH -
    eHTOM , KOTOpblH HaHHHaeT ZIOMHHHpOBaTb B HX BHyTpeHHeM caMo-
    co3HaHHH. B TaKOH CHTyaijHH , ecjiH ncHXOTepaneBTbi He o6 jia aiOT
    3HaHHHMH 0 TOM, KaK HCn 0JIb30BaTb COMaTHHeCKHH KOHTpnepeHOC
    ^
    npn pa6oTe c KTHCHTOM , OHH MoryT nyBCTBOBaTb ce6n 3acTpnBniHMH
    B 3MOUHHX H omymeHnnx nocjie ceccHH , HTO co BpeMeHeM MoaceT cno-
    Co6cTBOBaTb BblTOpaHHK) HJIH yCTaJIOCTH OT COCTpa/iaHHH.

    C/ie pa3BHTHH 6 npe/yiara-


    ^yioman TexHHKa & jm HaBbiKOB Ha jnozieHHH
    eT nepeKjnonaTb BHHMaHHe Meacfly 3THMH neTbipbMH o6 jiacTHMH, HTo6bi
    noBbicHTb oco3HaHHoe BocnpHHTHe TOTO, Kyaa HanpaBJieHO BHHMaHHe.
    Ilpouecc nepeMemeHHH BHHMaHHH c OAHOH o6 jiacra Ha /ipyryio noMoraeT
    noMep CHBaTb caM0C03HaHHe , coxpaHnn npn STOM noHHMaHHe TOTO, HTO
    ^
    MO ceT npoHexoziHTb c KJiHeHTOM. 3Ta TexHHKa nepeKjnoneHHH BHHMaHHH
    ^
    MOtfceT yBejiHHHTb Bamy cnoco6HOCTb OTCJie)KHBaTb co6cTBeHHoe nepeacn -
    BaHHe noTeHunajibHoro KompnepeHoca H MoaceT noMOHb nepec})OKycHpo-
    BaTb MbicjiH , Kor / ja OHH HanHHaioT 6;iy cAaTb BO BpeMH ncHxoTepanHH.
    ^
    3T 2L TexHHKa Taoce yBejiHHHBaeT cnoco6HOCTb OTCJie^cHBaTb TOHKHC
    coMaTHnecKHe H acJx eKTHBHbie cnniajibi, HTO co3flaeT CHjibHyio ncnxoTe-
    ^
    paneBTHnecKyio CBH3b, nozmep>KHBaiomyK) peryjiHpoBaHHe KaK /yin ncnxo-
    TepaneBTa , TaK H JUJJL KJineHTa. CMemeHHe BHHMaHHH BHyTpb MoaceT no-
    MOHB BaM noHHTb , Kor a aiejxyeT 3aHHTbcn peryjiHpoBaHHeM noBeAeHHH ,
    ^
    HanpaBjieHHoro Ha caMonoMonjb H pa3BHBaiomero cnoco6HOCTb coxpa -
    HHTb npncyTCTBHe H 3a3eMjieHHe B ycjiOBHnx Hanpn ceHHOCTH , B TO BpeMn
    ^
    KaK BHeniHHe Ha6 jnoAeHHH 3a KJIHOHTOM MoryT noMOHb BaM HacTpoHTbcn
    Ha COCTOHHHH THnepB036 yXCZlieHHH HJIH THn 0B036 y}KAeHHH H 3(J)(J)eKTHBHO
    pearnpoBaTb Ha KJiHeHTa , CHH can BeponTHOCTb ftHCCOijHaijHH.
    ^
    104 HacTb 2 & IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTe^bCTBa

    H3yHHTe ciie/iyromyio TexHHKy fljm noBbimeHH/i TejiecHOH 0C03HaHH 0-


    CTH y ncHXOTepaneBTOB no# Ha3BaHHeM “ Ha6 jnoflaTejibHbie HaBbiKH ncn -
    xoTepaneBTa”. BO3MOXCHO , BaM npHfleTca 3amicaTb STOT cueHapHH HJIH no-
    npocHTb Koro- Hn6vflb npoHHTaTb ero BaM , MTO6M BH MOTJIH B ITOJIHOH Mepe
    HcnbiTaTb 3Ty TexHHKy B nepBbin pa3. Kax TOJibKO BM ocBomecb c STOH
    TEXHHKOH , Bbi MoaceTe HauaTb H3ynaTb nepeKniOHeHHe Barnero BHHMaHHH
    BO BpeMH CeCCHH C BaiUHMH KJIHeHTaMH.

    TexHHKa /{ jin noBbiineHHH TejiecHOH oco3HaHHOcra


    y ncHXOTepaneBTOB: Ha6 jno aTejibHbie HaBbiKH
    ncHxoTepaneBTa
    ^
    Bbino /iHeHMB 3 TOM TexHMKM 3 anMMTe yflo 6 Hoe no/ioxeHne. lloHyB -
    CTByMTe ce 6 a B CBoeM xpec /ie . 06paime BHMMaHne Ha TO , Ha HTO ecre -
    CTBeHHO HanpaBJieHO Baiue BHMMaHne B 3TOT MOMeHT. HanpaB /ieHO /in
    Baiue BHMMaHne npenMymecTBeHHO Ha (J) H 3 HHecKne oiuymeHna nun B OC -
    HOBHOM Ha BHeiuHiofo cpefly ? CocpeflOToneHO BH Baiue BHMMaHne Ha HeM -
    TO KOHKpeTHOM H /IM 6 o /iee r/106 a /lbH 0 M ? ripOCTO OTMeTbTe, KaKOBO Baiue
    BocnpnBTne n o 6 iflne BneHaT/ieHMB. HeT npaBn /ibHoro n /in HenpaBn /ibHO -
    ro BocnpnflTHB .
    Tenepb o 6paime BHMMaHne Ha BHemHioio cpefly. OpeHme o 6 Lflee omyifle -
    Hne OT Ka 6nHeia , OTMenaa Jiio 6 bie pBeTa , 3 Byxn n /w HTO -TO eifle , npnB /ie -
    Katoiflee Baiue BHMMaHne. Kaxne 4) M 3 MHecKne oiflymeHna BO 3 HMK/W y Bac
    noc /ie nepeHoca Barnero BHMMaHnq Ha Ka 6nHeT?
    Tenepb no 3 BO/ibre CBoeMy BHMMaHnio nepeK/uoinTbca Ha MTO -TO KOHKpeT-
    Hoe BHe Bac . CocpeflOTOHbTe CBoe BHMMaHne Ha STOM Mecie non o 6beKTe.
    06 paTme BHMMaHne Ha pBeT, cjiopMy n Texcrypy. Kaxne 4>n3 M 4 ecxne omy-
    ifleHna B 03 HMK /IM y Bac noc /ie Toro , xax Bbi cocpeflOTOMn /in CBoe BHMMa -
    Hne Ha BHeiiiHeM o 6beKTe ?

    Eipe pa 3 oco3Hanie o 6 iflee omyipeHne Ka 6 nHeia .


    Tenepb o 6 paTme BHMMaHne Ha BHyipeHHnn /laHflLuatfiT Barnero Te /ia.
    Kaxne BHyipeHHne omyifleHna Bbi ncnbiTbiBaeie ? Oiuyime CBoe Te/io
    B npodpaHCTBe. 06 paTMTe BHMMaHne, ecTb /in o 6 iflnn 3 MounoHa /ibHbin
    TOHyc B BaiueM Te /ie. Tenepb nepeMecTme BHMMaHne Ha oflHy 06 /iadb
    Te/ia n cocpeflOTOHbTecb Ha omyifleHnn , Kdopoe npnB /ieK /io Baiue BHHMa -
    Hne. rioHa 6/iioflanTe , HTO nponcxoflMT, xorfla Bbi oxycnpyeiecb Ha STOM
    ^
    DiaBa 4 £P IIcnxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa jvm noBbimeHHH TejiecHoft... 105

    omymeHnn. Cfle /iaMTe nay 3y, mo 6 bi onucaTb TO , HTO BN 3 aMenaeTe. Korfla


    6yfleie roTOBbi , BepHUTe BHMMaHne K o 6 meMy omymeHMio Bcero Tena.
    Tenepb HaMflme BpeMB , HTO 6 N nonpaKTMKOBaTbcn B nepeKinoHeHMM BHM -
    MaHMB c BHeniHero , oflHOBpeMeHHO rno 6 a /ibHoro M cc() OKycnpoBaHHoro ,
    Ha BHyTpeHHee , OflHOBpeMeHHO mo 6 anbHoe M ctfiOKycMpoBaHHoe. Mepe -
    AyMTe 3TM pa 3 Hbie THnbi COCTOHHMM BHHMaHkin . BbinonHHMTe 3TO ynpax -
    HeHwe B cBoeM co 6 cTBeHHOM TeMne M npocio MKCMpyirre CBOM Ha 6nio -
    ^
    fleHMB . Edb JIM OflHa o 6paCTb BHMMaHMfl , B KOTOpOM Bbl HyBCTByeTe ce 6 fl
    Han 6 opee KOMcfiopTHO ? 06 paTMTe BHMMaHMe, KaK Bbi nepeicmonaeTecb
    Mexfly pa 3 /lMHHblMM COCTOHHMfIMM BHMMaHMfl. JleTKO TIM BaM nepeXOflMTb
    M3 OAHOTO COCTOBHMB B ApyTOe ? ECTb /lM COCTOBHMe, KOTOpoe BaM COBCeM
    He HpaBMTCB ? Bbi 3 acTpeBaeie MUM McnbiTbiBaeie TpyAHOCTM c nepexoAOM
    B 3TO cocTOBHMe M BbixoAOM M 3 Hero ? YMeeie TIM Bbi nepeKTHOMaTbCB nTiaB -
    HO MT1M 60Tiee pe 3 K0 ? llOMHMTe, HTO Bbl paCCMaTpMBaeTe 3T0 BMeiliaTeTlb -
    CTBO Kax cnoco 6 c 6 opa MH opMapMM 6 e 3 cyxAeHMM. KaKMe cf) M 3 MHecKMe
    ^
    OmymeHMfl B 03 HMKT1M y Bac nOCTie M 3yneHMfl 3TMX pa 3TlMHHblX TMnOB co -
    CTOBHMMBHMM 3 HMB ?

    .
    flpuMenaHne Korpa 3 aK 0 HHiATe , cpename nay3y, HTo6 bi HarwcaTb o TOM ,
    HTO Bbi y3 Hanv\ v\ 3 3TOTO BMeiuaTenbCTBa . HTO Bbi y3 Hanvi o CBOMX Mope -
    nnx BHmaHHa ? Kax 3Ta TexHMKa MoxeT noMOHb BaM B pa6oTe c B3 LUKIMM
    KJIMEHTDMM ? KaK Bbi MOT/ IM 6bi npxiMeHHTb 3Ty npaKTTixy BO BpeMB ceccm,
    HTo6 bi ocTdBdTbCH 6ojiee yBepeHHbiM B ce6e M 6 onee oco3 naHHo o6 ipaTb -
    CT? c xmeHTaMM ?

    KAK nOBbICHTb TEJIECHYIO 0 C03HAHH 0CTb


    HacTb TOTOBHOCTH K EMDR -TepanHH 3aKAK>HaeTCH B TOM, HTO6M y6e-
    AHTbCH, HTO Baill KAHeHT MOTKeT HCnbITbIBaTb HyBCTBB H COXpaHATb KOH -
    TpOJIb HaA CBOHM TeJIOM AOCTaTOHHO AOJITO, HTO6M BblAepACaTb 3Tan AeCeH-
    cn6HJiH3au;HH B EMDR - ncHxoTepannH. IlepBoe BMemaTeAbCTBO, KOTopoe
    MM paccMOTpHM , Ha3biBaeTCH “ noBbimeHHe TejiecHoii oco3HaHHOCTH ”. OHO
    npeACTaBTineT CO6OH nanpaBJieHHyio HHCTajuiauHio Teneciioii oco3HaHHO-
    CTH, KOTopoe cjiOKycHpyeT BHHMaHHe KJiHeHTa Ha pa3JiHHHbix nacTHX Te;ia ,
    MeATieHHO nepeMeman (J) OKyc c TOAOBM AO HOT. Bbi MoxceTe noAAepxcHBaTb
    cBH3b c KAHeHTOM BO BpeMH BbinoAHeHHH 3TOTO BMeniaTeAbCTBa , npeA -
    Aaran eMy onncbiBaTb CBOH omymeHHH. bo 3aBepmeHHH BMeniaTeAbCTBa
    106 HacTb 2 IIcHxoTepaneBTH'iecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    HaHflHTe BpeMH , HTO6 M BMecie c KJIHCHTOM o6cyanTb ero omymeHHH.


    BblJI JIH KJIHeHT B COCTOHHHH BOCnpHHHTb CBOH J
    ( ) H3HHeCKHe OIHymeHHH?
    BHJIH JIH ynacTKH Tejia, KOTopbie KJineHTy 6MJIO JierKO omyTHTb? BHJIH JIH
    ynacTKH Tejia , r /ie KJIHCHT onncbiBaji HVBCTBO oHeMeHHH HJIH OTcyTCTBHH
    omymeHHii? BHJIH JIH B npopecce KaKHe-Jin6o 6ojie3HeHHbie nepeacHBaHHH
    HJIH caMoocvJKfleHHe? OSpaTHTe BHHMaHHe Ha TO, HCM no/iejinjica KJIHCIIT,
    HTO6H noMOHb onpeaejiHTb noTeHpHajibHbie pecypcbi HJIH uejin EMDR -
    TepanHH. Becb STOT cpeHapHH MOJKCT 6biTb CJIHIHKOM CJIOJKHHM ABH Heico-
    Topbix KJineHTOB, H , BO3MO >KHO, ero npHfleTcn pa36 nTb Ha 6ojiee MejiKHe na-
    CTH, HTO6H OHH nocTeneHHo npHCJiymajiHCb K CBoeMy Tejiy. He ToponHTecb
    H cjie/iHTe 3a TeMnoM KJiHeiiTa.

    BMeuiamejibcmeo 1. rioBbiLueHHe TenecHOM oco 3 HaHHOCTM


    C ^ AbTe B YAO 6HOM no3e , KOTopyio Bbi CMOxeTe coxpaHHTb B TeneHMe cneAy-
    KDLMMX 5-10 MMHyT. J1M 6 O 3aKpoMTe rBa 3a , BM 6O CAenaMTe B 3 r/infl pacceaH -
    HbiM , MTo 6 bi no 3 BonnTb cf> 0 Kycy Bamero co3 HaHMa nepeMeLuaTbca BHyTpn
    Bamero Te/ia. Tenepb o 6 paTme BHMMaHMe Ha KOHTaKT Bamero Te/ia co cry -
    BOM. CoepeAOTOHbTeeb Ha CBOeM AbixaHMM , KOTAa B 03AyX BXOAMT H BblXO -

    AMT M 3 Bamero Hoca MBM pia. Bama rpyAb noAHMMaeTca M onycKaeTca npM
    AbixaHMM ? Bam XMBOT ABMxeTcn CMHXPOHHO c AbixaHMeM ? IlycTb Bame
    co3 H3 HMe cneAyeT 3 a OLuymeHMHMM AbixaHMH, HMHero He MeHaa M He ocy-
    XAaa. HcnoBb3yMTe CBoe AbixaHMe B KaHecrae opMeHTMpa npM cxaHMpoBa -
    HMM Tena. (1o 3 BOBbTe CBoeMy AbixaHMio HanpaBMTb cjioKyc Bamero co3Ha -
    HMH Ha roiiOBy, OTMeTMB ee Taxecrb Ha mee M nnenax . Bbi MoxeTe CAe/iaTb
    HecKOJibKO MMKpoABMxeHMM TOBOBOM , HTo 6 bi ByHLue oco 3 HaTb He 6 oBbmoe
    nepeMeipeHMe Beca . Tenepb nepeHecMTe cfioKyc CBoero co 3H 3 HMa Ha BML;O.
    EdbBM Ha HeM KaKMe - HM 6yAb BbipaxeHMe, oiAymeHMe MacKM MBM paccBa -
    6BeHHOCTM ? 06 paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha CBOM TBa 3a, POT M B 3 blK.

    npuMe^aHne. flpexpe 4eM npoponxnrb pa6ory no cpenapmo , Bbi Moxe-


    re BbmcHHTb y CBoero KnueHTa, HTO OH oipyipaer B paHHbm MOMem. Ecnn
    Kfinem coo6 ipaer o TpypHOCTnx c coxpaHeHireM renecHon 0 C03 HaHH 0CTM ,
    CKaHMpoBdHMe Tena Moxer 6 biTb ocraHOBneHO B MO6OH MOMGHT M saeep -
    uueHO 6onee KopoTKum nacTmu.

    06paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha CBoe AbixaHMe. riycTb B 03 Ayx npoHMKHei B meio


    M ropBO. Bbi 3 aMeHaete ayBCTBO CKOBaHHOCTM MBM paccBa 6BeHMa ? Tenepb
    DiaBa 4 < ? IIcHXOTepaneBTHHeCKHe BMemaTejibCTBa AJIH noBbimeHHH TejiecHOH... 107

    nepeMecTme tfjoxyc CBoero C 03 HaHMB Ha noeMM M npeflnoeMba . 06paTme


    BHMMaHMe , eCTb /1H CKOBaHHOCTb MOM HanpflXeHMe B 3TMX 06oaCTflX.
    0 co 3HaMTe TeMnepaiypy M SHeprmo B STMX MecTax. llepeHecHTe CBoe BHM -
    MaHMe Ha pyxM. 06 paTMTe BHMMaHHe Ha TO , HanpaxeHbi OM MOM paccoa -
    6/ieHbi BamM pyKM M KMCTM ? ripodo no3 BoobTe CBoeMy Teoy 6 biTb TaxMM,
    Kaxoe OHO ecTb, Ha 6 oioflan 6 e 3 cyxfleHMM. Tenepb nepeHecMTe BHMMaHMe
    Ha noeMM M oonaTXM , o 6 pamaa BHMMaHMe Ha BepxHtoio nacTb no 3 BOHOMHM -
    Ka . HTO Bbi omymaeie B BepxHevi nacTM cnMHbi ? Kaxaa TaM TeMnepaiypa
    MOM flpyrne omymeHMO ? Tenepb nepeHecMTe CBoe BHMMaHMe Ha nepefl-
    Htofo nacTb Teoa , K AMa parMe , rpyAHOM xoeTxe , oerxMM M cepAAy. EcTb OM
    ^
    omymeHMe TaxecTM MOM oerKOCTM ? Kax Bbi ceMMac flbiiiJMTe ?

    .
    npuMevaHHe flpexpe neM npoponxmb pa6ory no cpenapuno , BaM cne -
    flyer BbmcHMTb y CBoero miueHTa, HTO OH omyipaer B paHHbw MOMem.
    OopMynnpoBKa cpeHapua Moxer He cooTBercTBoeaTb norpe6HOCTftM Bcex
    6e3 HCKmoneHua KJineHTOB . [ lpn HeodxopmocTH apamupyme B3 biK.
    Tenepb BfloxHMTe XMBOTOM. 06 paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha oio 6 bie omymeHMO
    B 3TOM MecTe . Bbi roooflHbi MOM cbiTbi ? Bbi paccoa 6oeHbi MOM HanpoxeHbi ?
    EcTb OM 4BeT MOM (JjopMa y BamMX omymeHMM ? llepeMecTMTe cfioxyc BHM -
    M 3 HM 0 Ha HMXHK5 K) MaCTb CnMHbi, 0 C 03 HaBafl MblLlieHHbie OLUymeHMH M no -
    BBOHOMHMX. Tenepb nepeHecMTe CBoe co 3 H 3 HMe B o 6oacTbTa 3 a . 06paTMTe
    BHMMaHMe , HaxooHeH OM Bam Ta 3 Bnepefl MOM Ha 3 afl MOM HaxoflMTCB
    B HeMTpaObHOM nOOOXeHMM . MoXeTe BbinOOHMTb OX) 6 bie MMXpOABMXeHMfl
    HMXHeM HaCTbKD CnMHbi MOM T330 M . 3TO MOXeTyBeOMMMTb Bawe 0 C 03 H 3 HMe
    3TOM o 6oacTM Bawero Teoa . Tenepb nepeMecTMTe CBoe co 3 H3 HMe Ha HOTM ,
    oTMenao omymeHMH B Mbiwuax M XOCTOX. rio 3 BoobTe BaweMy co 3 HaHMX)
    nepeMecTMTbco x BaniMM xooeHHM , a 3 aTeM BHM 3 X CTynHRM . ripeflCTaBbTe ,
    MTO Baiu BAOX npoHMxaeT B HOTM , M oTMeTbTe oio 6 bie omymeHMB. BaioM
    HOTM Tenobie MOM npoxoaAHbie, HanpoxeHHbie MOM paccoa 6oeHHbie ? HeT
    HMHero npaBMObHoro MOM HenpaBMObHoro. IlpocTO OTMeMaeTe Bee, MTO
    npMxoflMT B Bawe co 3 H 3 HMe.

    npmenaHne. Ilpexpe neM npopo/ ixuTb pa6ory no cpenapm , BaM cnepy -


    er BbincHHTb y CBoero KJiMema, HTO OH OLpyipaeT B paHHbm MOMem.

    TenepbflaBaMTe cfleoaeM CHMMOX Bcero Bawero Teoa . 06 paTMTe BHMMaHMe


    Ha CBOM OLiiymeHMo B npaBOM CTopoHe Teoa , a 3 aTeM o 6 paTMTe BHMMaHMe
    Ha ouj,yw,eHMfl B oeBOM CTopoHe. floHa 6oiOAaMTe 3 a BepxHeM noooBMHOM
    108 Hacn> 2 IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    a 3aieM nepeHecme BHMMaHne Ha HMXHIOIO no/iOBMHy TeAa .


    CBoero Te/ia ,
    c ) OKyc BHMMaHMfl Ha nepeAHioio nacrb TeAa . HTO Bbi 3Aecb
    llepeMecTMTe |
    3AMETMAM ? Tenepb noHa 6AK)AaMTe 3a CBoeM CIIMHOM , M CKaxme , HTO Bbi
    TaM 3aMeTme ? flpodo oTMeTbie TO , HTO Bbi oco3 HaeTe , 6 e 3 KaKoro -/in 6 o
    cyxAeHMH .

    Bbi 3aBepiunjin MCC /ieAOBaHMe BceroTe/ia . MeAAeHHO npnroTOBbTecb Bep -


    HyTb CBoe co3 HaHne B Ka 6 nHeT. riouieBeAMTe na /ibuaMM Hor M ABMraMTecb
    TaK , KaK BaM xoneTca , M oneHb MeAAeHHO HaHMHaMTe OTKpbiBaTb r/ia 3a . He
    ToponMTecb, HTo 6 bi nepeopneHTHpoBaTbCfl B Ka 6 nHeTe.

    .
    npuMevaHHe Ilpexpe neM npopo/ DKUTb pa6ory no cpeHapnio, BaM cnepy -
    er BbwcHMTb y CBoero K / iueHTa, HTO OH oipyLpaer B paHHbm MOMem. Ecnn
    OH nonyBCTBOBan no3 HWBHoe cocronHue, BbinojiHure KopoTKue cepm
    npopepypbi BLS/ DAS or rpex po nnrv\ pa3 no 8- 15 cexyHp, mo6bi 3aKpe -
    nv\Tb pecypc B rene. ECJIH BAILJ KPHGHT odHapyxnji o6nacw pncrpecca, 06 -
    pamre BHmanvie Ha STH §v\3 mecKV\e oipyipenvin, nocKO/ ibKy OHH MOIJT
    6 biTb Hcc/ iepoBaHbi KaK noTeHpnaPbHbie u,enn EMDR-repanun BO BpeMB
    peceHCM 6 MJiM 3 au, m.

    0C03HAHHE BJIM 30 CTH


    B H3yneHHH HeBep 6ajibHOH KOMMyHHKaijHH TepMHH “ npoKceMHKa”
    onncbiBaeT BoenpHATHe H Hcno;ib30BaHHe nejiOBeKOM npocTpaHCTBa , KaK
    jiHHHoro , TaK H couiHajibHoro. B TeAecHO-opneHTHpoBaHHOH ncHXOTepanHH
    Ba cHO
    ^ pa3BHBaTb noBbimeHHoe BHHMaHHe K HcnoAb30BaHHK> npocTpaH-
    CTBa H HCCJieAOBaTb B03M0}KH0CTb BapbHpOBaHHA AHCTaHIJHH MOR /ty nCH -
    xoTepaneBTOM H KAHCHTOM AJIH yAOBAeTBopeHHA noTpeSHOCTeft KOHKpeT-
    Hbix KJineHTOB. 3TO oco6eHHO Ba cHo, noTOMy ATO paccTOHHHe MeacAy CTy -
    ^
    JlbHMH CB5I3aHO C AHHaMHKOH BJiaCTH B OTHOIIieHHAX. B HaCTHOCTH , AIOAH ,
    HaAejieHHbie BjiacTbio, KaK npaBHjio, OTBenaiOT 3 a pacciaHOBKy CTyjibeB
    H Hcnojib30 BaHne npocTpaHCTBa B Ka6nHeTe. HacTO B Ka6nHeTax ncHxo-
    TepaneBTOB paccTOHHue MeacAy KpecAOM ncHxoTepaneBTa H KpecAOM HAH
    KymeTKOH , Ha KOTOPOH CHAHT KAHCHT, ycTaHaBAHBaiOTCA 3apaHee. KpoMe
    TOTO, EMDR -TepaneBTbi CKAOHHM CHAeTb 6AHAce neu Apyrne
    K KAHemaM ,
    ncHxoTepaneBTbi , H3-3a 6AH30CTH , Heo6xoAHMOH pjin HcnoAb30BaHHA pa3-
    c )opM npoueAypbi BLS/ DAS, BKAionaA ABHAceHHA TAa3, TOH TOAO-
    AHHHbix|
    ca , nyAbc HAH nocTyKHBaHHe. Y OTpejibUbix KAHCHTOB MoryT 6 biTb pa3Hbie
    DiaBa 4 IIcHXOTepaneBTHHecKiie BMemaTejibCTBa jyra noBbimeHHH TejiecHOH... 109

    npeAnoHTeHHH B OTHomeHHH 06'beMa MecTa, KOTopoe OHH 3aHHMaiOT B Ka-


    6 nHeTe, HJIH HX paccTOHHHH OT Apyroro nejiOBeKa. Ha Taicne npeAnoHTe-
    HHH MOxeT BJIHHTB KyjibTypa ( CM. rjiaBy 7 ). Cjie yiomee BMeinaTejibCTBO
    ^
    no3BOJiHeT He pa6oTaTb B paMKax npeAnoHTeHHH ncHxoiepaneBTa, a TH6KO
    a anTHpoBaTbCH K noTpedHOCTHM icaxAoro K/meHTa. KpoMe Toro, STO BMe-
    ^
    uiaTejibCTBO JXAET K/meHTaM BOSMOXHOCTB Bbi6HpaTb , CKOJIBKO MecTa HM

    HYXHO, HTo6bi nyBCTBOBaTb ce6n B 6e3onacHOCTH H HMCTB HeodxoAHMbie


    pecypcbi B ncHxoTepaneBTHHecKOM KadnHeTe.
    BMeinaTejibCTBO uOco3HaHne 6JIH30CTH Tpe6yeT Hcnojib30BaHHH CTy-
    jibeB, KOTopbie MoryT nepeMemaTbcn B ncHxoTepaneBTHnecicoM npocTpaH-
    cTBe. ECJIH BH pa6oTaeTe B He6ojibinoM Ka6HHeTe, STO BMeinaTejibCTBO
    MoxeT 6 biTb 6ojiee CJIOXHBIM. IIO BO3MOXHOCTH , noerapaHTecb H3ynHTb
    STO BMeinaTejibCTBO B 6ojiee ninpoicoM npocTpaHCTBe. BO3MOXHO, nojie3-
    HO HMeTb TaKne HHCTpyMeHTbi AJIH EMDR-TepariHH, KaK CBeTOBan naHejib
    HJIH yzyiHHHTejm AJIH annapaTOB Tac/ AudioScan , nocKOJibKy OHH no3BO -
    JIHIOT yBejiHHHTb paccTOHHHe MeyKjxy BZMK H RJIHCHTOM.

    BMeiuamejibcmeo 2 . 0 co 3HaHne 6 JIM30 CTM

    3 xoTen 6bi npoBecTU He 6 o /ibiuoe nccneAOBaHne, HTo 6 bi Jiynwe noHHTb,


    KaKoe pacnoBoxeHne Hamux cry/ibeB B Ka 6 nHeTe KaxeTCfl BaM Han 6onee
    yAo 6 HbiM. Bac 3T0 ycrponT?

    flaBaMTe HaHHeM c Toro, HTO 3 aMeTMM , yAo 6HO JWA BaM CMAeTb B HaweM
    TexyLAeM noJioxeHMM . 06 paTMTe BHUMaHMe Ha CBOH OLAyLpeHHH, CBoe Abi -
    xaHMe M Bio 6 bie 3 M 0 AMM, KOTopbie Bbi oco3 HaeTe.

    ripuMenaHHe. HaSmoflaiiTe 3a re /w, KaKRbiiuv\T Bam KJweHT, B TOM woie 3a


    no3ou, v\ cnonb30 BdHv\ eM xecroB v\ KounnecTBOM npocrpaHCTBa, Koropoe
    Heo6xop,mo eMyt HTOGU vyBCTBOBarb ce6a B 6e3 onacHocm H 3 a3 eMueH -
    HbiM . Cjie/ iafiTe nayay, HTo6 bi nonyBCTBOBaTb, HTO npov\cxof\ v\T B BaiueM
    codcTBeHHOM Tene. KaK Bbi ce6n nyBCTByeTe, CKijia HanpoTMB 3TOTO KnueH -
    Ta ? HTO Bbi oco3 HaeTe B CBoeMRbixanm, Mbicnnx, nyBCTBax v\ omymehMftx?

    Tenepb nonpoSyeM npoBecm 3 KcnepnMeHT. 06paTHTe BHMMaHi/ie Ha TO ,


    HTO npOMCXOAMT C BaLIJMM AbIXaHMeM , n 030 M, MbICBBMH, HyBCTBaMH HJIH
    j
    ( ) M 3 MHeCKMMM OLAyiA HHBMH , KOTAa
    ^ HeMHOTO OTOABHTaiO CTyn Ha 3 aA -
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    .
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    COMATHHECKOrO ZIHCTPECCA
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    .
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    .
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    BAOXOB. 06 paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha c /ia 6bie ABMXOHMB , xoTopbie Bbi omymaeTe


    B CBoeM Te/ie, Taxne xax noAteM M onycxaHMe XMBOT3 MTIM ABMxeHMe B 03 -
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    pH TOMy, KaK poAHTejiH HJIH oneKyHbi OTHOCATCA K HaM B MJiaAeHHecTBe
    H AGTHX. y Bcex MJiaAeHijeB ecTb eciecTBeHHbiH BPOJKAOHHBIH PHTM coe-
    AHHeHHH H pa3beAHHeHHH. TpOHHK [ TvOTlick , 2007 ] HCCJieAOBaJI CHTHaJIbl
    MJiaAeHiieB, CHrHajiH3HpyioiAHe o HX noTpe6HOCTAx B KOHTaKTe H npo-
    cTpaHCTBe . HanpHMep, ujiajxennu 6yAyT BopKOBaTb HJIH yjibi6aTbcn , HTO6BI
    BbIpa3HTb CeJiaHHe o6 maTbCH , H OTBOAHTb B3TAAA HJIH nOBOpaHHBaTb TOJIO-
    ^
    By B CTOpOHy, CHTHaJIH3HpyH 0 Heo6xOAHMOCTH pa3beAHHHTbCH. B HAeaJie
    poAHTejib HAH oneKyH HacTpaHBaeTcn Ha cnmajibi MAaAeHija HAH pe6eHKa ,
    6yAyHH AOCTynHbiM AJIH CBH3H, HO Taioice yBaAcan ecTecTBeHHyio noTpe6-
    HOCTb pe6eHKa B npocipaHCTBe. HH OAHH BocnHTaieAb He HAeaAeH , H STO
    122 Hacn> 2 IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    HopMajibHo noHHMaTb HJIH He noHHMaTb cnrHajibi pe6eHKa. Ha caMOM jxene


    pa3pbiBbi CBH3H — HopMajibHafl nacTb ziocTaTOHHO xopomero BocnHTaHnn ,
    H B He 6ojibniHx 03ax 3TO MoryT / jaace yKpenHTb ycTOHHHBOCTb pe6eHKa
    ^
    H ero cnoco6 HOCTb nepeHOCHTb cTpecc. 3TOT npoijecc Tpe6yeT OT onenyHa
    o6H3aTe;ibCTBa H3JienHTb ncHxojioranecKyio TpaBMy JIO Tex nop, noxa He
    6yayT BoccTaHOBJieHbi 6e3onacHocTb H CBH3B.
    ECJIH oneKyH .aocTaTOHHO xoporno pearapyeT Ha noTpe6HOCTH pe6eHKa
    B coe/ jHHeHHH H pa3beflHHeHHH , pe6eHOK nyBCTByeT 3a6oTy, noHHMaHHe
    H 6e3onacHOCTb. TaKan 6e3onacHOCTb 03HanaeT pa3BHTHe CHJibHoro nyB-
    CTBa Co6cTBeHHOTO £OCTOHHCTBa, CnOCo6HOCTH /JiOBepHTb OTHOHieHHHM
    H nyBCTBy 6e3onacHOH oKpyacaiomeH cpe/ibi. 3TH B3aHMO eftcTBHH noxo-
    ^
    XCH Ha HeBep6ajibHbiH TaHen, KOTopbift roBopHT: “ H BH cy Te6n. Tw nejio-
    ^
    BeK , HMeiOIIIiHH CBOH nOTpe6HOCTH. TBOH nOTpe6HOCTH peaJIbHbl H Ba2CHbl ”.
    HanpoTHB, pozjHTejiH, KOTopbie He HacTpoeHbi Ha cnraajibi pe6eHKa o co-
    e HHeHHH H pa3be£HHeHHH , c 6ojibineH BepoHTHOCTbio HapymaT rpaHHUbi.
    ^
    CorjiacHo HHTerpaTHBHOH TejiecHo-opHeHTHpoBaHHOH ncHxoTepannH
    [ Rosenberg et al., 1989], HapymeHHH rpaHHij HMeiOT Tpn o6 mnx narrepHa:
    BTop ceHHe , ocTaBjieHHe H HX coneTaHHe. PaccMOTpHM HX no po6Hee.
    ^ ^
    • BTOpHceHHe. OneKyH MO^KCT nocTOHHHO HenpaBHjibHO HCTOJIKOBBI-
    BaTb cnrHajibi pe6eHKa o pa3T>e,ziHHeHHH HJIH OTBepraTb STH cnrHajibi,
    npojjojmaH HCKaTb KOHTaKT c pe6eHKOM. B HeKOTopbix CHTyanHHx
    oneKyH npocTO He oco3HaeT noTpe6HOCTH pe6eHKa B pa3 beji HHeHHH'
    1

    H nbiTaeTcn nrpaTb c pe6eHKOM HJIH 3acTaBHTb ero yjibi6aTbcn HJIH


    CMeflTbcn. liHor/ia oneKyH MoaeeT HCKaTb TaKyio CBH3b, HTO6BI y oB-
    JieTBOpHTb CBOK) nOTpe6HOCTb HyBCTBOBaTb ce6n JIK)6HMbIM HJIH
    ^
    ycnoKOHTb CTpax 6 biTb noKHHyTbiM. BTopaceHHe Taxace Mo ceT 6 biTb
    ^
    pe3yjIbTaTOM OCKOp6 HTeJIbHbIX CHTyaiJHH , B KOTOpbIX JIHHHOe npo-
    CTpaHCTBO H Tejio pe6eHKa He yBajKaioTcn 3Mou; HOHajibHO, 4> H3HHecKH
    HJIH ceKcyajibHo .
    • OcTaBjieHHe. OneKyH He pearapyeT Ha cnmajibi pe6eHKa o coejjHHe-
    HHH. B pe3yjibTaTe pe6eHOK MoaceT CTaTb 6ecnoKOHHbiM H HaynHTb-
    cn noAaBJiHTb CBOH co6cTBeHHbie ecTecTBeHHbie PHTMBI coe HHeHHn
    ^
    H paa beziHHeHHn . HHCTHHKT BbDKHBaHHH no6y5K,zi;aeT pe6eHKa HCKaTb
    '

    CBH3b C He OCTynHblM HJIH ZiaJieKHM OneKyHOM JIK)6bIM B03M0)KHbIM


    cnoco6oM. Bo3
    ^ B TOM , HTO pe6eHOK
    ^
    npHynaeTcn HMeTb 6
    eHCTBHe ocTaBJieHHn 3 aKjnoHaeTcn

    pacnjibiBnarae, MeHee onpeziejieHHbie rpaHH-


    ojiee

    iiibi, HTO6BI npHcnoca6 K noTpe6HOCTHM jjpyrax Jiio en.


    jiHBaTbcn
    ^
    DiaBa 4 IIcHxoTepaneBTMHecKHe BMeuiaTejibCTBa JXJIK noBbimeHim TejiecHoii ... 123

    • KoMoimupoBaHHan TpaBMa BTopHceHHH H OCTBBJICHHH. OneKyH Heno-


    cjie OBaTejibHo nepe/iyeT arpeccHBHOCTb H 6e3pa3JiHHHe. B pe3yjibTaTe
    ^
    pe6eHOK Mo^ceT c TpyaoM pa3pa6oTaTb Ha e»:Hyio CTpaTenno AJTH yAOB-
    ^
    JieTBOpeHHH nOTpe6HOCTH KaK B COe HHeHHH , TaK H B pa3 b6AHHeHHH.
    ^
    '

    CorjiacHO HHTerparaBHOH TejiccHO -opHCHTHpOBaHHOH ncHxoTepanHH


    3TO Han 6ojiee pacnpocTpaHeHHan norpaHHHHan TpaBMa.
    K/meHTbi, KOTopbie B ACTCTBC nepejKHBajm nocTOHHHbie ncHxojiorHHe -
    CKHC TpaBMbi , CBH3aHHbie c rpammaMH , KaK npaBHJio, HcnbiTbiBaiOT 6ojibimie
    Tpy/i,HOCTH c no/mepjKaHHeM nyBCTBa co6cTBeHHoro AOCTOHHCTBa. HHor a
    HM Tpy HO AOBep Tb ce6e H npHCjiyniHBaTbcn K CBOHM co6cTBeHHbiM no-
    ^
    ^ ^
    Tpe6HOcraM , H B pe3yjibTaTe HM Tpy HO npHHHMaTb pemeHHn. HHor a HM
    ^
    TpyAHO nOHHTb CBOH CC)6cTBeHHbie CHMIiaTJIH H aHTHnaTHH , CBOH Co6cTBeH-
    ^
    Hbie AA ” H “ HeT ”. HHorAa HM TpyAHO yBaacaTb co6cTBeHHoe (J) H3HHecKoe
    Tejio H onpe ejiHTb, HTO KaaceTcn 6e3onacHbiM HJIH 3AopoBbiM npHKOCHO-
    ^
    BeHHeM B HHTHMHbix HJIH ceKcyajibHbix OTHOineHHHx. OHH, KaK npaBHJio,
    MeHee a anTHBHbi K OKpyacaiomeH cpeae, HTO npHBOAHT K npe3MepHOH HJIH
    ^
    HeAOCTaTOHHOH CTpOTOCTH HX ipaHHU;. BOT KaK 3TO MO^CeT BblTJIH/ieTb.
    • Hpe3MepHO HcecTKHe rpamiubi. JIIOAH C npe3MepHO CTPOTHMH rpaHH-
    u;aMH, KaK npaBHJio, acecrao 3amHmaiOTCH OT oraomeHHH H BHenmeH
    cpe bi. OHH , KaK npaBHJio, OTpe3aHbi OT co6cTBeHHbix SMOIJHH. Macro
    ^
    cymecTByeT 6ojibman noTpe6HOCTb B KOHTpojie HJIH ynpaBJieHHH co-
    6OH HJIH ApyrHMH. OHH MoryT 6biTb CTecHeHbi B o6 meHHH H ocTopo^c-
    HM B oTHomeHHHx. B ceKcyajibHOM njiaHe OHH MoryT 6 biTb OTpe3aHbi
    OT BOCnpHHTHH CBOHX OIHymeHHH.

    • HeAOCTaTOHHO CTporne rpammbi. JIIOAH C HeAOCTaTOHHo CTPOTHMH


    rpaHHyaMH , KaK npaBHJio, HMCIOT pacnjibrenaTbie, HeneTKHe rpaHHinbi,
    HTO npHBOAHT K HeAOCTaTOHHOMy omymeHHio CBoen JIHHHOCTH. 3MO -
    , 6
    AHOHajibHO OHH KaK npaBHJio, jia HJibHbi HJIH oneHb aKcnpeccHBHbi.
    Mo^ceT Ha6 jnoAaTbcn BbicoKan noTpe6HOCTb B KOHTaKTe c ApyrHMH
    H acejiaHHe cjiHTbcn B OTHomeHHnx. OHH MoryT noKa3aTbcn HyacAaio -
    HJHMHCH B OMOiiiHOHajibHOM HJIH ceKcyajibHOM njiaHe .
    K/iHHHHecKHe BMeuiaTejibCTBa HanpaBjieHbi Ha TO, HTO6BI ycnjiHTb oco3-
    HaHHe rpaHHii KJineHTaMH nyTeM H 3yneHHH cnrHajioB B Tejie , KOTopbie
    AaioT HM o6paTHyio CBH3B 06 HX npeAnoHTeHHnx, n0Tpe6H0CTnx HJIH orpa-
    HHHeHHHX. MTo6 bI HayHHTbCH yCTaHaBJIHBaTb HeTKHe , HO rH6KHe rpaHHUbl ,
    Hy CHO npHCJiyniHBaTbCH K TejiecHbiM cnrHajiaM H yBa caTb HX. CnjibHbie
    ^ ^
    124 HacTb 2 ricuxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    omymeHHH o6ecneHHBaiOT BaacHbie CHrnajibi , KOTopbie MoryT noMOHb KJIH -


    eHTaM pacno3HaTb, Koraa rpaHHna CJIHIHKOM pacnjibiBnaTan , CJIHIHKOM
    >KecTKa5i HJIH Kor a rpaHHija 6 bijia HapymeHa.
    ^
    TpaHHijbi HBJIHIOTCH KJiiOHeBbiM KOMnoHeHTOM 3flopoBbix ncHxoTepaneB-
    THnecKHx OTHOineHHH. B o6meHHH c ncHxoTepaneBTOM KjmeHTbi nacTO BOC-
    npOH3BOfl5IT ZlHHaMHKy OTHOHieHHH H3 CBOerO AeTCTBa. ECJIH B JieTCTBe OHH
    MyBCTBOBajiH ce6n 6pomeHHbiMH HJIH H30 jrapoBaHHbiMH, TO, CKopee Bcero,
    KJineHTbi 6y yT BCCTH ce6n TaK , HTO STO Bbi30BeT cxo Hbie nyBCTBa B OTHO-
    ^ ^
    rneHHHx c ncHxoTepaneBTOM. IlcHXOTepaneBTHHecKHe OTHOHieHHH npejjo-
    CTaBJIHIOT IHHpOKHe B03M0}KH0CTH flJW XOpOHieH HaCTpOHKH , HO TaKJKe H\J JIK
    HenoHHMaHHH HJIH HenpaBHJibHoro npoHTeHHH cnniajiOB
    noTeHi
    ^najibHoro

    KJiHeHTa. Tan ace, KaK H B OTHomeHHnx oneKyHa H pe6eHKa , nepejx ncnxoTe-


    paneBTaMH CTOHT 3a ana onpe , Kor a HX noBe/ npHBO HT K TOMy,
    jeHHe
    ^
    HTO KJiHeHT nyBCTByeT ce6n
    ^ ^ejiHTb
    ^
    HJIH noKHHyTbiM. IIcHxoTepaneBTbi
    njieHeHHbiM

    .ZJOJDKHbl B HTb Ha Ce6H OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb BOCCTaHaBJIHBaTb pa3pbIBbI B OTHO-


    3
    rneHHHx a;o Tex nop, noKa 6e3onacHocTb H CBH3b He 6y yT .
    ,
    ^
    Oco3HaHne rpaHHu oco6eHHO Baamo npn pa6oTe B EMDR TepanHH H3--
    BoccTaHOBjieHbi

    3a npeftnHCbiBaeMOH Henocpe CTBeHHOH 6JIH30CTH MecT cn eHHH, KO-


    ^
    pa 6oTy c ceHHHMH ,
    ^30BaHHeM
    jxjin.
    Topbie nacTO conpoBO KAaK T ) )
    ^ BH
    ^ 3 rjia Hcnojib

    nyjibcoMeTpoB HJIH nocTyKHBaHHeM. IIcHxoTepaneBTbi no3 coMa-BOjraiOT

    THnecKOMy HanpaBjmTb TeMn ncnxoTepanHH H 6 jiH30CTb pac-


    oco3HaHHio
    cajjKH ueiKjxy ncHxoTepaneBTOM H KJiHeHTOM. TejiecHO -opneHTHpoBaHHbiH
    nojxxojx K EMDR-TepanHH Tpe6yeT opneHTaiiHH “3 j];ecb H ceiiHac ” , npn
    KOTopoii oco3HaHHe no3BOJineT KJineHTy H ncnxoTepaneBTy
    nomaroBoe
    6
    OCTaBaTbCH nyTKHMH K H3MeHHIOmHMCH nOTpe HOCTHM KJiHeHTa H pHTMaM
    pa3i>e HHeHHH . 3TOT nponecc
    ycHJiHBaeTcn c noMombio
    coejjHHeHHH H
    ,
    BMeinaTejibCTB cneunajibHo
    ^
    npe£Ha3HaneHHbix JXJin H3yneHH5i rpaHHij BO
    BPEMFL ceccHH, KOTopbie BKjnonaiOT B ce6n ncnojib30BaHHe jieHTbi, HTO6BI
    c ejiaTb rpaHHii; bi BH HMBIMH , H H3yneHHe pa3JiHHHbix BapnaHTOB pacca#-
    ^ ^
    KH , HTo6 bi HaiiTH y o6Hoe paccTOHHHe Mewmy ncHxoTepaneBTOM H KJIH -
    ^
    eHTOM , KOTopoe Bbi3biBaeT omymeHHe 6e3onacHocTH H paccjia6 jieHHOCTH .
    3TH BMeinaTejibCTBa TaK)Ke nojie3Hbi /yin TOTO, HTO6 BI noMOHb ncnxoTepa-
    neBTaM npo/ jojmaTb pa3MbinuiHTb 06 Hcnojib30 BaHHH HMH npocTpaHCTBa
    H o KOJinnecTBe BpeMeHH , KOTopoe ncHxoTepaneBT H ICJIHCHT TpaTHT Ha pa3-
    roBop. HanpHMep, ncnxoTepaneBTbi MoryT 3aMeTHTb )KejiaHHe roBOpHTb BO
    BpeMH peneBbix nay3 HJIH npezyio CHTb KorHHTHBHoe nepenjieTeHHe, JXA>Ke
    ecjiH KJineHT He 3acTpnji.
    ^
    DiaBa 4 IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKne BMeniaTejibCTBa /yra noBbiineHHH TejiecHOH... 125

    BMemaiejibCTBa , CBH3aHHbie c rpaHHijaMH , noMoraiOT


    Cjie yiomHe ABa
    ^
    KJineHTaM Jiynnie oco3HaBaTb CBOH rpammbi Ha coMaTHnecKOM ypoBHe.
    IlepBoe BMemaTejibCTBO , “ Oco3HaHHe rpaHHU c noMombio jieHTbi ” , Tpe6y -
    eT Hcnojib30 BaHHH AByx jxjimmbix JieHT, npeAHa3HaneHHbix RJIH. KJineHTa
    H ncHXOTepaneBTa , KOTopbie MOJKHO Hcno;ib30 BaTb RJIX. co3AaHHH (J> H -
    3HnecKHx npeACTaBJieHHH o rpaHHuax. 3TO BMemaTejibCTBO COCTOHT H3
    neTbipex STanoB . KajKAbiii mar Tpe6yeT BHHMaTejibHOCTH K omymeHHHM
    B Tejie , 6
    HTO BI nonyBCTBOBaTb, HTO 3HaHHT HMeTb rpaHHuy. IlepexoAHTe
    K cjieAyioiueMy aiany BMeniaTejibCTBa TOJibKO B TOM cjiynae, ecjiH STO
    . Rjin STOTO ynpaacHeHHH Mo^ceT noTpe6oBaTbCH
    npHeMJieMo AJIH KJineHTa
    noMemeHHe 6ojibinero pa3Mepa , TOM AOCTynHO B He6ojibinoM ncnxoTepa-
    TOBTHTOCKOM Ka6HHeTe. Biopoe BMemaTejibCTBO, “ MeHTajibHbiii (JrnjibM
    06 oco3HaHHH rpaHHUbi ” , npe
    JiaraeT KJiHeHTaM ormcaTb npeACTonmyio
    ^
    CHTyailHK , B KOTOpOH OHH XOTCJIH 6 bl yCTaHOBHTb 3AOpOByiO rpaHHAy.
    )

    IIoMorHTe KJiHeHTaM co3AaTb J


    MbicjieHHbiH ( )HJibM , B KOTOPOM OHH ycia -
    HaBjiHBaiOT 3AopoBbie rpaHHiibi, Hcnojib3 yn 6bie
    jno pecypcbi , KOTopbie
    6
    HM HyjKHbl , HTo bI OCTaBaTbCH 3a3eMJieHHbIMH H CBH3aHHbIMH C J
    ( ) H3HTO -
    CKHMH OIUymeHHHMH. KaK TOJibKO peaJIHCTHHHblH MCHTaJIbHblH J
    ( ) HJIbM

    pa3pa6oTaH , Ha BceM ero npoTH^ceHHH BbinojiHTOTCH npoue ypa BLS/


    ^
    DAS, HTo6bi He npepbiBaTb npouecc 3aKpenjieHHH omymeHHH , CBH3aHHO-
    ro c rpaHHuefl.

    BMemamejihcmeo 10 . 0 co3HaHne rpaHnu, c noMombio neHTbi


    LUar 1. KiiMeHT onpeflejifleT rpaHnuy c noMombio JieHTW
    ripeABarafo BbinojiHHTb ynpaxHeHne , HTo 6bi onpefte/iUTb Banin rpaHnubi
    B KOHTeKcre Hanjen coBMecTHon pa 6 oTbi. ft nepeAaM BaM aiy Jiemy n npeA -
    Jiaraio ncno/ib30BaTb ee ABB npeACTaB/ieHna Bawen rpaHnubi. Bbi MoxeTe
    3 aHflTb CTOJlbKO MeCTa, CKOJlbKO CHHTaeTe HyXHbIM B AaHHbin MOMeHT .
    Tenepb a 6 bi , HTo 6 bi Bbi o6 paTn /in BHHMaHne Ha TO, KaKHM 6 bmo
    xoie/i
    Barne ieno KorAa Bbi onpeAe/iHJin CBOH rpaHnubi . Bac ycipanBaeT pa 3-
    ,
    Mep Bawen rpaHnubi ? Ec /in Aa , TO OTKyAa Bbi 3Haeie ? HTO Bbi AYMaeTe ,
    nyBCTByeie n 3aMenaeTe B CBoeM Te/ie ? Ec/in Bac He ycipanBaeT pa 3 Mep
    Bawen rpaHnubi , KaK Bbi STO y3 Ha /in ?

    flpuMenaHHe flame . KJivieHTdM spe /w? pa3o6 paTbca B CBOV\X Mbic/ wx, ^/ye -
    CTBBX vt ( pmvwecKMX omymeHviBX .
    126 Hacrb 2 IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    ECJIM Bbi MyBCTByeTe Heo 6 xoflMMOCTb n3MeHMTb pa 3 Mep BaLuePi rpaHupbi,


    cflenaMTe 3TO cePiMac .
    CHOBa npoBepbTe CBoe Te/io Ha npeflMeT o 6 paTHoPi CBB 3 M , HTo 6 bi riOHBTb,

    noflxoflMT /in BaM rpaHMua .

    .
    npHMevamie fiacre KAnemy BpeMn paao6paTbca B CBOHX Mbicnnx , nyB -
    CTBax M fymmecKux ow,yw,eHHnx. ECJIM KJweHT coo6 iRaer o nonoxurenb -
    HOM caMcmyBCTBm, BbinonHure KoporKue cepiw npouepypbi BLS/ DAS
    or rpex RO nBTn pa3 no 8- 15 cexyHR , nroBbi 3aKpenuTb pecypc. Ec / in «nn-
    eHT He xoner npoRonxarb ynpaxHenne , nepeilRHTe K wary 4, ypaneHim
    neHTbi H 3 aBepweHMio BMewarenbCTBa.

    .
    LUar 2 llcMXOTepaneBT onpefleimeT rpaHupy c noMombio neHTbi
    rioTpaTbTe HeKOTopoe BpeMB , MTo 6 bi 3aMeTmb, xaKOBO 3TO, Korfla y Bac
    ecTb onpeflejieHHaB rpaHHua , a B eme He onpeAerm /i CBOHD rpaHmiy.

    ripHMenaHne. fiacre Kimenry Bpem paaoSparbcn B CBOMX Mbicnnx , vye -


    creax M (pH3 HHecKux oiRymeHiwx.

    Bbi He B 03 paxaeie , eoin a co3 AaM npeACTaBneHHe CBoePi rpaHmibi ?

    npHMenaHne. Ec/ m Knuenr roBopur "pa" , nepeuRme K cnepyiotReMy


    wary. Ecnn KJiweHT roBopm " Her", panre eMy BpeMn pa3 o6parbcn B CBOHX
    MBICJINX , nyBCTBax u (pM 3 MHecKHX oipyipeHmx, npexpe neM nepexoRHTb
    K wary 4, ypanenm neHTbi M 3 aBepwenm BMewarenbCTBa .

    HTO Bbi nyBCTByeie Tenepb, KorAa y MeHB ecTb rpaHMU,a, M y Bac ecTb rpa -
    HHLja ? HTO Bbi AyMaeTe H MyBCTByeTe ? Kaxue c() M 3 MMecKne oiAymeHMB Bbi
    3 aMeMaeTe B cBoeM Tene ?

    npuMenaHne. flanre KnHenry epeMn pa3 o6parbcn B CBOHX Mbicnnx , nyB -


    CTB3 X M (pM 3 HHeCKHX OlRyiReHHBX . ll 03 B 0nbTe KnHeHTy H3 yHHTb HOBOe OLRy -

    iRenne rpannu,, npexpe neM npoponxnTb . Ecnu Knuenr coo6 ipaeT o nono -
    xmenbHOM caMOHyBCTBMM , BbinonHHre KopoTKne cepiw npopeRypbi BLS /
    DAS OT rpex RO nnTH pa3 no 8- 15 cexyHR , HTo6bi 3axpenHTb pecypc . Ecnn
    KnneHT He xoner npoRonxarbynpaxHeHHe , nepeuRme K wary 4, ypaneHm
    neHTbi H 3 aeepweHHio BMewarenbCTBa .
    DiaBa 4 < ? IIcHXOTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeiuaTe;ibCTBa ana noBbimeHHH TejiecHoii... 127

    LUar 3. ynmecb roBopmb " HeT”


    Tenepb AaBaihe paccMOTpuM, HTO nponcxoAHT, KorAa B npoBoxy pyxon
    "
    B npeAe/iax BaweH rpahmubi. Bbi Moxeie CKa 3 aTb MHe HeT", KorAa 3 axo -
    TMTe , MT06 bl B OCTaHOBH /lCB .

    flpuMenaHne. 1/lnorpa K / ineHT He roBopur " Her " , n 3TO CTanoBMTCH Bax -
    HOH TeMofi pnn o6cyxpenm. ECJIH K / iueHT nopnycxaeT Bac panexo B npe -
    pe/ ibi CBOMX rpaHuu,, Bbi Moxere yxa3 aTb, HTO eaM MHTepecHO , KaxoBO
    aro — nopnycKarb Bac rax 6UM3 KO . Bbi Moxere uccnepoBaTb, cxa3 an 6 bi
    K / meHT " Her" , ecPH 6bi OH nonyBCTBOBan mnynbc . BTO Moxer npepocTa -
    BHTb peHHyiO B 03 M 0XH 0CTb TIOMOHb KJWeHTy HyBCTBOBdTb Ce6fl KOMCpOpTHO ,
    roBopn Her " MJW npocn Bac Bbifim H3 ero npocrpaHCTBa. Kax ro/ibKO 3TO
    "

    6yper cpenano, noBTopnre pBuxenue pyxix nepe3 rpaHupy, noKa x/ meHT


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    DiaBa 4 ricMxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeniaTejibCTBa jym noBbimeHun TejiecHOH... 131

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    IIEPEKJIIOHEHHE ME)K Y COCTOHHHEM


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    Ke , nocKOJibKy MaTepnaji HeraTHBHoii TpaBMbi c 6ojibiiieH BepoflTHOCTbio
    npHBeAeT K 3aionjieHHio 3MOU, HHMH HJIH noAaBJieHHoc . 3ia npo6 jieMa
    oco6eHHO aKTyajibHa JXJIK K/IHCHTOB C TpaBMoii pa3BHTHH B paHHeM JXET-
    CTBe H KOMnJieKCHbIM nOCTTpaBMaTHHeCKHM CTpeCCOBbIM paCCTpOHCTBOM ,
    nocKOJibKy OHH MoryT HMeTb orpaHHHeHHyio cnoco6HOCTb nepeHOCHTb
    ^
    nojio cHTejibHbie omymeHHH (CM. rjiaBy 5). IIcHxoTepaneBTbi noMoraiOT
    KJIHeHTaM pa3BHTb TOJiepaHTHOCTb KaK K nOJIOaCHTeJIbHbIM , TaK H K OT-
    pHUaTeJIbHblM SMOUHOHaJIbHblM COCTOHHHHM C nOMOIIlibK) HHCTaJIJLHIJHH
    .
    pecypcoB c nepeKJnoneHHeM COCTOHHHH Mcnojib30 BaHHe nepeKJHOHeHHH
    AJifl pecypcoB
    HHCTajuiHUHH ce6n nepeKjnoneHHe BHHMaHHH
    BKjnonaeT B
    MeacAy cocTOHHHeM AHCTpecca H pecypcHbiM cocroHHHeM. 3TO BMerna -
    TejibCTBO o6ecneHHBaeT nyBCTBO 6e3onacHOCTH , 3aKpenjineT Tejio H pa3yM

    B HacTonmeM BpeMeHH H noMoraeT co3AaTb y KjmeHTa OKHO TOJiepaHTHO -


    CTH nepeA nepepa6oTKOH ncHxojiorHHecKoft TpaBMbi. Y KAHCHTOB MO CCT
    ^
    pa3BHTbCH ycHjieHHoe nyBCTBO KOHTPOJIH HaA TeM, KaK OHH crajiKHBaiOTCfl
    c HenpHHTHbiM MaTepnajiOM B TeMne, KOTopbin OHH MoryT BbmecTH. Ilpn
    Hcnojib30 BaHHH nepeKjnoneHHH RJIK HHCTajiJiHAHH pecypcoB ncnxoTepa -
    neBT noMemaeT KJineHTy HaHTH neTKHe KjnoneBbie cjiOBa jinn TpeBoacHoro
    6
    CO BITHH H pecypcHoro COCTOHHHH . 3aTeM OTH KjnoneBbie cjiOBa ncnojib-
    JXJIK nepeKJIIOHeHHH KJIHeHTOB Me KAy 3THMH AByMfl COCTOHHHHMH
    3yiOTCH
    ^
    H o6paTHo. B HAeajie TpeBOJKHoe co6brrae H cocTOHHHe pecypcoB AOJHKHH
    CHjibHo pa3JiHHaTbCH , HTO6 BI CHH3HTb BepoHTHOCTb nepenyTbraaHHfl. \ J jin
    3TOTO HaCTO Tpe6yeTCH , HTo6 bI OHH He 6 bIJIH aCCOIlHHpOBaHbl C OAHOH H TOH
    ace HeHpOHHOH ceTbio. HanpHMep, ecjiH Kjmem 6opeTca c co6biTHeM, npo-
    H3omeAiHHM AOMa , ncnxoTepaneBT MoaceT noMOHb K/ineHTy noAKJiioHHTbCH
    K pecypcy, CBH3aHHOMy c ero pa6oneH cpeAOH.
    CjieAyiomee BMemaiejibCTBO , “ IlepeKjnoHeHHe MeacAy cocTOHHHeM AHC-
    Tpecca H pecypcHbiM cocTO HHeM ” , COCTOHT H3 Tpex rnaroB. KpoMe TOTO,
    ^
    ecTb ABa BapnaHTa noAKJimeHHH npoijeAypbi BLS/ DAS B npouecc ne -
    pepa6oTKH. Bbi MoaceTe BbinojiHHTb KopOTKHe cepnn npoueAypbi BLS/
    DAS, TOJibKO KorAa KJiHeHT noAKJiiOHeH K pecypcHOMy COCTOHHHIO. 3TO
    npeAnOHTHTeJIbHblH MeTOA -
    A JIH KJIHeHTOB 6
    C JIK) bIMH AHCCOUHaTHBHbIMH
    134 HacTb 2
    ^ ncHxoTepaneBTHHecKne BMeiuaTejibCTBa

    TeH eHijHflMH HJIH AJIH Tex , KTO Mo ceT 6biTb He B COCTOHHHH TepneTb 6ojiee
    ^
    TlJiHTejibHbie
    ^
    cepnn npoijeAypbi BLS/ DAS. BTopoft cnoco6 npe CTaBJineT
    CO6OH 6
    ^
    npo BHHyTbift nojixojx K 3TOMy BMemaTejibCTBy, npuMeHHH
    ojiee
    ^
    npoijeziypy BLS/ DAS Ha npcmDKeHHH Been cepHH nepeKjnoneHHH. OH
    nepeBOZjHT KJineHTa H3 pecypcHoro COCTOHHHH B cocTOHHHe
    H o6paTHO. IlpHMeHHH JIK)6OH MCTOA, ncHxoTepaneBT AOJixceH nozmep^KH-
    ^HCTpecca
    BaTb CBH3B c KjmeHTOM , HTO6BI y6e HTbCH , HTO TeJieCHO - OpHeHTHpOBaHHOe
    ^
    n03HTHBH0e COCTOHHHe HBJIHeTCH CHJTbHbIM H yCHJIHBaeTCH. BHHMaTeJIbHO
    cjie HTe 3a noHBjieHHeM y KjmeHTa npH3HaKOB ranep- H rHnoB036y>KAe -
    ^
    HHH. ECJIH 3Ta paCIHHpeHHaH BepCHH nepeKJIIOHeHHH CJIHIHKOM CJIOJKHa
    AJiH KjmeHTa, TO ncHxoTepaneBT MoaceT BepHyTbcn TOJIBKO K Ao6aBjieHHio
    npoueziypbi BLS/ DAS K nojioacHTejibHOMy pecypcy.

    BMetuamejibcmeo 13. nepemifOMeHMe Mexfly cocTO ^ HneM


    AMdpecca M pecypcHbiM cocTOHHMeM

    LUar 1. OnpeAe/ime TpaBMiipyioiuee co 6 biTne


    OnpefleneHMe TpaBMMpyromero co 6 biTMfl. Buxy, HTO co 6 biTne , o KOTO -
    poM Mbi roBopuM , OMeHb Bac oropnaeT, M Ban TpyAHO roBopmb o HeM min
    HaMTM Apyroe pemeHne.

    KapTMHa/o6pa3. KaKaa KapTMHa M /IM o6 pa 3 npeACTaB/iHKDTxyflLiiyK)


    HaCTb STOrO C 06 blTMH ?

    Mbic/in. HTO npuxoAMT Ha yM , KorAa Bbi Ay aeTe


    ^ 06 3TOM KapTMHe ?
    SMOUMM. Kaime 3 Mou,m Bbi oco3 HaeTe ?
    Te/io. TAe Bbi 3TO nyBCTByeTe B CBoeM Te /ie ?
    K /noneBoe CJIOBO. Edb JIH CJIOBO min c() pa 3a , KOTopbie MoryT npeACTaBMTb
    3T0 HenpHHTHOe C 06 blTMe ?

    KoHTeMHMpoBaHne AMdpecca . Tenepb n xony, HTo 6 bi Bbi no/ioxH/iM 3TO


    B CBOM KOHTeHHep M COCpeAOTOHMJlMCb Ha TOM , HT06 bl 3a 3eMJlMTb ce 6 a
    H BepHyTbca K OLAyiAeHmo 6 e3onacHOCTM 3Aecb M ceMHac .

    LUar 2. OnpeAeiime pecypcHoe COCTOHHMG


    OnpeAeBMTe pecypcHoe cocTOHHMe . He MOITIM 6 bi Bbi BcnoMHMTb nepnoA
    B CBOeM >KM 3 HM , K 0 TA 3 Bbi HyBCTBOBa /lH 6 bl Ce 6 fl CH /lbHblM , Cn 0 C 06 HblM
    DiaBa 4 IlcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BineiuaTejibCTBa KJISI noBbimeHHa TejiecHOH... 135

    M KOMneTeHTHbiM ? HanpuMep, MoxeTe m Bbi BcnoMHMTb MOMem, KorAa


    Bbi npeoAO/ieriM HTO -TO c /ioxHoe HUM ycneiuHO cnpaBn;iMCb c TpyflHOM CM -
    TyauMeM . nocMOTpme, CMOxeTe /in Bbi HBMTM MOMem, KOTopbm He MMeeT
    Hkinero o 6 iAero c [TpeBoxHbiM co 6 buneM ]. B neM CM/ia 3Toro pecypca ?

    KapTMHa / o 6pa3. Kaxaa KapTMHa M /IM o 6pa 3 npeACTaB/ineT STO no/ioxn-


    Te/lbHOe HyBCTBO ?

    MbicuM. HTO npMXOflMT Ha yM, Korfla Bbi AywaeTe 06 STOM KapTMHe ? KaKMe
    BaLLJM CM/IbHbie CTOpOHbl nOMOTJlM BaM B 3TOM CMTyaAMM ?

    SMOLIMM. KaKMe SMOAMM Bbi McnbiTbiBaeie ?


    Teno. CAe/iaMTe nay3 y M noHyBCTByime 3TM SMOAMM B CBoeM Te /ie. Ha mo
    3TO noxoxe M rAe Bbi nyBCTByeie MX BO 3 AGMCTBM 6 ?

    K /HoneBoe CJIOBO . Ecib THA C /IOBO M /IM 4> pa 3 a , npeACTaB /inioLAan STOT pe -
    cypc ? rionpo 6yMTe pea /ibHO coeAHHMTbcn co CBOMM c|) M 3 MHecKMM oiAy -
    LAeHMeM ( noBTopme K/noneBoe C/IOBO ) , noxa Mbi noAK-monaeM npoAeAypy
    BLS/ DAS .
    .
    flpuMenaHne Bbinojinme xopoTKue cepm npopepypbi BLS/ DAS or rpex
    po n» nopxopoB no 8- 15 cexynp , nro6 bi 3 axpen\XTb oipyipenne no3 HTHB -
    HOTO cocToaHm. ,Qo6aB /iftnTe npopepypy BLS / DAS ro /ibKO B TOM cnynae,
    ecm Kjwem cnocoSeH repnerb oipyipeHnn.

    MexAy cepMBMM KJiMeHT AOJixeH AenaTb my 6 oKMM BAOX . C /ieAMTe 3 a TeM ,


    HTo 6 bi KJiMeHT Bee eLAe nyBCTBOBa /i HTO -TO no 3 MTMBHoe. He npoAO /ixaM -
    Te MaHMny/iMpoBaTb TpeBoxHbiM MaTepna /ioM, noKa K /iMeHT He COO 6 LAMT
    o TOM, HTO y Hero ecib pecypcbi.

    LUar 3 . nepeicmoneHMe
    Tenepb a xony, HTo 6 bi Bbi BbiTaiAM /iM CBoe [ K/noneBoe C /IOBO AHA TpeBox-
    HOTO co 6 biTMB ] M 3 KOHTeMHepa . CAe/iaMTe nay 3 y, mo 6 bi nponyBCTBOBaTb
    ero. ECTIM STO C /IMLLJKOM TpyAHo , Mcno /ib3yMTe CBOM CTon - CMTHa/i, HTo 6bi
    AaTb MHe noHBTb, MTO BaM HyxHO BepHyTbcn K pecypcy.

    npuMe ^ aHne. llo3 BO/ ibTe Knuemy npuKOCHynca K aroMy nyBCTBy, HO pe -


    natiTe 3TO Heponro, HTo6 bi He neperpyxaTb HepBHyio cncTeMy xmema.

    Tenepb Mbi co 6 MpaeMcn nepeK/nonaTbCH TyAa M o 6 paTHO MexAy [ ncmoHe -


    Boe cnoBO pm pecypcHoro COCTOHHMH ] M [ K/noneBoe C/IOBO A H co 6 biTMfl ,
    ^
    136 HacTb 2 GP ncuxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    Bbi 3 biBatomero flucipecc ] . HaMHme c npuBJieMeHMB Bamero BHMMaHMB


    K [ K/itcmeBoe CJIOBO AJIH pecypcHoro COCTOHHMB ], noKa Mbi Bbino/iHaeM
    npopeAypy BLS/ DAS.

    Tenepb He MOOIM 6bi Bbi HeHaAO/iro o 6paTHTb BHMMaHMe Ha [ icnioHeBoe cno -


    BO co 6 biTMB , Bbi 3biBatomero flMdpecc ] ? nocMOTpme , CMOxeTe m Bbi
    OTnycTMTb [ icmoneBoe CJIOBO , o 6 o 3HaMaioinee co 6 biTne , Bbi 3 biBatoLue A ^ C -
    Tpecc ] M BepHyTbCB K [ icntoMeBoe CJIOBO, o 6 o 3 HaHaiomee pecypcHoe COCTO -
    BHMe], flawie MHe 3 HaTb, KorAa Bbi nojiHOdbio noAKJitoMmecb K [iciioHeBoe
    CJIOBO AJIH pecypcHoro COCTOHHMH], M Mbi Bbino/iHUM npopeAypy BLS/DAS.

    npHMevaHHe. npuMeHame npopenypy BLS /DAS TOJIBKO K pecypcHOMy


    co6 biTMto . He npmeHnme Ha 3TOM mare npouepypy BLS / DAS K co6bnmo,
    Bbi 3 biBaioLpeMy Rucrpecc. npeRjioxme Knuemy HanpaBMTb cBoe BHHMa -
    Hue Ha pecypc, noBTopuB K /uoneBoe CJIOBO RJIB pecypcHoro COCTOBHHB.
    Llonpocme K/ ineHra CRenarb rjiySoKMfi BROX H ydepmecb, mo OH Bee eipe
    nyBCTByer mo - ro nonoxmenbHoe . ECJIH npomomna KOHramHapm pecyp -
    ca, npoRonxame pa3 BHBarb pecypcbi RO rex nop, noxa xmiem He noBbi -
    CMT TOJiepaHTHOCTb K RMCTpeCCy. MUM , ec / ni atpCpeKTMBHdft TOfiepaHTHOCTb
    Ksinema noBbicxuiacb, Mcnojib3yme 6onee npoRBHHyryio Bepcm nepe -
    KJHoneHHB, npmeHM npopepypy BLS/ DAS Ha nporBxeHm Been cepun
    nepeKJHoneHHM , xoropbie nepeBORm KJineHTa m pecypcHoro COCTOBHMB
    B cocroBHue Rucrpecca H o6pawo B pecypcHoe cocroBHMe .

    nOCTYPAJIbHAfl OC03HAHHOCTb
    OAHHM H3 OnpeflejIHIOmHX KOMIIOHeHTOB TeAeCHO-OpHeHTHpOBaHHOH
    ncHXOTepanHH HBAHeTCH noHHMaHHe B3anM0CBH3H Mexcay no3aMH , MMCAH -
    MH H 3MOLJHHMH. H3MeHeHHH B Tejie, BKAIOHaH OCaHKy, MOryT BJIHHTb Ha TO ,
    HTO MH AyMaeM H HyBCTByeM. Ilo3bi MoryT OTpaxcaTb nyBCTBo 6ecnoMOip-
    HOCTH , OTCyTCTBHH nOAAepACKH , CTpaxa HJIH HenOAHOpeHHOCTH HAH , C Apy -
    TOH CTOpOHbl , HyBCTBO KOMneTeHTHOCTH HAH AOCTOHHCTBa. IlOBbimeHHe
    OCBeAOMAeHHOCTH 0 B3aHMOCBH3H MeKAy n030H,
    MbICAHMH H 3MOIJHHMH
    MOxeT 6 bnb BaacHbiM cnoco6oM HaiiTH H onpeAeAHTb pexn AJifl nepepaSoT -
    KH Ha 6oAee no3AHeM 3Tane AeneHHH.
    CAeAyiomee BMemaieAbCTBO, “ IIocTypaAbHaH oco3HaHHOCTb”, npoBepeT
    Bac nepe3 STOT npouecc. E[ o3bi MoryT 6biTb npeyBeAHHeHbi AAH BbWBAeHHH
    CBH3aHHbIX BOCnOMHHaHHH HAH aCCOPHapHH. HanpHMep, eCAH KAHeHT
    DiaBa 4 GP ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa AJIH noBbimeHHH TejiecHOH... 137

    CHAeji c jierKHM H3TH OM 6 njien BnepeA, npeyBejiHHeHHe 3Toft no3bi MoxeT


    npHBecTH K TOMy, HTO KJineHTeme 6ojibine crop6HTcn. HanpoTHB, KJineHT
    C JKeCTKHM H HanpH KeHHbIM TOpCOM MOXeT CTaTb 6oJiee pnrH HblM H3-3a
    )

    3Toro npeyBejimeHHH . Kaic TOJibKO6ojiee^rjiy6oKOMy


    RJIHCHT nepeftAeT K
    oco3HaHHio no3bi, BH Moxeie nonpocHTb ero OTMeTHTb jiio6 bie CBH3aHHbie
    C MbICJIH , HyBCTBa HJIH BOCnOMHHaHHH , KOTOpbie npHXOAHT eMy B ro-
    Heft
    3aTeM BBI MoxeTe coo6iu;aTb KJiHeHTy TO , HTO BBI Ha6 jnoA,aeTe, 6e3
    jiOBy.
    KaKHx - jiH6o cyacAeHHft HJIH HHTepnpeiauHft. IIpeAJioxHTe KJineHTy npo-
    AOJDKaTb HccjieAOBaTb Bee, HTO B03HHKaeT, oSpaman npHCTajibHoe BHHMa -
    HHe Ha B03M 05KHbie HeraTHBHbie KOTHHHHH HJIH BOOIOMHHaHHH , KOTOpbie
    MOryT 6bITb CBH3aHbI C B03M0JKHBIMH UeJIHMH EMDR-TepanHH. XoTfl 3TO
    H He ocHOBHan uejib AAHHOTO BMemaiejibCTBa , HO ecjin KJIHOHT HaxoAHT
    no3y, B KOTopoft nyBCTByeT ce6n CHJibHbiM , yBepeHHbiM H 3a3eMJieHHbiM ,
    Bbi MoaceTe BbinojiHHTb KopOTKHe cepHH npoijeAypbi BLS/ DAS, HTO6BI 3a-
    KpenHTb BoenpHHHMaeMoe TejiecHoe omymeHHe no3HTHBHoro COCTOHHHH
    B KanecTBe cpeACTBa RJIK HHCTajurauHH pecypcoB.

    BMetuamejibcmeo 14 . nocTypa /ibHaa oco3HaHHocTb


    CfleBaMTe nay3y M o 6 paime a Bbi cMflMTe
    BHMMaHMe Ha CBoe Te /io , Kor
    Ha dyne ( flHBaHe ) . Kaici/ie
    ^
    Mbic/iM npnxoAflT BaM B ro/ioBy? Bbi 3aMenaeTe
    KaKMe -TO 3 M 0 UMM ?

    Tenepb yAe /ime 6 o/ibwe BHMMaHMH CBoen ocaHKe . Kaxue c/iOBa JiyHLue
    Bcero onncbiBaK)T Bamy ocaHKy? l1onpo6yMTe ncno/ib30 BaTb onncaie/ibHbie
    nAOTHbii , ' xecTKHM ” MJIM " aKcnaHCMBHbm ” .
    ^
    \J

    c/iOBa , HanpMMep
    99

    Tflxe/ibm ,

    ripuMenaHHe. floMHMTe, HTO He cnenyeT MHTepnpenipoBaTb TO, HTO TOBO -


    pv\T BBM KJweHT. Ecfiu Kiinem co6upaeTCfl BbiHociiTb cyxfleHMB, MBTKO eep-
    nme ero K oniAcarenbHOH neKCHKe.
    xoTe /i 6 bi npefl-noxnTb MCC/ieflOBaHMe . He MOT/IM 6 bi Bbi yrny 6 uTb oco 3 -
    HBHMe CBOeM n 03 bl ?
    .
    ripHMevaHHe Y6ep,^Tecb, 4TO y mmema Bee B nopapKe , 4 ro6 bi npopon-
    XMTb 3TO MccnepoBahme.

    Cfle/iaPiTe nay3y M HaHHme npeyBe/iMMUBaib CBOM omymeHMB B Te/ie . 51 npn -


    3 biBaHD Bac c^ eAOBaTb CBOMM MHCTHHKTaM 6 e3 BbmeceHna cyxfleHMM .
    138 HacTb 2 FIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    npuMevamie . Ratire K iMemy speM


    / # M 3yHMTb no3y. He Toponnre STOT npo -
    u,ecc.
    Tenepb onmume , mo Bbi 3 aMenaeTe. KaKMe omymeHMfl BBI oco 3 HaeTe,
    Korfla onMCbiBaeie AeficTBHfl K/iMema ] ? (IpocTO cf) NKCMPYMTE TO , MTO Bbi
    [
    3 aMenaeTe , 6 e 3 BbiHeceHMfl KaKoro - /in 6 o cyxAeHkm. 06paime BHi/iMaHMe
    CBOM cj) M 3 MMecKne OLAymeHua . 06 paTme BHUMaHMe Ha TO , HTO nponcxoAMT
    c BauiMM AbixaHMeM, KorAa Bbi npeyBe/iMHHBaeTe 3Ty no 3y. Bo3 HMKaioT /in
    KaKMe -TO MbIC /lM, o 6 pa 3 bl MJ1M BOCnOMMHaHMq ?

    npHMevaHne. Retire KnvienraM BpeMn M3ynMTb n onwcarb TO , mo OHM


    McnbiTbiBafor. Coo6 innre MM TO , HTO Bbi cnbiLUMTe , BMflMTe v\ HaSmona -
    ere, 6 e 3 KaKoro - / iM6o TOJiKOBanm MUM cyx eHMH . 06pawre BHMMaHMe
    ^
    Ha B 03 M 0 XHbie HerawBHbie KOTHML\ MM v\nv\ BOcnomHanm, Koropbie
    Moryr 6 birb CBB3aHbi c noTeHtjMajibHbiMM u,enmM EMDR -Tepanuu. ECJIM
    y KJiueHTa ecrb accoi HawBHbie BocnoMmanm, OHM Moryr crarb pe/ ie -
    ^
    BblMM C06 blTMBMM , KOTOpbie MOXHO MCn 0Jlb30 BaTb fl / lB AeceHCM 6 MJlM 3 a -
    i m M nepepadoTKM . 3aBepujMTe aro MCcnenoaaHMe , nonpocMB K /iMeHTOB
    \
    HatiTM no3y, Koropaa, no nx MHeHMio , HBiineTca noflAepxMBaioineti .

    3AIIPOC HA OCHOBE OmYmEHHH


    JXJIH BbIPABOTKH UEJIH
    CjieAyiomHH HHCTpyMeHT AJTH c6opa aHaMHe3a noA Ha3BaHneM “Hccjie-
    AOBaHHe Ha ocHOBe omymeHHii”, npezuiaraeT OTBeTHTb Ha Bonpocbi, npeAHa-
    3HaneHHbie AJW yrjiy6jieHHH noHHMaHHH ncHxoTepaneBTaMH coMaraHecKHx
    ,
    CHMnTOMOB CBH3aHHbIX C npOIHJIblMH TpaBMaTHHeCKHMH nepetfCHBaHHHMH
    KJiHeHTOB, KOTOpbie MoryT CTaTb noTeHUHajibHbiMH o BeKTaMH 6 AJIH nepepa-
    6OTKH no3^ce B xoAe jieneHHH. ricHxoTepaneBT MO^KCT Hcnojib30BaTb ara BO-
    npocbi Kax nacTb AHajiora c KJIHCHTOM, HTO6BI y3HaTb 6ojibme 06 npomjibix
    OTHOHieHHHX KJIHeHTa C TeJIOM. PeaKUiHH KJTHeHTa MOryT CTaTb OCHOBOH ue-
    jieft BO BpeMfl AeceHCH6HJiH3au;HH.

    HHCTpyMeHT Ann co3 aHaMHe3a:


    HccjieAOBaHHe Ha ocHoee
    ^aHHHomymeHHii
    • KaK BBI OTHOCHTecb K CBoeMy Tejiy?
    • BaM HpaBHTCH Barne ?Tejio
    DiaBa 4 ricuxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa JXJM ..
    noBbimeHHH TejiecHOH . 139

    BbmaiOT JIH MOMeHTbi, Korjia BaM He HpaBHTcn Barne Tejio?


    KaK BH oraocHTecb K CBoeMy Tejiy?
    EcTb JIH y Bac KaKOH - jm6o 3HanHTejibHoe nepe^CHBaHHe B npouuioM ,
    CBH3aHHOe C BaiHHM TeJIOM ?

    EcTb JIH y Bac KaKHe- jm6o (J) H3HHecKHe omymeHHH HJIH onaceHHH ,
    KOTopbie , no BarneMy MHCHHIO, CBH3aHbi c nponuibiMH TpaBMaMH?

    Koraa BH nyBCTByeie Tpnrrep, 3aMenaeTe JIH Bbi KaKyio-JiH6o (})H3H-


    neCKyiO 6oJIb, CBH3aHHyiO C KaKHMH-JIH6o BOCnOMHHaHHHMH HJIH co-
    6bITHHMH B Bameil HCH3HH?
    BbiJiH JIH y Bac B npoiiijioM TejiecHbie noBpeacAeHHH? KaK AaBHO 3TO
    npoH3omjio? KaKoe jieneHHe BBI nojiynajiH?
    EcTb JIH y Bac B HacTonmee BpeMH TpeBoacHbie TejiecHbie CHMOTOMM ,
    TaKHe KaK 6ojie3HH HJIH 6OJIB? ECJIH #a, TO KaK BBI cnpaBJineTecb c 60-
    Jie3HBIO HJIH 6OJIBK> ? 3TO 3( j)(J)eKTHBHO?

    KAPTHPOBAHHE TEJ1A
    Gnejiyiomee , “ KaprapoBaHHe Tejia ” , npe jiaraeT KJIH -
    BMemaTejibCTBO
    ^
    eHTaM HapHCOBaTb H3o6 pa ceHHe Tejia H onpe/iejiHTb o6 jiacTH pa3JiHHHbix
    ^
    omymeHHH , SMOIJHH, Mbicjien HJIH BOcnoMHHaHHH. MHorne ncHxoTepaneB-
    THnecKne MCTOABI , B TOM HHCJie apT -Tepannn H TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHan
    ncHxoTepannn , Hcnojib30BajiH pncoBaHHe Tejia KaK cnoco6 HOBBICHTB ca-
    M0C03HaHHe omymeHHH H 3MOUHH H yjiyHiHHTb noHHMaHHe ncnxoTepa -
    neBTOM HCTOpHH KJIHCHTa.
    '

    ECTB HecKOJiBKO noAxo . Mbi peKOMeHAyeM


    ^OB K 3TOMy BMeuiaTejibCTBy
    BaM npeAOCTaBHTb KJineHTaM HHCTBIH JIHCT 6yMarn H npe/ HM Ha-
    yioncHTb

    pHcoBaTB KOHTyp HJIH H3o6 paHceHHe CBoero . KpoMe TOTO, Bbi MonceTe
    Tejia

    Hcnojib30 BaTb nycToid ma6 jiOH H3o6 pa>KeHHH Tejia ,


    KOTOPBIH MOHCHO pacne-
    naTaTb H npeAOCTaBHTb KJineHTaM. ECJIH BBI Hcnojib3yeTe nycTofi maSjiOH ,
    cnpocHTe KJineHTOB , KaK OHH COOTHOCHT ce6n c H3o6 pa>KeHHeM Ha 6yMare.
    HHOTAa 3TH H3o6pa^ceHHH HMeiOT noApa3yMeBaeMyio reHAepHyio opneHTa-
    U.HK), KOTopan MoaceT He noAOHTH KJineHTy. KpoMe TOTO, ma6 jiOHbi H3o6pa -

    ^ceHHH Tejia HMCIOT cymecTByiomHH pa3Mep H ( jjopMy Tejia, KOTopbie MoryT


    He cooTBeTCTBOBaTb Tejiy mineHTa HJIH MoryT 6BITB coHTeHbi ocKop6HTejib-
    HHMH. ,/JpyroH TBopnecKHH noAxoA K 3TOMy BMeuiaTejibCTBy 3aKJH0HaeTCH
    140 HacTb 2
    ^ IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemare bCTBa
    ^
    B TOM , HTo6 bI HaHTH6oJIbIHOH pyjIOH 6yMaTH, flOCTaTOHHO 6oJIbIHOH, HTo6bI
    KJineHTbi MOTJIH Ha Hero H o6BecTH KOHTypbi CBoero Tejia. Bbi6npaH
    jieiih

    3TOT noflxoa , HMeiiTe B BHflv, HTO npouecc H3yneHHH Tejia KJineHTa Tpe6yeT
    HenocpeacTBeHHOH 6JIH30CTH, H MoxceT OKa3aTbcn He6e3onacHbiM H Hey -
    MeCTHblM npOBO/IHTb BHyTpeHHIOIO JIHHHIO BflOJIb HOr HJIH BOKpyr Tyjio-
    BHHja . Ilpn Bbi6ope SToro BapnaHTa KJIHCHT MO^ceT nonpocHTb HaaeJKHoro
    HJieHa ceMbH HJIH apyra noMOHb HapncoBaTb KOHTypbi Tejia nepen ceccHeii.

    BMetuamejibcmeo 15 . KapinpoBaHne Tena


    llpexfle neM npnciynmb K pucoBaHmo Kornypa TeBa , cfleBaMTe HecKOBb-
    KO rny6 oKnx BAOXOB. CAenaMTe nay3y, mo 6 bi cocpeAOTOMMTb BHMMaHne
    M y 6 eAMTbCB B OTcyTCTBMM cyxAeHMM OTHocmeribHO STOTO MCCJieAOBaHrm
    TeBa . no3 BOBbre BameMy co 3HaHMio nepeMemaTbca BHyipn Bamero Tena.
    HcnoBb3yn HMCTbm BMCT 6yMarn, noipaibTe HecKOBbKO MMHyT M HapMcyMTe
    Kornyp CBoero Tena , noMHB , MTO Bam pMcyHOK He o 6 B 3 aieribHO AOBxeH 6 biTb
    MAeaBbHbiM. 3TOT pMcyHOK 6yAeT KapToPi c pa3 HbiMM pBeiaMM, CMMBOB 3 MM
    H cnoBaMH, KOTopbie npeACTaBBmoT Bame OTHomeHne K CBoeMy TeBy .
    Ha npopecca a npn 3biBaio Bac CBeAMTb 3 a CBOMM A ^I-
    npoTfDKeHHH Bcero
    xaHMeM M } omymeHMBMM . Bbi caMM onpeAeBqeie TeMn SToro
    ( ) M 3 MHecKMMM

    BMemaieBbCTBa M MoxeTe coo 6 iAHTb MHe , xorAa 6yAeie roTOBbi K cBeAy -


    toiAeMy Bonpocy. H npomy Bac AbimaTb M ABMraTbca Bio 6 biM OIOCO 6OM ,
    KOTopbiM noMoraeT BaM coxpaHBTb pecypcHoe cocTOBHMe H ocraBaTbca
    Ha CBB 3 M CO CBOMM TeBOM .

    Tenepb a npeABOxy p ^ A BonpocoB, M Bbi CMOxeie OTBeTMTb Ha HMX, Ao6 a -


    BMB BK) 6 bie UBeTa , CMMBOBbl MBM CB 0 B 3, KOTOpbie COOTBeTCTByiOT BamMM
    omyiAeHMBM B OTHomeHMM cooTBeTCTByiomeM o 6BacTM Bamero TeBa .

    npuMevamie. 3ap,aeame a Bonpocbi a Teme KjmeHTa. flonpocme KM -


    eHra cooGiparb BaM , Korpa OH 3 aBepiuaeT Kaxpbifi OTBer, npexpe neM ne -
    pexopHTb K cnepytoipeMy Bonpocy.

    • B KaKOM MecTe CBoero TeBa Bbi MyBcmyeTe ce 6 a paccBa 6BeHH 0, KOMcJiop -


    THO MBM CBO 6 OAHO ?rionpo 6yMTe HapMCOBaTb Bee , MTO Bbi 3 aMeMaeTe , MC -
    noBb 3ya pBeTa , CMMBOBbl MBM CBOBa AHA npeACTaBBeHMB 3TMX o 6BacrePi.

    • B KaKOM MecTe CBoero TeBa Bbi MyBCTByeTe ce 6 a orpaHMHeHHo, 3 ax<aTo,


    HanpBXeHHO MBM CABBBeHHO ? H 306pa3 MTe 3TM 06BaCTM.
    DiaBa 4 ncHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa njin noBbimeHHH TejiecHoft... 141

    • Tfle Bbi nyBCTByeTe 6 onb ? Ha HTO OHS noxoxa ? Xrynafl, ocTpan, Toyman,
    Hoiomaa , npoH3 atomaa ? Y Hee ecTb pBeT ? H3 o 6 pa 3 me STM 06 /iacTM.
    • TAe Bbi MyBCTByeie OHeMeHMe, npmyn/ieHHOCTb M /IM oneHb c /ia 6yio HyB -
    CTBHTe/ibHOdb? H 3 o 6 pa 3 MTe 3 TM o 6;iacTM.
    • EcTb JIM o 6.nacTM , KOTopbie BaM He HpaBaixa ? H3o 6 pa 3 me BTM 06/iacTM
    Ha CBoeM pHcyHKe.

    • Edb m 06/iacTM, KOTopbie BaM HpaBaica ? M 3o6pa3me 3TM 06/iacTM


    Ha CBoeM pi/icyHKe .
    • B KaKOM Mecie CBoeroie/ia Bbi nyBCTByeie peaxuMio Ha cM /ibHbie 3 MOL;MM ,
    dbiA ? M3 o 6pa 3 me
    TaKHe KaK rpycTb, 3 /iocTb, paAOCTb, B 036yxAeHne MJIM
    STM 06 /iacTM Ha CBoeM pucyHKe.

    • HapkicyMTe 06/iacTM , CBB 3 aHHbie c BaniMMnpow;ibiM, HanpMMep mpaMbi ,


    a Taxxe cneAbi OT onepaAMM M /IM Hecnacmbix cnynaeB. OTMeTbTe 3TM
    BAXHBIE 06/iacTM Ha CBoeM pMcyHxe.
    • Tenepb noAyMaMTe Hecxo/ibxo MMHyT H Bbino^ Hme nK) 6 bie Apyme H30 -
    6 paxeHMa , cnoBa MJIM UBeia , KOTopbie xaxyTcn BaM BaxHbiMM. llpocTO
    c /ieAytiTe cBoeMy MMny/ibcy. rioipaibie cro/ibxo BpeMeHH, cxo/ibxo BaM
    HyXHO.

    • Tenepb CAe/iaMTe nay3y, mo 6 bi nocMOTpeTb Ha CBOM pncyHOK. Edb JIM xa -


    Kne -TO Lua 6noHbi, KOTopbie BaM 3 anoMHM /iMCb ? HTO Bbi 3 aMeTM /iM B npa -
    BOM M JieBOH CTopoHax pMcyHxa Baiuero Te/ia ? Kax HacneT nepeAHeM
    M 3 aAHen nacTM Bamero Te /ia Ha BaiueM pHcyHxe ? Tenepb nocMOTpme
    Ha BepxHioio H HHXHKDK3 HacTM pHcyHxa Bamero Te/ia .

    • rioipaibie HexoTopoe BpeMn , mo 6 bi omyTHTb M noHyBCTBOBaTb, xaxoBO


    3TO CMOTpeTb Ha pncyHox Bamero Tejia B nepex /no -
    pe/iOM . Bbi Moxeie
    HaTbcn MexAy B 3 rrmA 0 M Ha CBOM pncyHOx M 3 axpbiTMeM rna 3 , HTo 6 bi MH -
    TerpMpoBaTb TO , HTO Bbi nyBcmyeTe M omym,aeTe B CBoeM Tene. flenaMTe
    3TO B yAo 6 HOM A -ns sac TeMne. flaMTe MHe 3 HaTb , xorAa 3 axoHHMTe .

    .
    flpuMenamie florpaTbre nexoTopoe Bpem B Kornje BMeiuarenbCTBa, 4TO -
    6 bi nouHTepecoBarbCfi nepexMBaHMBMM KnMemoB. npepnoxMTe MM no -
    ReJlMTbCB CBOMMM aCCOU,MaU,MBMM M OTMeTMTb W06 bie pecypcbl , KOTopbie
    HdxoRflTcn B MX rene, M / no6 bie noreHpManbHbie u,e/ iM , CBB3aHHbie c xaproM
    MX rena.
    142 Hacn> 2
    ^ ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    PACCKA3 HCTOPHH BE 3 CJIOB


    CjiOBa nacTO MemaiOT KJiHemaM omymaTb CBoe Tejio, oco6eHHO TeM , KTO
    ncnojib3yeT HHTejuieKTyajibHyio 3amnTy. IIoaTOMy MOACCT 6 biTb nojie3HbiM

    HaHTH TBOpneCKHe CnOCo6 bI nOMOHb KJIHeHTaM nOAKAIOHHTbCA K omyme-


    HHAM H HyBCTBaM , HTo bI 6 pa3BHTb HX TOJiepaHTHOCTb K TeJieCHOH 0C03HaH-
    HOCTH. B AonoAHeHHe K KapTHpoBaHHio Tejia BBI MOAceTe nonpocHTb CBOHX
    KJineHTOB paccKa3aTb HCTopmo 6e3 CJIOB, npeAAOACHB HM o6maTbCA c no-
    MOmbK) ABHACeHHH H ACeCTOB.
    IlpaKTHKa ABHACCHHA AAA paccKa3a HCTOPHH nponcxo-
    Hcnojib30 BaHH5i

    mT H3 Bbipa3HTejIbHbIX HCKyCCTB H TaHIjeBaJIbHO-flBHraTeJIbHOH nCHXOTe-


    pannn. B nacTHOCTH , Ha STO BMemaTejibCTBO noBAHAA MCTOA ayTeHTHHHO-
    ro ABHACCHHA , KOTOpbiH 6biji pa3pa6oTaH YaHTxaycoM [ Whitehouse , 1999]
    B 1950- x roAax KaK KOM6HHaijHA aHajiH3a no lOmy n aKcnpeccHBHoii
    ZiiBHraTejibHOH ncHXOTepanHH. BnocAeACTBHH MCTOA ayTeHTHHHoro ABH -
    pa3BHBajia RyKaneT A jiep [ Adler, 1999], KOTopan BKAtOHHAa B Hero
    ACCHHA
    ^
    6yMHHCKyio 4> HJIOCO4)HK) C aicuieHTOM Ha 0C03HaHH0CTb 6e3 BbmeceHHA
    cyACAeHHH. AHajiorHHHO 3TOMy noAxoAy, MCTOA ABuraTejibHoro ijHKAa ,
    pa3pa6oTaHHbm KoAAyaAA [Caldwell, 1996, 1997], no6yACAaeT KAHCHTOB
    HA6 jnoAaTb H cjieAOBaTb ABHraTeAbHbiM HMnyjibcaM B npouecce ncnxoTe -
    panHH. 3TOT npouecc AaeT KJIHeHTaM pa3pemeHHe BbipaAcaTb CBOH nyBCTBa
    HeBep6ajibHbiM o6 pa30M H MOACCT noMOHb HM paccKa3aTb o CBOHX nepeACH -
    BaHHHx , Kor a He xBaTaeT CJIOB. B xoAe ncHXOTepanHH no MeTOAy ayTeH -
    ^
    THHHoro ABHACCHHA KJIHeHTOB npOCAT CJieAOBaTb HMnyjibcaM OmymeHHH
    BHyTpn Tejia , HTO6H ABHraTbCA HJIH H3AaBaTb 3ByKH jno 6biM cnoco6oM,
    KOTOpbiH KaACCTCA HHTyHTHBHO nOHATHbIM.
    CjieAyiomee BMemaTejibCTBO, “ PaccKa3 HCTOPHH 6e3 CJIOB , 6
    OCO CHHO
    AeHHo AJIH KJIHeHTOB, KOTopwe MoryT paccKa3aTb HCTopnio o TpaBMHpyio-
    meM Co6bITHH 6e3 SMOAHOHaAbHOH Harpy3KH , CBH3aHHOH BOCnOMHHaHHH -
    MH. 3TO BMemaTejibCTBO yrjiy6 jmeT B3aHMonoHHMaHHe MeACAy ncnxoTepa-
    neBTOM H KJineHTOM , HanpaBAneT npouecc onpeAeAeHHA ijejieii H npeoAO-
    AeBaeT 3amHTHbie 6apbepbi , KOTopbie 6AOKHpyiOT TeAecHyio oco3HaHHOCTb
    BO BpeMH nepepa6oTKH ncHxoAorHnecKOH TpaBMbi.
    CymecTBeHHbiM acneKTOM STOTO BMemaTeAbCTBa ABAACTCA pojib ncnxo-
    TepaneBTa , 3aKAiOHaiomaACA B TOM, HTO6BI HenpeAB3ATO Ha6AioAaTb H CO-
    o6maTb KJineHTy TO, HTO OH BHACJI, nyBCTBOBaji HAH HcnbiTbiBaA , noKa KAH -
    eHT ABHraAcn. 3TO pa3MbiniAeHHe MOACCT noMOHb KAHemaM pa3o6 paTbcn
    DiaBa 4 IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa JXJM .
    noBbimeHHH TejiecHOH.. 143

    B CBOHX nepe KHBaHH


    ^ ^x, nyBCTBax H BOcnpHHTH5ix. Hcnojib30BaHHe HacTpa-
    eHHH BO BpeMfl 3Toro ynpa CHeHHH noMoraeT 3aHKopHTb
    HBaiomnx yTBep ^c
    ^ H yKpenuTb pejraijHOHHyio CBH3b. ElpHMepbi HacTpan-
    ^
    ABoimoe co3HaHHe
    Baiomnx yTBep eHHH B ce6n Taicne cj> pa3bi, icaic “ OieAyfire 3a
    ^ BKjnonaiOT

    Te eHMeM ” , “ ripocTO o6 pamairre BHHMaHHe Ha TO, HTO nponcxoAHT ” , “ BaM


    ^
    He Hy KHO HHHero BbiHCHHTb ” HJIH
    ^ “ Bbi He AOJDKHM 3acTaBjiHTb HTO JIH O - 6
    npoHCxo HTb ”. Bo BpeMH 3TOTO BMemaTejibCTBa Ba >KHO npoAOjmaTb nepe-
    ^
    AOBaTb CBOe BHHMaHHe Me C,ay Co6cTBeHHbIMH BHyTpeHHHMH OIJUymeHHHMH
    ^
    H BHeniHen oco3HaHHOCTbio KJineHTa, Kax yKa3aHO B onncaHHH ynpaacHeHHH
    Ajm noBbimeHHH TejiecHOH oco3HaHHOCTH ncHxoTepaneBTOB noA Ha3BaHH -
    eM “ HaSjnoAaTejibHbie HaBbiKH ncHxoTepaneBTa ”. BHyTpeHHHe omymeHHH
    o6eCneHHBaiOT OCHOBy AJIH HaCTpOHKH H ayTeHTHHHbIX OTHOHieHHH , CBH -
    6
    3aHHbIX C OnbITOM Ha jIIOAeHHH 3a KJIHeHTOM .

    BMeiuamejibcmeo 16. PaccKa 3 MCTOPMM 6 e3 C /IOB


    3 aMeTM.np HTO Bbi TOiibKO HTO paccKa 3 a;iM MHe MCTopMto o CBOMX nepexM -
    BaHMJix, HO Bbi , KaxeTCfi, pa 3 opBa /iM KOHTaKT. xoTe;i 6 bi npeA noxMTb BaM
    -
    B 03 M 0XH 0 db yrny 6 MTb Bailie
    oco3 H 3 HMe CBoero Tena B CBH 3 M C 3TMMM ne -
    pexMBaHMBMM. Bac 3T0 yCTpOMT ?

    .
    flpuMenaHne flpexpe neM npoponxaTb paHHoe MCCJiepoBaHue, y6epn-
    recb, HTO c KJIHeHTOM Bee B nopnpKe.

    6 bi xoTe/i , HTo 6 bi Bbi noAyMafiM 06 MCTOPMM , Koiopyio ranbKO HTO paccxa -


    3a M MHe , M yAe /iM /iM MMHyTKy oco 3 HaHMio CBoero Te /ia . Ha STOT pa 3 a xony,
    ^
    HTo 6 bi Bbi CHOBa paccKa 3a;iM MHe 3Ty MCTOPMKD , HO 6 e 3 CTIOB . 06 paTMTe
    BHMM 3 HMe Ha CBOM (}) M 3 MHeCKMe OLAymeHMH M n 03 B 0 /lbTe CBOMM OLAy -
    meHMBM B 3 BTb MHMpMaTMBy Ha ce 6a . npM 3 biBaio Bac cneAOBaTb CBOMM
    MHCTMHKT3 M 6 e 3 BbIHeCeHMB CyXAeHMM . 1103 BO bTe MCTOpMM paCKpbITbCfl
    ^
    nepe 3 BaniM xecTbi , no 3 y M BbipaxeHMe /iMU,a . 3TO MOxeT noKa 3aTbca He -
    MHOTO mynbiM , HO nonpo 6yMTe M nocMOTpMTe , HTO npoM 30 MAeT.

    ripuMenaHHe . flafiTe xmemaM mynma CBOH nepexHBaHHH .


    BpeMH
    JHoBOJibHO Hacw nonanany K/ ineHTbi nyBCTBytoT pucKOMcpopT. He napo
    ycKopBTb M nopTa / iKHBaTb 3TOT npopecc. ECJIH KfineHTbi MoryTynacTBOBaTb
    B 3TOM ynpaxHeHHM , Ha6mopaMTe 3a HX pBHxeHHBMH Mo / ina H penuxaT -
    HO , nooippnn HX TaxmH yTBepxpeHMHMH Kax 'TlpaBHJibHo" v\ "floBepauTe
    144 MacTb 2 ricnxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    npopeccy " . Korpa Kimenr pBMraeTCB, oSparnre BHMMaHMe Ha CBOM <pM -


    3 MHecK.ue oinymeHHB, 3 MOPMM MJIM accopuapm. llpepfioxMTe Kfineman
    paCCKa3 blBaTb CBOIO MCTOpMK) 6e3 CJIOB CTOflbKO, CKO/ lbKO OHM XOTRT. Korpa
    OHM 3aK 0 HHar CBOM flBMxeHMM , npopoiixaMTe paccnpawMBarb 06 MX nepe -
    XMBdHMRX .

    Tenepb o6pawe BHMMaHMe Ha TO, IOK Bbi ce 6q nyBCTByeTe. Ecib /IM KaKMe -To
    oiuymeHMfl , KOTopbiMM Bbi xoTe/iM 6 bi nofle^ mbCB co MHOM ? no/iynmiM
    BM Bbi KaKMe - /iM 6 o HOBbie HfleM nocrie 6 eccnoBecHoro M 3yneHMB BauieM
    MCTOpMM ?

    npme'iamie. BHMMare/ibHO Bbic / iywaMre, xame BbiBopbi M 3 BJiexjiM KJIM -


    eHTbi M3 3Toro BMeiuarejibCTBa . flpexpe neM nepeMTM K cfiepyimpeMy wary,
    nonpocMre y KJIMBHTOB pa3 peweHMa nopenMTbcn reM, mo Bbi McnbnanM ,
    noxa OHM paccxa3 biBanM CBOK> MCTOPMIO 6e3 cnoB. ECJIM toiMem paer pa3 -
    peweHMe, npoponxaMTe pefiMTbcn CBOMMM nepexMBaHMBMM . Bbi Moxere
    paccxa3 aTb o CBOMX (pM3 MnecKMX oipyipeHMBX , Koropbin nonBMfiMCb , xorpa
    Bbi cra / iM CBMflereJieM STOM MCTOPMM , xaKMe SMOPMM Bbi McnbiTbma / iM , BOC -
    npMHMMdn (pM 3 MHecKMe OLpymeHMB MJIM BbipaxeHMe Jinpa KnMema. BaxHo
    npOBBJimb OCTOpOXHOCTb M He MHTepnpeTMpOBdTb flBMXeHMB KflMeHTa.
    flycrb CMbICJI 3TMX flBMXeHMM MCXORMT OT KflMeHTa, 3 He OT BaC.
    xoTe/i 6 bi nofle /iMTbca c BaMM TeM, HTO B McnbiTan , Ha 6 /iK> AaB , xax Bbi
    paccKa 3 biBaeie HCTopmo 6 e 3 C;IOB. Hunero , ecrm B noAe/iiocb CBOMMM
    pa 3 MblLLUieHMBMM ? HiaK, B nOHBJI , HTO ...

    npMMenaHMe. floc/ ie roro, xax nopejiMrecb CBOMMM HabniopeHMftMM , cHOBa


    o6paTMrecb K cBoeMy KJiMemy. 3TO BMewarenbCTBo Moxer crarb MOLPHUM
    o6MeHOM 3 M 0 PMBMM MJIM nopHBTb TeMbl , KOTOpbie MOXHO OdcyflMTb MJIM 6e3 -
    oroBopoHHO npMHBTb. flfut Havana 3TOM 6ecepbi Bbi Moxere Mcnofib30 Barb
    cjiepyioipMe Bonpocbi : " BTO Bbi nonyBCTBOBajiM , ycnbtwaB MOM pa3 Mbiwjie -
    HMB ? Kaxne cpM3 MHecKMe ow,yipeHMB Bbi McnbiTbmaere BPAHHBIM MOMem?”

    nPHBbIHHAH PEAKUHH HA CTPECC


    HejroBeKV CBOHCTBCHHO HCKaTb 6e3onacHOCTb H CTa 6HjibHOCTb; MH
    CKJIOHHBL AeJiaTb HTO TO - no npHBbIHKe. OTHaCTH 3TO CBH3aHO C TeM , HTO
    pyTHHa ynpomaeT Harny >KH3Hb 3a cneT SKOHOMHH aHepran , Toraa KaK HO -
    Bbie CHTyaijHH Tpe6yioT 6ojibineH ocBeAOMJieHHOCTH o HarneM OKpyjKeHHH
    DiaBa 4 ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeuiaTejibCTBa AJIH noBbimeHHH TejiecHOH... 145

    H BHHMaHHH K npoueccy H o6yneHHK). Mbi TaK^Ke pearnpyeM Ha CTpecc


    npHBbiHHbiMH cnoco6aMH. LiHorua HaM YUAETCH Bbipa6oTaTb no3HTHBHbie
    MexaHH3MbI BbDKHBaHHH. O HaKO TaKJKe HaCTO pa3BHBaiOTCH peaKUHH
    ^ J
    Ha CTpecc, KOTopbie MoryT npoHBJiHTbCH B BHAe ( ) H3HHecKoro Hanpn ceHHH
    ^
    B Tejie , He3AopoBbix naTTepHOB SMOUHOHajibHoro BbipaaceHHH HJIH pa3py -
    HiHTejibHbix encTBHH , TaKHx KaK aAAHKUHH HJIH H36eraHHe. 3TO
    yBHAeTb B TBKHX
    ^ TejiecHbixnarrepHax, Kax 3auepjKKa AbixaHHH , HaBH3-
    MOJKHO

    HHBbie MbICJIH , n03B0JIHI0 mHe H36eraTb (J)H3HHeCKHX OmymeHHH, C^CHMa-


    HHe KyjiaKOB, cTHCKHBaHHe HejiiocTeii , noKycbmaHHe HorreH H Tax jjajiee.
    3HaHHe BHAOB peaKUHH Ha CTpecc noMoraeT KJineHTaM Jiynnie noHHTb CBOH
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    BMemaTejibCTBO “ IIpHBbiHHaH peaKUHH Ha CTpecc” uaeT KJineHTaM BO3-
    MOJKHOCTb H3yHHTb CBOH peaKUHH Ha CTpeCC H CBH3aHHbie C HHMH MO eJIH
    Hanpn ceHHH B . OH c Toro, HTO K/meHTbi HaxouHT Hefl -
    ^
    ^ Tejie HanHHaeTCH
    TpajibHbie HJIH nojiojKHTejibHbie oiuyiueHHH B Tejie, KOTopbie KOHTpacTH -

    pyiOT c HX peaKunefi Ha CTpecc. H3yHeHHe npHBbiHHOH peaKUHH Ha CTpecc


    TaK
    ^ce^ 06 npo6Hbix uejinx. B STOM cjiynae
    MO ceT uaTb npeucraBjieHHe
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    BbiHHbix peaKUHH Ha CTpecc, y HHX noHBjineTCH 6ojibine B03M02CH0CTeH BBI -
    6paTb upyryio peaKUHio. IoTOBHCb K 3TOMy BMemaiejibCTBy, ncnxoTepaneB-
    Tbl AOJI2KHBI y6eUHTbCH , HTO KJIHCHTbl pa3pa6oTaJIH npOHHblH KOHTeHHep
    H MOryT npH Heo 6xOAHMOCTH BepHyTbCH K KOHTeHHHpOBaHHIO TeJieCHOTO
    UHCTpecca ( BMemaTejibCTBO 3).

    BMemamejibcmeo 17. npMBbiHHaa peaKUHH Ha cipecc

    HaMume MecTO B CBoeM Te/ie , rue Bbi nyBCTByeie ce 6 a HenpMHyxAeHHO ,


    cnoKOMHo HJIH HeMTpa /ibHO . riepeHecme CBoe co 3 HaHMe B 3Ty o 6/iacrb
    M n 03 B 0BbTe 3T0My OLUyLUeHMfO yCM /lMTbCfl .
    Tenepb BcnoMHme MOMeHTbi , KOTopbie 6 bmn A nfl Bac cipeccoBbiMH . «

    lloTpaTbTe HeKOTopoe BpeMH , HTo 6 bi npocMOTpeTb STM MOMeHTbi B yMe .


    06 paTHTe BHMMaHMe Ha CBOH cf) M 3MHecKMe OLuyLueHM ^ . KaKMe SMOUMM BBI
    HCNBITBIBAEIE ? HTO BBI AyMaeie o ce 6 e ?

    KorAa Bbi nonyBCTByeTe, HTO co 6 pa /in AOCTaTOHHO HH(f)opMauMM o CBoeM OT-


    Beie, OTnycTHTe 3TO BocnoMMHaHMe min noMeame ero B CBOH KOHTeMHep.
    146 HacTb 2 & IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    Tenepb BcnoMHme eu\e OAHO cipeccoBoe co 6 bune. rioTpaTbie HeKOTopoe


    BpeMfl Ha TO, HT06 bl MblCJieHHO npOCMOTpeTb BOCnOMMHaHHfl 06 3T0M Bpe -
    MeHM. KaKHe omymeHMfl Bbi 3 aMenaeTe B CBoeM Te /ie ? KaKMe SMOUMM Bbi
    McnbiTbiBaeie ? HTO Bbi AyMaeie o ce 6 e ? HyBCTByeie m Bbi HTO -TO noxo>Kee
    Ha TO, HTO Bbi McnbiTajiM npM nepBOM CTpeccoBOM co 6 biTMM ? HyBCTByeTe
    JIM Bbi HTO -TO OTJIMHHOe OT nepBOTO CTpeCCOBOTO C 06 blTMfl ? ECTb JIM 3 Ha -
    KOMbm coMaTMHecKMM OTBeT? CHOBa CAe /iaMTe my 6 oKMM BAOX M OTnycTMTe
    3T0 MJ1M MCnOJIb 3yMTe CBOM KOHTeMHep .
    Tenepb BepHMTecb B CBoe cnoKOMHoe MJIM HeMTpajibHoe MecTO B Te/ie.
    rioHyBCTByMTe CBH3 b 3Toro MecTa c CO 6 OM. ECJIM BaM TpyAHO CHHTb Hanpq -
    XeHMe, MCn 0 b3 yMTe CBOM HaBbIK KOHTeMHMpOBaHMfl.
    ^
    .
    ripuMevaHMe lAay^ me BMecre c K /weHTOM , newy OH Haynuncn 6/ iaroAapn
    aroMy BMeLuare/ ibCTBy. EC / IM KiweHT o6Hapyxuii o6/ iacm AMcrpecca, o6pa-
    wre BHMMaHue, HTO 3TIA (pM3 MHecKMe omymeHM Moryr 6 biTb MccneftOBanbi
    KaK noreHLiMa / ibHbie \\env\ EMDR - repannn f\s\B nepepadoTKM BO spe /w? / je -
    ceHCM 6MJiM 3au,m.

    OIIPE EJIEHHE UEJIEH HA OCHOBE


    ^
    OH 3HHECKHX OmYmEHHH
    OnpeAejieHHe aejien B xoAe EMDR-TepanHH BKjnonaeT B ce6n MHoace -
    CTBO acneKTOB TpaBMaTHHeCKOrO Co6 bITHH , KOTOpbie CttKHBJIflIOT BOCnOMH -
    HaHHH H AaiOT B03M0)KH0CTb AeceHCH6HJIH3 ailHH H nepepa6()TKH. HaCTO
    Haii6ojiee AOCTynHbiM KOMnoHeHTOM TpaBMaTHHecKoro BOcnoMHHaHHH HB-
    jraeTCH BH3yajibHbift o6pa3. OAHaKo He MeHee Ba HO, HTO6 W KJIHCHT HAeH -
    ^
    J
    TH( ) HAHpOBaJI BMOAHOHaJIbHbie , HeraTHBHbie KOTHHTHBHbie H TeJieCHbie
    acneKTbi BOcnoMHHaHHH. Uejib Taicace MoaceT 6 biTb Bbipa6oTaHa Ha ocHOBe
    J
    ( ) H3HHecKHx omymeHHH. HanpHMep, ecjin KjmeHT HAeHTHcJmijHpyeT Ha-
    npn^ceHHe B HCHBOTe, BBI MoaceTe onpeAejiHTb mejib Ha ocHOBe STOTO omy -
    meHHH KaK B03M 0)KH 0CTb HCCJieAOBaTb, CHH3HTB HyBCTBHTeJIbHOCTb H ne-
    pepa6oTaTb CBH3aHHbie c STHM BOcnoMHHaHHH, y6e>KAeHHH H SMOIJHH.
    CjieAyiomHH npHMep HJijnocTpHpyeT ijeHHOCTb onpeAejieHHH ijejiH
    Ha ocHOBe (J> H3HHecKHx omymeHHH. Kor a KjiHeHTKa paccKa3biBajia o CBO -
    ^
    eM AeTCTBe , y Hee BO3HHKJIO 6ojie3HeHHoe omymeHHe B ropjie. Kor a ee
    nonpocHjm onwcaTb ero, OHa onncajia omymeHHe, 6yATO y Hee HeT TOJIO -
    ^
    ca, H Hanajia njiaKaTb. IlcHXOTepaneBT noMor KjmeHTKe Bbipa6oTaTb ijejib
    DiaBa 4 & IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa # jra noBbimeHna TejiecHoft... 147

    EMDR -TepanHH Ha ocHOBe omymeHHH B ee ropjie. Ee o6pa3 6biji KapTHHoii


    caMOH ce6n MajieHbKOH AeBOHKH , nbiTaioiueiiCH 3aicpHHaTb, HO He H3AaBaB-
    mefl HH 3ByKa. Y Hee 6biJia HeraTHBHan KOTHHIJHJI “ H He BaacHa ”. OHa no-
    HHjia , HTO eft xoTejiocb 6 bi BepHTb, HTO OHa BaacHa. Kimem nepepa6oTajia

    o6pa3 ce6n icaic 6e3MOJiBHoro pe6eHKa, H 6OJIB B ropjie OTnycTHjia.


    B 3TOM pa3#ejie npe jiaraiOTCH ABa cueHapHH onpeAejieHHH ijejiH, KOTO-
    ^
    pbie noMoryT KjmeHTaM npoirra nepe3 npouecc Bbipa6oTKH nejm Ha ocHOBe
    omymeHHH. IlepBbiH cueHapnii BKjnonaeT a(J)(J) eKTHBHbiH MOCT OT omyme-
    HHH K noHCKy npoSHoii ijejiH. BrapoH cijeHapHH pa6oiaeT c| ( ) H3HHecKHMH

    omymeHHHMH , KOTopbie HcnbiTbmaeT KJIHCHT B HacTonmHH MOMCHT. 3TO


    BMemaTejibCTBO HBAHCTCH ajibrepHaTHBOH , KorAa HeT HCTKHX BocnoMH-

    HaHHH O npOHIJIOM , KOTOpbie KJIHeHT CBH3bIBaeT C OmymeHHeM. /J, pyrHMH


    cjioBaMH , npo6HOH u,ejiH HeT . Pa6oTa c omymeHHeM B HacTOHmeM MOMCH -
    Te TaiGKe HBJineTCH ijeHHbiM noAxoAOM , Kor
    K AUCCOUHaiJHH .
    ^a y KjmeHTa ecTb CKJIOHHOCTB

    Cu,eHapHH onpeaejieHHH u,ejm Ha ocHoee 4> H3HHecKHX


    omymeHHH c noMombio a(jxj)6KTHBHoro MOCTa
    Teno. KaKMe (j) M 3MHecKMe owtyLAeHMfl Bbi McnbiTbiBaeTe ?

    KapTMHa / o 6pa 3 . KorAa BBI nyBCTByeie [ ornymeHMe Te/ia ], CKaxme MHe,


    mo Bbi ncnbiTbiBaeie ? HacKo /ibKo cM /ibHbiM AB /meTCA STO omyiMeHMe ?
    EcTb JIM y Hero UBeT, c)) opMa MJIM TeKdypa ? KaKaa KapTMHa MJIM o 6 pa 3 CBH -
    3 aHa y Bac c HMM ?

    HeraTMBHafl KOTHMAMA . Kor a Bbi AyMaeie 06 3TOM KapTMHe MJIM o 6 pa3 e ,


    ^
    KaKMe HeraTMBHbie y 6 e>KAeHMH B 03 HMKai0T y Bac o ce 6 e ?

    SMOUMII . KaKMe SMOAMM Bbi McnbiTbiBaeTe ?


    A(Jx)> eKTMBHbiii MOCT. Tenepb cKOHAem- pMpyMTecb Ha [ KapTMHe MJIM o 6pa-
    3 e ] , 3 TMX HeraTMBHbix c /ioBax [ HeraTMBHa KOTHMUMH KJiMeHTa ] , nyBCTBax ,
    ^
    KOTopbie Bbi McnbiTbiBaeTe , M Ha TOM , B KaKOM Mecie Te/ia Bbi McnbiTbiBa -
    eie OLAyLAeHM ?i , cBH 3 aHHbie c IlycTb Bam pa 3 yM BcnoMHMT
    STMM nyBCTBOM .
    caMbm nepBbm pa 3 ,
    KOTAS Bbi HyBCTBOBa /iM ce 6 a
    TaKxe . OTMenaMTe JIIO -
    6 bie accopMauMM , KOTopbie y Bac B 03 HMKaioT, He noABepraa ce 6 a peH 3 ype .
    CxaxMTe MHe , HTO npMXOAMT BaM B ro/iOBy.
    .
    ripuMenaHHe CocraBbre CWACOK Bcex accoL\\ aulm, o
    ^ Koropbix COO 6 LU, MJI
    K/ weHT. flpoBeflMTe no/iHyio o emcy npobnow qe/w.
    ^
    148 Hacrb 2 ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    KapTMHa /o 6pa 3 . Kaxan xapTMHa M /IM o 6 pa 3 npeflCTaB /iaeT CO 6 OM xyAwyio


    MaCTb [ BOCnOMMHaHMfl ] ?

    HeraTMBHan KOTHMUMH. KorAa Bbi BMflUTe 3Ty xapTMHy M /IM o 6 pa 3 , KaKoe


    HeraTMBHoe MHeHne y Bac B 03 HMxaeT o ce 6 e ?

    no3 MTMBHan KOTHMAMH. Korfla Bbi BMAme 3Ty xapTMHy M /in o 6 pa 3 , BO MTO
    6 bi Bbi xoTe/iM noBepmb o ce 6 e ?
    LUxa /ia VoC. KorAa Bbi BMAme 3Ty xapTMHy MJIM o 6 pa 3 n c /ibiwMTe cnoBa
    [ n03MTMBH 3B XOTHMAMH KJlMGHTa ], HaCXOJlbXO BepHbIMM XaxyTCB BaM 3TM
    cnoBa no wxa /ie OT eAMHMAbi AO ceMM , rAe eAMHMua xaxeTca coBepweH -
    HOM noxbio , a ceMb — noriHOM npaBAOM ?

    3 MOAMM. KorAa Bbi BcnoMMHaeie 06 3TOM xapTMHe M;IM o 6 pa 3 e M 3THX CJIO-


    Bax [ HeraTUBHOM XOTHMAMM icnneHTa ], xaxne SMOLIMM Bbi ceMHac ncnbiTbi -
    Baeie ?

    LUxajia SUDS, flo uixa /ie OT Hy/ia AO AOCBTM , rAe Hy/ib — OTcyTCTBMe crpec -
    ca HetiTpa /ibHoe OTHomeHne , a AecBTb — MaxcMMa /ibHbm cipecc , xo -
    M /II/i
    TopbiM Bbi Moxeie ce 6 e npeACTaBHTb, Hacxo/ibxo Bac cewMac 6 ecnoKom
    3T0T MHU,HAeHT?

    Tejio . B xaxoM Mecie Tena Bbi ncnbiTbiBaeie HenpuBTHbie OLAymsHMB ?

    npmevaHne. flocne roro, xax pe/ ib onpepenena, BBIN ONHME aranbi pe -


    ceHCu6unM 3 au,MM , MHCTannmj, mi v\ cxanixpoBaHm rena. flpoponxaixTe,

    BbinoiiHMB 3TM araribi pnn Bcex npouj / ibix peneti , Texyipeix pemx M wo6bix
    rpurrepoB, \x 3aK0 HHHTe uja6fiOHOM 6ypyipero noBepenm pun npeopone -
    HIXB 6O/ IM mix 6one3Htx .

    Cu,eHapnft onpeaejieHHH u,e/iH Ha ocHOBe 4>H3HHecKHx


    omymeHHH 6e3 acfxJ/ eKTHBHoro MOCTa
    Te/10. Kaxue c|) M 3 MHecxMe omymeHMB Bbi McnbiTbiBaeie ?

    KapTMHa /o 6pa3. KorAa Bbi nyBCTByeie [ oiAymeHMe Tena ] , cxaxMTe MHe ,


    MTO Bbi McnbiTbmaeTe ? Hacxoribxo CMJibHbiM BB /ineTCB STO OLAymeHne ?
    EcTb nn y Hero AseT, cfiopMa nnn TexcTypa ? Kaxaa xapTMHa MJIM o 6 pa 3
    npeACTaBnneT 3TO ATIH Bac ?

    HeraTMBHafi KOTHHAMB. KorAa Bbi BMAMTe 3Ty xapTMHy M /IM o 6 pa 3 , xaxoe


    HeraTMBHoe MHeHMe y Bac B 03 HMxaeT 0 ce 6 e ?
    DiaBa 4 IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeiuaTeJibCTBa ann noBbiiueHHH TejiecHOH ... 149

    ri03MTMBHafl KOTHMUMfl. Korfla Bbl BMflUTe 3Ty KapTHHy M /1M o 6 pa 3 , BO MTO


    6 bi Bbi xoie/iM noBepmb o ce 6 e ?
    .
    LUxa /ia VoC Korfla BN BHflme aiy xapTHHy MUM o 6 pa3 MM c /ibiLume c /iOBa
    [ n03MTHBHaa KOTHUpHfl KJlMGHTa ], HaCKOJlbKO BepHbIMM KaxyTCH BaM 3TM
    c /ioBa no uxa /ie OT oflHoro AO ceMM, rAe eAMHMpa xaxeTcn coBepLuem-ion
    aoxbio , a ceMb — no/moPi npaBAoPi ?

    3 MOL|MM. KorAa BN BcnoMwnaeTe 06 3TOM xapTHHe M/IM o 6 pa 3 e M STMX CJIO -


    Bax [ HeraTMBHafi KomMpna KnMema ], xaxMe 3 MOLIMM BN ceMnac ncnbubi -
    Baeie ?

    IllKana SUDS. Ilo LUKane OT Hy/in AO Aecmn, HacKO /ibKO TpeBOXHbiM xa -


    xeTCfl 3TO OLAymeHne , rAe Hy/ib — BTO HePiTpanbHoe cocTonHMe wm oTcyT-
    cTBne dpecca, a Aecmb — caMbiPi cmibHbiPi cipecc , xoTopbiPi BN Moxeie
    ce 6 e npeACTaBUTb ?

    .
    flpuMenaHne flocne roro , KaK peiib onpepenena, BbincvihMTe araribi pe-
    ceHcu6MnM 3au,MM , MHCTafinnu, MM M CKaHupoBaHna rena. npopo / ixafiTe,
    BbinoiiHMB aw aranbi pna Bcex npotu / ibix pejieu , Texyipeii pem n mo6bix
    rpurrepoB, M 3aK0 Hanre wa6noHOM 6ypyipero noBepeHua pna npeopone -
    HM 60JIM MJ1M 6o/ ie3 HM .

    IlATTEPHbl nOCJIE/IOBATEJIbHOH AKTHBAIJHH


    M COMATHHECKHH PEIlATTEPHHHr
    BO BPEMfl ECEHCHBHJm 3AUMH
    Kax H Ha Bcex aianax
    ^
    EMDR-TepanHH, TejiecHaa oco3HaHHOcTb KaK
    ncHXOTepaneBTa, TaK H KjmeHTa noMoraeT HanpaBJiaTb 3Tan AeceHCH-
    6min3aiinH. IlcHxoTepaneBT Ha6 jiK>AaeT, ocTaeica JIH KjraeiiT opueHTH-
    poBaHHbiM H oco3HaiomHM CBoe .
    Tejio B xoAe npoBepoK MexAy cepnaMH
    npopeAypu BLS/ DAS K /raenTy npeflaaraiOT coo6mHTb o coMaTHnecKHX
    nepexHBaHHHx AHCTpecca, Hcnojib3ya niKajiy cySbeKTHBHbix CAHHHH AHC -
    Tpecca SUDS. KJIHCHTOB noompaioT onncbiBaTb JiK)6yio HeneTKOCTb, 3a-
    CTblBIHHe OmymeHHfl, OHeMeHHe HJIH HeBbIHOCHMbie OmymeHHH, KOTOpbie
    noMoryT noAo6paTb HOAXOAHIAHH TeMn ceccHH, HTO6BI He neperpy3HTb
    H He TpaBMnpoBaTb HX. IlcHxoTepaneBT Taxxe npaKTHKyeT nepeAOBaHne
    BHHMaHHH C Co6cTBeHHbIMH (f)H3HHeCKHMM OIUymeHHHMH, KaK o6cyXfla-
    jiocb B ynpaxHeHHH no TenecHOH 0C03HaHH0CTH pna ncnxoTepaneBTOB
    150 HacTb 2 GP ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    “ HaSjiio 6
    HaBbiKH ncHxoTepaneBTa ” , HTO BI yBejiHHHTb
    oco3Ha-
    ^ aTejibHbie

    HHe KJIHHHIJHCTOM COMaTHHeCKOTO pe30HaHCa HJIH KOHTpnepeHOCa.


    HejioBeK , nepe KHBaiomHH TpaBMaTHnecKoe co6 biTHe , HMeeT BpoacjjeH -
    ^
    Hbrn HMnyjibc 6opoTbCH HJIH 6e caTb OT onacHon cHTyauHH. ECJIH jjaTb eMy
    ^
    BOJIK), TO 4) H3HOJIOTHHeCKaH aKTHBaiJHH H B036y5KJjeHHe 6y#yT BBICBO6O -
    HcaaTbCH nepe3 pyKH H HOTH nocpejicTBOM TPHCKH HJIH JXPOJKH , njiaua, Kpn -
    Ka HJIH B03M 02KH0CTH H36aBHTbCH OT HenpHHTHbIX 3MOIJHH . OjJHaKO eCJIH
    nejiOBeK 3acTpflji B 3acTbiBineM COCTOHHHH y Kaca HJIH Bnaji B O6
    ^ MOPOK ,
    coMaTHnecKoe BbiCBo6o)KjieHHe 6yjjeT HapymeHO. JXpyrHMH cjiOBaMH, 4> H -
    3HOJiorHH He B03BpamaeTC5i K Hcxo/iHOMy ypOBHio. ECJIH HeT BO3MO >KHOCTH
    nepepa6oTaTb TpaBMaranecKoe co6biTHe BnocjiejiCTBHH, TO 6HOJiorHuecKHe
    nocjie CTBHH CTpecca H ncHxojiorrraecKOH TpaBMbi coxpaHmoTcn , HHorjja
    ^
    cnycTH MHOTO BpeMeHH nocjie TOTO, KaK co6 biTHH npoH30iHJiH.
    TepMHH “ nocjieziOBaTejibHoe BbiCBo6o)Kji;eHHe ” (sequencing) ninpo-
    KO Hcnojib3yeTcn B o6 jiacra TejiecHO-opHeHTHpOBaHHOH ncnxoTepanHH
    H HBjineTcn (J)yH,a;aMeHTajibHbiM acneKTOM TejiecHO- ncHxojiorHnecKOH
    ncnxoTepanHH [ Aposhyan, 2004, 2007] , ceHCOMOTopHOH ncnxoTepanHH
    [ Ogden et al, 2006] H nepe>KHBaHHH TejiecHoro onbiTa [ Levine, 1997].
    nocjiejjOBaTejibHoe BbiCBoOoacjjeHHe 03HanaeT jjBHJKeHHe nyBCTBa Hanpn -

    ^ceHHH, HanpaBJieHHoe H3HyTpn nepe3 KOHCHHOCTH. HanpHMep, KJIH -


    Tejia

    eHT MOJKeT coo6mHTb o nyBCTBe Hanpn^ceHHH B ^KHBOTC, KOTopoe nepeMe-


    maeTcn K rpyjui , nepepacTaeT B KOMOK B ropjie, Ha KopoTKoe BpeMH nponB-
    jmeTCH B BH jxe juicKOM( )opTa B rojioBe , a 3aTeM npoHBjraeTcn KaK omyTHMoe
    f
    nepejKHBaHHe ocBo6oacji;eHHH , HHor
    nocjiejiiOBaTejibHOH aKTHBauHH KjmeHTbi
    JiopMe
    ^a B nacTo
    ( 3. Ilocjie 3aBepmeHHH
    cjie

    coo6maiOT o cnoco6Hocra
    j bimaTb 6ojiee CBO6OJI;HO H uyBCTBe JICTKOCTH B Tejie.
    ^ CoMaTHuecKHH penarrepHHHr OTHOCHTCH K BbinojiHeHHio- nocjiejjoBa
    TeJIbHOCTeil J , B KOTOpbIX y KJIHeHTOB eCTb B03MO>KHOCTb HCnbl -
    ],BH )KeHHH

    TaTb yflOBjieTBopeHne OT nojiHoro nocjiejjoBaTejibHoro pa3peineHHH ncn -


    xojiorHuecKOH TpaBMbi B . Ba^cHo
    Tejie HCCJie OBaTb nocjiejjOBaTejibHoc
    JJBHJKCHHH B EMDR -TepanHH
    ^
    oco3HaHHO, HTO6H H36e2caTb
    MejyieHHO H
    neperpy3KH HJIH noTeHunajibHOH noBTopHoii TpaBMbi. HrnKe npHBOjiHT-
    cn cnncoK HeKOTopbix naTTepHOB j BH)KeHH$i, KOTopbie ncHxoTepaneBTbi
    *
    MoryT Ha6 jnoziiaTb BO BpeMn nepepa6oTKH HJIH Hcnojib30BaTb B KanecTBe
    nepenjieTeHHH jura 3acTpHBineH nepepa6oTKe, KaK noKa3aHO B onncaHHH
    BMemaTejibCTBa 18 “ IIocjiejjOBaTejibHoe BbicBo6o)Kji;eHHe H coMaTHnecKHH

    penaTTepHHHr BO BpeMH ji;eceHCH6HjiH3auHH ”.


    DiaBa 4 ncHXOTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa /urn noBbimeHHH TejiecHOH... 151

    IlaTTepHbi nocjieAOBaTejibHoro BbicBoSoacaeHHH


    H coMaTHHecKHH penaTTepHHHr

    • TojiKaHHe pyKaMH HJIH HoraMH BOCCTaHaBjiHBaeT rpaHHijbi HJIH nyB-


    CTBO 6e3onacHOCTH.

    • lIIaroBbie JX BHJKCHHH HoraMH H crynHHMH BOCCTaHaBjiHBaiOT noTpe6-


    HOCTb y6e>icaTb OT omymeHHH , HTO Bbi nonajin B jiOByniKy.
    • CMopmHBaHHe Jinua, BbinnHHBaHHe ry6, BbicoBbiBaHne H3biKa H nyB-
    CTBO TOIIIHOTbl HBJIHIOTCH paCnpOCTpaHeHHbIMH CnOCo6aMH BbICBo6o-
    yKjxemm OMOIJHH OTBpameHHH .

    • HanpnxeHHe B ropjie, KOTopoe CHHMaeTcn 3ByKOM HJIH CJIOBOM, nepe-


    CTpaHBaeT omymeHHe rojioca HJIH ero 3BynaHHe.

    • nporarHBaHHe, xBaTaHHe pyicaMH H npHTnrHBaHHe pyK o6paTHO


    K ce6e BOCCTaHaBjiHBaeT cnoco6 HOCTb nojiynaTb ncwjepacicy H ycTa -
    HaBJIHBaTb CBH3b.

    • IloAHHHeHHe Tejia rpaBHTaijHH H paccjia6 jieHHe Mbirnij 6e3 Kojuianca


    BOCCTaHaBjiHBaeT cnoco6HOCTb OT bixaTb B 6e3onacHOCTH.
    ^
    Macro 6o>K,a;eHHe H coMaTHnecKHH penaTTep-
    nocjieflOBaTejibHoe BbiCBo
    HHHr npoHexoAHT ecTecTBeHHbiM o6 pa30M BO BpeMH nepepa6oTKH. OjiHaKO
    TaKHe HenpoH3BOJibHbie BH ceHHH MoryT CMymaTb KJineHTa , oco6eHHO
    ^ ^
    Kor/ ja 3aMeTHa TpncKa HJIH jxpowih B pyxax HJIH Horax. Korjja nponcxo-
    JXWY nocjie/ioBaTejibHoe BbiCBo6ojK£eHHe, BaacHO pa3T>HCHHTb mmeHTy, HTO
    TAKHE JXBHaceHHH HBJIHIOTCH HOpMaJIbHbIMH H 3flOpOBbIMH. IIoompflHTe
    no3BOJiHTb ABHJKeHHHM npoHcxo HTb, He npenuTCTByn
    KJineHTOB
    HM . ripejyiojKHTe
    3THM
    6
    ^
    KJineHTaM npocTO noHa jnoji,aTb 3a HX omymeHHHMH.
    IlocjieAOBaTejibHoe BbiCBo6ojK,aeHHe TaKace MoaceT 6biTb o6 jiemeHo BO Bpe-
    nepepa6oTKH , Bbi3biBan TejiecHyio oco3HaHHOCTb KJineHTOB H no6y an
    MH
    HX cjieAOBaTb no6y^c,z]ieHH5iM K jxBuyKenmo . 3TO MoaceT 6biTb Heo6xo,zi;HMO,
    ^
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    LUar 2. BHeuiHee oco3HaHMe
    Tenepb n xony, HTo 6 bi Bbi HanpaBMJiM CBoe co3 H 3 HMe Ha Ka 6 MHeT.
    OcMOTpMTe Ka 6 MHeT M CKaxMTe MHe , HTO Bbi BMAMTe. KaKMe ABeTa , cjwrypbi
    158 Hacrb 2 < ? IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeuiaTejibCTBa

    MM npeflMeTbi Bbi 3 aMenaeTe B Ka 6 nHeTe ? HaiiAMTe MecTO B Ka 6 nHeTe


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    XOB , rriflAfl Ha 3TO MecTO . Tenepb nonpo 6yMTe Bbi 6 paTb K /noneBoe C /IOBO
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    pe30HnpyeT m 3TO C OLAyiu,eHMHMM B BaweM Te/ie ?

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    weM npoflo/ ixMTb .

    LUar 3. nepeicmoMemie
    Tenepb Mbi 6yAeM nepeK/nonaTbCfl MexAy [ icmoneBoe C /IOBO AJia TpeBox -
    HOTO OLAyLAeHMfl ] M [ K /noneBoe C/IOBO A-napecypca ], HaMHme
    BHeiuHero
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    6 bi Bbi
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    o 6 o 3HaHatoiAee BHeiiiHMM pecypc ], Coo 6iAme MHe , KorAa Bbi no /iHOCTbio
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    BMM BLS/DAS.
    flpuMenaHne. P,o6aBnaxne npopeaypy BLS/ DAS Tonbxo K BHeinnm pecyp -
    caM . floKa He Ao6ae/7»M7e npopenypy BLS/ DAS K oiuymeHHio 6ecnoxon-
    cTBa . flonpocMTe Kiwema BepHyrb co3 HaHMe K pecypcy, noBTopuB xiwne -
    Boe C /IOBO RiiB pecypcHoro COCTOBHHB. ECJIM npou 30 inna xonTaMnnapm
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    HHB H flHCCOpnaTMBHblX COCTOBHHH , TdXMX XaK COHJIMBOCTb MJW 3 aTyMaHeH -
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    BaTbCft B TpeBOXHOM omyiuenm, npncTyname x nepepa6orxe rpeBOXHoro
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    ^
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    3aMenaK) , HTO Tenepb Bbi Moxeie HeMHoro AO/ibwe cnpaBJiflTbca c My-


    MUTeJlbHblMM BHyTpeHHMMU OLAyLABHMflMH . flaBaMTe nOCMOTpMM , KaK Bbl
    pa 6 oiaeie c BocnoMMHaHneM , o KOTOPOM Mbi roBopmin paHee.

    ripuMenaHHe. llpMMeHMTe npoLieaypy BLS / DAS K rpesore, Mcnonb3yn


    craHAapTHbifi npoTOKo/ i 30-45- ceKyHflHbix cepm.

    TEJIECHAH 0C03HAHH 0CTB H HHTErPAUHH


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    3TOH rjiaBe uu uccuejiyeM nepepa6oTKy TpaBMaTHnecKHx co6bi-


    THH , KOTopbie npoH3onuiH B MJia eHnecTBe HAH paHHeM AeTCTBe
    B3pOCJIbIX KJIHeHTOB . HanOMHHM ,
    ^
    HTO BOCnOMHHaHHH paHHerO AeTCTBa
    xpaHHTCH B BHAG naTTepHOB, omymeHHH , a 4> 4> eKTHBHbix
    ^ BHraTejibHbix

    COCTOAHHH H ncHxo J H3HOJiorHHecKoro B036 y K eHHH. YcneniHoe - jiene

    HHe
    ( )
    ^ }

    TpaBM paHHero AeTCTBa Tpe6yeT yMeHHA pa6oTaTb


    ncHxojiorHnecKHx

    C HaCTAMH AHHHOCTH H COCTOHHHAMH 3rO KAHCHTa. Bo MHOHiX CJiyHaHX


    eme TOJIBKO HanHHaiomHe onpeAejieHHe uejieft , AOAACHBI
    ncHxoTepaneBTbi ,
    qyBCTBOBaTb ce6n KOM (J> OPTHO, npoBO H EMDR -TepanHio c omymeHHH -
    ^
    MH HeH3BeCTHOrO npOHCXO C eHHH HJIH HCTOpHHMH , KOTOpbie KJIHeHTaM
    ^^
    paccKa3biBajiHo CBoeM paHHeM AeTCTBe. HTo6bi pa6oiaTb c STHMH AOBep-
    6aJIbHbIMH BOCnOMHHaHHHMH , nCHXOTepaneBTbl AOJDKHbl nOMOHb KJIHeH-
    ( ) H3HHeCKHM OmymeHHflM , CBH3aHHbIM C 3THMH
    TaM nOJiyHHTb AOCTyn K|
    paHHHMH Me KJiHHHocTHbiMH
    ^ o6 MeHaMH. 3TOT CHHTe3 EMDR -TepanHH
    H TejiecHo -opHeHTHpoBaHHoft ncHXOTepanHH npe J
    JiaraeT 3(})( )eKTHBHbiH
    ^nocTTpaBMaTHnecKoro
    nojxxojx K jieneHHK) CHMHTOMOB KOMnjieKCHoro

    CTpeCCOBOrO paCCTpOHCTBa H TpaBMbI npHBH3aHHOCTH. KOMnjieKCHOe


    nocTTpaBMaTHnecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTpoftcTBO B03HHicaeT pe3yjibTaTe
    B
    03/i;eHCTBHH TpaBMaTHnecKoro CTpecca ,
    ^B OTJiHHHe OT BKJiaccHHecKHx
    jiHTejibHoro ncHxojiorHHecicoro

    CHMnTOMOB nocirpaBMaTHHecKoro CTpecca ,


    B03HHKaioinHx B pe3yjibTaTe OAHoro ncHXOAonmecKoro TpaBMaTHnecKO-
    ro HHUHAeHTa. HacTO ncHxojiorHHecKan TpaBMa B03HHKaeT B yn3BHMbie
    nepnoAbi pa3BHTHH , TaKHe KaK paHHee ACTCTBO HAH noApocTKOBbin B03-
    pacT, H, KaK npaBHjio, HOCHT MeACAHHHOCTHbiH xapaKTep. HanpHMep ,
    pe6eHOK Mor nocTOHHHO ncnbiTbiBaTb npeHe6peAceHHe no OTHomeHHio
    K ce6e, AcecTOKoe o6 pameHHe HAH HacHAHe B ceMbe , B KOTOPOH poc. TeM
    DiaBa 5 JS? KoMnjieKCHoe nocrrpaBMaTMHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTpoficTBO... 165

    He MeHee , BaacHO noMHHTb, HTO xpoHHHecKan ncHxojiorHHecicaH TpaBMa


    Taioice Mo ceT
    ^ 6biTb Bbi3BaHa npoAOJDKaiomHMHCH H3AeBaTejibCTBaMH
    6e3 B03M 0ACH 0CTH 3amHIAaTbCH , HaJIHHHeM CKpbITOH HJIH HenpH3HaHHOH
    HHBaJIHAHOCTH HJIH 6e3HaKa3aHHOH AHCKpHMHHaUHH. IIpH BCeX (J)OpMaX
    KOMnjieKCHoro nocrrpaBMaTHHecKoro CTpeccoBoro paccTponcTBa ncn -
    xojiorHHecKan TpaBMa HOCHT AJiHTejibHbiH H KyMyjmTHBHbiH xapaKTep.
    ECJIH TpaBMaTHHecKHe HHUHACHTM npoH3onuiH B AGTCTBC, TO 3TH paHHHe
    nepeXCHBaHHH HMeiOT nOCJieACTBHH AJIH KOTHHTHBHOrO , 3MOH, HOHaJIbHOrO
    H 4> H3HHeCKOrO pa3BHTHH H C 6oJIbIIieH BepOHTHOCTblO BJIHHIOT Ha JIHH -
    HOCTb KJIHeHTa.
    TpaBMa npHBH3aHHOCTH —
    3TO THn KOMnjieKCHoro nocTTpaBMaTHne -
    CKOTO CTpeccoBoro paccTpoiicTBa , KOTopbiH cneuHcJmHeH AJIH BO3ACH -
    CTBHH noBTopniomHxcH naTTepHOB HenpeACKa3yeMOCTH , npeHebpeaceHHH
    HJIH acecTOKoro o6pameHHH B MjiaACHnecTBe H paHHeM AeTCTBe. TpaBMbi
    npHBH3aHHOCTH noApa3AejraiOTCH Ha HeHaAeacHyio aM6 HBajieHTHyio, He -
    HaAe^CHyio H36eraiomyK) H Ae3opraHH30BaHHyio npHBH3aHHOCTb [ Main &
    Cassidy , 1988]. A( j)(J)eKTHBHaH HeBpojiorHH H HCCJieAOBaHHH AOKTOpa
    AjiJiaHa LQopa [Schore , 2001b] npeAnojiaraiOT, HTO ica >KAbiH H3 3THX CTHjien
    npHBH3aHHOCTH HMeeT nCHXO(J) H3HOJIOrHHeCKyK) XapaKTepHCTHKy, KOTOpafl
    npOHBJIHeTCH AOMHHHpyiOLUHM COCTOHHHeM BereTaTHBHOH HepBHOH CHCTe -
    Mbi. PaccMOTpHM HX noApobHee.
    • HeHaAe^cHaa aM6HBajieHTHaa npHBH3aHHOCTb. 3TOT CTHJib npHBH -
    3aHHOCTH pa3BHBaeTCH , KorAa onexyH AOCTyneH HenocTOHHHO. HHO-
    rAa onenyH MOACCT 6biTb npoHHaaTejibHbiM H OT3biBHHBbiM, a HHorAa
    npe3MepH0 peaKTHBHbiM HJIH HaBH3HHBbiM. B pe3yjibTaTe y pebeHKa
    pa3BHBaeTCH nyBCTBO becnoKOHCTBa H HeyBepeHHOCTH B TOM , MOJKHO
    JIH AOBepHTb onexyHy. KorAa pebeHOK craHOBHTCH B3pocjibiM , 3TO nyB-
    CTBO He3amHiij,eHHOCTH H HeyBepeHHOCTH pacnpocTpaHneTCH Ha 6ojiee
    HIHpOKHH COUHaJIbHblH MHp. TaKOH B3pOCJIbIH MOACeT CTaTb Hpe3MepHO
    3aBHCHMbIM OT APyrHX, HO npH 3TOM He HMeTb B03M0ACH0CTH HyBCTBO -
    BaTb ce6n yAOBjieTBopeHHbiM HAH cnoKoimbiM B oTHomeHHHx. B 3TOM
    COCTOHHHH AOMHHHpyiOmeH CHHTaeTCH CHMnaTHHeCKaH HepBHaH CH -
    CTeMa, HTO npHBOAHT K TOMy, HTO nejiOBeic 6ojiee 3M0UH0HajibH0 pea-
    THpyeT Ha CHTyaiJHH H CKJIOHeH K HyBCTBy OTTOpACeHHH B OTHOHieHHHX.
    Cnreji [ Siegel, 2011] CHHTaeT, HTO OKOJIO 10-15% HacejieHHH HMCIOT
    HeHaAeACHblH aMbHBaJieHTHblH CTHJIb npHBH3aHHOCTH.
    166 Hacn> 2 & IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeuiaTejibCTBa

    • HeHafleacHaa H36eraK> man npHBH3aHH0CTb. 3TOT cm/ib npHBH3aH-


    pa3BHBaeTC5i , Kor a oneKyH 3M0ijH0HajibH0 HeflocryneH , He OT -
    HOCTH
    ^
    BenaeT H OTBepraeT pe6eHKa. TaKoft pe6eHOK a anrapyeTcn , H36eraH
    ^
    6JIH30CTH H BMOuHOHajibHOH CBH3H c oneicyHOM. HeyBepeHHbie B ce6e
    H36eraioHiiHe B3pocjibie, KaK npaBHjio, coxpaHHioT j HCTaHiiHio B OT-
    HomeHHHx , 3MOi |
    ^
    HOHajibHO OTCTpaHHiOTCH HJIH npe3MepHO nojiara -

    IOTCH Ha ce6n. OHH MoryT npeHe6pe)KHTejibH0 OTHOCHTBCH K £ pyrHM


    H HCnbITbIBaTb TpyjJHOCTH npH COXpaHeHHH 6JTH30CTH B OTHOHieHHHX.
    y HeyBepeHHoro B ce6e H36eraiomero nejiOBeKa £OMHHHpyeT jiop-
    cajibHan 6 jiy 2C£aiomaH napacHMnaTHHecKaa HepBHan cncTeMa , nojia -

    BJIHH Me CJIHHHOCTHyiO H HHTepaKTHBHyiO peryjIHUHK). no flaHHblM


    ^
    Cnrejia [ Siegel , 2011] , OKOJIO 20% HacejieHHH HMem HeHaAeacHbift
    H 36eraiOmHH CTHJIb npHBH3aHHOCTH.
    • /I,e30praHH30BaHHaH IIpHBH3aHHOCTb , HJIH npHBH3aHHOCTb THna D .
    3TOT CTHJIB npHBH3aHHOCTH CBH3aH c Henpezi;cKa3yeMbiMH onexyHa-
    MH , HanpHMep, B cjiynanx jKecTOKoro o6pameHHH H paHHeft ncnxo -
    jiornHecKOH TpaBMbi . noBe eHHe oneKyHOB noAaBjunomee , xaoTHH -
    ^
    Hoe H HBjineTCH HCTOHHHKOM /i;e30 pHeHTaHHH HJIH y>Kaca. Bee JXETH
    6HOJiorHHecKH 3anporpaMMHpoBaHbi HCKaTb 6JIH30CTH C oneKyHOM
    B CTpeccoBbix CHTyauHHx. OziHaKO B 3TOM cjiynae oneKyH caM HB -
    jineTCH HCTOHHHKOM y>Kaca. 3Ta CHTyaiiHH npHBO/ jHT K noHBjieHHio
    JJBOHCTBeHHOH CBH3H HJIH 6e3bICXOflHOMy CTpaxy, nOTOMy HTO 3TO
    OTJieMMa, KOTopyio pe6eHOK He MOJKCT peniHTb. Bo B3pocjiOM BO3-
    pacTe TaKHe B3pocjibie, KaK npaBHjio , ycTaHaBJiHBaiOT CBH3H JJBOH -
    cTBeHHoro xapaKTepa , ojiHOBpeMeHHo acejian 6 biTb PHJIOM c napTHe -
    poM H / jepacaTb ero Ha paccTOHHHH. 3TH JIIOOT CKJIOHHBI nojiaraTbcn
    Ha HMnyjibCHBHoe HJIH arpeccHBHoe noBe eHHe , HTO6M cnpaBHTbcn
    ^
    C HenpHHTHbIMH SMOIJHflMH. OTHOHieHHH MOTyT BOCnpOH3BOZi;HTb
    jKecTOKoe o6 pameHHe , Korzia OHH JIH 6 O CTaHOBHTCH oSn HHKaMH ,
    ^
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    3HaKOMbIM. POAHTeJIH C Hepa3peHieHHOH TpaBMOH npHBH 3aHHOCTH
    c BbicoKOH BepoHTHOCTbio OTbirpbiBaiOT noBejieime , KOTopoe nyra-
    eT HX ReTew . Y #e3opraHH30 BaHHoro nejiOBeKa TaKace ziOMHHHpyeT
    ZiopcajibHan 6 jiy)K,aaiomafl napacHMnaTHHecKan HepBHan cncTeMa.
    OjiHaKO , KaK noKa3biBaeT Ham onbiT, HecTa6 HjibHbie BcnjiecKH CHM -
    naTHHeCKOH aKTHBHOCTH MOryT nOJiaBJIHTb KJIHeHTOB , npHBOJIH HX
    DiaBa 5 G? KoMiuieKCHoe nocnpaBMaTHHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccrpoHCTBO... 167

    K AajibHeHineMy 3aMbiKaHHio B ce6e. Cnreji [ Siegel, 2011] yTBepacAa -


    eT, HTO 5-15% HacejieHHH HMCIOT HeopraHH30BaHHbiii CTHJIB npHBH -
    3aHHOCTH.

    CorjiacHO CTaracTHKe [Siegel, 2011] , OT 35 % AO 50 % HacejieHHH HMCIOT

    KAKYIO- JIIiOo TpaBMy npHBH3aHHOCTH. CTHJIH npHBH3aHHOCTH M02KH0 pac-


    cMaTpHBaTb KaK CTpaTernH , KOTopbie MjiaAeHUbi H ACTH Bbipa6aTbiBaiOT,
    6 a
    HTO BI anTHpoBaTbCH H BBI CHTB B ceMeiiHOH cpe e. MaTepn , poAHBnme
    ^ ^ ^
    BnepBbie npoxoAAT nepe3 orpoMHyio peopraHH3au; HK HAeHTHHHOCTH ,
    , )

    KOTopan Mo ceT omymaTbCH KaK KpH3HC H3-3a Heo6 paTHMoro xapaKTepa


    ^
    nepexo a [ Bailey, 1999, 2001; Walzer, 1995]. 3TOT npouecc MOJKCT npHBe-
    ^
    CTH K TOMy, HTO MaTepH CTaHOBHTCH 3M0 U, H0HaJIbH 0 yH3BHMbIMH H CKJIOH -
    HBIMH K nocjiepoAOBOH AenpeccHH HJIH TpeBoacHOcra. KpoMe Toro, JXETH
    MoryT BcnoMHHTb HepemeHHbie npo6 jieMbi poAHTejieii H3 CBoero A TCTBa
    ^
    H HCTOpHH npHBH3aHHOCTH. HanpHMep , MaTb, KOTOpaH paccTpaHBaeTCH
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    ^
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    He MoaceT BbiHecTH nenajm CBoero pe6eHKa , noTOMy HTO B AeTCTBe OH HH -
    KOIAA He Mor Bbipa3HTb CBOH nyBCTBa O6HAM. 3TH npHMepbi AeMOHCTpn -
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    AaHH TpaBM npHBH3aHHOCTH OT OJXHOTO nOKOJieHHH K ApyrOMy. riOMHHTe,
    HTO H eajibHbix poAHTejieii He 6 breaeT, H Aa>Ke HaAeacHan npHBH3aHHOCTb
    ^
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    ^
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    H HAeajibHoro ncHxoTepaneBTa. BbmaeT CJIOACHO AOCTHHB B3aHMonoHHMaHHn
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    ^ ^
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    KaK jiHHHbie, Hepa3pemeHHbie TpaBMbi npHBH3aHHOCTH MoryT cnoco6cTBO-
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    BCe 3TO MO ceT nOMe -
    ^
    rnaTb ncHxoTepaneBTHnecKOMy npoijeccy B 3THX cjiynanx ncnxoTepaneBTaM
    168 HacTb 2 GP ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeinaTejibCTBa

    Hy KHO
    ^ 6yAeT nopa6oTaTb c KompnepeHocoM H coxpaHHTb cocTpa,aaHHe
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    AeBH3 “ UejiHTejib,HcijejiH ce6n caM ” cjiyacHT BaacHOH OCHOBOH jyiH 3a6oTbi


    o ce6e n 3a6oTbi, KOTopyio ncnxoTepaneBTbi 0Ka3biBaK)T KJineHTaM.

    CfflVfflTOMbl KOMIUIEKCHOrO
    nOCTTPABMATHHECKOrO CTPECCOBOrO
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    ^eTcxon-
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    ^ ^
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    Bbi3BaHHyio con; HajibHOH
    ^
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    SMOijHOHajibHoe CTpa aHHe npnBO HT K cymjnflajib-
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    HeKOTopbie KJineHTbi MoryT HMCTB Bbicoxyio nyBCTBHTejibHOCTb K OTCJiejKH-


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    ^
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    ^ ^
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    ^ ^^^
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    BMEIIIATEJIbCTBA nPH KOMIIJIEKCHOM


    nOCTTPABMATHHECKOM CTPECCOBOM
    PACCTPOHCTBE H TPABME IIPMB5I 3AHHOCTH
    Uejib jieneHHH KOMnjieKCHoro nocTTpaBMaTHnecxoro CTpeccoBoro
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    H TpaBMbi npHBH3aHHOCTH COCTOHT B TOM , HTo bI nOMOHb
    DiaBa 5 & KoMiuieKCHoe nocnpaBMaTHHecKoe crpeccoBoe paccTponcTBO... 169

    KJiHeHTaM ( ) H3HHecKoe omymeHHe ce6 n , KOTopoe noMoraeT c co-


    pa3BHTb|
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    >KHBaHHH C COCTOHHHHMH 3TO HJIH HaCTHMH JIHHHOCTH, KOTOpbie COAepJKaT


    HMnjiHAHTHbie BOcnoMHHaHHH o paHHeH TpaBMe. Bojiee TOTO , ncnxoTe -

    paneBTHnecKHe OTHOineHHH noAnepKHBaiOTCH KaK pecypc, cocpeAOToneH -


    Hbiii Ha TeKymeM MOMeHTe, KOTopbiii noAroTaBJiHBaeT KjraeHTa K nepepa-
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    CKOH peryjinuHH , nocKOJibKy KJineHTbi c paHHeH TpaBMOH npHBH3aHHOCTH
    noABepraiOTCH 6ojibineMy pncKy AHCCOijHaTHBHbix CHMOTOMOB. 3,aecb jxe -
    jiaeTcn aKueHT Ha pejunjHOHHbix , ceHcopHbix H ABHraTejibHbix B3aHMOC -
    BH3HX , HTo6 bI nOMOHb KJiHeHTaM OCTaBaTbCH B paMKaX HX TepnHMOCTH BO
    BpeMH nepepa6oTKH. 3aKJiiOHHTejibHbie 3Tanbi jieneHHH noMoraiOT HHTe -
    rpnpoBaTb no3HTHBHbie H3MeHeHHH B HbmeniHee omymeHHe ce6n B MHpe.
    170 HacTb 2 & llcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeniaTejibCTBa

    CBOP AHAMHE3A IIPH KOMITJIEKCHOM


    nOCTTPABMATHHECKOM CTPECCOBOM
    PACCTPOHCTBE H TPABME nPHBH 3AHHOCTH
    3Tan c6opa aHaMHe3a noMoraeT ncHxoTepaneBTaM pa3pa6oTaTb KOH -
    uenTyajiH3aiiHK) cjiynaeB, CBA3aHHbix c AeTCKOH TpaBMoft H TpaBMaMH npn -
    BH3aHHOCTH , nyTeM H3yHeHHH B03M0ACHBIX IjeJieH , CBA3aHHbIX C CaMbIMH
    paHHHMH ( )a3aMH pa3BHTHH. BHHMaHHe K HeBep6aJIbHbIM KOMMyHHKaiJHflM
    J
    KJIHeHTa , TaKHM KaK 3pHTeJIbHbIH KOHTaKT, n03a Tejia H TOH TOJIOCa , nOMO -
    raeT OTCAeACHBaTb H3MeHeHHA COCTOHHHA K/raeHTa OT MOMema K MOMeHTy.
    3TO MOACCT no6yAHTb ncnxoTepaneBTa 3aMe JiHTb TeMn ceccHH, ecjiH KAH -
    ^
    eHT cTaHOBHTCH neperpyAceHHbiM. IIcHxoTepaneBTaM, BO3MOACHO , npHAeT -
    CA COCpeAOTOHHTbCA Ha TOM , HTo6bI nOMOHb KJIHeHTy COXpaHHTb CBA3b CO
    CBOHM TeJIOM H 3MOIJHAMH . TmaTCJIbHaH HaCTpOHKa Ha ( j) H3HHeCKHX omy-
    meHHHx -
    Ha STOM 3Tane MOACCT BbiABHTb cTpax KJIHeHTa nepeA npHBA3aHHO
    CTbio K ncHxoTepaneBTy HJIH nOMOHb ncHXOTepaneBTy oco3HaTb BOcnpoH3-
    BeAeHHe OTHomeHHH.
    K/iaccHHecKan HCHXOAOTHA , HanpHMep TeopHA ncHxoceKcyajibHoro pa3-
    BHTHA no OpeHAy H TeopHA nCHXOCOAHaJIbHOTO pa3BHTHH no SpHKCOHy,
    AaBHO npH3Hajia, HTO pa3BHTHe nponcxoAHT noaTanHo. HcTopHnecKH CJIO-
    ACHAOCB TaK , HTO TeAecHO-opneHTHpoBaHHaA ncHxoTepanHH TaKAce pac-
    no3HaeT yAepACHBaiomHe naTTepHbi HanpAAceHHA HJIH KOJiJianca B Tejie ,

    KOTOpbie ABAAIOTCA OCTaTKaMH TpaBM Ha 3THX CTaAHAX pa3BHTHA. 3TH CO ~


    MaTHHeCKHe naTTepHbi CBA3aHbI C paHHHMH y6e , yCBOeHHbIMH
    }KAeHHHMH

    B AeTCTBe. AA HaniHX nejiePi MH pa3JiHHaeM Tpn CTBAHH pa3BHTHA paHHe -


    ^
    ro ACTCTBa: npeHaTajibHO- nepHHaTajibHyio, MJiaAeHHecTBO H 3aBHCHMOCTb,
    a TaKAce He3aBHCHMOCTb Ha 3Tane ycTaHOBJieHHH OTHomeHHH. PaccMOTpHM
    HeKOTopbie o6mHe uejm , coMaTHnecKHe naTTepHbi H y6eACAeHHA , KOTopbie
    MOryT 6 bITb CBH3aHbI C KaJKAbIM H3 3THX 3TanOB.

    • IIpeHaTajibHO-nepHHaTajibHaH CTaAHH. Bo BpeMA 6epeMeHH0CTH


    pa3BHBaK) IAHHCH pe6eHOK AOJDKeH HyBCTBOBaTb 6e30 naCH0CTb H 3a-
    iAHTy. 3HanHTeAbHbie yrpo3bi 3TOH 6e3onacHOCTH B03HHKai0T, ecAH
    MaTb ACHBCT B He 6e3onacHOH cpeAe, ynoTpe6AAeT HapKOTHKH HAH
    aAKoroAb , He MOACCT noAyHHTb aACKBaTHyio noAACpACKy, TaKyio KaK
    nHTaHHe H MeAHAHHCKoe o6cAyACHBaHHe, HAH ecAH 6epeMeHHOCTb
    HeAceAaTeAbHa. TaKAce BaACHO on;eHHTb HaAHHHe ocAOACHeHHH BO Bpe -
    MA POAOB, BKAIOHan HHBa3HBHOe HAH HeACeAaTeAbHOe MeAHAHHCKOe
    DiaBa 5 KoMnjieKCHoe nocTTpaBManiHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTpoiicTBO... 171

    BMemaTejibCTBO . KpoMe Toro, MjiaAeHeij noABepraeTcn 6ojibineMy pn -


    CKy, ecjiHy MaTepn ecTb co6cTBeHHan Hepa3pemeHHan ncnxojiOTHHe-
    CKan TpaBMa. C TOHKH 3peHHH TejiecHO- opHeHTHpoBaHHOH ncnxoTepa -
    nnH , Kor a Ha OTOH CTaAHH pa3BHTHH npoHexo HT ncHxojiorHHecKan
    ^ ^
    TpaBMa , y KJIHeHTOB MO)KeT npOHBJIHTbCH TeHAeHIJHH K AHCCOUHaiJHH
    H OTCyTCTBHK) CBH3H C TeJIOM. 3HepTHH HeJIOBeKa MO»:eT 6 bITb 3aMO-
    po^ceHa BHyTpH Tejia, coxpaHnn HanpnaceHHe B cycTaBax H Mbimuax,
    6yATO CKOBbiBan nejiOBeKa. 06biHHO OTOTO KjineHTa THTOTHT o6mee
    HyBCTBO He OBepHH HJIH HenpHHaCTHOCTH K MHpy.
    ^
    • CTa HH MJiaAeHnecTBa H 3aBHCHMocra . Pa3BHBaiomHiicH MjiaAeHeu
    B
    ^
    nepBbiii TOA 2CH3HH nojiHocTbio 3aBHCHT OT OCHOBHOTO oneKyHa,
    6
    O BIHHO OT MaTepn , B Bonpocax BocnuTaHHH H 3a oTbi. 6 3TH paHHHe
    nepe^cHBaHHH no3BOJiniOT MJiaAeHijy noHHTb, HTO MHP 3acjiyacHBaeT
    AOBepHH H HaAe CeH. Yrp03bl, KOTOpbie MOryT B03HHKHyTb Ha 3TOM 3Ta -
    ^
    ne pa3BHTHH , BKJnonaiOT OTKa3 co CTOpOHbi OCHOBHOTO oneKyHa, JXJm -
    TejibHyio pa3JiyKy c OCHOBHBIM oneKyHOM, cepbe3Hbie npo6 jieMbi co
    3AopoBbeM HJIH npo cHBaHHe B He6e3onacHofi HJIH yipoacaiomeii cpeAe.
    ^
    KpoMe TOTO, BaacHO onpeAejiHTb, 6biJia JIH y MaTepn nocjiepoAOBan jxe -
    npeccHH , npoH3onuia JIH B STO BpeMH CMepTb B ceMbe HJIH KaKHe- jm6o
    Apyrne CO6BITHH , KOTOpbie MemajiH MaTepn o6HHMaTb, Aep caTb Ha py-
    ^
    Kax, KopMHTb pe6eHKa H 3a6oTHTbcn o HeM. ECJIH onexyH CJIHIHKOM
    CTpor, KOpMHT pe6eHKa CTporo no pacnncaHHio HJIH CKyn Ha jiacKH ,
    TO MjiaAeHnaM MO ceT
    ^ 6biTb TpyAHO ycTaHOBHTb CBH3H C ecTecTBeH-
    HblMH ( )H3HHeCKHMH OmymeHHHMH. C TOHKH 3pe-
    pHTMaMH H CBOHMH|
    HHH TejiecHO-opneHTHpoBaHHOH ncHxoTepanHH, KOTAa Ha STOM 3Tane
    pa3BHTHH npOHCXOAHT nCHXOJIOTHHeCKaH TpaBMa, y KJIHeHTOB MOJKeT
    Ha6 jnoAaTbcn KOJiJiancBepxHeii nacTH rpyAHOH KJICTKH H njien , oTcyT-
    CTBHe nOAAep KKH Hepe3 n03B0H0HHHK H CKOBaHHOCTb B pyKax HJIH HO-
    ^
    rax. KjineHTbi, nepeHecume TpaBMy B MjiaAeHHecTBe, MoryT coo6maTb
    O HyBCTBe 6ecnOMOIAHOCTH HJIH OTBep)KeHHOCTH. OHH MoryT HMeTb
    oniH6oHHbie y6eacAeHHH , HTO OHH HeAOCTOHHbi noAAcp KKH HJIH HTO HX
    ^
    noTpe6HocTH HHKOTAB He 6yAyT yAOBjieTBopeHbi.

    • He3aBHCHMOCTb Ha aiane yciaHOBjieHHH OTHOuieHHH . IIo Mepe TOTO,


    KaK Majibim yHHTcn XOAHTB H CTaHOBHTcn noABH CHee, B03HHKaeT HO-
    ^
    BBIH Ha6op noTpe6HocTen , cBH3aHHbix co CBoeBOJineM, aBTOHOMHefi
    H yCTOHHHBOH CBH3BIO. 3TOT 3Tan HaHHHaeTCH npHMepHO B B03paCTe
    OT 18 MecnueB AO AByx jieT. Y STOTO MajieHbKoro pe6eHKa ecTb 6a30 Ban
    172 HacTb 2 IlcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeniaTejibCTBa

    noTpe6HOCTb B TOM , HTO6 BI ero paccMaTpHBajiH KaK oraejibHoe H , He


    po HJIH oneKyHaMH.
    onacancb noTepnTb nyBCTBO CBH3H C
    ^ HTejuiMH

    CymecTByeT rjiy6oKan noTpe6HocTb 3HaTb, HTO MO^CHO 6biTb CO6OH .


    Hccjiezjyn MHp , pe6eHOK jxojiyKen nyBCTBOBaTb ce6n 3amHmeHHbiM , HO
    He npe3MepHO oneKaeMbiM HJIH orpaHHHeHHbiM. OneKyHbi noMoraiOT
    pe6eHKy pacno3HaBaTb nyBCTBa H omymeHHH H HanpaBjunoT 3flopo-
    Boe Bbipa ceHHe noTpe6HocreH. 3HanHTejibHbie yrpo3bi Ha STOM 3Tane
    ^
    pa3BHTHH BKjnonaiOT jiio6oe ^cecTOKoe o6pain;eHHe HJIH npeHe6pe>Ke-
    HHe, CTbi ; pe6eHKa 3a npHyneHHe K TyajieTy HJIH xpoHHHecKyio 6opb-
    ^
    6y 3a BjiacTb. /JonojiHHTejibHbie npo6 jieMbi B03HHKai0T, ecjiH jno6oBb
    3aBHCHT OT eiicTBHH pe6eHKa , ero rpaHHijbi nocTOHHHO HapymaiOTCH
    ^
    HJIH po HTejib He yHHTbiBaeT B nojiHOH Mepe HJIH BOBce HrHopnpyeT
    ^
    noTpe6HOCTH pe6eHKa. HeKOTopbix eTen npe3MepHo o6eperaiOT. HM
    ^
    He n 03B0JIHI0T pa3BHTb He3aBHCHMOe HyBCTBO Co6cTBeHHOrO ftOCTO-
    HHCTBa , B TO BpeMH KaK OT ZipyrHX Zi;eTeH 02CH£ai0T, HTO OHH CJIHIHKOM
    6bicTpo CTaHyT caMOCTOHTejibHbiMH. C TOHKH 3peHHH TejiecHO-opneH -
    THpoBaHHoft ncHxoTepanHH , ecjiH Ha STOM 3Tane pa3BHTHH nponcxo-
    # HT ncHxojiorHHecKan TpaBMa, y KJIHOHTOB MO>KeT Ha6 jno£aTbCH pac-
    menjieHHe ueyKjxy BepxHen H HHJKHen nojiOBHHaMH Tejia. HanpnMep ,
    y nejiOBeKa MO^EceT coxpaHHTbcn Hanp^DKeHHe B BepxHen nacra Tejia
    npn HeziocTaTKe TOHyca B HHJKHen nacTH Tejia. HJIH nejiOBeK MOJKCT
    6biTb paccjia6 jieHHbiM B BepxHen nacTH Tejia H coxpaHHTb Hanpn ^ce-
    HHe B o6 jiac Ta3a , crnSaTejieH 6e# pa H KTORIUJ, . OSHHHO TaKOH ne-
    jiOBeK nyBCTByeT CTpax 6biTb norjiomeHHbiM HJIH yBepeH , HTO jno6oBb

    3aBHCHT OT ero noBeziieHHH .


    CjieAyiomHH cnncoK noMoraeT ncnxoTepaneBTaM onpe B03M 05K -
    ejiHTb

    6
    Hbie ijejrn AOBep ajibHOH HJIH HeBep ajibHOH6
    ^
    EMDR -TepanHH, pa3pa6o-
    TaTb KOHii;enij;Hio KJiHHHHecKoro cjiynan H
    ccJiopMHpoBaTb njiaH JieneHHH ,
    CBH3aHHbIH C 3THMH TpeMH 3TanaMH pa3BHTHH.

    3ianw onpeaejieHHH noTeHU,HajibHbix liejieti


    npeHamajibHO -nepuHamajibHOH cmadua
    • KjiHeHT HBjineTCH pe3yjibTaTOM He^cejiaTejibHOH 6epeMeHHOCTH.
    • MaTb KJineHTKH no^Beprajiacb cjiOBecHOMy HJIH J H3HHecKOMy Hacn -
    ()

    JIHK) BO BpeMH 6epeMeHHOCTH.


    DiaBa 5
    ^ KoMnjieKCHoe nocTTpaBMaTH ecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccrpoHCTBO...
    ^ 173

    • MaTb KJiHeHTa ynoTpe6 juuia HapKOTHKH HJIH ajiKorojib BO BpeMH 6e-


    peMeHHOCTH.

    • MaTb KJiHeHTKH He nojiynajia MCAHUMHCKOH noMomH BO BpeMH 6epe-


    MeHHOCTH .

    • PoAHTejiH KJiHeHTa nepe^cHJiH noTepio OTHomeHHH BO BpeMH 6epe-


    MeHHOCTH MaTepn , Tanyio KaK pa3 jiyKa, pa3BOA, 6o;ie3Hb HJIH cMepTb
    B ceMbe.

    • MaTb KJiHeHTKH CTpajjajia AenpeccHeft BO BpeMH 6epeMeHHOCTH.


    • y MaTepn KJiHeHTa 6MJIH npo6 co 3/ jopOBbeM BO BpeMH 6epe-
    jieMbi

    MeHHOCTH.

    • KjineHT 6MJI HeAOHomeHHbiM.


    • B npouecce POAOB 6 OCJIO^KHCHHH.
    bijin

    • Bo BpeMfl POAOB KJiHeHTKH MecTO HMejiH HeacejiaTejibHbie HJIH HHBa -


    3HBHbie Me HUHHCKHe BMeniaTejibCTBa .
    ^
    • KjineHT npoBeji BpeMH B HHKy6aTope B MjiaAeHnecTBe.

    • y KJiHeHTa ecTb npo6 jieMbi HJIH npo6 jieMbi, CBH3aHHbie c ycbiHOBjie-


    HHeM .
    " BMJIH 4>aKTopbi CTpecca, CBH3aHHbie c nojiOM, HanpHMep, poAHTejm
    xoTejiH MajibHHKa , HO poAHjiacb jjeBOHKa.
    •y MaTepn KJiHeHTa 6bijio Hepa3pemeHHoe nocTTpaBMaTHHecKoe
    CTpeccoBoe paCCTpOHCTBO.

    OcHOBHaa noTpe6HOCTb. Be3onacHO cymecTBOBaTb.


    CoMaTHMecKHH narrepH. 3acTbiBinee mpo , HanpflaceHHe B cycTaBax
    H Mbimuax, CKOBaHHOCTb.

    Bo3MOHCHbie HeraTHBHbie KOTHHUMH. H He Mory AOBepnTb MHpy” , “H He


    npHHaAJiejKy HHKOMy ” , “ H He AOJDKCH cymecTBOBaTb ” , HHKOMy He HyaceH ”.

    Cmadun MJiadenuecmea u 3aeucuMocmu


    • KjineHT 6biJi OTBeprHyT B MjiaAeHnecTBe cpa3y nocjie pojKAeHHH.

    • K/ineHT nepejKHji /i jiHTejibHyio pa3JiyKy c MaTepbio


    , nocjie pojKAeHHH.

    • PoAHTejiH KJiHeHTa onjiaKHBajiH CMepTb, KOTopan npoH3omjia BO Bpe-


    MH pOJKAeHHH KJiHeHTa.
    174 HacTb 2 IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    • y MaTepw HJIH KJineHTa B MjiaAeHnecTBe 6BIJIH Me/ jHiuiHCKHe ocjioac -


    HeHHH .

    • MaTb KJineHTa CTpa^ nocjiepozjOBOH ^enpeccHeft.


    ajia

    • B ^eHnecTBe RJIHCHT
    Mjia c npeHe6pe^ceHHeM
    crajiKHBajicn HJIH ytze -
    CTOKHM o6pam;eHHeM.
    • KjmeHT 6BIJI OTBeprayT MaTepbio HJIH OTUOM B MJia^eHHecTBe.
    • Ilo/mepflCKa MaTepn H/HJIH ceMbH KJineHTa 6 bijia HeAOCTaTOHHOH HJIH
    OTCYTCTBOBAJIA.
    • K/IHeHT 6bIJI 6 3Hei^OM HJIH HJieHOM TpOHHH B CeMbe, TJie He 6bIJIO
    jIH

    JIOCTaTOHHOH J HHaHCOBOH nO ep^KKH.


    ()
    ^
    OcHOBHaa noTpe6HOCTb. Mnp 3acjiy>KHBaeT flOBepHH.
    CoMaTHHecKHH naTTepH. Kojuianc
    BepxHeft nacTH rpy/ jH H njien , oTcyT-
    CTBHe onopbi Ha HO3BOHOHHHK CKOBaHHOCTb B pyxax H Horax.
    ,
    B03M05KHbie HeraTHBHbie KOTHHUMH. “51 He ftOCTOHH nO,Zm;ep)KKH ”, He
    Mory yAOBjieTBopHTb CBOH noTpe6HOCTH ” , “ 51 He Mory c ejiaTb BTO caM ” , “ 51
    He OCTaTOHHO xopoin ”.
    ^
    ^
    He3aeucuMocmb na dmane ycmameneHUH omnoiuenuu

    KjineHTy He pa3pemajiocb nccjie


    6eHKy.
    ^oBaTb oKpy Kaiomyio cpeAy KaK pe-
    )

    KjineHT 6BIJI Hpe3MepH0 3amnmeH B jiercTBe .


    B AeTCTBe KJineHT HcnbiTbiBaji xpoHHnecKyio 6opb6y 3a BJiacTb
    no KpaHHefi Mepe c OJIKUM H3 poflHTejien.
    B A ^TCTBe KjineHT He nyBCTBOBaji ce6n B 3M 0ijH 0HajibH0 H 6e3onac-
    HOCTH .
    KjiHeHT nyBCTBOBaji ce6n o6ecn;eHeHHbiM HJIH npncTbDKeHHbiM , KaK
    pe6eHOK.
    KjineHT BblpOC B CeMbe CO CJIHIHKOM 6oJIbIHHM KOJIHHeCTBOM npaBHJI
    H / jojiaceH 6 biJi HX co6 jnoziaTb.
    KjineHT Bbipoc B ceMbe , B KOTopoii He 6biJio npaBHJi H orpaHHneHHH.
    KjineHT Bbipoc B ceMbe, B KOTOPOH He 6 biJio rpaHHiz.
    DiaBa 5 & KoMruieKCHoe nocnpaBMaTHHecKoe crpeccoBoe paccTpoftcTBO... 175

    • K/iHeHT Hcnbuaji jiio 6oe npeHe6pe^ceHHe HJIH ^KecTOKoe o6pameHHe


    .
    B aeTCTBe.

    • Po/UHTejiH KJineHTa 6 bijiH njioxo HacipoeHbi Ha noTpe6 HOCTH pa3BH -


    THH KJineHTa B / jeTCTBe , HanpHMep, B OTHOineHHH npHyneHHH K Tyajie -
    Ty HJIH 6 jiy CAaHHH BO CHe.
    ^
    OcHOBHan noTpe6HOCTb. BbiTb co6oii STO HopMajibHO.

    CoMaTHHecKHii nairepH. PacmenjieHHe ueyKjxy BepxHeft H HHJKHCH no-


    jiOBHHaMH Tejia , Hanpn ceHHe
    ^ B BepxHeft nac Tejia H OTcyTCTBHe TOHyca
    B Horax HJIH KOJiJianc BepxHeft nacTH Tejia H Hanpa ceHHe B
    ^ o6 jiacTH Ta3a,
    crH6aTejieH 6e pa H Hro/nnij.
    ^
    Bo3MO^CHbie HeraraBHbie KOTHHUMH. “51 ojiaceH xoporno ce6n BecTH,
    ^
    HTo6 bI MeHH JIK) 6HJIH , “ 51 AOJISCeH 3a6oTHTbCH O Bac, HTo6 bI Bbl MeHH JIIO -
    6HJIH , “51 He Mory 3amHTHTb ce6n ” , “ Hexopomo 6biTb co6on ” , “51 Henpn -
    BJieKaTejieH ”.

    HccjieAOBaHne pa3BHTHH aeiefl paHHero B03pacTa


    AJIH c6opa aHaMHe3a
    IIpH pa6oTe c KJineHTaMH , nepeHecniHMH paHHioio TpaBMy,
    Ba cHO TmaTejibHO co6paib aHaMHe3, HTO6BI noHHTb
    ^eTCKyio
    STHX paHHHx
    ^ BjiHHHHe

    CTaAHH pa3BHTHH. B OTJIHHHe OT “ HHTepBblO O npHBH3aHHOCTH B3pOCJIbIx ”


    [ George, Kaplan, & Main, 1996], cjie yiomHH HHCTpyMeHT c6opa aHaMHe3a,
    ^
    “ UccjieAOBaHHe pa3BHTHH fleTeii B paHHeM B03pacre ”, He HBjraeTcn craH-
    ZtapTH3HpoBaHHbiM HHCTpyMeHTOM oi eHKH. Uejib 3TOTO onpoca COCTOHT
    ^
    B TOM , HTO6BI o6 jiernHTb 6ecefly, Korapan noMoaceT BaM Jiynme noHHTb
    HCTopnio paHHero AeTCTBa Barnero KJineHTa. 3TH Bonpocbi npeAHasHane -
    HH jiJin Toro, HTo6 bi #aTb BaM o6mee npeACTaBJieHHe o ceMeiiHOH CHCTeMe
    H KanecTBe OTHomeHHH c BaacHbiMH onexyHaMH B fleTCTBe Barnero KJineHTa.
    3TOT 3anpoc noMOJKeT BaM cocraBHTb cnncoK B03M0)KHbix rtejien EMDR -
    TepanHH H3 paHHero zieTCTBa , co3 aTb KOHii,enuHio KJiHHHnecKoro cjiynan
    H pa3pa6oTaTb njiaH jieneHHH.
    ^
    Ilo Mepe npoABH^KeHHH o6pamaiiTe BHHMaHHe He TOJibKO Ha co epKa-
    HHe OTBeTOB BaiHHX KJIHeHTOB , HO H Ha npOIjeCC HX peaKUHH , BKJIIOHaH HX
    ^
    a(J)(J)eKTbI, COCTOHHHH B036y}KJieHHH H HeBep6aJIbHbie KOMMyHHKaUHH.
    HanpHMep, HaSjuo eHHe 3a coMaTHnecKHMH H acJx eKTHBHbiMH cnrHajiaMH
    ^ ^
    KJineHTa no3BOJiHT BaM a anTHpoBaTb TeMn BonpocoB. HeKOTopbie KJineHTbi
    ^
    176 HacTb 2
    ^ IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    MOryT CBH3HO OTBeTHTb Ha 3TH BOnpOCbl B paMKaX OftHOH CeCCHH. OziHaKO


    pyrne KJiHeHTbi MoryT 6biTb He B COCTOHHHH npe ocTaBHTb HCHBIH H y6e-
    ^ ^
    paccKa3. 06paTHTe BHHMaHHe Ha OTBepraiomHe yTBep K eHHH ,
    jXUTejibKbm
    ^^
    TaKne KaK: 3TO He HMejio 6ojibinoro 3H3HeHHH ” , 3TO MCHH coBceM He 6ec-
    nOKOHT ” , “ IIpOCTO TaK 6 bIJI0 ”. HaCTOpO}KHTeCb, eCJIH KJiHeHTbi CTaHOBHT-
    CH SMOUHOHajibHO no aBjieHHbiMH BO BpeMH npoijecca , H OTCJieacHBaiiTe
    ^
    TOHKHe npH3HaKH £ HCCOIJHaiJHH. 06paTHTe BHHMaHHe Ha H3MeHeHHH TOHa
    rojioca , no3bi H KecTOB , KOTopbie yKa3biBaiOT Ha zjHcrpecc. KpoMe Toro, Bbi
    ^
    MO ceTe o6Hapy cHTb BajKHbie pecypcbi RJIH. KJiHeHTa, TaKHe KaK 6a6yniKa
    ^ ^
    HJIH Ae yiHKa , jxpyr HJIH coce#, KOTopbie MoryT nocjiy KHTb Ba KHbiM COK> 3-
    ^ ^ ^
    HHKOM Ha 3Tane no/ jroTOBKH B KanecTBe HHCTajuraijHH pecypcoB.

    HHCTpyMeHT AJIH c6opa aHaMHe3a: Hccjie oBaHHe


    pa3BHraa aeTeft paHHero B03pacTa ^
    • KaKMMM cnoBaMM Bbi 6 bi onMca /iM CBoe fleTCTBO ?
    • riepeMMC^ me H /ieHOB B a w e M ceMbM ?

    " KTO no 3a 6 oTMJicn o Bac ?


    " ECJIM y Bac 6 buiM 6 paTbfl M cecipbi , B IOKOM nopqflKe OHM poAMJiMCb ?
    • KaKMMM 6 bl /lM 3TM OTHOLUeHMfl ?
    • HTO Bbi 3Haeie o 6epeMeHH0 CTM BaweM MaTepM M ceMeMHOM XM 3HM B TO
    BpeMH ?

    • KaKMe MdopMM BaM paccKa 3 biBa M


    ^ o BameM poxfleHMM MJIM Korfla Bbi
    6 bmM M/iafleHpeM ?
    • PoflMTejlM XOTeJIM , HTo 6 bl Bbi pOAMJlMCb?

    • OnMLUMTe CBOIO MaTb ( MJIM Manexy) .


    • PaCCKaXMTe 0 HeKOTOpbIX M 3 BaLUMX CaMblX paHHMX B 0 Cn 0 MMH 3 HMM 0 Ba -
    LueM MaiepM ( MJIM Manexe ) ?

    • Kax Bbi /laflM /iM , KorAa pocriM ?

    " ECJIM oHa xMBa ceroAHfl , KaK Bbi Tenepb XMBeTe ?


    • OnMLUMTe CBoero OTU, a [ MJIM OTHMMa ) . KaKOBbi BawM caMbie paHHMe BOC -
    noMMHaHM 06 OTL;e ( MUM oTHMMe ) ?
    KaK Bbi JiaAMUM , KorAa poc /iM ? ECJIM
    ^
    OH XMB ceroAHB , KaK Bbi Tenepb JiaAMTe ?
    DiaBa 5 KoMiuieKCHOe nocirpaBMaTHHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTpoficTBO... 177

    • Bbmn JIM y Bac B fleTCTBe KaKMe - /iM 6 o APyrne 6AM 3 KMe oneKyHbi ?
    OnMLUMTe 3TM OTHOLUeHMfl . KaKOBbl BaLLlM CaMbie paHHMe BOCnOMMHaHMB
    06 3TOM Me^ oBeKe ? KaK Bbi JiaflMPM, Korfla pocjiM ? EC /IM STOT Me/ioBeK
    XMB ceroflHS , KaK BBI Tenepb JiaflMTe ?

    • KaK peampoBa /iM BauiM 6 /iM3 KMe , Korfla BBI 6 bi /iM paccipoeHbi ( rpycTHbi ,
    3 /ibi , HanyraHbi , 6 oJibHbi , o 6MxeHbi ] ? OHM OTCTaBJisuiM Bac B OAMHOHecTBe
    MJIM nblTaJlMCb ycnOKOMTb ? Bbi HyBCTBOBaJIM ce 6n KOM (]> OpTHO MJ1M 6 blJlM
    npeAOCTaB /ieHbi caMM ce 6 e ? ECAM Bbi 6 buiM paccipoeHbi , paccrpaMBajiMCb
    JIM OHM eu e 6 ojibLue ? ( MccjieAyMTe KaxAyio M 3 BTMX SMOUMM oTAe/ibHo , 06 -
    ^
    paLAaa BHMMaHMe Ha coMaTMHecKyio peaKpMio KJiMeHTa Ha KaxAyio M 3 HMX.)

    • KaK BauiM oneKyHbi peampoBajiM Ha Bac, KorAa Bbi 6 buiM cnacTJiMBbi MJIM
    B3 BOJIHOBaHbl ? BaLUM pOAMTeJIM pa3AeJlHJlM BaLU 3HTy3 M 33 M MJIM T3 CMJ1M
    Baujy paAOCTb ? HyBCTBOBajiM JIM Bbi noAAepxKy, mo 6 bi 6 biTb CHacuiMBbiM ?

    • KaK BocnMTaiejiM HaKa 3 biBaim MJIM He HaKa 3 biBajiM Bac B AeTCTBe ? KaK
    Bbi OTpeampoBajiM Ha AHcpMnjiMHapHoe B 3 bicK 3 HMe ? OnMuiMTe CBoe
    nepBoe BocnoMMHaHMe o pa 3JiyKe c oneKyHaMM. Bbi MHOTO ABMraJiMCb
    B AeTCTBe ? BbuiM JIM KaKMe - JiM 6 o 3 aMeTHbie nojioxMTejibHbie HaciaBHM -
    KM MJIM BaXHbie J1IOAH , c KOTOpblMM Bbi CBH 33 Hbl C B BaweM C 006 LAeCTBe ?
    KaK 6 bl Bbi OflMCajlM 3TM OTHOLUeHMX ?

    PaHHioio AeTCKyio
    nEPEPABOTKA CTbl A
    TpaBMy nacTO
    ^
    conpoBOXCAaeT xyBCTBO CTbiAa.
    MajieubKMe ACTM nojiHOCTbio aamicxT OT BocnHTaTexen B njiaHe nyBCTBa
    6e3onacHOCTH H CBH3H C MHPOM. Kor a BOcnmaTejiH nyraioT, ocKopfixa-
    ^
    IOT HJIH CTailOBHTCH HeAOCTyilHbIMH , AeTH MOiyT He nOHHMaTb, KTO B 3TOM
    BHHOBBT. Koi Aa AeTH CTaHOBHTCH CBHACTeJIHMH HaCHAHH HAH XCeCTOKOTO
    '

    o6pameHHH , OHH nAOxo OTHOCHTCH K ce6e. B3pocAbie , He HMeBinne HaAexc-


    HOH npHBH3aHHOCTH , noABepraBuiHecH xcecTOKOMy o6pameHHio HAH ncnbi -
    TaBuine npeHe6pexceHHe B AeTCTBe , xacTO BHHHT ce6x B CBOHX npo6AeMax.
    B HeKOTopbix cxynaxx CTMA MoxceT cTaTb 6oAee 6e3onacHOH aMomieH , no -
    CKOAbKy OH 3amHmaeT KAHeHTa OT CKpbiToro yxcaca [ Knipe , 2009 ].
    CTMA ocHOBaH Ha HCKaxceHHOM omymeHHH ce6x BHHOBaTbiM, HCAOCTOH-
    HHM, ymepOHbiM HAH Hecnoco6HbiM. Kax H B cxynae c ApyrHMH CAOXCHHMH
    3MOU.HHMH , BaXCHO nOMOHb KAHeHTy nOAKAIOHHTbCH K (]jH3HHeCKHM OHjy-
    meHHHM CTbiAa. HacTo caiviax cxoxcHax nacTb HcuexeHHX OT CTbiAa STO
    178 HacTb 2 & IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    TepnHMOCTb K CBOHM J OIIiymeHHflM. CjIOBa e Ba JIH MOryT


    ( ) H3HMeCKHM
    ^
    OnHCaTb TO HeBbIHOCHMOe HyBCTBO OTBpameHHH , KOTOpoe MaCTO COnpOBO-
    jKAaeT 3TO nyBCTBO . KjiHeHTbi MoryT HcnbiTbiBaTb rjio6ajibHoe nyBCTBO A HC -

    J
    KOM ( )opTa . Kor a B03HHKaeT CTBIA , nepBbiM rnaroM B pa6oTe c HUM HBJIH-
    ^
    eTCn onpeAejieHHe H Ha3BaHHe SMOHHH B cocTpa aiejibHOH MaHepe. BaacHO
    OTMeTHTb, HTO CTblA “
    ^
    3TO 3MOHH5I , KOTOpyiO MOJKHO JieTKO He 3aMeTHTb,
    ecjiH TepanHH npoABHraeTCH CJIHHIKOM 6bicipo. IlcHxoTepaneBT MOJKCT
    3aMeTHTb CTpeMjieHHe KJiHeHTa CMeHHTb TeMy, HcnbiTaTb jKejiaHHe noA -
    Aep caTb KJiHeHTa HJIH H36aBHTb
    ^ ero OT nyBCTBa CTbiAa. TeM He MeHee, MO-
    aceT 6 biTb nojie3HO no3BOJiHTb KJiHeHTy 6e3onacHO npoiiTH nepe3 3MOIJHIO
    CTBIAA B 6e3onacHOH, HCHejraiomeH cpeAe. JXJIX ncHXOTepaneBTOB BajKHO
    coxpaHHTb TejiecHyio oco3HaHHocTb Ha npoTHJKeHHH Bcero npoijecca , HTO-
    6bi oco3HaBaTb KOHTpnepeHoc HJIH coMaraHecKHH pe30 HaHC c KJineHTOM.
    IIcHxoTepaneBTbi MoryT 3aMeTHTb TeHAeHijHio 3aMbiKaTbcn BMecTe c KJIH -
    eHTOM , H , BO3MOJKHO , HM noTpe6yeTCH 3anacTHCb pecypcaMH c noMombio
    ynpaacHeHHH JXJM AbixaHHH H 3a3eMjieHHH, HTO6 BI coxpaHHTb KOHTPOJIB BO
    BPEMH ceccHH. IIcHxoTepaneBTbi MoryT MOAeJinpoBaTb OTO A.M RJIHCHTOB
    H no6y CAATb HX AejiaTb TO ce caMoe.
    ^ ^
    BO3MOJKHO, BajKHO BepHyTbCH K BMemaTejibCTBy 12 “ TojiepaHTHOCTb
    |
    K ac )(})eKTaM H omymeHHHM ” H K BMemaTejibCTBy 13 “ IlepeKJiiOHeHHe MeacAy

    COCTOHHHeM AHCTpeCCa H pecypCHbIM COCTOflHHeM ” , HTo6 bI nOMOHb KJIHeH -


    TaM Bbipa6oTaTb TOJiepaHTHOCTb K (})H3HHeCKOMy AHCKOM| ( )OpTy, KOTOpblH

    ^
    conpoBO CAaeT nyBCTBO CTbiAa . KpoMe TOTO , cjieAyiomee BMemaTejibCTBO,
    “ PejiHAHOHHan HacTpoHKa Ha nyBCTBO CTbiAa” , npeAJiaraeT yTBepjKAeHHH ,
    KOTopwe cjiyacaT npHMepaMH TOTO, KaK 6opoTbcn co CTBIAOM H (JiopMHpoBaTb
    y KJiHeHTa TepnHMOCTb K nyBCTBy CTbiAa. Co3AaHHe 6e3onacHOCTH H B3an-
    MOnOHHMaHHH B nCHXOTepaneBTHHeCKHX OTHOIIieHHHX HBJIHeTCH BaJKHbIM
    KOMnoHeHTOM nepepa6oTKH CTbiAa. B 3TOM cijeHapHH HeT ycTaHOBjieHHoro
    nopHAKa , H 3TH yTBep KAeHHH
    ^ nojie3Hbi Ha JIK>6OM 3Tane EMDR-TepanHH.

    BMeiuamejibcmeo 23 . Pe /iflLjMOHHafl HacTpoHKa Ha CTblA

    KaxeTca , BaM ceMMac dbiAHO. HyBCTBO CTbiAa 3TO HopMa /ibHafl M ecre -
    CTBeHHaB SMOAMH. CAe/iakiTe nay3y M nonyBCTBynTe 3TO cj) H 3MHecKoe omy -

    meHMe. HTO BN 3 aMeTmin ?


    Mbi KaK pa3 roBopnAM o TBxe/ioM BocnoMHHaHHM, KorAa BaM crano CTHAHO.
    HTO HyxHO BaiueMy ieny f\n?\ noAAepxKM, HTo 6bi BbiAepxaTb nyBCTBO CTbiAa ?
    DiaBa 5 KoiwuieKCHoe nocTTpaBMaTiwecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccrpoftcTBO... 179

    Iloxoxe, Bbi flyMaeie , HTO Bbi 6bi /iM ( n ocTaeiecb ) n/ioxnM. Bbi 6 BMM npodo
    pe 6 eHKOM, a OHM 6 bi /iM B3 poc /ibiMM. Kaxaa noflflepxKa BaM HyxHa npaMO
    ceMnac , mo 6 bi BbiflepxaTb STO Taxe /ioe nyBCTBO ?

    KaKMe c|3 M 3 MHecKMe omyipeHMa Bbi McnbiTbiBaeie npaMO cetinac ? BaM


    6 bmo 6 bi npMHTHO nojioxMTb pyKM ( MTIM noflyniKy ) Ha 3Ty nacTb Te/ia
    A -fia noflflepxKM ?
    Iloxoxe, Bbi xoTMTe CKpbiTb cBoe HMPO. He cflepxMBaMTecb M cneAyMTe
    ;no 6 oMy MMny bcy ABMxeHMB , KOTopbm noflflepxMBaeT Bac npaMO cePiHac .
    ^
    06 paTMTe BHMMaHMe, HTO npoM 30 MfleT, ecriM a oTBefly B 3 rnaA M HeKOTO -
    poe BpeMH nocMOTpro cioAa [ BHM3 MJIM B CTopoHy] , HTO Bbi 3 aMeTM /iM ?
    KaK 3TO oiAymaeTCB B BameM Te/ie ? H cMOTpio B CTopoHy, HO a Bee eme
    3 Aecb, c BaMM. flaMTe MHe 3 HaTb , ec /iM Bbi xoTMTe , HTo 6 bi a nocMOTpe /i
    Ha Bac CHOBa .

    .
    npHMevaHHe Korpa B03 HMKaer nyBCTBO cmpa, KJiHeHTbi Moryr uyBCTBO -
    Barb ce6ft ya3 Bmbim M He3 aLpmpeHHbiMM . flcMxorepaneBTbi Moryr pa6o -
    TaTb C KJlMeHT3 MM , KOTOpbie MCriblTblBatOTCTblfl , C03 Hare / lbH0 OTBORH B3TJlfip
    or KJiMBHTa. 3TO nocnepnee yTBepxpeHHe npepjiaraer uccnepoBaHMe
    co3 HaTe/ ibHoro Hcnonb30 BaHm B3 r / ifipa ncuxorepaneBra v\ 3 pmenbHoro
    KomaxTa c KJineHTOM xax cnoco6a co3paHxin 6e3 onacHocm B oTHoiueHuax.
    Baxno oco3 HaBarb, xorpa Bbi oTBopme B3 rnap , HTo6bi KJiHeHTbi noHHMajin,
    4TO Bbipaere HM npocrpaHCTBo. B TIPOTHBHOM cjiynae KJIMBHT Mower nonyB -
    CTBOBdTb ce6fi 6pomeHHbiM . CnepyuTe npnMepy KJineHTa H B03BpaipaHTe
    B3rjiap , Korpa KJineHT TOTOB K KOHraxTy. Bbi Moxere npoponwarb 3 Kcnepn -
    MeHTMpOBdTb C OipyiReHHflMH , KOTRa Bbi CMOTpHTe Ha KJIHeHTa H OTBORHTe
    B3 rnnp OTHero, no3 Bonna KJinemy caMOMy ynpaBJWTb BpeMeneM .

    OEECIIEHEHHE BE30 riACH 0 CTH TEJIA


    HHorAa TCJIO He HBJiaeTca 6e3onacHbiM MecTOM , H KJiHeHTbi MoryT c Tpy -
    AOM ycTaHaBJiHBaTb H noAAepxcHBaTb CBH 3b c TejiOM . Hanpinviep , KJiHeHTbi ,
    nepexHBUiHe xecToicoe o6pameHHe B AeTCTBe , MoryT nyBCTBOBaTb , HTO
    Tejio npeAaJio HX , oco6eHHO ecjiH OHH noABeprajiHCb cexcyajibHOMy HacH -

    JiHio H nojiynajiH yAOBOJibCTBHC BO BpeMH cexcyajibHOH TpaBMbi . ripoiiecc


    BOCnpHHTHH H OLUymCTIHH TCJia MOXCT Ae30pHeHTHp0BaTb KJIHeHTa , KO -
    Topbra roAaMH nbiTajica H36excaTb ( )H3 HHecKHX omymeHHH . OHH MoryT
    J
    180 Hacn> 2 G? IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeniaTejibCTBa

    SoHTbCH OmymeHHH , KOTOpbie OHH HCnbITbIBaiOT. y HeKOTOpbIX KJIHeHTOB


    MOHCeT pa3BHTbCH CHJIbHaH 3amHTa, H3-3aKOTOpoft OHH Hpe3MepHO c#ep -
    HCHBaiOTCH H OTKJIIOHaiOTCH OT CBOHX OmymeHHH. ZIpyrHe KJIHeHTbl MOryT
    6bITb HeTOCTaTOHHO CAep^KaHHblMH H HyBCTBOBaTb ce6fl nO/IiaBJieHHbIMH
    omymeHHHMH H SMOIJHHMH. OjmaKo B o6eHx CHTyaijHHx KJiHeHTbi MoryT
    He 3HaTb, KaK oco3HaHHO OTHOCHTBCH K Tejiy. BancHO He enema pa3BHBaTb
    TejiecHyio oco3HaHHOCTb, HTO6H KJiHeHTbi MorjiH znoBepHTb CBoen cnoco6-
    HOCTH BbmocHTb omymeHHH H HyBCTBa 6e3 AHCCOIJHamiH.
    OAHHM H3 HHCTpyMeHTOB, KOTOpbiH noMoraeT KjineHTaM co3 aTb 6e30-
    ^
    nacHOCTb B Tejie, HBJineTCH ncHxojioraHecKoe o6yneHHe HeHpo| ( ) H3HOJiorHH

    nCHXOJIOrHHeCKOH TpaBMbI H flHCCOHHaiJHH. ECJIH KJiHeHTbi nOHHMaiOT, HTO


    HX Tejio ycTpoeHO Tax, HTO6H 3amHmaTb HX, OHH MoryT nyBCTBOBaTb ce6n
    MeHee HanyraHHbiMH CBOHMH omymeHHHMH. C noMonmio STOH nmJiopMa-
    IIHH ncHxoTepaneBTbi noMoraiOT KjineHTaM y3HaTb CBoe co6cTBeHHoe OKHO
    TOJIEPAHTHOCTH , HTO6H OHH MOTJIH 6biTb napTHepaMH B o6eCneHeHHH CBO-
    en 6e3onacHOCTH. 3TO TaKHce MonceT npeAOCTaBHTb KjineHTaM HHCTpyMeHT
    AJIH o6meHHH c ncnxoTepaneBTOM o TOM , Kor/ ja OHH BMXOAHT H3 OKHa TO-
    jiepaHTHOCTH HJIH HcnbiTbiBaiOT CHMnTOMbi AHCcoiiHaijHH. IIcHxoTepaneBTbi
    MoryT Hcnojib30BaTb 3aTbijiOHHyio niKajiy Hanna [ Knipe , 2015], KOTopan no-
    3BOJineT KjineHTaM HeBep6ajibHO noKa3aTb ncnxoTepaneBTy pyKOH , HacKOJib-
    KO AHCCOIi;HHpOBaHHbIMH HJIH npHCyTCTByiOmHMH OHH Ce6n HyBCTByiOT.
    KpoMe TOTO, ncHxoTepaneBT MOHCCT CTaTb BHHMaTejibHbiM Ha6 jiiOAaTe-
    JieM H nOMOHb KJIHeHTy 0C03HaTb TOHKHe COMaTHHeCKHe CHTHaJIbl , yKa3bI -
    Baiomne Ha B03MOHCHyio AHCcoAHaiiHio. HanpHMep, Bam KJIHCHT MOHCCT
    nocTOHHHo 3eBaTb, y Hero MOHCCT 6 biTb CHHHceH nocTypajibHbiH TOHyc HJIH
    OH MOHCeT rOBOpHTb, HTO HyBCTByeT ce6n 3aTOpMOHCeHHbIM H COHHbIM.
    ncHxoTepaneBTbi TaKHce y ejinioT npncTajibHoe BHHMaHHe CBOHM 4> H3Hne-
    ^
    CKHM OmymeHHHM H H3MeHeHHHM COCTOHHHH B036yHCAeHHH KaK B03M0HC-
    HblM nOKa3aTeJIHM TOTO , HTO MOHCeT npOHCXOAHTb C KJIHeHTaMH.
    CjieAyiomee BMemaTejibCTBO “ OSecneneHHe nyBCTBa 6e3onacHOCTH
    B Tejie ” noMoraeT KjineHTaM oco3HaHHO pa3BHBaTb TejiecHyio oco3HaHHOCTb
    nocpeACTBOM npHKOCHOBeHHH K ce6e. BO3MO2CHO, BaM npHAeTCH pa36 nTb
    3TO BMemaTejibCTBO Ha 6ojiee MejiKHe nac , pa6oTan c OAHOH nacTbio Tejia
    3a pa3, HTO6BI KJiHeHTbi MOTJIH Bbmep KHBaTb omymeHHH , KOTOpbie OHH
    ^
    o6HapyHCHBaiOT B CBoeM Tejie. IGmeHT, KOTOPHH He MOHCCT noAKJnonnTb-
    CH K KaKOMy- jm6o omymeHHio, MoaceT MHTKO noMaccnpoBaTb 3Ty o6 jiacTb,
    HTo6bI CnOCo6cTBOBaTb 6oJIbmeMy 0C03HaHHI0.
    DiaBa 5 KoMiuieKCHoe nocTTpaBMaTHnecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTpowcTBO... 181

    5? BMeuiamejibcmeo 24. 06ecneHeHne nyBCTBa 6 e3 onacHocTM


    ^ B Te /ie

    CoeflMHme naflOHM M 3Heprn 4 H 0 noipme MX , noxa He nonyBCTByeTe Ten -


    JIO. Tenepb nofloxme npaByio pyxy Ha zieBoe n /ieso. Cfle/iame nay 3y M no -
    MyBCTByHTe npMxocHOBeHMe BaweM pyxH x n/ieny. Bbi nyBCTByeie Ten/ioiy
    CBoefi pyxH ? Bbi HyBCTByeie mo - HM 6yflb eme ? Cxaxme Bc /iyx M /IM npo
    ce 6n: " ft omymax) H nyBCTByro CBoe n/ieno ".

    llpuMe^aHne. flonpocnre Knuema BHmarenbHO nadmopaTb 3 a arofi CBft -


    3 bio, noKa OH He 6ypyr roroBbi
    ABurarbcn pan bine. flpeflnoxnTe eMycocpe -
    poTO -iHTbCB Ha nnene, none, npepnneHbe v\ KHCTM. flpepnoxHTe Kjmemy
    '
    nponyBCTBOBarb Kaxayio nacrb rena, npoH 3 Hoca yrBepxpeHne npo ce6n.
    ECJIH KjmeHT He Moxer BoenpuHmaTb HHIOKHX omyipeHUM , nonpocme ero
    OCTOPOXHO noMaccupoBarb ary o6nacTb , mo6 bi noMOHb noBbicurb rene-
    CHyto oco3 HdHHOCTb . ripexpe weM nepefiTH K ppyrofi cropoHe, yEepmecb ,
    HTO Kimem coBepineHHO 0C03 naHH 0 nyBCTByer pa3 Hmjy Mexpy JieBoft
    H npaBOH pyKoti .

    Cfle/iame nay3y, mo 6 bi omyimb CBOIO JieByx) pyxy B ue/ioM M OTMeTbie ,


    xaxsTa CTopoHa omyLflaeTCH no OTHOiueHmo x npaBOM pyxe.
    Tenepb noMeHame dopoHbi. CoeflMHme xiaflOHM M 3 HeprMHHo noTpMTe
    MX , noxa He nonyBCTByeTe Ten /io . Tenepb no /ioxMTe zieByio pyxy Ha npa -
    Boe n /ieno. Cfle/iame nay 3 y M nonyBCTByrne npMxocHOBeHMe BaweM pyxM
    x n ieny. Bbi nyBCTByeTe Ten/ioTy CBoeM pyxM ? Bbi HyBCTByeie HTo - HM 6yflb
    /
    "
    eLfle ? CxaxMTe Bcnyx M /IM npo ce 6n : ft OLflyiflaio M nyBCTByio CBoe n/ieHo ”.

    .
    npHMenaHne flonpocnre K / ineHra BHHMare/ ibHo Ha6mop,aTb 3a STOH CBB -
    3 bio, noxa OH He 6yper TOTOB pBHrarbCB pa / ibiue. Elpep,noxme ewyMepneH -
    HO cocpepoTOHHTbcn Ha nnene, noKTe, npepnnenbe H KHCTH. npepnoxme
    K / ineHTy nponyBCTBOBarb Kaxpyto nacrb rena, npomnocn yTBepxpeHne
    npo ce6a. ECJIM KJineHT He Moxer BoenpHHHMaTb nmax^ x oipyLpenm , no -
    npocme ero ocropoxHO noMaccnpoBarb 3 ryo6nacrb, nroEbi noMOHb noBbi -
    CHTb renecnyto oco3 HaHHOCTb . ripexpe neM nepemn K HoraM , nonpocure
    K / ineHTa o6 parmb BHUManm Ha TO , xax OH BocnpHHHMaer CBOH pyxn.

    Cfle/iame nay3y, HTo 6 bi omyTMTb o 6 e CBOM pyxM M o 6 paTMTe BHMMaHMe


    Ha B3 aMM 0 CB ?i3 b Mexfly pyxaMM M ocra /ibHbiM Te /ioM .
    182 Hacrb 2 ricHxoTepanenTH'iecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    Tenepb coeAMHMTe ziaAOHM M SHeprMHHO noipme MX , noxa CHOBa He no -


    HyBCTByeTe Ten /io. Tenepb no /ioxMTe pyxM Ha zieBoe 6 eApo. CAe/iaMTe na -
    y3y M noHyBCTByiiTe CBB 3 b c BaiiiMMM pyxaMM Ha 6 eApe. Bbi nyBCTByeie
    Ten /ioTy CBOMX pyx ? Bbi nyBCTByeie mo - Hn 6yAb eme ? CxaxMTe Bc /iyx M /IM
    npo ce 6 fl : " ft omymaio M nyBCTByio CBoe 6 eApo ".
    flpuMenaHHe. flonpocure xnMeHTa BHMMare/ ibHO Ha6imp,aTb 3 a aroU cea-
    3bio, rioKa OH He Sypyr roroBbi flBMraTbcn panbiue. rtpepnoxMTe eMy Mep -
    jieHHo cocpepoTOHHTbCB Ha KOJieHBx, Mxpax M crynHBx . flpepnoxMTe XJIM -
    emy nponyBCTBOBarb xaxpyx nacrb rena, npoM 3 Hocn yTBepxpeHMe npo
    )

    ce6n. ECJIM xnMeHT He Moxer BocnpMHMMarb HMxaxMX oipyipeHMM , nonpo -


    cnre ero MBTXO noMaccnpoBarb 06/ iacTb , nrodbi noMOHb noBbicMTb rene -
    cHyto oco3 HdHHOCTb . flpexpe neM nepefi K ppyroM cropoHe, nonpocme
    KJiueHTa o6pawTb BHMMaHMe Ha pa3 HMU,y MexpyneBOM M npaBOM HOTOM.

    CAe/iaMTe nay3 y, mo 6 bi omyTMTb CBOIO zieByio Hory B pe/iOM M oTMeTbie ,


    xax 3Ta cropoHa omyiAaeica no OTHoweHMio x npaBOM Hore.
    Tenepb coeAMHMTe ziaAOHM M 3 HeprnHH 0 noipme MX, noxa CHOBa He no -
    HyBCTByeie Ten /io. Tenepb no/io/XMTe pyxM Ha npaBoe 6 eApo. CAe /iaMTe
    nay3y M nonyBCTByMTe CBB 3 b c BaiuMMM pyxaMM Ha 6 eApe. Bbi HyBCTByeie
    TennoTy CBOMX pyx ? Bbi HyBCTByeie HTO - HM 6yAb eme ? CxaxMTe Bc /iyx M /IM
    npo ce6a: " ft omyiAaio M MyBCTByio CBoe 6 eApo ”.
    ripHMenaHHe. flonpocMre xnMemoB BHMMarejibHO HafomopaTb 3 a STOM
    CBB3 bio, noxa OHM He 6ypyr roroBbi pBMrarbcn panbine. (IpepnoxMTe MM
    MEPNENHO cocpeporoHMTbcn Ha xoneanx, Mxpax M CTynnnx. flpepnoxMTe
    KfiMemaM nponyBCTBOBarb xaxpyx) nacrb rena, npoM3 Hoca yTBepxpeHMe
    npo ce6n. ECJIM xnMeHTbt He Moryr BocnpMHMMarb HMxaxMx oipyipeHMM , no -
    npocMTe MX ocropoxHO noMaccMpoBarb ary o6nacTb, mo6 bi noMOHb noBbi -
    CMTb re / iecHyio 0 C03 HaHH 0 CTb . flepep reM , xax nepexiTM xnMpy M TynoBMipy,
    nonpocMTe x /iMeHTOB o6paTMTb BHMMaHMe Ha TO, xax OHM BoenpMHMMam
    CBOM pyxM M HOTM B penoM no OTHoiueHMX) x ocTa / ibHOMy Teny.

    CAe/iaMTe nay3y, mo 6 bi omyTMTb CBOM pyxM M HOTM B pe /ioM M o 6paTMTe


    BHMMaHMe Ha CBOM B 3 aMM 00 TH 0 WeHMq C OCTa /lbHblM Te /IOM.

    CHOBa coeAMHMTe JIBAOHM M SHeprMHHO noTpMTe MX , noxa He noMyBcmy -


    eTe Ten /10. Tenepb axxypaTHO no /ioxMTe pyxM Ha /1 M 140 . CAe/iaMTe nay 3y
    M noHyBCTByMTe CBH 3 b c pyxaMM Ha /iMU,e. Bbi HyBCTByeTe Ten /ioTy CBOMX
    DiaBa 5 KoMiuieiccHoe nocirpaBMaTHHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTpoficTBO... 183

    pyK ? Bbi nyBCTByeie HTo - Hn 6yflb eme ? Cxaxme Bc /iyx H/IM npo ce 6a : " 9\
    omyipaio H nyBCTByio CBoe /lMpo " .
    flpuMevaHMe. nonpocure mmema BHHMarenbHO Ha6mopaTb 3 a STOH CBH -
    3 bio, noKa OH He 6yper TOTOB pBurarbcn panbine. npepnoxure ewyMepneH -
    HO cocpeflOTOHHTbCfi Ha n6y, LPEXAX , JWHHM nop6opopi<a , nop 6opopi<e, ne -
    pepneti nacw uieu, 3apHen Haem men, 3amjiKe w MaxyujKe. flpepnoxHTe
    KJiHemy nponyBCTBOBarb xaxpyio nacn rena, npon3 HOcn yrBepxpeHne
    npo ce6n. Ecnu KJiueHT He Moxer BoenpmmaTb HWOKMX oipyipeHuti , no -
    npocme ero ocropoxHO noMaccnpoBarb 3Tyo6nacrb, HTo6bi noMOHb noBbi -
    CHTb renecnyK) 0 C03 HaHH 0CTb .
    B noc /ieflHMM pa3 coeflMHUTe /laflOHM n aHepruHHO noipme MX , noxa He
    noHyBCTByeie Ten.no . Tenepb axxypaTHo nonoxme pyxM Ha TynoBHipe.
    Cfle/iafiTe nay3y H noHyBCTByMTe CBOH pyxH Ha CBoeM TYNOBHME. Bbi nyB -
    CTByeie TennoTy CBOHX pyx ? Bbi nyBCTByeie HT0 - Hn 6yflb eme ? Cxaxme
    BC/iyx M /IM npo ce 6 a : OLuym,aio v\ nyBCTByio CBOH Tope ”.

    npHMevaHne. flonpocHre KnueHra BHmarenbno Ha6mopaTb 3 a STOH CBH -


    3 bto, noKa OH He 6yper roroB pBurarbcn panbiue. flpepnoxxire ewy Mep -
    neHHO ocraHOBMTbcn Ha BepxHefi nacTH rpypHOH K / ieTKM , rpypnoH K / ierxe ,
    puaepparMe, xuBore H Ta3 e. flpepnoxHTe Knuemy nponyBCTBOBarb xaxpyio
    HacTbto rena , npomnocn yTBepxpenne npo ce6n. Ec /w Knnem He Moxer
    BocnpMHHMarb HHK3 KMX oipyipeHMM , nonpocme ero OCTOpOXHO nOMaCCH -
    poBarb ary o6nacTb , mo6 bt noMOHb fiynmeMy oco3 HaHHto.

    Tenepb HanpaBbTe CBoe co3 HaHne Ha CBoe Te /io B penoM. 4 TO Bbi oco3 Ha -
    eie B AaHHbm MOMCHT? Yflenme Hecxonbxo MMHyuoMy, HTo 6 bi o 6paimb
    BHHMaHkie Ha CBoe nonHoe oco3 HaHMe CBoero Tena B STOT MOMeHT .

    PABOTA C 3rO- COCTOHHH5IMH


    H HACTHMH JIMHHOCTH
    BaKHO nOMOHb KJIHeHTaM pa3BHTb 0C03HaHHe 3rO-COCTOHHHH HJIH na-
    CTefi CBoeii JIHHHOCTH , KOTopbie xpaHAT BocnoMHHaHHfl o paHHeii TpaBMe.
    KpOMe Toro, BHHMaHHe K HaCTHM JIHHHOCTH MOJKeT nOMOHb BblHBHTb HCTOH -
    HHKH pe3ncTeHTHOCTH K ncuxoTepariHH . HanpHMep , oflHa MacTb JIHHHOCTH
    M 05KeT nonbiTaTbca ca6oTHpoBaTb ncuxoTepaneBTHHecKoe BMemaTejib-
    CTBO B nonbiTKax 3amnTHTb ce6a OT ynaBiiMbix HJIH yrpoacaiomHX HVBCTB
    184 HacTb 2
    ^ llcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    H omymeHHH. PaccMOTpHM noApo6Hee HeKOTopbie H3 cymecTByiomHx M0 "

    Aejieft pa6oTbi c HacTHMH JIHHHOCTH.

    • TepanHH aro-cocTOHHHH. Pa3pa6oTaHHaH YOTKHHCOM H YOTKHHCOM


    [ Watkins & Watkins, 1997] ncHxoTepanHH STO -COCTOHHHH npeACTaB-
    jineT CO6OH ncHxoAHHaMHHecKHH noftxoA , KOTopbift ocHOBaH Ha npeA -

    nojicmeHHH , HTO HJICHBI HCXOAHOH ceMbH KjmeHTa yAep>KHBaiOTC5i

    B ncHXHKe KJiHeHTa. STO- COCTOHHHH MoryT BKJHonaTb B ce6n AeTCKyio


    nacTb KJiHeHTa , HHTepHajiH3HpoBaHHbix poAHTejieft HJIH 3AopoBoe
    B3pocjioe V \ IlpHMeHeHHe ncHxoTepanHH aro-cocTOHHHH K pa3pe-
    uieHHio ncHxojiorHHecKOH TpaBMbi BKJiiOHaeT B ce6n npH3HaHHe OT-
    BeprayTbix HacTeft npe/ jocTaBjieHHe STHM nacTHM npaBa
    JIHHHOCTH H
    rojioca . B paMKax STOH pa6oTbi Bamio BHACTB nac KaK HHTPOCKIJHH
    H3 nponuioro KJiHeHTa. HHTpoeKIJHH —
    3TO HHTepHaJIH3aiJ|HH OTHO-
    HieHHH HJIH KanecTB Apyroro nejiOBeKa , nacro poAHTejien HJIH OCHOB-
    HHX oneKyHOB .
    • IIcHXOTepaiiHJi BHyTpeHHHx ceMefiHbix CHCTCM. IlcHxoTepanHH BHy -
    TpeHHHX ceMeHHbix CHCTeM 6 biJia pa3pa6oTaHa PnnapAOM IIlBapueM
    [ Schwartz , 1997] H BbmejineT Tpn rana nacTeii JIHHHOCTH: H3rHaHHH -
    KH , MeHeA cepbi H noacapHbie. H3rHaHHHKH HecyT 6 peMH ncnxojio-
    ^
    THHeCKHX TpaBM , BKJIIOHaH 3MOIJHH H BOCnOMHHaHHH. MeHeA >KepbI
    pa6oTaiOT HaA TeM , HTO6M AepacaTb noA KOHTpojieM nyBCTBa yn3BH -
    MOCTH , nacTO ycepAHO pa6oTan HJIH npoABJura ce6n B KanecTBe 6e3-
    }KajiocTHoro BHyTpeHHero KpHTHKa. rioacapHbie npH6eraiOT K aAAHK -

    AHHM HJIH HJieHOBpeAHTejIbCTBy, HTo6bI npeAOTBpaTHTb nOHBJieHHe


    H3THaHHHKOB . KpOMe TOTO, IIlBapiJi npH3HaeT, HTO Ijejlb 3TOH nCH-
    xoTepanHH — noMOHb KJineHTy pa3BHTb OTHOIHCHKH CO CBOHM H
    yBepeHHbiM H cocTpaAaTejibHbiM HAPOM JIHHHOCTH , KOTopoe MoaceT
    CJiy KHTb HCTOHHHKOM MyApOCTH.
    ^
    • CTpyKTypHan AuccouHauHH JIHHHOCTH. TpeTHH noAxoA K pa6oTe
    c nacTHMH JIHHHOCTH MOAejib CTpyKTypHOH AHCCOAHaijHH BaH Aep
    XapTa H ero KOJiJier [ van der Hatt , 2006]. 3Ta MOAejib onpeAejraeT
    BHeniHe HopMajibHyio nacTb KaK nacTb JIHHHOCTH , KOTopan noAAep-
    5KHBaeT CnOCo6HOCTb (JiyHKUHOHHpOBaTb B MHpe , HanpHMep, XOAHTb
    B niKOJiy HJIH , Ha 6ojiee no3AHeM 3Tane pa3BHTHH , XOAHTb Ha pa6oTy.
    KpoMe TOTO, 3Ta MOACJIB npH3HaeT, HTO y 6ojibiHHHCTBa KJIHCHTOB ecTb
    SMOAHOHaJIbHaH HaCTb JIHHHOCTH , KOTOpaH COACpJKHT BOCnOMHHaHHfl ,
    DiaBa 5 KoMnjieKCHoe nocnpaBMaTHHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTponcTBO... 185

    omymeHHH H 3MOU; HH, CBH3aHHbie c TpaBMHpyioiiJiHM MaTepnajiOM.


    Korjia KjiHeHTbi ce6n 3acTpHBinHMH BO BHeniHe HopMajib-
    nyBCTByiOT
    HOH HaCTH JIHHHOCTH , OHM HaCTO COo6maK)T O TOM , HTO HyBCTByiOT
    ce6n HenojmoijeHHbiMH HJIH jmmeHHbiMH CBH3H C CO6OH H zipyrn -
    MH JIIO bMH. KjiHeHTbi HyBCTByiOT Ce6H H30JIHp0BaHHbIMH , IIOTOMy
    ^
    HTO OHM OTpe3aHbI OT 3MOI], HOHaJIbHOH HaCTH JIHHHOCTH. B CJiyHaHX
    AHCCOUHaTHBHOTO paCCTpoilCTBa JIHHHOCTH y KJIHeHTOB M02KCT 6bITb
    HeCKOJIbKO BHeillHe HOpMaJIbHbIX JIHHHOCTeH , KOTOpbie HCnbITbIBaiOT
    pa3Hbie nepe^KHBaHHH caMon eHTH(J) HKaiiHH H HMCIOT pa3Hbie MHpo-
    ^
    B033peHHH . 3amHTHaH (JtyHKIIHH KJIHeHTa 3aKJIK)HaeTCH B TOM , HTo6 bI
    y ep^CHBaTb BHeniHe HopMajibHbie Haora JIHHHOCTH OT ejibHO JXPYR
    ^
    OT zipyra , a 3MOijHOHajibHbie HHCTH JIHHHOCTH
    ^
    BHe caMoco3HaHHH.
    TaKHe 3aiH,HTbI MOryT npOHBJIHTbCH KaK AHCCOIJHailHH , CaMOKpHTHKa,
    nep(J)eKHHOHH3M , a/mHKHHH HJIH caMOBpe HTejibCKoe noBe/ieHHe.
    ^
    Jln epbi B o6 jiac EMDR -TepanHH, TaKHe KaK IlapHejiJi [ Parnell, 2013],
    ^
    MaHCcJmjifl [.Mansfield, 2010 ], Haim [ Knipe , 2015], Ooprarn H KonjiH
    [ Forgash & Copeley, 2008], IoMec [ Gomez , 2012], IoHcajiec H MocKepa
    [ Gonzales & Mosquera, 2012 ], Paulsen [ 2017], IlIanHpo [ Shapiro, 2016 ]
    H TBOM6JIH [ Twombly , 2000] npezyiaraiOT BaacHbie nepcneKTHBbi HHTerpa -
    HHH pa6oTbi c nacTHMH JIHHHOCTH B EMDR -TepanHio. B HBCTHOCTH , Haiin
    [ Knipe , 2015] Hcnojib3yeT Teopnio CTpyKTypHoil HHTerpaiiHH B paMKax
    EMDR -TepanHH B KanecTBe HHCTpyMeHTa jyra HaijejiHBaHHH Ha 3am,HTHbie
    MexaHH3MbI , KOTJXdi pa6oTa C TpaBMaTHHeCKHMH BOCnOMHHaHHHMH CJIHin -
    KOM onacHa jym KjmeHTa. B paMKax TejiecHO-opneHTHpOBaHHOH ncnxoTe-
    panHH I13T Or eH H HHHHa Oninep [ Ogden & Fisher, 2015] Hccjie/iyioT na-
    ^
    CTH JIHHHOCTH B coHeTaHHH c ceHCOMOTopHoil ncHxoTepanHeii B KanecTBe
    cnoco6a nomrrb flHCCOijHaijHK) H ( parMeHTaiiHio. OHH npezinojiaraioT,
    ^
    HTO B nepnozie paHHero pa3BHTHH y .aeTeii ecTb KOHKypnpyiomHe CHCTC -
    Mbi AeiiCTBHH. nepBan cncTeMa ,ZIEHCTBHH 3TO Ta nacTb pe6eHKa, KOTO-
    pan BpoacfteHHO HacTpoeHa Ha coiiHajibHyio aKTHBHOCTb, npHBH3aHHOCTb
    H Hrpy. Kor/i,a ACTH nyBCTByiOT yrpo3y, OHH 3aBHCHT OT /ipyroH CHCTeMbi
    AeHCTBHH, B KOTOpOH £OMHHHpyiOT HHCTHHKTbl BereTaTHBHOH HepBHOH
    CHCTeMbi , npe/iHa3HaHeHHbie /yin BbDKHBaHHH , HTO6H 3aMepeTb, y6e caTb ,
    ^
    jipaTbcn HJIH ynacTb B O6MOPOK. Y pe6eHKa , ncnbiTbiBaiomero xpoHHnecKHH
    TpaBMaTHnecKHH CTpecc, KaK B cjiynae c nocrrpaBMaTHnecKHM CTpeccoBbiM
    paccTpoilcTBOM , pa3BHBaeTcn pacmenjieHHe MejKjiy TOH nacTbio JIHHHOCTH ,
    186 HacTb 2 G? IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    KOTOpaH HmeT 6.JIH30CTH H B3aHMO/lieHCTBHH C pOZUHTeJieM HJIH OneKyHOM ,


    H nacTbio JIHHHOCTH , KOTopan nyBCTByeT yrpo3y.
    OcHOBbiBancb Ha 3TOM HacjieziHH , Mbi yaejweM oco6oe BHHMaHHe co-
    MaTHnecKOMy KOMnoHeHTy pa6oTbi c nacraMH ce6n B paMKax EMDR -
    TepanHH. Ham anueHT Ha Ha6
    ejiaeTcn £eHHH 3a TOHKHMH coMaTHne-
    jno

    CKHMH , a J|
    ( )( )eKTHBHbIMH
    ^, KOrHHTHBHbIMH H nOBe/
    jeHHeCKHMH CHTHaJiaMH ,
    HTO6BI onpe ejiHTb , Kor a H KaKan nacTb JIHHHOCTH aKTHBHpyeTcn y KJIH -
    ^ ^
    eHTa. HanpHMep, ecjiH KJIHCHT craHOBHTcn caMOKpHTHHHbiM , ncHxoTepa-
    neBT MO ceT 3aMeTHTb, HTO MeHneTcn KaK TOH rojioca KJIHeHTa, Tax H ncm
    ^
    ero Tejia. K/IHCHT, HcnbiTbiBaiomHH CTUR , MOJKCT onycTHTb rojiOBy H 6ojib-
    me He CMOJKCT nozmepacHBaTb 3pHTejibHbiH KOHTaKT c ncHxoTepaneBTOM.
    PaccMOTpHM nozjpoSHee THnw CHraajiOB, KOTopbie MoryT yica3biBaTb Ha ax-
    THBaUHIO HaCTH JIHHHOCTH.

    • CoMaTHnecKHe . 06paraTe BHHMaHHe, Kor^a TOH


    cnmajibi rojioca

    KJIHeHTa CTaHOBHTCH MHTKHM , eTCKHM , TpOMKHM HJIH CHJIbHbIM. Cjie -


    ^
    jxme 3a H3MeHeHHHMH B no3e KJineHTa. OH MOJKCT CBepHyTbcn B Kajia -
    HHK H CTaTb HJIH Ha yTbCH H yBejiHHHTbCH . Ha6 jnoji;aHTe,
    MajieHbKHM

    MeHneTCH JIH B3TJI5IA KJineHTa, (JjHKCHpyn


    ^ ero Ha ncHxoTepaneBTe HJIH
    o6T>eKTe oc 06paTHTe
    B
    ^ Hce. BHHMaHHe Ha noBTopmomHecn acecTbi ,
    TaKHe KaK 3aKpyHHBaHHe BOJIOC, nonecbiBaHHe HJIH nocTyKHBaHHe
    HoraMH . IIcHxoTepaneBTbi TaK^ce MoryT Ha6 jno£aTb H3MeHeHHH B JXU -
    xaHHH KJineHTa , HanpHMep, Kor
    ^a zibixaHHe. CTaHOBHTcn noBepxHOCT-
    HHM H ynameHHbiM HJIH 3aziep}KHBaeTcn ,/JonojiHHTejibHbie coMa -
    6meHHH KJIHeHTOB O (J)H3HHeCKHX
    THHeCKHe CHTHaJIbl BKJIIOHaiOT COo
    CHMnTOMax, TaKHX KaK BHe3anHan 6ojib HJIH rojiOBOKpyaceHHe, TOIH -
    HOTa HJIH rojiOBHbie 6OJIH.

    • Cnniajibi a J |eKTa. BHe3anHbie H3MeHeHHH acfxJieKTa KJineHTa MoryT


    ( )( )

    6biTb CHTHajiOM TOTO, HTO aKTHBHpoBajiacb KaKan -TO nacTb ero JIHHHO-
    CTH. KnneHT MOtfCeT 6 bITb OXBaHeH TaKHMH HyBCTBaMH KaK CTblfl , rope,
    npocTb, 3aBHCHMOCTb, CTpax, yacac, 6e3Ha,a;e)KHOCTb, OTnanHHe , He -
    npHHTHe HJIH noKHHyTOCTb. BaacHO 3aMenaTb HecooTBeTCTBHe ueyKRy
    CJIOBaMH H 3MOIJHHMH KJIHeHTa . IIpHCJiyiliaHTeCb K HeCOBMeCTHMbIM
    y6oK£eHHHM , TaKHM KaK OTcyTCTBHe cnoco6HOCTH npH3HaTb, HTO
    6 -
    M 02KH0 JlK> mb KOrO TO H 3JIHTbCH Ha 3TOTO HeJIOBeKa HJIH HTO MO)K -
    HO OZlHOBpeMeHHO 6bITb He3aBHCHMbIM H npH 3TOM HMeTb nOTpe6HO “

    CTH . 06paTHTe BHHMaHHe Ha nep(J)eKIIHOHH3M HJIH HeTepnHMOCTb


    DiaBa 5 KoMnjieKCHoe nocnpaBMaTHHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTpowcTBO... 187

    K OniH6KaM.
    ^ OnOJIHHTeJIbHblM 3MOU, HOHaJIbHbIM CHTHaJIOM HBJIHeTCH
    TO, HTO KJiHeHTbi TO HAeajiH3HpyioT, TO o6ecueHHBaiOT ncHxoTepaneB -
    .
    Ta HJIH Apyrax
    ^eft B CBoeii
    jiio )KH3HH

    • KorHHTHBHbie CHrHajibi . Huxme mMeneim


    ^ B KOTHHTHBHOM cjjyHK-
    UHOHiipoBaHHH, HanpHMep, Kor / ja MbinuieHHe KJiHeHTa craHOBHTcn
    Ae3opraHH30 BaHHbiM HJIH pacceaHHbiM. Ha6 jnoAaHTe 3a AHCcouna-
    UHeft , HanpHMep, Kor^a KJIHCHT CTaHOBHTcn OTCTpaHeHHbiM OT CBOHX
    CJIOB HJIH OT caMoro ce6n. IIcHxoTepaneBTbi MoryT cjibimaTb OT KJIH -
    eHTa TaKHe yTBep KAeHHH , KaK
    ^ “3TO He noxoace Ha MeHn ” , KTO 3TO?
    HJIH 3TO He H ”. IIpHCJiyHiaHTeCb K npOTHBOpeHHBbIM yTBep)KAeHHHM ,
    HanpHMep, KOW KJIHCHT roBopHT HTO-TO, HO 3aTeM oTpnijaeT 3TO.
    Taicace o6paTHTe BHHMaHHe Ha acecTKHe MOACJIH MbinuieHHH, TaKHe
    KaK
    ^cejiaHHe OTCTaHBaTb CBOIO npaBOTy H y6e>KAeHHOCTb, HTO Apyrne
    omnSaiOTCH. 06paTHTe BHHMaHHe Ha TpyzuiocTH c npHHHraeM perne-
    HHH , TaKHe KaK KOJie6aHHH , KOTopbie MoryT yKa3biBaTb Ha KOH (J)JIHKT
    Me CAy AByMH HaCTHMH JIHHHOCTH
    ^ .
    • IIoBeAeHHecKHe .
    ^eHnecKHe
    cumajibi IloBe cnrHajibi
    BKJHonaiOT
    B ce6n noBeAeHHe H36eraHHH , caMOcaSoTaac HJIH caMonoBpe ,
    ^ cjieHHe

    nepee aHHe H . HeKOTopbie KJiHeHTbi nbiTaiOTcn OTBjienb


    ^ aAAHKijHH

    nCHXOTepaneBTa lOMOpOM HJIH yKJIOHHHBOCTbK , HTo6 bI CKpbITb yn3-


    )

    BHMyio nacTb. Huxme KOHTpojinpyiomee noBeAeHHe , KorAa KJineHTbi


    nbiTaiOTcn ynpaBJiHTb noBeAeHHeM ncnxoTepaneBTa HJIH HanpaBjie-
    HHeM CeCCHH . 06paTHTe BHHMaHHe, CTpeMHTCH JIH KJIHeHT 6bITb xo-
    poniHM KJineHTOM. HmHTe TeMbi , CBH3aHHbie co BpeMeHeM, HanpHMep,
    KJineHT BcerAa ona3AbiBaeT Ha ceccnio, c TpyzjOM 3aBepmaeT ceccmo
    HJIH 6eCnOKOHTCH O TOM, HTO eMy He XBaTHT BpeMeHH Ha ceccmo.
    CjieAyiomHH cnncoK “ IIoACKa3KH jxjm HAeHTH(})HKaijHH nacre# JIHHHO-
    3TO HHCTpyMeHT, KOTOpblH nOMO CeT BaM OnpeAeJIHTb,
    CTH
    ^ KOTAa HaCTb
    aKTHBHpyeTCH , Ha6 jHOAan 3a KJIHCHTOM 3a H3MCHeHHHMH B COMaTHHeCKOM
    onbiTe, ac
    | ) c )eKTHBHOM BbipaaceHHH ,
    | KOTHHAHH H noBeACHHH.

    IIOACKa3KH ftJIfl HA,eHTH4>HKaU,HH HaCTeft JIHHHOCTH


    CoMamuuecKue CUZHCUIU
    " TOH rojioca
    • IIo3 aTejia
    188 HacTb 2
    ^ ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    • 3pHTejibHbift KOHTaKT, HanpHMep, Kor^a mmeHT H36eraeT 3pHTejibHO-


    ro KOHTaKTa HJIH ero B3rji*m (JjHKCHpyeTCH Ha HCM -TO
    • IIoBTopfliomHecfl JXBH^KeHHH, TaKHe KaK 3aicpyHHBaHHe BOJIOC , none-
    cbmaHHe HJIH noicycbiBaHHe Horren

    • IlaTTepHbi ^ bixaHHH , TaKHe KaK 3ajjep KKa ftbixaHHH HJIH 6bicTpoe JXU -
    )

    xaHHe

    • OH3HnecKHe CHMnTOMbi co CTopoHbi Tejia , TaKHe KaK rojiOBHan 6OJIB,


    ToniHOTa , rojiOBOKpy >KeHHe HJIH noHBjieHHe 6OJIH

    A( p( peKmu6 Hue nodcxa3KU


    • SMOHHOHajibHoe H36eraHHe
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    }

    • 3aBHCHMOCTb OT OTHOIIieHHH, HyBCTBO OTBep^CeHHOCTH HJIH nOKHHy-


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    • HecooTBeTCTBHe MeyKjxy cjiOBaMH H SMOUHHMH


    • Ilep J eKUHOHH3M, HeTepnHMOCTb K OIHH6KaM H CaMOKpHTHKa
    ( )

    • HecoBMecTHMbie y6eyKjxemin HJIH nyBCTBa, TaKHe KaK o^HOBpeMeH-


    6
    Hoe HcnbiTbiBaHHe JIIO BH H raeBa

    • o6ecneHHBaHHH
    ^3
    , HHaMHKa H,aeajiH3aiiiHH H

    Kozuumueubie cuznajiu
    • ,ZIe3opraHH30BaHHoe MbinuieHHe HJIH pacceHHHbie, nenormnue MBICJIH
    • HCCOUiHaiJHfl
    ^
    • OTpHIjaHHe KaKOH-JIH6o HaCTH JIHHHOCTH HJIH TaKHe 3aHBJieHHH, KaK
    “3TO He H .
    • OTCTpaHeHHe OT ce6n HJIH TaKHe 3 , KaK KTO STO?
    anBjieHHH

    • IlpOTHBOpeHHBbie yTBep2K/ jeHHH, TaKHe KaK BbicKa3biBaHHe nero- jiH -


    60, a 3aTeM oTpHijaHHe TOTO, HTO 3TO 6BIJIO CKa3aH0
    • )KecTKoe MbimjieHHe HJIH
    ^
    cejiaHHe OTCTaHBaTb CBOIO npaBOTy, a JXPY-
    THX CHHTaTb HenpaBbiMH

    • C/I05KH0CTH C npHHHTHeM penieHHH


    DiaBa 5 KoMiuieKCHoe nocnpaBMaTHHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paanpoHCTBO... 189

    IIoeedemecKue cumcuiu
    H36eraiomee noBejjeHHe
    CaMOBpeAHTejibCTBO
    CaMonoBpeac/ jaiomHe HCTBHH

    ON3HHecKoe HJIH BMOiiHOHajibHoe nepee/i,aHHe


    A&zjHKTHBHoe noBejjeHHe
    OTBjieKaionjiee noBe eHMe, TaKoe KaK IOMOP H OTKJiOHeHHe OT TeMbi
    ^
    KoHTpojiHpyiomee noBe/i,eHHH
    IIpo6 jieMa jjaTb OTKa3
    HeoSxOftHMOCTb 6bITb XOpOHIHM KJIHeHTOM
    TeMbi, CBH3aHHbie co BpeMeHeM , TaKHe icaic xpoHHnecKHe ono3AaHH5i,
    6ecnoKOHCTBO no
    ^
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    BpeMeHH.
    c 3aBepmeHHeM ceccnn HJIH
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    PEJIHUHOHHblE PECYPCbl
    B EMDR -TepanHH MM pa6oTaeM c yn3BHMbiMH nacTHMH JIHHHOCTH C no-
    Mouiibio HHCTajuimjHH pecypcoB, HTO6M o6ecneHHTb 6e3onacHocTb. KjmeHT,
    KOTopbiH nyBCTByeT ce6n B 6e3onacHOCTH, jiynine cnpaBjmeTcn c 3MOU,HH -
    MH H BOCnOMHHaHHHMH , CBH3aHHbIMH C fteTCKOH HaCTblO CBOeH JIHHHOCTH.
    PecypcHbie jxejajm Ha 3Tane nojjroTOBKH K EMDR -TepanHH MoryT 3aHHTb
    HeKOTopoe BpeMH. OflHaKO Korjja y KJineHTa ecTb Heo6xo#HMbie pecypcbi,
    nepepa6oTKa TpaBMbi MO^KCT 6biTb HaMHoro Marne H 3({)( j)eKTHBHee. Korjja
    ncHxoTepaneBT o6pamaeT BHHMaHHe KJineHTa Ha KaKyio-TO naerb ero JIHH -
    HOCTH , O6MHHO B03HHKaeT HyBCTBO CTbi a , oco6eHHO ecjiH 3Ta nacTb jjojiroe
    ^
    BpeMH Haxo HJiacb B H3THaHHH. JXJIR ncHxoTepaneBTOB BaacHO eftcTBOBaTb
    ^
    He enema, coSjno/ jaa TeMn , KOTopbiH MoaceT BbijjepacaTb KjmeHT.
    ^
    MHorji,a nacTb JIHHHOCTH npe CTaBjmeT CO6OH HHTepHajiH3HpOBaHHoro
    ^
    npecTynHHKa HJIH HHTpoeKUHio o6H HHKa H3 nponuioro. 3Ta nacTb MoaceT
    ^
    6 biTb jionjibHOH K o6 njs,miKy H MO)KeT noAnHTMBaTb caMonoBpeamaiomee
    HJIH caMOBpeftHTejibCKoe noBejiieHHe. OJJ; HH H3 UOJXXOJXOB K pa6oie c HH -
    TepHajiH30BaHHMM npecTynHHKOM — AHCTaHijHpyiomee BMeinaTejibCTBO,
    KOTopoe MO ceT noMOHb KJineHTy OTCTpaHHTbcn OT HHTpoeKiiiHH H npH He-
    ^
    O6XOJI, HMOCTH co3jnaTb ycjiOBHH JIJIB. caM03amHTbi [Schwartz, 1997]. 3TOT
    190 Hacrb 2 IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    npouecc MoacHO ocymecTBHTb, nonpocHB HHTepHajiH30 BaHHoro npecryn -


    HHKa OTOMTH B CTOpOHy HJIH ITOMeCTHB 3aiIJHTHOrO COK)3HHKa MeaC y KJIH -
    eHTOM ( HJIH ReTCKOft HaCTblO KJIHeHTa ) H npecTynHHKOM.
    ^
    Kor a KJineHT HMeeT Reno c H3rHaHHoft HJIH oTBepniyToft HacTbio CBoeft
    ^
    JIHHHOCTH , MOaceT 6bITb nOJie3HbIM Onpe eJIHTb nOTpe6HOCTH STOft HaCTH
    ^
    H npHBJienb pecypcbi nozmepaocn. PaccMOTpHM npHMep 30- jieTHeft KJIHCHT -
    KH , y KOTopoft 6 bijiH npo6 jieMbi B OTHOineHHnx co CBOHM napHeM. BCHKHH
    pa3, Kor a OH yxozinji K CBOHM npHHTejiHM, 3Ta aceHmHHa nyBCTBOBajia ce6a
    ^
    oneHb O HHOKOH , 6ecnoKOHHOH H 6ofljiacb, HTO napeHb ocTaBHT ee, HaftziH
    ^
    Koro-To jiynrne, neM OHa. YMOM OHa noHHMajia , HTO OH BepeH eft , H Bee ace ee
    nepenojiHHJiH pacerpanBaiomHe OMOIJHH , HenpHHTHbie |
    c )H3HHecKHe omy-
    meHHH H HppaijHOHajibHbie MBICJIH. OHa He noHHMajia, noneMy nyBCTBOBa-
    jia ce6n TaKoft HeynpaBjraeMoft. Ha 3Tane c6opa aHaMHe3a ncnxoTepaneBT
    o6HapyacHJi , HTO MaTb KJiHeHTKH 6bijia neperpyaceHa 3a6oToft o neTbipex
    Apyrnx zueTHx , Korzja KjmeHTKa 6 biJia Mjia eHijeM. MaTb He Morjia HacTpo-
    ^
    HTbca Ha .zieTCKHe noTpe6HOCTH KJineHTKH. Korzja OHa npezjCTaBJinjia ce6a
    pe6eHKOM, OHa BH ejia ce6a O HHOKOH H nyBCTBOBajia ce6a 6pomeHHoft .
    ^ ^
    Korzja ee cnpocnjiH , KaKHe (J) H3HHecKHe omymeHHH OHa HcnbiTbmaeT, KJIH -
    eHTKa onpejiejiHJia omymeHHe zjaBjieHHH B rpyzjn . Pa6oTa c nacTHMH JIHH -
    HOCTH nOMOTJia KJIHeHTKe OnpejjeJIHTb, HTO HyBCTBa , B03HHKIHHe , KOTR2L ee
    napeHb yxozjnji H3 zjOMa , HanoMHHajiH eft Te BpeMeHa , Kor a OHa 6 biJia Ma -
    ^
    JieHbKOft ZJCBOHKOft. COBMeCTHbIMH yCHJIHHMH nCHXOTepaneBT H KJIHeHTKa
    pa3pa6oTajm pecypcbi zuw SToft zjeTCKoft nacTH JIHHHOCTH KJineHTKH, KOTO-
    pbie o6ecneHHjm CTa6 HJiH3auHio nyBCTBa noKHHyTOCTH. BaacHO OTMeTHTb,
    HTO HCxo/iiHbie pecypcbi MoryT 6 biTb nojioacHTejibHbiMH , HO Bnocjie CTBHH
    MoryT noftBeprHyTbCH KOHTaMHHauHH. KoHTaMHHaijHH 03HanaeT, HTO no-
    ^
    jioacHTejibHbift pecypc, TaKoft KaK 6e3onacHoe Mecra HJIH COK)3HHK , BHe -
    3anHO CTaHOBHTCH He6e3onacHbiM HJIH yrpoacaiomHM zvin KJineHTa. Korzta
    3TO npoHexo HT, nCHXOTepaneBT noMoraeT KJineHTy ycnjiHTb cnoco6HocTb
    ^
    c,aepacHBaTb TpeBoacHbift MaTepnaji. KaK TOJIBKO TpaBMaranecKHft MaTepn -
    aji 6yzjeT ji0KajiH30 BaH , ncnxoTepaneBT MoaceT npncTynHTb K co3ziaHHio

    n03HTHBHbIX peCypCOB ZJJIH KJIHeHTa.


    Cjieziyiomee BMeinaTejibCTBO, “ 06ecneneHHe pejraijHOHHbix pecypcoB ” ,
    no nepKHBaeT ncnxoTepaneBTHHecKHe OTHOineHHH KaK HHCTaJunmnio
    ^
    pecypcoB, c( j)OKycHpoBaHHyio Ha TeKymeM MOMeHTe H coMaTHnecKH ne-
    peacHBaeMyio nacTbio JIHHHOCTH. TepaneBTHnecKHe OTHOineHHH ziaiOT B03-
    MoacHOCTb B HacTonmeM BpeMeHH o6 paTHTb BHHMaHHe Ha HezjocraiomHe
    DiaBa 5 KoMiuieKCHoe nocTTpaBMaTimecKoe cTpeccoBoe paccrpoftcTBo... 191

    3JieMeHTbi OTHomeHHH npnBH3aHHOc KjmeHTa. To, Hero He XBaTajio KJIH -

    6biTb paccMOTpeHO H ynxeHO B paMKax ncHxoxepa -


    eHTy B flexcTBe , Moacex
    nHH. KoHeHHO, HcpejiHiomaa pa6oTa He MeHnex Toro, HXO Ha caMOM aejie
    npoH3oniJio B npomjiOM. TeM He MeHee, npeaocxaBjieHHe pecypcoB ya 3BH -
    MblM HaCTHM JIHHHOCXH MOXeX flaXb HOBOe OIHymeHHe 3a6oTbI H aaiHHTbl .
    Ilo Mepe Toro , KaK KjmeHXbi BOcnpHHHMaiOT HOBbie nepeacHBaHHH , OHH
    yicpenjunox CBoe BHyxpeHHee , cocxpaaaxejibHoe B3pocjioe “a”, KOTopoe xe-
    nepb Moacex 3a6oxjiMBO OXHOCHXBCH K roHbiM HJIH ya3BHMbiM nacxHM xejia.
    3xo BMemaxejibCXBO COCXOHX H3 naxH rnaroB.

    BMeiuamejibcmeo 25 . OOecneneHMe pe/ifuiMOHHbix pecypcoB


    LUar 1. Pacno 3 HaBaHMe nacreii JIMHHOCTM
    Onpefle/iHxe, Kaxue nacTM BMHHOCXM npucyxcxByioT y KxineHxa, Ha 6Bioflafl
    3 a M3 MeHeHMSMH B ero (J) H3 MHecKMx omymeHMBX , BbipaxeHM ^ x acJxJjeKTa ,
    KOTHMpMflX M nOBefleHMM.

    LUar 2. OrwcaHne nacxeii IUIHHOCTM KnMema


    06 paxnxe BHUMaHne Bamero icnneHTa Ha cymecTBOBaHMe nacxM ero HMH-
    HOCTM. Coo 6 Lume K/iHeHTy o CMma /ie , Koxopbm Bbi 3 aMexnBM, nxo 6 bi KBM -
    eHT MOT XiyHLLie 0 C 03 HaXb COMaXMHeCKMM , acj) Cj) eKTMBHblM , KOTHMTMBHblM
    MXIM noBefleHHecKHH CMTHan. HanpHMep, ec /in BBI 3 aMexnBn , HXO icnneHT
    CXMCKHBaeX HeJHOCXM , MflTKO npMBJieKMXe BHMM 3 HMe KBkieHXa K 3 X 0 My 4> aK -
    xy. Coo 6 maMxe xonbKO 06 OAHOM Ha 6 /iioAeHMM 3a pa 3 M npoAOHxaMxe He
    enema. BHMMaie/ibHO Ha 6.moAaMxe 3a nyBCXBOM cxbifla H KoppeKXMpyM -
    xe xeMn npopecca B cooxBexcxBHH c noTpe 6 HocxaMM Bamero K/iMeHxa .
    CneAyioiMHe yxBepxfleHMB BBBHKJXCH npHMepaMM Toro, xax Bbi Moxexe
    npeflBOXMXb KJiMeHTy onncaxb onbix pa 6 oxbi c nacxbio ero /IMHHOCXM .

    • FI cribiwy, HXO XOH Bamero ronoca n3 MeHnncfi M ciari 3 Bynaxb no - flexcKM .


    • FI Brixy, HXO Bame norioxeHMe Tena M 3 MeHMB 0 Cb.

    • Kaxeica, BaM ceMHac oneHb xaxe.no CMOxpeTb Ha MeHH.


    • MHe Bfo 6 onbiTHO, HTO npoMcxoflHT, xorfla Bbi [ MATKO o 6pamaeie BHMMa -
    HMe KBMeHTa Ha noBxopaiomMecfl ABMxeHMB , xaxne xax 3 aKpynMBaHMe
    BO/IOC, nonecbiBaHMB MJIM noKycbmaHMe HorreM ],

    • KaxeTca , BaM ceMHac raxe/io flbimaxb.


    192 HacTb 2 ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeiuaTejibCTBa

    • KaxeTcn, BaM cefiHac TpyflHo nyBCTBOBaTb [ rpycTb, 3 /iocTb, cipax , CTbifl].


    • KaxeTCB , HTO Bbi nyBCTByeTe ce 6n noAaB/ieHHbiM CBOMM [ oTnaBHMeM,
    6 e3 HaflexHOCTbio , OAMHOMBCTBOM ].
    • KaxeTCB , HTO cymecTByeT nacTb BaiueM JIMHHOCTH [ xoTopyio Bbi He xoime
    HyBCTBOBaTb , KOTOpafl He XOMeT 6bUb 3 flecb, KOTOpaB He XOHeT pacxpbl -
    BaTbca ].

    • Kaxeica , HTO Bbi roBopme OAHO, a nyBCTByeTe Apyroe.

    • KaxeTCB , HTO Bbi XOTMTe 6 blTb p ^ AOM, HO npM STOW XOTHTe OTTOJIKHyTb
    jiioAeM.

    • MHe KaxeTCB , HTO Bbi cennac nyBCTByeTe ce 6 a M 30nnpoBaHHbiM OT ce 6n.


    • MHe KaxeTCB, HTO Bbi nyBCTByeTe ce 6 a C 6 H M c To /ixy M BaM TpyAHo co -
    CpeAOTOHMTbCB .

    • ft BHxy, HTO Bbi napa /iH 30 BaHbi , npMHMMaa peweHMe.


    • KaxeTca , HTO Bbi xoTMTe 6 biTb npaBbiM B 3TOH CMTyaAMM.
    • ft 3 aMeTn /i, HTO Bbi MeHneTe TeMy KaxAbiM pa 3 , KorAa HanMHaeTe [ rpy-
    CTHTb, TOBOpHTb o TpaBMe ].

    • ft 3aMeHaK , HTO BaM TpyAHo CKa 3 aTb "Hef .


    ) '

    • ft OTMenaio , HTO Bbi ono3 Aa.nn Ha nocneAHMe TpH ceccMH.

    LUar 3. noBbiiuemie oco 3HaHHocTM


    ripeAnoxHTe CBoeMy K /ineHTy yrny6nTb noHHMaHHe AeTa /ien nocpeACTBOM
    MCC /ieAOBaHMB . Kax M BO Bcex BMemaTe/ibCTBax, onncaHHbix B 3TOM XHM -
    re, no/iynnTb pa 3 peweHMe OT iaineHTa , npexAe HeM ymy 6pBTb
    BaxHO
    0 C 03 H 3 HMe H 3 CTM eTO JIMHHOCTH. HcC /ieAyMTe TOJlbXO OAMH Bonpoc 3 a pa 3
    M npoAO/ixairre He enema . BHMMaTe/ibHO Ha 6.niOAaMTe 3 a nyBCTBOM CTbiAa
    M peryjiMpyMTe TeMn nponecca B cooTBeTCTBMM c noTpe 6 HocTBMM Bamero
    KTiMeHTa . Uenbio BTOTO BMemaTe/ibCTBa BB/iHeTca noHMMaHMe HeAOCTaio -
    IAMX nepexMBaHHM M noTpe 6 HocreM nacTM JIMHHOCTH xjineHTa. Kaxmrib -
    KO noTpe 6 HOCTb onpeAejieHa , Bbi MOxeTe noAAepxaTb xjineHTa, HTo 6 bi
    yAOB /ieTBOpMTb 3Ty nOTpe 6 HOCTb B HaCTOBLAMM MOMeHT. Bbi MOxeTe BeCTM
    AMa /ior K/meHTa c nacTbio ero JIMHHOCTH, HTO 6 M yrny 6 nTb 3TO noHHMaHHe
    HeyAOB /ieTBopeHHOM noTpe 6 HOCTH. Ha npoTnxeHMM Bcero npouecca npn -
    cnyiuMBaMTecb K B 03 M 0 XHbiM HeraTMBHbiM XOTHMUMBM , KOTopbie Moiyr
    CTaTb BaxHbiMHLte /iBMM Ha 6 oJiee no3 AHeM 3Tane JieneHMB.
    DiaBa 5 KoMiuiexcHoe nocirpaBMaTHHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTpoiicTBo... 193

    • ToTOBbi /IH Bbi yr/iy6mb CBoe oco3HaHne TOH nacTH ce 6 a , xoTopaa [ He


    xoneT HyBCTBOBaTb, He xoneT 6 biTb 3flecb, noflaB /ieHa , rpycim] ?

    • HeM 3 H3 X0 M 0 BaM 3TO HyBCTBO ?


    • 3Haeie /IH Bbi xaxHe - /iH 6o BocnoMHHaHHB, CBB 3 aHHbie c 3THM nyBCTBOM ?
    • Hacxo/ibxo crapcm nyBCTByeT ce 6n 3Ta nacTb BaiueH /IHHHOCTH ?
    • Kax Bbi OTHOcmecb K 3TOH nac cBoeii /IHHHOCTH ?
    " HTO Bbi flyMaeie 06 3TOH nacTH CBoen /IHHHOCTH ?
    " HTO 3Ta MacTb xoneT BaM coo 6 iflHTb ?
    ripHMenaHHe. Bbi Moxere npnrjiacHTb nacrb / IHHHOCTH Ha pa3roBop HUH

    nocaRHTb ee Ha cBo6opHbin cryn H aecrn c nen pnanor.

    • Kax Bbi flyMaeie , B HeM cennac 6 o /ibwe Bcero HyxflaeTca 3Ta nacTb Ba -
    LLieH /IHHHOCTH ?

    .
    flpHMeHaHHe ECJIH KnneHT He Moxer ccpopMy / iHpoBaTb KaKHe -nn6o B03 -
    MOXHbie norpe6HOCTH 3TOH nacTH ero /IHHHOCTH , npepnoxHTe necKonbKO
    BapnaHTOB, cnpocHB, Hyxflaercfi /IH a / a Hac / b B noppepxKe, 3 am,me H / IH
    B TOM , HTo6 bi ee ripocro yBHpe/ in. flpoponxaHTe 3 apaBaTb Bonpocbi Mep -
    neHHo , HTo6bi He neperpyxa / b K / iHema.

    • HyxflaeTcn m 3Ta nacTb BaweH /IHHHOCTH B noflflepxxe ?

    • HyxHO m 3 aiflHiflaTb 3Ty nacTb Baiuen /IHHHOCTH ?


    • 3ia nacTb xoneT 6biTb BHAHMOH H /IH xoneT cnpsrraTbCfl ?

    War 4. PejisiuiioHHbie pecypcbi


    Kax To/ibxo x/ineHT CMOxeT onpefle /iHTb noipe 6 HocTH 3TOH nacTH CBoen
    /IHHHOCTH , Bbi MoxeTe HCC /ieflOBaTb, xax 6 biTb noflflep -
    3Ta nacTb MoxeT
    xaHa B paMxax ncHXOTepaneBTHnecxnx OTHOLueHHH. Mcno /ib3 yHTe yT-
    BepflHTe/ibHbie yTBepxfleHH ^ H npefl/ioxHTe x/ineHTy oco 3 HaBaTb /no 6 bie
    coMaTHHecxne , 3 M 0 UH 0 Ha /ibHbie, xorHHTHBHbie H noBefleHHecxne peax -
    UHH. Kax H Ha Bcex 3Tanax 3Toro BMeiuaTe/ibCTBa , npoflBHraHTecb Mefl-
    zieHHo H Hcc /ieflyHTe To /ibxo Te yTBepxfleHHfl , xoTopbie HMeioT oTHowe -
    Hne x npopeccy x/ineHTa . EC /IH noipe 6 HOCTb x/ineHTa He cooTBeTcmyeT
    xapaxTepy ncHXOTepaneBTHnecxnx OTHOiueHHH , MoxeT oxa 3 aTbcn Heo 6 -
    XOflHMblM HaHTH a /lbTepHaTHBHyiO BepCHIO 3TOH nOTpe 6 HOCTH, xoTopyx/
    194 Hacrb 2 ricuxoTepancHTHHccKHC BMeiuaTeJibCTBa

    MOXHO yflOB /ieTBopHTb TepaneBTMnecKM. HanpuMep, ec;iM K /iMem xoneT


    CBepHyTbC 9 Ka /iannKOM y Bac Ha KO/ieHHX , Bbi Moxeie noHBTb , HTO KJiMeHT
    xoneT nyBCTBOBaTb ce 6 a p flOM c BaMM. 3 aTeM nonpocme K /iMeHTa OTBe -
    ^
    THTb, ydpaHBaeT /in ero , ec /iM Barn cry/i 6yflei CTOHTb nyTb 6/iMxe K HeMy,
    noflnepKHyB, HTO Bbi Haxoflmecb PHAOM. 3TO noMoxeTyAOB/ieTBopMTb Hey -
    flOBJieTBopeHHyio noipe 6 HOCTb, He BbixoAfl 3 a KaKne - /in 6 o HeflonycTMMbie
    rpaHMUbi. C^ eAyiomMe yTBepxASHMH npeACTaBJinioT CO 6 OM npMMep TOTO ,
    Kax Bbi Moxeie npeA -noxMTb penauMOHHbm pecypc .

    FI rOTOB ...
    - C /ieAHTb 3 a TeM, xax Bbi nepexMBaeie CBOM nyBCTBa
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    - BbITb c BaMM
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    - 3 amMLAaTb Bac
    - llpeAOCTaBMTb BaM 60/ibUje Mecia
    - ripM 6/iM 3 MTb MOM CTyn K BaiueMy CTyny

    LUar 5. MmerpauMH pecypca


    lloTpaTbTe BpeMB Ha TO , HTo 6 bi noMOHb BameMy K /iMeHTy MHTerpMpoBaTb
    pe/iHpMOHHbiM pecypc , noAaepKHyB npM STOM omymeHMe , KOTopoe co -
    npoBOXAaeT HOBbm permuMOHHbiM onbiT. B 3TOM nacTM BMewaTe /ibCTBa
    npeA -naraioTcn yTBepxAeHMn , KOTopbie noMoryT K /iMeHTy 3 aKpenMTb nio -
    6 bie no /ioxMTe /ibHbie M 3 MeHeHMB . BbmcHMTe BMecTe co CBOMMM KJIMEH -
    TaMM, KaK 3T0T HOBbIM OnbiT OTHOLUeHMM MOXeT nOMOHb MM B XM 3 HeHHblX
    CMTyauMHX 3 a npeAe /iaMMoc}) Mca. no /ioxMTe /ibHbiM onbiT MOXHO ycM /iMTb
    c noMoiAbK) KopoTKMX cepMM npoueAypbi BLS/ DAS OT Tpex AO nHTM pa 3
    no 8-15 cexyHA. YTBepxAeHMa 6yAyT cneuMcj) MHHbi A -fifl Bamero K /iMeHTa
    M Bbi 6 paHHoro BaMM pe miMOHHoro pecypca . C /ieAyiomMe yTBepxAeHMH
    ^
    HB /iaioTca npMMepaMM TOTO , IOK Bbi MOxeTe noMOHb K /iMeHTy MHTerpMpo -
    BaTb pecypc.
    • FI noHMMaio , TO , HTO Bbi cennac McnbiTa /iM B STOM Ka 6 MHeTe , CMnbHO OT -
    jiMHaeTCB OT TpaBMbi , KOTopyio Bbi McnbiTa /iM B ASTCTBe. CAenaMTe nay3y,
    HT06bl npOCK 3 HMpOBaTb CBOe Te/10 CBOMM C 03 H 3 HMeM . KaKMe c}) M 3 MHe -
    cKMe omyuieHMfl Bbi McnbiTbiBaeTe cennac ?
    DiaBa 5 KoMiuieKCHoe iiocTTpaBMaTH'-iecKoe crpeccoBoe paccTpoiicTBO... 195

    " ECAM 6 bi TO , mo Bbi TO /ibKO mo nepexi/mH B OTOM Ka 6 nHeie, c /iym/uiocb


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    DiaBa 5 KoMiuieKCHoe noenpaBMaTHHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTpoftcTBO... 197

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    3TOTO y6e5KflCHHK. CiieflyiOmHH CnHCOK IICTaTHBHblX H n03HTHBHbIX KOTHH -
    PHH npeacTaBJiaeT co6oii Ha6op HexoTopbix H3 Hanfiojiee pacnpocipaHeH -
    HblX KOTHHHHH , KOTOpbie yCBaHBaiOTCfl KJIHeHTaMH C KOMIIJieKCHblM nocT-
    TpaBMaTHHeCKHM CTpeCCOBbIM paCCTpOHCTBOM H TpaBMOH npHBH3aHHOCTH.

    HeraTHBHbie H no3HTHBHbie KorHHUHH npn KOMnjieKCHOM


    nOCTTpaBMaTHHeCKOM CTpeCCOBOM paCCTpOHCTBe
    H TpaBMe npHBB3aHHOCTH
    HezamueHbie mzmu,m no3umu6 Hbie KOZ ma,m
    91 He 3acnymea\o no6 eu 91 3acnymeaio m6 eu
    MHe nezo mo He xeamaem
    -
    MHe docmamowo
    91 He 3ac / iy>KU 6 aio xopoiuezo 913ac / iy>KU 6 aio xopoiuezo
    91 HeeaxeH 91 earnH
    91 He 3acnymea\o cyu ecmeoeamn 913acnymeaio cyw ecmeoeamn
    91 He
    ^
    DOMEH 6 bimb 3decb
    ^
    913acny>KU 6 aio 6 bimb 3decb
    91 He npuHadnexy 91 npimadnexy
    516 ecwM 0 M,en Tenepb n mzy no3a6omumbcn o ce6 e
    91 OdUHOK Tenepb n mzy o6u\ambC 9i c dpyzuMU
    91 ne e 6 e 3onacHocmu e omHOLueHunx Tenepb 6 e 3onacHO nio6 amb a doeepmb
    dpyzuM
    91 deccanen 91 CUJKH
    202 Hacrb 2 ncHxoTepaneBTHMccKHc BMemaTejihCTBa

    He6 e3onacHO ummieamb nyecmea Ceiwac 6 e3omcHO ucmmieamb nyecma


    Mne ece paeHO Mne eaxm
    51 He Mozy HUKOMy doeepmb 5) Mozy 6 bi6 upamb, KO/uy doeepmb
    51 cna6 51 cuneH
    51 He Mozy 3aoiumLimb ce6fl Tenepb a mzy [ Haywmbcn ] 3ainuinamb ce6 n
    51 He /woey Soeepjimb ce6e Tenepb a mzy [ Haymmbcsi ] doeepmb cede
    51 cdenan mo-mo ne max 3mo He MOa euH a
    513ac / iymem cMepmu 513acnymeaio m3HH
    51 He UMeiO 3HCIHeHU5l 51 me® 3 HmeHue
    51 Spyeoii 51 e mpndKe

    OnPE/IEJIEHHE UEJIEH nPM KOMIIJIEKCEfOM


    nOCTTPABMATHHECKOM CTPECCOBOM
    PACCTPOHCTBE M TPABME IIPHBH 3AHHOCTH
    BaacHO noHHMaTb, KaK ycTaHOBHTb ue.nn paHHero pa3BHTHH UJIH ZICCCH -
    cu6 ujiu3auuH u nepepa6oTKH EMDR -Tepanuu . Y HeKOTopbix KJiueHTOB
    MoryT 6biTb BocnoMHHaHHH , couep camue Hcrene o6pa3bi CBH3aHHbie
    ^
    C paHHHM UeTCTBOM . B 3THX CJiyHaUX M 05KH0 HCn 0JIb30BaTb CTBH /iapTHblH
    npoTOKOJi. OflHaKO aoBepSajibiibie CO6MTHH He coxpaHHfOTcu B BHUC SKC -
    njiuuHTHbix BocnoMHHaHHU u uacTO Tpe6yiOT ajibTepHaTHBHoro nouxoua

    K onpeuejieHHK) uejieii. B STOM cjiyuae ncHXOTepaneBTbi MoryT noMOHb


    KJiueHTaM oiipeuejiHTb pejiu , ocHOBaHHbie Ha ncropnH , KOTopyro HM pac-
    CKa3ajIH O /[eTCTBe. IlpHMepbl Co6 bITHH , OCHOBaHHbIX Ha UeTCKHX HCTOpH -
    HX , MoryT BKJiio’iaTb B ce6a coo6iueHHe o TOM , HTO OHH 6HJIH He nyxaibiMM
    B ueTCTBe , 3HaHHe o CMepTH HJIH noTepe pouHTejiu Ha nepBOM roay >KH3HH
    HJIH HCTOpHH TpaBMbI, CBH3aHHOH C pOJKfleHHeM. EcJIH B03MOJKHO, KJIHeHT
    MO>KeT npHHeCTH (J)OTOrpa(J) HK) H3 flCTCTBa , KOTOpaa MO CeT CJiyJKHTb Hau -
    ^
    xyuniHM o6 pa30M Ha 3Tane oueHKH. 3aTeM ncHXOTepaneBTbi MoryT nonpo-
    CHTb KJIHeHTOB OTMeTHTb HeraTHBHbie KOTHHUHH , 3MOUHH H COMaTHHeCKHe
    nepeJKHBaHHH , KOTOpbie B03HHKai0T, KOTfla OHH UyMaiOT 06 HCTOpHH HJIH
    CMOTpuT Ha (JioTorpacJiHio. /IpyroH cnoco6 npH6 jiH3HTbcu K 3TOMy npouec -
    —
    cy HaHTH MHUieHb, HanaB C nOCTOHHHOH HeraTHBHOH KOTHHUHH , KOTO-
    pau He pa3peuiHjiacb nocjie TpauuuHOHHOH EMDR -TepanHH. IlpHMepbi
    TBKHX HeraTHBHbIX KOTHHUHH BKJIIOHaiOT THKHe y6e >KzieHHH , KaK “51 He 3a -
    cjiy /KHBaK) cymecTBOBaHHu ”, “51 He aacjiyxiiBaio JHO6 BH HJIH “ MHe 3/iecb
    DiaBa 5 & KoMnjieKCHoe nocnpaBMaTHHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTpoftcTBO... 203

    He MecTo”. IIpH Heo6xoAHMOCTH o6paTHTecb K cnncKy HeraTHBHbix H no-


    3HTHBHbIXKOrHHUHH npH KOMIIJieKCHOM nOCTTpaBMaTHHeCKOM CTpeCCOBOM
    paccTpoHCTBe H TpaBMe npHBH3aHHOCTH. IIcHxoTepaneBTbi TaKace MoryT
    nOMOHb KJIHeHTaM yCTaHOBHTb uejlb Ha OCHOBe CHJIbHbIX ( ) H3HHeCKHX omyJ -
    HJ,eHHH , B03HHKai0 mHX , KOT a OHM AyMaiOT O CBOeM o6cy>K-
    ^
    AaKDT CBOH paHHHe OTHOHieHHH npHBH3aHHOCTH.
    ^eTCTBe HJIH
    IIpHMepaMH (J) H3HHeCKHX
    omymeHHH MoryT 6 biTb TonmoTa , CTecHeHHe B ropjie HJIH 3aTpyAHeHHoe
    £ bixaHHe. K/iHeHT, HAeHTHcjnmHpoBaBiiiHft (J)H3HHecKoe omymeHHe, MOJKCT
    3aTeM onncaTb penpe3eHTaTHBHbift HJIH MeTacJiopHHecKHH o6 pa3, CBH3aH -
    Hyio c HHM HeraTHBHyio KOTHHUHIO H 3MOU,HH , B03HHKai0Hj, He B npoijecce.
    IIcHxoTepaneBTbi TaKJKe MoryT nonpocHTb KjmeHTOB HapncoBaTb KapraH-
    Ky, OTpaacaiomyio nyBCTBO, HJIH co3 aTb H3o6pa2ceHHe HCTOPHH Ha necKe.
    — ^
    D,ejib noHCKa o6pa3a noMOHb nojiynHTb AOCTyn K HeftpoHHoft ceTH na-
    MHTH Rjm /],eceHCH6HJIH3aUHH. BaJKHO OTMeTHTb, HTO o6 pa3bI , CBH3aHHbie
    C AOBep6aJIbHbIMH BOCnOMHHaHHHMH , HBJIHIOTCH penpe3eHTaTHBHbiMH ,
    H MO CeT 6 bITb nOJie3HbIM HanOMHHTb KJIHeHTy, HTO HeT Heo6xOAHMOCTH
    ^
    H B03M0JKH 0CTH HMeTb TOHHOe BOCnOMHHaHHe O AOBep aJIbHbIX BOCnOMH 6 -
    HaHHflX.
    PaccMOTpHM npHMep KJineHTKH, co3/ j,aBmeH uejib Ha OCHOBC HCTOPHH ,
    KOTopyio OHa y3Hajia o CBoeM AeTCTBe. B3pocjian JKeHiijHHa npHinjia Ha ncn-
    xoTepannio, c Tpy OM nozmepjKHBan y OBjieTBopHTejibHbie OTHomeHHH.
    ^ ^
    KjineHTKa onncajia CBOIO MaTb, KOTopan 6bijia TpeBoaoioft H SMOUHOHajibHO
    c/ jepjKaHHOH. KjineHTKa noAejinjiacb, HTO ee MaTb nacTO roBopnjia eft , HTO
    OHA TpyziHbift pe6eHOK , KOToporo HeB03M0JKH0 ycnoKOHTb. IlepBOHaHajibHO
    KjineHTKa npoH3HOCHJia 3TH cjioBa 6e3 KaKoft - jin6o aMOijHOHajibHoft OKpa-

    CKH . O/ jHaico, Kor a ee cnpocnjiH, ecTb JIH y Hee o6 pa3, CBH3aHHbift c HCTO -
    ^
    pneft o TOM , HTO OHa TpyzjHbift pe6eHOK , OHa yBH ejia ce6n B o6pa3e peSeHica,
    ^
    njianymero B nojiHOM OAHHonecTBe. OHa CKa3ajia: HHKTO He 3Haji , icaic no#-
    CTynHTbCH KO MHe , Koma MHe 6BIJIO CTpauiHO H rpycTHo ”. Ee HeraTHBHoft
    KorHHuneft 6bijio y6e>K£eHHe “ H HenpHBJieKaTejibHan ”. OHa oco3Hajia nyB-
    CTBa raeBa H nenajin H nonyBCTBOBajia Hanpn ceHHe B rpyAH, pyicax H ne -
    ^
    JIIOCTH . Oco3HaBan CBOH nyBCTBa, KjineHTKa CMorjia npopa6oTaTb SMOIJHH ,
    CBH3aHHbie c HCTopneft , BO BpeMH zj,eceHCH6HjiH3auHH H nepepa6oTKH. OHa
    co3Aajia KOMaHAy COK>3HHKOB AJIH ce6n KaK pe6eHKa. OHa onjiaKHBajia CBoe
    OAHHonecTBO H c cocTpa aHHeM noBepHyjiacb K ce6e B jxeTCTBe. KnneHTKa
    ^
    noHHJia: “ 3TO HHKorAa He 6 bijio Moeft ouiH6Koft. H 6 bijia npocTO pe6eHKOM.
    H He c ejiajia HHnero njioxoro”.
    ^
    204 Hacn> 2 ncHXOTepaneBTH^ecKHe BMemaTe^bCTBa

    CjieayiomHe Tpn cpeHapHA onpeAejieHHH pejin , “ CiapT c HCTOPHH , CBH -


    3aHHOH C fleTCKOH TpaBMOfl ”, “ CTapT C HeraTHBHOH KOTHHIJHH , CBjmHHOH
    C fleTCKOH TpaBMOH ” H “ CiapT C (J)H3 HMeCKOrO OmymeHHH , CBH3aHHOrO
    c aeTCKoft TpaBMoft ”, noMoraroT ncnxoTepaneBTaM onpeaejuiTb paHHHe AO-
    Bep6ajibHbie HJIH HeBep6ajibHbie uejiH.

    Cu,eHapHH onpeflejieHHH pejiH “ CiapT c HCTOPHH ,


    ”
    CBH3aHHOH C

    McTopMB. rioflyMatiTe 06 MCTOPMM KBMeHTa


    ^[ CTCKOH].TpaBMOH
    Tenepb nonpo 6
    yMTe Bbi 6paTb
    KBIOHeBOe CJIOBO MJIM Cppa 3 y, KOTOpbie COOTBeTCTByiOT 3 TOM MCTOpMM.
    y6eflmecb, HTO Bawe KJitoneBoe CJIOBO pe30Hnpyeic BawMM oiAymeHMeM .
    lloflxoflMTBM Bailie CJIOBO MJIM cppa3a ?
    .
    KapTMHa/o6pa3 Kaxaa Kapimna MJIM o 6pa 3 npeflciaBaqei xyAwee [ KJIKO -
    MeBoe CJIOBO KJiMema ] ? 3ia xapTMHa He o 6 fl 3 aTenbHO AOJixHa 6 biTb pe -
    ajibHOM ,M OHa Moxei BbirjiflfleTb KaxyroAHO.

    HeraTMBHan KOTHMAMB. KorAa Bbi AYMaeTe o [ KJHoneBOM cjiOBe KJiMeHTa ]


    M 3TOM o 6 pa 3 e , xaKMe HeraTMBHbie y 6 exAeHMH o ce 6 e y Bac B 03 HMKaioT ?

    .
    ri03MTMBHaa KOTHMAMB KoTAa Bbl AYMaeTe 0 [ KJlIOMeBOM CJlOBe KJiMeHTa ]
    M 3TOM o 6 pa 3 e , BO HTO 6 bi Bbi xoTejiM BepMTb o ce 6 e ?

    LilKaaa VoC. KorAa BbiAYMaeTe o [ KJHoneBOM cjiOBe KJiMeHTa ], BaweM


    KapTMHe M CJlOBaX [ n 03MTMBHan KOTHMAMfl ], HaCKOJlbKO OHM KaxyTCH BaM
    BepHbiMM no liiKajie OT OAHOTO AO ceMM , rAe eAMHMpa — nojiHan Jioxb,
    a ceMb — nojiHan npaBAa ?

    SMOAMM. KorAa Bbi AYMaeTe o [ KJitoneBOM cjiOBe KJiMeHTa ], BauieM cjjoTorpa -


    4)MM M [ HeraTMBHOM KOTHMAMM ], xaKMe SMOAHM Bbi McnbiTbiBaeTe ceMHac ?
    LLlKajia SUDS, flo LUKajie OT Hyjia AO AOCHTM , rAe Hyjib — HeMTparibHoe
    COCTOHHMe MJIM OTCyTCTBMe 6ecnOKOMCTBa , a AOCBTb — CaMbIM CMJlbHblM
    CTpecc , KOTopoe Bbi MOxeTe ce 6 e npeACTaBMTb, HacKOJibKO STOT MHAMAGHT
    6 ecnoKOMT Bac ceMHac ?
    Te/io. B xaKOM nacTM Tejia Bbi McnbiTbiBaeTe HenpMBTHbie oiAymeHMB ?

    ripuMevaHHe. floc / ie roro, KSK pe/ ib onpepenena, 3 aaepujme araribi pe-


    ceHCM 6MJW 3 au,MM , MHCTannapm H cKaHupoBanm re/ ia pnn Bcex npotu / ibix
    pe/ iefi , rexyipefi penu H mo6 bix rpurrepoB. 3aKOHWTe co3paHneM iua6no -
    Ha 6ypyipero noBepeHttn, uHTerpupytoipero HOByto no3 HTMBHyio KOTHMAM /O.
    DiaBa 5 & KoMnjieKCHoe nocTTpaBMaTMqecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTpoftcTBO. . . 205

    CueHapHH onpeAejieHHa pejiH “CiapT c HeraTHBHofi


    KOrHHU,HH, CBH3aHHOH C fleTCKOH TpaBMOft”

    HeramBHan KOTHMAMB. Bbi noAe/iM /iMCb co MHOM y 6 exAeHMeM, HTO [ He -


    raTUBHaa KOTHMAMB K/inema ] , KOTopoe, no - BHflUMOMy, Bcerfla y Bac 6 bino .

    KapmHa / o 6pa 3. Kaxaa xyAwaa Kapimna MJIM o 6 pa 3 npeACTaBnaeT [ Hera -


    ]
    TMBHyio KOTHMAMIO K/iMema , KOTfla Bbi npeACTaB /iaeie ce 6 a M /iaAeHpeM
    M /IM Ma /ieHbKMM pe 6 em<OM ? 3ia KapTUHa He o 6 B 3 aie /ibHO AonxHa 6 biTb
    pea /ibHon , M OHa MOxeT Bbir/iHAeTb KaK yroAHO .
    rio3iiTiiBHan KOTHMAMH. KorAa Bbi AyMaeie 06 STOM o 6 pa 3 e , BO mo 6 bi Bbi
    xoTe/in Bepmb o ce 6 e ?

    LUxa /ia VoC. KorAa Bbi AyMaeie o [ K/UONGBOM cnoBe KJINEHTA ] , BauieM
    o 6pa 3 e M c /ioBax [ no 3 mnBHan KOTHMAMH ] , HacKO /ibKO OHM KaxyTca BaM
    BepHbiMM no uxa /ie OT OAHOTO AO ceMM , rAe eAMHMua — no /iHan noxb,
    a ceMb — no/iHaa npaBAa ?
    3MOUMM. KorAa Bbi AyMaeie o [ mnoneBOM cnoBe MIMEHTA ] , BarneM o 6 pa 3 e
    M [ HeraTMBHOM KOTHMAMM ] , K 3 KMe 3 M 0 AMM Bbi McnbiTbiBaeie ceMHac ?

    LUxa /ia SUDS, no uxa /ie OT Hyna AO Aecmn, rAe Hynb — Heimpa /ibHoe
    cocTonHMe M /IM OTcyTCTBMe CTpecca , a Aecrnb — caMbm CM /ibHbm cipecc,
    KOTopoe Bbi Moxeie ce 6 e npeACTaBMTb, HacKo /ibKO STOT MHAMAOHT 6 ecno -
    KOMT Bac ceMHac ?

    Te/io. B KaKoPi nacTM Tena Bbi McnbiTbiBaeie HenpMBTHbie oinymeHMsi ?

    npuMe^aHne. Ilocne roro , KaK pe/ ib onpepenena, aaaepujKne aranbi pe-


    ceHCKi 6Kimi 3 apMKi , MHCTannmiMM M CKaHMpoBaHMft Tena pnn Bcex npoujnbix
    penefi , Texyipefi penu M nio6bix rpurrepoB . 3aKOHHMTe co3paHueM wa6no -
    Ha dypyipero noBepeHM , KiHTerpi pytoipero woey/o no3 mmHyio KorHupm.
    ^
    CpeHapHH onpeAejieHHH pejiw “CiapT c (J)H3HHecKHx
    ,
    OmymeHHH CBH3aHHbIX C fleTCKOH xpaBMOH ”
    (pM 3 MHecxoe oiAymeHMe. Bbi paccKa 3 a /iM MHe , HTO nyBCTByeie [ oLAyLAe -
    HMeiena KnneHTa ] , KorAa Mbi roBopnM o [ AGTCKOM MCTOPMM M /IM co 6 biTnn ],
    KapmHa /o 6pa3. Kaxaa xaprnHa M/IM o 6 pa 3 npeACTaB /meT xyALuee [ KXIIO -
    neBoe C/IOBO miMeHTa ] ? 3ia xapTMHa He o 6 a 3 aTe/ibHO AonxHa 6 biTb pe -
    a /ibHon , M OHa MOxeT Bbir/isiAOTb xax yroAHO .
    206 Hacn> 2 IIcHxoTeparieBTH'iecKHC BMemaTejibCTBa

    HeraTMBHafi KorHMpMa . Korfla Bbi flyMaeie 06 3TOM o 6 pa 3e , KaKne Hera -


    TMBHbiey 6 exAeHM « o ce 6 e BOSHMIOIOT y Bac ?
    no3 MTMBHa « KorHMUMfl. KorAa Bbi Aywaeie 06 3TOM o 6 pa 3e , BO mo 6 bi Bbi
    xoTe/in Bepmb o ce 6 e ?
    LLlKajia VoC. KorAa Bbi AywaeTe o [ K /iKmeBOM crioBe K /inema ] , BaiueM
    o 6 pa 3e c /ioBax
    M [ no 3 HTMBHan KomMpMa ] ,
    HacKO /ibKO OHH Kaxyicn BaM
    BepHbiMM no LUKa /ie OT OAHOTO AO ceMM , rAe eAMHupa —
    noiman noxcb ,

    —
    a ceMb normaa npaBAa ?
    SMOUMM . KorAa Bbi AyMaeie o [ K/HOMOBOM crioBe K/ineHTa ] , BaweM o 6 pa 3e
    M [ HeraTMBHOM KOTHMAMM ] , KaKMe 3 MOL; MM BN ncnbiTbiBaeie cePiMac ?

    LUxa /ia SUDS. Ilo


    cocToaHMe MTIM oTcyTCTBMe
    LUKa /ie OT Hyna AO AecaTM , rAe Hy/ib
    OecnoKOMcma , a AecaTb caMbm cunbHbm —
    — Hempa /ibHoe

    CTpecc , KOTopoe BN Moxeie ce 6 e npeACTaBMTb , HacKO /ibKO 3T0T m-mMAeHT


    6ecnoKOMT Bac ce aac ?
    Tejio
    ^
    . B KaKOM nacTM Te/ia BN ncnbubiBaeie HenpuaTHbie omymeHMa ?
    npuMenaHne. flocne roro , xax pejib onpepe/ ieHa , 3 aBepuwTe aranbi pe -
    ceHCM 6Hnn3apMM , MHCTajuiftpuM v\ CKdHupoBaHMft re / ia PJIH Bcex npomiibix
    peneii , Texyipeti u,enw w iuo6 bix rpurrepoB . 3aKOHWTe co3panxieM inabno -
    Ha SypyLpero noBepemw , HHTerpupytomero Hoeyro no3 MTMBHyio xorHupm .

    OIIPEZIEJIEHHE UEJIM IIPH HACJIE£ CTBEHHOM


    TPABME nPHBH 3AHHOCTM
    y AeTeft , po5KAeHHbix OT JIIOACH , nepeacHBiunx ncnxoJion iaecKyio TpaBMy -
    c Hepa3pemeHHbiM nocTTpaBMaxu'iecKHM cipeccoBbiM paccTpoficTBOM, Be -
    poriTHocTb pa3BHTHH nocTTpaBMaTHHecKoro CTpecca Bbiine, Koraa OHH eraji-
    KHBaioTca c TpaBMHpyiomHM 5KH3HeHHbiM co6biraeM \Yehuda , 2008]. 3Ta
    nepe/iaaa pncKa MoxceT 6biTb UHKJIOM , KOTOPHH TpyAHO pa3opBaTb. OAHHM
    6
    H3 CaMbIX CHJIbHbIX CnOCo oB nepeflaHH TpaBMbI H3 IIOKOJieHHH B nOKOJieHHe
    aBjiHeTca paHHHH npHBH3aHHOCTb. 3TO CBB3aHO c TeM, HTO paHHee OOTUCHHC
    o npHBB3aHHOCTH B OCHOBHOM HeeepOajibHoe, a TOH rojioca, BbipaxceHHe
    .Tima H H3bIK Tejia CH.TbHO 3aBHCHT OT ITOCTTpaBMaTHHeCKOTO CTpeCCOBOTO
    paccTpoftcTBa. Ilo cjiOBaM TpoHHKa [ Tronick , 2007], Hamn caMbie paHHHe
    CHCTeMbI naMHTH OHeHb BOCnpHHMHHBbI K B03fleHCTBHIO BbipaJKOHITH THeBa,
    cTpaxa HJIH HeBbipa3HTejibHoro HenoflBHACHoro Jirnia AenpeccHBHofi MaTepn.
    DiaBa 5 KoMiuieKCHoe nocrrpaBMaTHHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTpoftcTBO... 207

    B HeKOTOpbIX CeMeHHbIX CHCTeMaX , B KOTOpbIX He npHHHTO TOBOpHTb


    o npomjiOM, ncHxojiorHHecKan TpaBMa AepacHTcn B ceKpeTe. HanpoTHB,
    HeKOTopbiepo MoryT Henpe HaMepeHHO noABepraTb
    HTejiH jxejeu npe3-
    ^ ^
    MepHOMy B03 eHCTBHK) HaCTbIX nepeCKa30B HJIH BOCnpOH3BeACHHft TpaBM
    ^ B TaKHX CHTyaiJHHX pO
    H3 npomjioro. MOryT AaTb nOHHTb, HTO MHp
    ^
    He6e3onaceH. HHor a npoHexoAHT CMeHa pojieft ,
    HTejIH

    ^
    ce6n OTBeTCTBeHHbiMH 3a 6 poAHTejieft.
    ojib
    AGTH nyBCTByiOT
    icoiyja

    PaccMOTpuM npHMep aceHmHHbi, KOTopan npHimia Ha ncHxoTepanHio


    c nocjiepoflOBoii AenpeccHeft. OHa noAejmjiacb, HTO BocnHTaHne ee me-
    CTHMeCHHHOft AOHepH BbI3BajIO CHJIbHyiO HeyBepeHHOCTb B ee CnOCo6HOCTH
    6biTb xopomeft MaMoft. C6op aHaMHe3a c aKijeHTOM Ha HacjieACTBeHHocrb
    BbiHBHji TpaBMHpyiomHe co6 biTHH , nepe>KHTbie ee poAHTejraMH , 6a6yniKoft

    H AGAyuiKOH. Ilo cjiOBaM KJiHeHTKH , OHa nacre nyBCTBOBajia, HTO ee MaTb OT -


    ajiHjiacb OT Hee, H 6o uiacb noBTOpHTb STO CO CBoeft Aonepbio. OHa TaK Ke
    ^ *
    no ejiHjiacb, HTO ee 6a6yniKa norH6 jia B aBTOKaTacTpoc|)e, Kor a MaMe 6BIJI
    ^
    ^
    Bcero TOR. K/iHeHTKa pa3MbimjiHJia o CBoeM co6cTBeHHOM onbiTe BocnHTa-
    ^
    HHH Aonepn H o TOM , HTO HHorAa eft npocTO xoTejiocb “ yft ”. K/iHeHTKa no-
    nyBCTBOBajia , KaK BHyTpn Hee HapacTaeT rjiy6oKan nenajib. OHa onncajia ,
    KaK y Hee OKHMaeTcn ropjio H 6OJIHT cep/me. Bo BpeMH AeceHCH6 HJiH3auHH
    H nepepa6oTKH KJiHeHTKa npopa6oTajia rope, CBH3aHHoe c noTepeft MaTepH.
    OHa onncajia nyBCTBO conyBCTBHH K CBoeft MaTepH, H B pe3yjibTaTe araro
    npoijecca KJiHeHTKa onncajia omymeHHe, KaK TH cejibift rpy3 cnaAaeT c ee
    ^
    rpy H H njien. OHa CKa3ajia: 3TO 6biJia He MOH BHHa H He BHHa Moeft MaTe-
    ^
    PH . OHa yBHAejia ce6n B KanecTBe MaTepH B HOBOM CBeTe H o6 Hapy>KHjia
    rjiy6oKoe cejiaHHe ycTaHOBHTb oTHomeHHH c co6cTBeHHoft Aonepbio.
    ^
    B paMKax EMDR-TepanHH pa6oTa c HacjieACTBeHHoft TpaBMoft BKJHO-
    naeT B ce6n pa3MbinuieHHe o ceMeftHOM npoHCxoacAeHHH KjiHeHTa , OAHO-
    BpeMeHHo no6y}KAaH KjiHeHTa BHHMaTejibHO OTHOCHTBCH K omymeHHHM ,
    y6e^CAGHHHM H 3MOAHHM. ncHxoTepaneBTbi MoryT Hcnojib30BaTb reHe-
    aJIOrHHeCKOe ApeBO AJIH BblflBJieHHH HCTOpHHeCKHX TpaBM , KOTOpbie no-
    BJIHHJIH Ha poAHTejieft , 6a6ymeK H AeAyuieK , a TaK ce AAH H3yneHHH TeM
    ^
    pa3Hbix noKOJieHHft [ Heber & Alter - Reid , 2017]. KpoMe Toro, AJIH yrjiy6 jie-
    HHH nOHHMaHHH KJIHeHTOM CHMOTOMOB, CBH3aHHbIX C CeMeftHbIM aHaMHe -
    30 M , MO CHO HcnoAb30BaTb cjieAyiotuiHft HHCTpyMeHT A IH c6opa aHaMHe3a,
    ^ ^
    “ UccjieAOBaHHe HacjieACTBeHHoft npHBH3aHHOCTH ”. Ha6 jiiOAaftTe 3a co-
    MaTHHeCKHMH H a( j)(])eKTHBHbIMH CHTHaJiaMH , HTo6 bI aAanTHpOBaTb TeMn
    3THX BonpocoB K noTpe6HOCTHM Barnero KjiHeHTa. PeryjinpHO npoBepnftTe
    208 Hacn> 2 IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    y KJiHeHTa ocBeAOMjieHHOCTb 06 omymeHHHx H a(f )4)eKTax. Ci eHapHH


    ^
    onpe ejieHHH uejieft “ CiapT c HCTOPHH noicojieHHH ” noMoraeT ncnxoTepa -
    ^
    neBTaM pa3pa6aTHBaTb ijejm Ha ocHOBe ceMeftHbix HCTOPHH KJIHCHTOB.

    .
    HHCTpyMeHT ZJJIJI c6opa aHaMHe3a: HCCJie
    ^oBaHHe
    HaCJieACTBeHHOH IipHBH3aHHOCTH
    • KaKMMM c /iOBaMM Bbi 6 bi onMcajiM fleTCTBO BaujeM Maiepn ? KTO 6 bi /i B ee
    ceMbe ? Tfle OHM XMJIM ? MTO BBI 3Haeie o CBOMX 6 a 6yiuKe M AeflyuJKe
    no Maiepi/iHCKOM JIMHMM M pacwMpeHHOM ceMbe ? BbuiM JIM y HMX cepbe3 -
    Hbie TpyflHOCTM ?

    • KaKMMM C/I0 B 3 MM Bbi 6 bi onMcajiM fleTCTBO Baiuero oma ? KTO 6 NJI B ero
    ceMbe ? Tfle OHM XMJIM ? HTO Bbi 3Haeie o CBOMX 6 a 6ywKe M fleflyiiiKe
    no OTHOBCKOM JIMHMM M pacuiMpeHHOM ceMbe ? BbuiM JIM cepbe3 Hbie Tpyfl-
    HOCTM , C KOTOpblMM OHM CTOJIKHyjlMCb ?

    • Edb /lM y Bac AonoJiHMTejibHbie ocHOBHbie onexyHbi ? KaKMMM CJIOB 3 MM


    Bbi 6 bi onMca /iM MX ASTCTBO ? OnMiiiMTe cociaB MX ceMbM. TAe OHM XMJIM ?
    HTO Bbi 3 HaeTe 06 MX pacuuMpeHHOM ceMbe ? BbmM JIM y HMX cepbe3 Hbie
    TpyAHOCTM ?

    • Pa3 MblLUJIBB HaA MCTOpMeM CBOePi ceMbM, KBKMe 33 K 0 H 0 MepH 0 CTM Bbi 3 a -
    MenaeTe , nojioxMTejibHbie MJIM OTpMAaTejibHbie ?

    • H 3 BecTHbi JIM BaM KaKMe - jiM 6 o nairepHbi TpaBM npMBB 33 HH 0 CTM , nepe -
    AaiOLAMecB M 3 noKOJieHMB B noKOJieHMe ?

    Cn,eHapHii onpeAejieHHH u,ejm “ CTapT c HCTOPHH noicojieHHH ”


    .
    Mdopuji lloAyMaMTe 06 MCTOPMM [ noKOJieHMM ceMbM KJiMeHTa ]. Tenepb
    nonpo 6yMTe Bbi 6 paTb KJnoneBoe CJIOBO MJIM cppa3 y, KOTopbie cooTBeTCTBy-
    K3T 3T0 M MCTOpMM . V 6 eAHTeCb, MTO BaLUe KJlIOMeBOe CJIOBO pe30 HMpyeT
    c BaujMM oiAymeHMeM. rioAxoAMT JIM Bawe CJIOBO MJIM cf) pa 3 a ?
    KapTMHa / o 6pa 3. Kaxaa KapTMHa MJIM o 6 pa 3 npeACTaBJiBeT xyAiuee [ KJUO -
    neBoe CJIOBO KJiMeHTa ] ? 3Ta KapTMHa He o 6B 3 aTejibHo AOJixHa 6 biTb pe -
    ajibHOM. OHa MOxeT BbirjiBAeTb KaKyroAHO.

    HeraTMBHaq KOTHMAMB . KorAa Bbi AyMaeTe 06 STOM o 6 pa 3 e , KaKMe Hera -


    TMBHbie y6 exAeHMB 0 ce 6 e y Bac B 03 HMKai0T?

    l"l 03MTMBHafl KOTHMAMB . KoTAa Bbi AyMaeTe 06 3T0 M o 6 pa 3 e , BO MTO 6 bl Bbi


    xoTejiM BepMTb o ce 6 e ?
    DiaBa 5
    ^ KoMnjieKCHoe nocTTpaBMaTunecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccxpoHCTBO... 209

    LUica /ia VoC. Korfla Bbi AyMaeie o [ icnioMeBOM CAOBe K/inema], BameM
    o 6 pa 3e M c /iOBax [no3 MTMBHafl KOTHMAMA ], HacKO/ibKO OHM KaxyTca BaM
    BepHbiMM no LUKa e OT OAHOTO AO ceMM, rAe eAHHMAa — nojiHaa Aoxb,
    ^
    a ceMb — no/iHan npaBAa ?
    SMOUMM. KorAa Bbi AyMaeie o [ icnfoneBOM cnoBe KJiMeHTa ], BaiueM o 6pa3e
    M [ HeraTMBHOM KOTHMAMM ] , K3 KMe 3 M 0 AMM Bbi McnbiTbiBaeTe ceMnac ?

    UJKaJia SUDS, no urno /ie OT HYAH AO AOCHTM, rAe HyAb — HeMTpaAbHoe


    cocTOHHMe M /IM OTcyTCTBMe dpecca, a AecflTb — caMbm CMAbHbm cipecc ,
    KOTopoe Bbi Moxeie ce 6 e npeACTaBMTb, HacKO /ibKO 3TOT MHAMAOHT 6 ecno -
    KOMT Bac ceMHac ?

    Te/io. B KaKOM HacTM TeAa Bbi McnbiTbiBaeTe HenpMHTHbie omyLAeHMn ?

    .
    flpHMenaHHe Ilocfie roro, KaK u,enb onpe/ie/ ieHa, 3aBepujMTe aranbi fle-
    CeHCM 6MJlM 3 aU,MM , MHCTa/WLlMM V\ CKaHMpOBaHMfl Tend flJIB Bcex npOLB / lblX
    pe/iefi , TeKymefi penw v\ n\o6 bix rpurrepoB. Sa /coHwre co3flaHMeM LiiaS/ io -
    Ha Syayiuero noBejieHMa, MHTerpupyionero HOByio no3v\ rv\ BHy\o Korn m o.
    ^ ^
    nCHXOBHOJIOrHHECKAH PErYJIHUHH
    nPH ECEHCHBHJm3 AUMH
    ^
    MjiaAeHUbi H MajieHbKne ACTH noAaraiOTCA Ha BHenmee peryjiHpoBaHHe
    , 6 6
    CO CTOpOHbl OneKyHOB ATo bI yAOBJieTBOpHTb CBOH OCHOBHbie nOTpe HOCTH
    , 6e3onacHOCTH, Tenjie, 3a6oTe H 3amHTe. ECJIH B STOT nepnoA pa3BH-
    B ejxe
    THA npoHexoAHT acecTOKoe o6pameHHe HAH npeHeSpexeHHe, (})H3HOAorHA
    MJiaACHu,eB HJIH AeTen MAaAinero B03pacTa MOACCT Jienco CTaTb HeperyAH-
    pyeMOH, HTO npHBeACT K HapymeHHHM TOHyca SAyacAaiomero HepBa, KOTO -
    poe Ha6AK>AaeTCH npn COCTOAHHAX noBbimeHHOH B036yAHM0CTH CHMnaTH-
    necKOH HAH rHnoB036yACAeHHOH napacHMnaTHAecKOH HepBHOH cHcxeMbi.
    ECAH AHcperyAHUHOHHbie COCTOAHHA C TeneHHeM BpeMeHH coxpaHAiOTCA,
    pe6eHOK noABepraeTCA 6oAbineMy pncxy pa3BHTHA AHCCounaTHBHbix CHM-
    nTOMOB H CBH3 aHHbIX C HHMH COMaTHHeCKHX HapyilieHHH, TBKHX KaK Olljy -
    meHHe rOAOBOKpyACeHHH, nOKaAbIBaHHA, OHeMeHHA, rOAOBOKpyACeHHA HAH
    TOHIHOTbl. BcnOMHHTe, HTO HaiHH CaMbie paHHHe BOCnOMHHaHHA He ABAA -
    IOTCA HH Bep6aAbHbIMH, HH o 6pa3HbIMH. 3TH HHMAHIJHTHbie BOCnOMHHa-
    HHA yAepACHBaiOTCA KaK ncHxocJ)H3HOAorHHecKoe B036y)KAeHHe H a(JxJ)eK -
    THBHbie COCTOAHHA. 3TH npOIjeAypHbie HAH HMnAHAHTHbie BOCnOMHHaHHA
    210 Hacrb 2 & IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeiuaTejibCTBa

    cjiyacaT OCHOBOH ji; jra omymaeMoro caMoomymeHHn , KOTopoe Mo ceT co-


    ^
    XpaHHTbCH BO B3POCJIOH 5KH3HH.
    Bo BpeMH ncHxoTepanHH KJIHeHTbl MoryT npojjojDKaTb HcnbiTbiBaTb IHH -
    poKHH cneKTp (J) H3HOJiorHHecKHx HapymeHHH peryjinijHH, He oco3HaBan
    nepBonpHHHHy CBOHX CHMHTOMOB. Ha MHTKOM KOHije mxajibi jjHCCOHHaijHH
    KJIHeHTbl MOryT npOHBJIHTb paCCeHHHOCTb HJIH yCTaJIOCTb. OHH MOryT MHO-
    roKpaTHO 3eBaTb, y HHX CHHJKeH nocTypajibHbiH TOHyc HJIH OHH coo6maiOT,
    HTO nyBCTByiOT 3aTyMaHeHHOCTb co3HaHHH. Ha 6ojiee cepbe3HOM KOHije
    3TOH IHKaJIbl KJIHeHTbl MOiyT HyBCTBOBaTb Ce6fl H30JIHp0BaHHbIMH OT CBO -
    ero|c )H3HHecKoro Tejia H OMOUHOHajibHbix nepeacHBaHHH HJIH OTOpBaHHbi-
    MH OT peaJIbHOCTH. KJIHeHTbl C AHCCOHHaTHBHblM nOBejjeHHeM HyJKflaiOTCfl
    B JIOnOJIHHTeJIbHOH nOMOIIJiH flJIfl nO/mepacaHHfl COCTOHHHH £ BOHHOTC) co-
    3HaHHH Ha 3Tane £eceHCH6HjiH3aijHH.
    KaK npaBHjio, Kor/na y RJIHCHTOB B03HHKaeT 3acTOH nepepa6oTKH,
    EMDR -TepaneBTbi MoryT ncnojib30 BaTb KOTHHTHBHbie nepenjieTeHHH,
    npejyiaran KJineHTaM nojiyMaTb o CBOHX nepe^cHBaHHHx Tax , HTO6BI 6po-
    CHTb BBI30B JKeCTKHM CTepeOTHnaM MbllHJieHHH HJIH npejJJIOaCHTb HOBblH
    cnoco6 BoenpHHTHH HX CHTyaijHH. HanpHMep , ncHXOTepaneBT MOJKCT
    npejyio KHTb:
    ^ ECJIH 6 BI STO 6BIJI Bam peSeHOK , HTO 6 bi Bbi eMy cKa3ajin? ”
    [ Shapiro , 2018]. KpoMe TOTO, ncHXOTepaneBTbi Hcnojib3yiOT nepenjieTeHHH ,
    HTo6 bI nOMOHb KJIHeHTy ZIHCTaHUiHpOBaTbCH OT TpeBO)KHbIX BOCnOMHHaHHH
    [ Shapiro , 2018]. HanpHMep, ncHXOTepaneBT MOJKCT npejyio>KHTb KJineHTy
    Hcnojib30 BaTb MeTacJiopy: OH CHJJHT B noe3 jie H CMOTPHT B OKHO, Ha 6 jno-
    JXan 3a npOHCXOJlHmHM TpeBOJKHbIM Co6bITHeM, HJIH CMOTpHT H3JiaJieKa
    Ha TpeBOJKHoe co6brrae, noKa3aHHoe Ha KHHoaKpaHe. K STOMy H3o6pa^ce-
    HHK) MOJKHO #o6aBHTb npOCMOTp KHHOOKpaHa H3 npOeKIJHOHHOH 6yflKH
    B 3aj HeH nacTH KHHOTeaTpa
    * c B03M0JKH0CTbi0 ocTaHaBjiHBaTb H 3anycKaTb
    (JiHjibM no acejiaHHio [ Knipe , 2015].

    ncHXOTepaneBTbi Tame MoryT noMonb KJineHTaM nojmep^KHBaTb JJBOH -


    Hoe co3HaHHe , Hcnojib3yn nepenjieTeHHn , ocHOBaHHbie Ha OTHOineHHnx ,
    ceHCopax H noompniomHx JlBHJKeHnnx [ Lanius & Paulsen , 2014; Lobenstine
    & Courtney , 2013; Paulsen & Lanius, 2009]. 3TH BMeinaTejibCTBa npHMeHH -
    IOT Haine noHHMaHHe HeHpo(]? H3HOJiorHH ncHxojiorHnecKOH TpaBMbi H no-
    jiHBarajibHOH TeopHH K jieneHHio. 3 ecb ncHXOTepaneBT HacTpaHBaeTcn
    ^
    Ha OKHO TOJiepaHTHocTH KJineHTa , HaSjnojiaH 3a jno6 biMH coMaTHnecKHMH
    CHinajiaMH , KOTopbie yKa3biBaiOT Ha rnnep- HJIH rHnoB036y cjiieHHe. KpoMe
    ^
    TOTO, co6cTBeHHan TejiecHan oco3HaHHOCTb ncHXOTepaneBTa no3BOJineT
    DiaBa 5 /S? KoMnjieKCHoe nocrrpaBMaTHHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTpoftcTBO... 211

    eMy BOCnpHHHMaTb CBOH J


    ( ) H3HHeCKHe OmyilieHHH B KaneCTBe B03M0tfCHbIX
    HH HKaTOpOB TOrO , HTO npOHCXO HT C KJIHeHTOM. IIo Mepe HeoSxO/tHMO-
    ^ ^
    CTH ncHxoTepaneBTbi MoryT MO/ jejmpoBaTb / yin KJineHTa peryjmpyiomee
    noBe eHMe nocpe CTBOM AbixaHHH H flBHaceHHH. riepBOHanajibHO ncHxo -
    TepaneBT
    ^ ^
    o6ecnenHBaeT BHeniHee ncHxoSnojiormecKoe peryjmpoBaHHe,
    Hcnojib3yH coijHajibHyio HepBHyio CHCTeMy KJineHTa nepe3 jjoBepHTejib-
    Hbie OTHomeHHH , KOTopbie npe nojiaraiOT TeimoTy, HCKpeHHOCTb H no-
    cjieAOBaTejibHOCTb. 3TO
    ^
    BKJnonaeT B ce6n co3HaiejibHoe Hcnojib30 BaHHe

    3pHTejibHoro KOHTaKTa H ncnojib30BaHHe rojioca B KanecTBe HHCTpyMeHTa


    /yin BoccTaHOBjieHHH IIcHxoTepaneBTbi TaK^Ce IIOMO-
    pejimjHOHHOH CBH3H.
    raiOT KJIHeHTaM nOftKJIIOHHTbCH K HX COUHaJIbHOH HepBHOH CHCTeMe , nOMO-
    ran HM nyBCTBOBaTb ce6n B 6e3onacHocra H opHeHrapoBaTbcn B TeKymeM
    MOMeHTe. Co BpeMeHeM KJineHTbi MoryT pa3BHTb caMoco3HaHne CBOHX
    Co6cTBeHHbIX TOHKHX IipH3HaKOB ftHCperyjIHI], HH. HanpHMep, paHHHM npH-
    3HaKOM AHCTpeCCa MO )KeT 6 bITb HyBCTBO pa3Apa CHTeJIbHOCTH , H3MeHeHHe
    ^
    AbixaHH^ , CTecHeHne B >KejiyflKe HJIH noTepn BHHMaHHH. ECJIH Kjmemu
    cnoco6 Hbi pacno3HaBaTb He6ojibinHe H3MeHeHHH B Tejie, OHM MoryT jiynme
    sa eHCTBOBaTb pecypcbi, npe^c e neM OHM 6yzjyT noAaBjieHbi HJIH JJHCCOUH-
    ^
    HpOBaHbl.
    ^
    B HeKOTopbix cjiynanx Heo6xoAHMO Bbi6paTb ran npoye ypbi BLS/ DAS,
    KOTopbiii KJiHeHT Hcnojib3yeT jyia nepepa6oTKH. K/meHTbi, KOTopbie Haxo-
    ^
    HTCH Bbiine CBoero OKHa TepnHMOcra B COCTOHHHH THnepB036 y)KAeHHH
    ^
    CHMnaTHHecKOH HepBHOH cHCTeMbi , MoryT 6 biTb nepenojiHeHbi nyBCTBaMH ,
    KOTopbie B03HHKai0T CJIHIHKOM 6 bICTpO. OHH MOryT CTaTb 3JIHMH, B3BOJI -
    HOBaHHblMH , 3aiII,HmaiOmHMHC5I HJIH TpeBO KHblMH. 3
    ^ KJIHeHTbl MOiyT
    3a6biTb, HTO y HHX ecTb CTon -cnrHaji , HJIH 3a6 biTb , icaic HM nojib30BaTbcn.
    HTo6bi npejiOTBpaTHTb nepenojiHeHHe RJIHCHTOB 3MOIIHHMH , MOJKCT 6biTb
    nojie3HbiM noompHTb RJIHCHTOB epacaTb rjia3a OTKpbiTbiMH , ecjiH OHH He
    ^
    Hcnojib3yiOT ABH ceHHH rjia3 jyin BbinojmeHHH npoueziypbi BLS DAS.
    /
    ^
    OrapbiTbie rjia3a MoryT o6 jieraHTb oco3HaHHe TeKymero MOMeHTa H yKpe-
    nHTb peJIHUHOHHyiO CBH3b, HTo6 bI nOBbICHTb HyBCTBO 6e30 naCH0CTH H 3a -
    3eMJieHHH. 3TO MO CHO c/ jejiara c JIIO6OH (J) opMOH npou;e/i,ypbi BLS/ DAS.
    ^
    HanpoTHB, KJiHeHTbi, HaxozjnmHecfl nn^ce OKHa TOJiepaHTHOCTH B nmoB03-
    6y^cjj,eHHOM napacHMnaranecKOM COCTOHHHH , MoryT 6biTb 3M0UH0HajibH0
    OTKJIIOHeHHbIMH , HanpHMep, HyBCTBOBaTb ce6n 3aMKHyTbIMH , OHeMeBIHHMH ,
    yTOMJieHHbIMH HJIH nO aBJieHHblMH. 3THM KJIHeHTaM MO)KeT nOTpe6oBaTbCH
    ^
    6ojibine BpeMeHH, HTO6BI npHCJiymaTbcn K CBOHM nyBCTBaM H (J)H3HHecKHM
    212 HacTb 2 ncHxoTepaneBTHHecKne BMemaTejibCTBa

    omymeHHHM. MHor a STHM KJineHTaM noMoraiOT oneHb KopoTKHe cepHH


    ^
    BLS/ DAS, HTO6M H36ejKaTb zjHccouHaiiHH. HHorjja #HccoijHa-
    ^
    npoiie ypbi
    THBHblH KJIHeHT M 05KCT HanaTb CHHTaTb KOJIHHeCTBO Hepe OBaHHH BO BpeMH
    BbinojiHeHra
    ^
    npoiieAypbi BLS/ DAS. ECJIH 3TO nponcxoAHT, KJIHCHT, Bepo-
    HTHO, ocymecTBJi eT HHTejuieKTyajiH3anHio H 3amHmaeTcn OT
    ^ nponecca.
    Mo^ceT OKa3aTbCH HeodxojjHMbiM HpeKTHBHbie yTBep e-
    HHHo HacTpoHKe. HanpHMep, ecjm
    Hcnojib30 BaTb

    RJIHCHT
    ^
    pa3MbimjiHeT H
    ^
    OTKjnonaeTcn

    OT nyBCTB, noMorHTe nepeHanpaBHTb BHHMaHHe Ha Tejio MejKjjy cepnnMH


    npou:eziypbi BLS/ DAS, cKa3aB: “ Kaicne (J> H3HHecKne omymeHHH Bbi nyB-
    CTByeTe B CBoeM Tejie?” HHor a KjmeHTaM B COCTOHHHH ninoB036y)K,aeHHH
    ^
    Mo ceT noTpe6oBaTbCH / jonojiHHTejibHan CTHMyjinijHH, HanpHMep 6ojiee
    ^
    BbicoKan HacTpoSKa nyjibcaTopoB Tac/AudioScan HJIH Hcnojib30BaHHe Ha -
    yiHHHKOB H nyjibcaTopoB O HOBpeMeHHO. O HaKO BHHMaTeJIbHO OHeHHTe,
    ^ ^
    He Hcnojib3yeT JIH KJIHCHT CTHMyjraijHio c noMombio npoiie ypbi BLS/ DAS
    j jin no aBJieHHH omymeHHH HJIH SMOIJHH.
    ^
    \
    ^
    Cjie/iyiomee BMeniaTejibCTBO, “ IlepenjieTeHHH pjisi ncHxodHOJiorane-
    CKOH peryjinuiHH ”, odecnenuBaeT pejraijHOHHbie, ceHCopHbie H BHraTejib-
    Hbie nepenjieTeHHH , KOTopbie nojpiepKHBaiOT coijHajibHyio BOBjieneHHOCTb
    ^
    BO BpeMH ,aeceHCH6HjiH3aiiiHH. 3TOT nponecc MO KHO HHTepnpeTHpoBaTb
    ^
    KaK co3AaHHe pecypcHbix cjioeB, HTO6BI KjmeHT MOR ocTaBaTbcn B TeKy -
    meM MOMeHTe , nepepadaTbraan TpaBMHpyiomHH MaTepnaji. nepHO nnecKH
    cnpaniMBaiiTe KJIHCHTOB, MoryT JIH OHH ocTaBaTbcn OAHOH HOTOH B Hacron -
    ^
    meM, nepepadaTbiBan npomjioe. IIonpocHTe KjmeHTa HacrponTbcn Ha Tejio
    nocjie Kaacftoro nepenjieTeHHn , HTO6H yde HTbcn , HTO KJIHCHT nyBCTByeT
    ^
    ce6n 3a3eMJieHHbiM H opneHTHpoBaHHbiM Ha TeKymnn MOMCHT. HeKOTopbiM
    KJineHTaM TpedyeTCH HecKOJibKO pecypcoB, nradbi nyBCTBOBaTb ce6n B AO -
    CTaTOHHOH 6e3onacHOCTH , HTO6M nepepadoTaTb ncHxojiorHnecKyio TpaBMy.
    HanpHMep, BBI MoaceTe aaTb KjineHTy TaKTHJibHbift npe MeT, TaKOH KaK
    ^
    HrpyiuKa- HeBajimnKa , njiacTHJiHH HJIH MHTKHH MHHHK , HTO6BI pyKH ocTa-
    BajiHCb 3aHHTbiMH BO BpeMH nepepadoTKH. Bbi TaKJKe MO KeTe nepedpacbi -
    ^
    BaTbcn c KJineHTOM MajieHbKOH no yniKOH , HTO6H nojmepacHBaTb ABOHHoe
    ^
    C03HaHHe. ECJIH Bbi nonpocHTe KJIHCHTOB jjBHraTbcn , HHor a MOJKCT 6 biTb
    nojie3HbiM
    ^
    BHraTbcn BMecTe c HHMH , HTO6BI ocjiadnTb HX caMoco3HaHHe.
    ^
    HanpHMep, ecjiH Bbi npejyiaraeTe KJineHTaM BCTpnxHyTb pyKaMH H Hora-
    MH , CMOjiejiHpyHTe STOT npoijecc CBOHM TCJIOM . TOHHO TaK )Ke , ecjiH Bain
    KJineHT BCTaeT, BBI TaK ce MO KeTe BCTaTb HeMHoro B CTopoHy, HTO6M CO-
    ^ ^
    3zi;aTb 6e3onacHOCTb. OrrajiKHBancb OT cTeHbi, noompnHTe KJineHTa cjienca
    DiaBa 5 &P KoMnjieKCHoe nocirpaBMaTHHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTpoficTBO... 213

    crH6aTb KOJieHH H pyKH, HTO6 BI H36e2caTb npe3MepHoro pacraaceHHH cy-


    CTaBOB. ECJIH KJineHT He nyBCTByeT ce6n B 6e3onacHOCTH, He npHCTynaHTe
    K nepepa6oTKe TpaBMbi. 3aBepniHTe ceccHio , Hcnojib3yn BMemaiejibCTBO 3
    “ KoHTeHHHpoBaHHe coMaTHnecKoro HCTpecca ” , H npo ojDKaiiTe pa3BH-
    ^ ^
    BaTb onojiHHTejibHbie pecypcw , upeyKjxe neM BepHyTbca K nepepa6oTKe
    ^
    TpaBMaTHHecKoro MaTepnajia.

    BMeiuamejibcmeo 27 . riepen.neTeHMR
    ncnxo 6 MO /iornHecKOM pery/iai
    ^M
    Pe /iflunoHHbie nepeniieieHMfl
    • 3 3AeCb, C BaMM .
    • Bbi ceMHac He OAMHOKM.
    • Mory JIH R 6biTb 3Aecb c BaMM, noxa Bbi nepexMBaeie 3TM BocnoMMHa -
    HMR ?

    MOXHO MHe CMOTpeTb Ha Bac npRMO ceMHac ?


    "
    • Moxeie nw Bbi nocMOTpeTb Ha MeHR M yBMAeTb , HTO R 3 Aecb, c BaMM ?

    • llocMOTpMM, CMOxeie TIM Bbi OLAyTMTb, HTO R 3 Aecb, c BaMM , Aaxe eC/lM Bbi
    He Moxeie CMOTpeTb Ha MeHR npRMO ceMHac .

    • MMeHHO Bbi KOHTpo /iMpyeie cMTyauMKD. Moxeie OTBepHyTbCR M Bdy -


    Bbi
    naTb CO MHOM B KOHTaKT, CKOJlbKO XOTMTe . Bbi MOXeTe nonpOCMTb MeHR
    nocMOTpeTb Ha Bac M OTBeCTM B 3I71RA. riOMHMTe, HTO MMeHHO Bbi KOHTpO -
    JiMpyeTe cMTyauMio.

    CeHcopHbie nepenjieTeHMfl
    • MoxeTe m Bbi omymaTb M nyBCTBOBaTb CBoe Te /io npRMO ceMHac ?

    • OcMOTpMTe Ka 6 MHeT M CKaXMTe MHe , HTO Bbi BMAMTe.


    • flepxMTe ma 3 a OTKpbiTbiMM M HaMA Te B Ka 6 MHeTe MecTO M /IM HTO -TO ,
    ^
    Ha HTO Bbi MoxeTe CMOTpeTb, HTo 6bi nyBCTBOBaTb ce 6R npMcyTCTByiomHM.
    • CAe/iaMTe HECKOJIBKO AO/ITMX r/iy 6 oKMX BAOXOB.
    • CAe/iaMTe nay3y M nonyBCTByPiTe, xax BaniM HOTM CTORT Ha no/iy.
    • Bbi 6 epMTe npeAMeT M 3 CBoero Ha 6 opa MHCTpyMeHTOB A-na 3 a 3 eM /ie -
    HMR , HTo 6 bi noAepxaTb ero , noHioxaTb MJIM nonpo 6 oBaTb Ha BKyc npRMO
    ceMHac .
    214 Hacrb 2 ricnxoTepancBTHMccKHc BMeiuaTejibCTBa

    • Bbi 6 epme nrpywKy- HeBa;i?uuKy, rmacTn /WH nm MBTKMM MBHHK, HTo 6 bi


    coxpaHATb CBoe npncyTCTBne.

    • B 6poiuy BaM aiy ManeHbKyio noflyiuKy, mo 6bi Bbi nonMann ee, a Bbi MO -
    xeTe 6pocmb ee MHe.

    flBuraie^ bHbie nepen/ieTeHnn


    • flaBanTe 06 a BdaHeM, MTo 6 bi Bbi Morrw MyBCTBOBaTb CBon Horn Ha no/iy.
    06paTme BHnMaHne Ha CBOH ayrmn n Horn .
    •B Bnxy, y Bac MHOTO (JjnannecKnx omymeHnn . Bbino 6 bi xopomo nofl-
    BnraTbca np ^ MO cennac ? Bbi Moxeie ABnraTbca Tax, xax BaM xoMeTca .
    B 6yn,y cueAOBaTb BaweMy npnMepy.
    • BcTpaxHnTe pyxaMn n HoraMn.
    • lloxoxe, Baiun pyxn XOTBT TOuxaibCB. ripncnoHmecb K deHe n nonpo -
    6ynie ee TO /iKHyrb. lloHyBCTBynTe CBOIO CBH3 b c pyxaMn n HoraMn.

    .
    flpuMenaHHe Ecnu K/ I^ SHT coo6in,aer 06 M3 MeHeHm MJIM Bbixope W 3 3 a -
    Bxicujefi o6pa6cm<M , B 03 o6 noBme odbiHHbie cepiw npopepypbi BLS / DAS ,
    Mcnonb3yn craHflapTHbm nporoKon v\3 30- 45- ceKyHfiHbix cepitM . Ecnu KJW -
    eHT He Moxer nyBCTBOBarb ce6n B 6e3 onacHoc , cnenyer ocraHOBMTb ne -
    pepa6oTxy c noMotubio BMewarenbCTBa 3 " KomexiHxipoBaHHe coMamne -
    CKOTO flHcrpecca ". npopoAxaEire pa3 pa6aTbiBarb RonojiHWTenbHbie pecyp -
    cbi , npexpe neM BepnyTbcn K nepepa6oTKe TpaBmwHecKoro Marepnana.

    CUEHAPHK BOCCTAHOBJIEHHH nPH


    KOMIUIEKCHOM nOCTTPABMATHHECKOM
    CTPECCOBOM PACCTPOflCTBE
    M TPABME nPHBH 3AHHOCTM
    ECJIH KJineHT nyBCTByeT ce6a 3acTpuBuiHM Ha STane AeceHCH 6 njiH3a-
    UHH , Taioice MOxeT 6 biTb pa3pa6oTaTb cneHapuri BoccTaHOBJie-
    nojie3HbiM

    HHH. JXJIA aToro ncHxoTepaneBT noMoaceT KjraeHTy onpc/icjiHTb HC/iocTaio-


    HIHH pecypc AJIH flCTCKoro H H pa3 pa6 oTaTb cueHapiiri BoccTaHOBJieHHH ,
    cooTBeTCTByromHH 3TOH noTpe6HOCTH. B 3TOM npopecce MoaceT ynacTBO-
    BaTb KOMaHfla C0I03HHK0B, KOTOpyK) KJIHCHT C03AajI Ha 3Tane nOflrOTOBKH .
    ripHMepbi cpeHapHeB BOCCTaHOBJieHHH BKJiioHaioT B ce6a caeAyiomHe KOM -
    nOHeHTbl .
    DiaBa 5 &P KoMiuieKCHoe nocTTpaBMaTHnecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccrpOHCTBO... 215

    • 3amHTa pe6eHKa OT o6H,o;HHKa


    • CnaceHHe HJIH SBaKyauHH pe6eHKa H3 onacHOH CHTyaijHH
    • HajiHHHe COK 3HHKOB, noMoraiomHx pe6eHKy BbiCKa3aTbCH HJIH npo-
    )

    THBOCTOHTb HeCnpaBeAJIHBOH CHTyaUHH

    • npHBJieneHHe 3a6ouiHBoro coio3HHKa /HJIH 3a6pomeHHoro HJIH OAH-


    Hoicoro pe6eHKa
    • Co3JI,aHHe HOBOH, 3a6oTJIHBOH CUeHbl pOJKZjeHHfl
    IloonjipHHTe KJineHTa K TBopnecTBy B npouecce pa3pa6oTKH cueHapHH
    BOccTaHOBJieHHH. HHor a KJineHT 6y,aeT conpoTHBjmTbCH STOMy npou;ec-
    ^
    cy, roBopn: “ Ho Ha caMOM jxene SToro He 6buio ”. 3/ jecb ncHxoTepaneBT MO-
    xceT npH3HaTb, HTO KJIHCHT npaB. O Haico cennac Bee MOXceT 6 biTb HHane ,
    ^
    neM B nponuiOM. ncHxoTepaneBT MoaceT HanoMHHTb KJineHTy, HTO ero fteT-
    CKHe nOTpe6HOCTH 3aCJiyJKHBaJIH BHHMaHHH , H MOJKeT nOMOHb KJIHeHTy
    y/tOBjieTBopHTb 3TH noTpe6 HOCTH ceitnac , onpeAejiHB, HTO AOJDKHO 6BIJIO
    np0 H30HTH. Bo3HHKHOBeHHe TOpH B 3TOM npOU,eCCe HBJIHeTCH HOpMaJIb-
    HbIM HBJieHHeM H KJineHT MoxceT HcnbiTbiBaTb nyBCTBa nenajiH , O6 HAH
    HJIH THeBa.
    PaccMOTpHM npHMep KJineHTa, KOTopbin onncaji CBoe ACTCTBO, nojiHoe
    SMOUHOHajibHoro npeHe6 pe ceHHH. OH BcnoMHHaji , HTO B fleTCTBe npoBO-
    ^
    j mi MHOTO BpeMeHH B o HHonecTBe , H y Hero Bbipa6oTajiHCb MexaHH3-
    \
    ^
    Mbi npeo ojieHHH , HTO6BI ycnoKOHTbcn . OH onncaji ce6n KaK MajieHbKoro
    ^
    MajibHHKa , O HHOKOTO B CBoen KOMHaTe H HyBCTByiomero CBOIO 6ecnoMom -
    ^
    HOCTb. Bo BpeMH /i;eCeHCH6 HJIH3aiJHH OH HyBCTBOBaJI ce6n 3aCTpflBHIHM .
    Ero ncHxoTepaneBT CKa3aji: “ IlpeACTaBbTe ce6e 3Ty jxeTCKyio nacTb Bac,
    KOTopoii npeHe6perajiH. Bbi MOxceTe ce6e npe CTaBHTb, HTO HyxcHo 6BIJIO
    ^
    3TOH nacTH BameH JIHHHOCTH ? KjiHeHT nojKaji njienaMH , cKa3aB: “ H He
    3HaK) ”. OH CMOTpeji B OKHO C nyBCTBOM OTHanHHH. IIcHxoTepaneBT cnpo-
    CHJI , KaKOBO eMy 6 biJio 6 bi , ecjiH 6 bi c HHM KTO - TO 6 BIJI. KjmeHT Hepemn -
    TejibHO npH3Haji: “ Kor / ja H 6 BIJI MajieHbKHM MajibHHKOM , H He xoTeji 6 biTb

    O HH . 3aieM ncHxoTepaneBT cnpocnji: “ Moxceie JIH Bbi npe craBHTb KO-


    ^ ^
    ro -TO , Koro Bbi MorjiH 6 bi no3BaTb, HTOSM OH nocH eji c BBMH B fleTCTBe? ”
    ^
    nepBOHanajibHO KJineHTy 6 BIJIO Tpy HO npejjCTaBHTb, HTO KTO-TO MOXceT
    ^
    6 biTb PHAOM c ero AGTCKHM H . O/ jHaKO, no 6a pHBaeMbm ncnxoTepa-
    ^ ^
    neBTOM , OH nojjyiviaji o CBoen KOMaHji,e COIO3HHKOB H Hanaji npe CTaBJiHTb
    ^
    ce6e My poro pyra, KOTopbin xoTeji 6 bi no/mep)KaTb ero, Kor/i,a OH 6 BIJI
    ^ ^
    216 HacTb 2
    ^ ricuxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    MaJieHbKHM MaJIbHHKOM. B KOHIlie KOHIJOB, KAHeHT CHOBa nepeBeJI B3TAAA


    Ha ncHxoTepaneBTa H CO cjie3aMH Ha rjia3ax cKa3aji: “ MHe npodo
    HJOK -
    HO 6 , HTO6H MeHH BHACAH H ”. Tenepb OH Mor npe CTaBHTb
    bijio noHHMajiH
    ^
    ce6e, KaK STOT MyApwft Apyr BHAHT H noHHMaeT ero. OH cKa3aji ce6e: “ 51
    6ojibme He OAHH .
    TaKAce BO3MOACHO npHBjienb Boo6paAcaeMyio KOMaHAy COK)3HHKOB, HTO-
    6BI o6 jierHHTb npoijecc BoccTaHOBJieHHH eme AO POACACHHA. HanpHMep,
    AceHmHHa cipaztajia OT nacroft TOHIHOTBI H BcnoMHHjia no accormaijHH , HTO
    ee MaTb Kypnjia Ha npOTAAceHHH Been 6epeMeHHOCTH H paHHero AeTCTBa.
    Ee ToniHOTa ycnjiHBajiacb BO BpeMA AeceHCH6HAH3aijHH, HTO Memajio eft
    npo ojDKaTb nepepa6oTKy ncHxojiornnecKoft TpaBMbi. Bo BpeMA CBoero
    ^
    BoccTaHOBHTejibHoro nepenAeTeHHA OHa OKpyACHAa ce6n KOMaHAoft 3a -

    IAHTHHKOB BHyTpn npeBa MaTepH. OHa npe CTaBHjia, KaK OHH co3/ jaiOT CH -
    ^
    jiOBoe nojie, yAepACHBaiomee OT Hee TOKCHHHbift HHKOTHH. 3aTeM OHa B3HJia

    KOMaH y c co6oft nocjie poACAeHHA , nocKOJibKy OHH noMorjiH 3amHTHTb


    ^
    ee OT AbiMa B AOMe ee A^TCTBa. CoMaranecKH OHa 6bma cnoco6Ha TepneTb
    nyBCTBo OTBpameHHH B AOCTaTOHHoft CTeneHH , HTO6BI ycneniHO AeceHCH6H -
    JIH3HpOBaTb AeJIb.
    C^eAyiomee BMemaTejibCTBO , “ IlepenjieTeHHH AAA BoccTaHOBjieHHH

    npHBH3aHHOCTH ”, npeAAaraeT Boo6 paacaeMbift MeHTajibHbift|


    ( ) HJibM BoecTa-

    HOBJieHHH AAA cjiynaeB, KorAa KAHeHT 3acTpeBaeT HJIH 3aAHKJiHBaeTcn BO


    BpeMH nepepa6oTKH. 3TO BMemaTejibCTBO npoBOAHTCA B Tpn 3Tana H pa3-
    BHBaeT pecypc, KOTopbift BOCCTaHaBJiHBaeT HeAOCTaiomHft onbiT, CBA3aH -
    Hbift c AeTCKoft TpaBMoft. Illar 1 onpeAeAneT HeAOCTaiomHft onbiT. IHar 2
    noMoraeT KAHeHTy C03AaTb KOMaHAy COK>3HHKOB AAA AeTCKoft nac CBO -
    eft AHHHOCTH. MoAceT 6biTb noAe3HbiM npocMOTpeTb BMemaTeAbCTBO 26
    “ HHCTaAAAUiHH peCypCOB naCTH AHHHOCTH C nOMOIAblO KOMaHAbI C0I03HH -
    KOB . TpeTHft mar noMoraeT KAHeHTy npeACTaBHTb cijeHapHft BOCCTaHOBAe-
    HHA. 06n3aTeAbHO npeAAOACHTe KAHeHTy npoBepnTb TeAecHoe oco3HaHHe
    Ha npoTAAceHHH Bcero OTOTO npoijecca, HTO6BI y6eAHTbCA , HTO OH nyBCTByeT
    ce6n 3a3eMAeHHbiM , opHeHTHpoBaHHbiM Ha TeKymnft MOMCHT H B 6e3onac-
    HOCTH. Bbi MOAceTe HcnoAb30 BaTb npoueAypy BLS/ DAS AAA 3aKpenAeHHA
    KOMaHAbi COK)3HHKOB, HO He HcnoAb3yftTe ee npH pa3pa6oTKe cueHapHA
    BoccTaHOBAeHHA. KaK TOAbKO KAHeHT nonyBCTByeT, HTO y Hero ecTb pecyp-
    CM , BepHHTecb K nepepa6oTKe c HcnoAb30 BaHHeM CTaHAapTHoro npOTOKOAa
    EMDR-TepanHH.
    DiaBa 5 KoMnjieKCHoe nocrrpaBMaTHHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTponcTBO... 217

    BMeiuamejibcmeo 28 . riepen/ieTeHna p,nn BOccTaHOB/ieHUB


    npMBfl3 aHH 0 CTM

    Lilar 1. OnpeflejieHne OTcyTCTByramero onbua n flecKpumopa Boccia -


    HOB/ieHMfl.
    [IpeflCTaBbTe ce 6 e lOHyio nacTb BaweM JIMHHOCTH , KOTopaa [yKa 3 biBaei
    Ha HeflocTafomMM onbu],
    Bbi npeflCTaB^ aeie, HTO Torfla fleHCTBmenbHO 6bmo HyxHo 3TOM A TCKOM
    ^
    nacTM BaLueki JIHHHOCTH ?

    npuMenaHne. BbinB / iehmafi noTpe6nocTb eraHer necKpunropoM Boccra-


    HOBnenm. Ec / in KnueHT He Moxer onpeaenmb norpe6 HocTb, noMorme
    e /wy, H33B3B TO, HTO, flO BaiUeMy MHeHMO , 6biflO HeflOCTatOLLtUM OTlblTOM .
    npefino/iaraio, HTO BaM Hy>KHo 6 bi/io 6 biTb [flecKpHmop BoccTaHOB /ieHMf) ] .
    LUar 2. Co3flaiiTe KOMaHfly COK>3 HMKOB ABB Haem CBoefi JIMHHOCTH
    Edb /iM y Bac KOMaHfla COKD 3 HMKOB , KOTopaB Morna 6bi npMMTM Ha noMomb
    H npeflociaBHTb [ AecKpmrrop BOCCTaHOB /ieHHa ]. Koro 6 bi Bbi xoTe/in ripn -
    ~
    B /ienb B KanecTBe COK> 3 HHKOB STOM HacTM BaweM JIMHHOCTH ? [ lonpo 6yMTe
    Bbi 6 paTb, rAe Bbi xoie /iM 6 bi noMecTHTb xaxAoro coi03 HMKa B npocipaHCTBe
    Boxpyr AeTCKOH nacTM BaweM JIMHHOCTM . Xoie/in 6 bi Bbi , HTo 6 bi 3TOT COIO 3 -
    HHK HaxoAHBCB BnepeAH, c 6 oi<y vm no 3 aAn STOM nacTM Bac ?

    flpuMenaHne. KaK TO/ ibKO xnneHT onpepeimii , rj.je noMecTMTb comHM -


    Ka , Bbino/ iHHTe xopoTKMe cepMM npopepypbi BLS / DAS OT Tpex po nftm
    pa3 no 8- 15 cexywA. floBTopaMTe npopecc co3p,anm COK>3 HMKOB cronbKo
    pa3 , cxojibKO HeodxoflHMO, noxa KJIMBHT He Haiip,eT KOMaHfly COK)3 HMKOB
    pun peTCKon HACTM CBoefi JIMHHOCTM . llpeftJioxMTe K /iMeHTaM npoBepmb
    CBOK) Tenecnyto 0 C03 HaHH 0CTb , Korpa OHM pa3 Mein,am xaxfloro comHMKa
    B npocTpaHCTBe. Cnep,me 3 a Tenecnbim oinyn\ eHV\m\A M CMmanaMM HepB -
    HOM cncTeMbi KfineHTOB, Kowpbie npepnojiaram, HTO OHM nyBCTByioT ce6a
    B 6e3 onacHOCTM M 3 a3 emenbi . K / ineHTbi MoryT MMeTb B CBoeti KOMaHfle
    CTOJibxo COIO 3 HMKOB , CKonbKO 3 dxoTHT , noaTOMy ocTaBaMTecb B npopecce,
    noxa K / iMeHT He nonyBCTByeT ce6n B 6e3 onacHocTM.
    Tenepb, KorAa Boxpyr Bac ecTb Baiua KOMaHAa H COK) 3 HMKM , HanpaBb -
    Te CBoe co3 HaHne Ha CBoe Te/io B pe/ioM. HTO Bbi oco3 HaeTe cennac ?
    riOTpaTbTe HeCKO/lbKO MMHyT, HT06 bl o 6 paTHTb BHMMaHHe Ha OLAymeHMB
    B Te/ie M AbixaHne.
    218 HacTb 2 ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    ripuMe^aHne. ECJM K /ineHT coo5w,aer , HTO nyBCTeyer npncyrcTBMe KOMSH -


    Rbi coio3 HMK0 B , BbiFio /iHMTe KopoTKiie cepnn npopeRypbi BLS/ DAS OT rpex
    RO HATH pa3 no 8- 15 ceKyHR , HTo6 bi 3 aKpenmb oiRymeHne nojioxmejib-
    Horo COCTOBHHB. ECJIH K / ineHT ncnbiTbiBaer 3 arpyRHeHiw B npopecce
    pa3 pa6oTKH KOMaHRbi CO\03 HHKOB, He BbinofiHRMTe npopepypy BLS/ DAS
    H npoRonxaEtre pa6oraTb Hap HOHCKOM COHD3 HHKOB. He nepexoRme K wary
    3 aroro BMeLuarenbCTBa.
    War 3. CpeHapuM BoccTaHOB/iemm
    Tenepb flaBaPiTe paccMOTpuM pa3 pa 6 oTKy cpeHapi/m BoccTaHOB /ieHHfl
    A/ia 3TOM MacTi/i BawePi JIMHHOCTM. 06paTMTe BHMMaHne Ha CBOM omyLpe -
    HMH , Korfla Bbi no/iynaeie noflAepxKy OT CBOMX COHD 3 HMKOB . KaKkie t() M -
    3 MHecKMe omymeHna Bbi McnbiTbiBaeie cePiHac ? rio3 BO/ibTe coio 3 HMKaM
    noMOHb B 3 M no /iyHmb HOBbiPi onbiT. lloMHMTe, cePiHac MoxeT 6 biTb MHane ,
    neM TorAa.
    [IpeACTaBbTe 3Ty cpeHy, KaK 6yATO Bbi CMOTpme 4) M /ibM. nocMoipme, KaK
    BaLLIM COI03 HMKM nOMOTaiOT yAOB /ieTBOpHTb nOTpe 6 HOCTM 3T0 M H 3 CTM Ba -
    LuePi JIMHHOCTM . MTO Bbi HyBCTByeTe cewnac , npeAdaBHB , HTO HaKOHep -To
    MoxeTe [ AecKpnniop BoccraHOB /ieHHfl ] ?

    ripuMevaHMe. Kax Toubxo xmenr coo6w,m o nonoxvnenbHbix H 3 MeHenmx


    B o6pa3 ax, omyipeHmx MJW acptpexrax, B 03 o6HOBnre o6 biHHbie cepnxi npo -
    peRypbt BLS / DAS, ucno/ ib3yn craHRapTHbiH nporoxon m 30- / 5- cexyHRHbix
    noRXOROB. ECJIM xnxieHTHe Moxer noRKJUOHHTbcn K no3 HTMBHbiM nyBCTBdM ,
    ocraBaiiTecb B npopecce RO rex nop, noxa y xunema He 6yRer RocramH -
    HO pecypcoB RUB RercKoro V’. Ecnn xnnenT He Moxer pa3 BHTb pecypc

    R / iB RercKOH nacTM CBoefi JIXIHHOCTH , ocraHOBxne nepepa6orxy c noMoiRbio


    BMewarenbCTBa 3 " KomexiHupoBaHue coMaruHecxoro RHcrpecca " , a 3 a -
    reM npoRo/ ixaHre HHcranjinpoBarb RonofiHxirenbHbie pecypcbi , npexRe
    HEM BepHyrbCB K nepepa6orxe TpaBMarxiHecxoro Marepnana.

    HEIIOJIHAH /IECEHCMEHJIH3 AUHH


    B 3TOM pa3flejie npeAJiaraiOTca ABa BMemaTejibCTBa , KOTopbie noMO-
    raioT KJineHTaM 3aKpbiTb He3aBepmeHHbie ceccmi: “ Be3onacHoe MecTO
    RJIB. nacTH JIHHHOCTH H 3OJIOTOH caMopoAOK ”. 3TOT npopecc oco6eHHO
    BaxeH, KorAa KjmeHT pa6oTaeT c BocnoMHHaHn«MM o ACTCKOH nac CBOH
    DiaBa 5 KoMnjieKCHoe nocnpaBMaTHHecKoe CTpeccoBoe paccTpoftcTBO... 219

    ,
    JIHHHOCTH KOTopan HaxoAHjiacb B He6e3onacHOH CHTyauHH [ Twombly , 2000].
    HanpHMep, ecjin BBI pa6oTaeTe c ,
    eTCKOH nacTbio Korapan 6buia OTBep-
    rHyTa, Ba KHO y6e,zi;HTbCH, HTO
    ^
    BBI 3aBepniHJiH ceccmo, BbinojiHHB cooTBeT -
    ^
    CTByiomee KOHTeHHHpoBaHne H 3aKpbiTne c BTOH nacTbio JIHHHOCTH. IlepBoe
    BMemaTejibCTBO , “Be3onacHoe Mecra AJIH nacTH JIHHHOCTH , npe/i,Ha3HaHeHO
    JIJIH. Hcnojib30BaHHH BO BpeMH . He3aBepmeHHbix ceccHH H COCTOHT H3 jiByx
    rnaroB, noMoraiomHX KJiHeHTy HaiiTH coio3HHKa HJIH KOMaHAy COK)3HHKOB,
    AOCTaTOHHO CHJIbHbIX, HTo6bI nOMOHb HaCTH erO JIHHHOCTH HaHTH CBOe Co6-
    CTBeHHoe 6e3onacHoe MecTo. IlepBbm mar co3A,aeT 6e3onacHOCTb AJIH nac
    JIHHHOCTH , a BTOPOH mar noMoraeT KJiHeHTy nyBCTBOBaTb ce6n 3a3eMJieH-
    HblM, OpHeHTHpOBaHHbIM Ha TeKyilJHH MOMeHT, 3amHIU,eHHbIM H TOTOBblM
    nOKHHyTb 0(J)HC. IlpH Heo6xOAHMOCTH KaJK aH HaCTb KJIHeHTa MO^CeT HMeTb
    ^
    HHAHBHAyajibHoe 6e3onacHoe MecTo c KOMaHAOH COK>3HHKOB JXJIB KOHTCHHH-
    poBaHHH. Ilpezi,Jio^cHTe KJiHeHTy Hcnojib30BaTb Ha6op HHCTpyMeHTOB \
    j jin 3a-

    3eMJieHHH, npoHTHCb no KaOnHeTy, BbinHTb HeMHoro BOABI HJIH Hcnojib3o -


    BaTb jno6bie Apyrne MCTOABI, HTO6BI y6eAHTbcn, HTO K/ineHT npHcyTCTByeT BO
    B3pocjioM COCTOHHHH. Biopoe BMeiHaTeJIbCTBO, “30JI0T0H CaMOpO OK”, 4>o-
    ^
    KycnpyeTCH Ha nojio CHTejibHbix ajieMeHTax ceccHH, Aaace ecjiH noKa3aTejib
    ^
    SUDS He CHH^caeTcn AO Hyjra. BMemaTejibCTBO “3OJIOTOH caMopoAOK” — 3TO
    HHCTAJUIHU,HH pecypcoB, KOTopoe MoaceT noMOHb KJiHeHTy npH3HaTb jno6bie
    HOBbie HACK, KOTopbie MoryT 6biTb nojiyneHbi BHe ceccHH. Ilocjie 3aBepme-
    HHH nonpocHTe KJineHTa H36aBHTbcn OT ocTaBmerocn AHcrpecca c noMombio
    BMemaTejibCTBa 3 “KoHTeHHHpoBaHHe coMaTHnecKoro AHcrpecca”, HTO6BI

    KJINEHT 6bui 3a3eMjieH RJM 3aBepmeHHH ceccHH.

    BMeiuamejibcmeo 29. 5 e3 onacHoe MecTo p,nn Mac


    J1MHH 0 CTM

    LUar 1. HaiiAMTe 6e3onacHoe MecTo AJIH nacTM JIHHHOCTH


    y Hac noHTH HeT BpeMeHM. flaBairre HaMAeM 6 e3 onacHoe
    3 Hafo , HTO
    MecTo n
    A- ^ [ nacTM JIHHHOCTH ]. KTO MOT 6 bi npmiv\ H noMOHb STOM Maori
    BameM JIHHHOCTH H 3 HTH MeCTO , TAe OHa MyBCTByeT Ce 6 fl K0 M(j)0 pTH 0, cno -
    KOHHO H 6 e 3 onacHO ?

    npuMenaHue. flonpocMre KnvteHra npeflcraBMTb ce6e CO /03HH/<3 MJM KO -


    MaHfly COK)3 HMKOB, noMorMTe npi/iBecrw flercKyio nacTb JUMHOCTM B 6e3 o -
    nacHoe Mecro.
    220 HacTb 2 tiP ncHxoTepaneRTH'iecKHc BMemaTejibCTBa

    He Toponmecb, mo6bi yOeAmbCfl, mo y [nacTM JIMMHOCTM ] ecTb Bee, mo


    HyXHO , mo 6 bl MyBCTBOBaTb Ce 6 fl KOMt OpTHO, CnOKOMHO M B 6 e30naCH 0 CTM.

    Lilar 2. 3 a 3 eM /ieHne B HacroameM


    ^
    Cfle^ ame nay3 y, mo 6 bi BepHyTbca B HacTOBinMM MOMem B Ka 6 MHeT
    n noMyBCTBOBaTb ce 6 a B 3 poc /ibiM 3flecb M cefiMac . KaKne (j) M 3 MHecKne
    omymeHMfl Bbi ncnbiTbiBaeie ? He Toponmecb c STUM npoueccoM, noKa
    He nonyBCTByeTe 3 a 3 eM /ieHne M CBB 3 b c HyBCTBOM 6 e 3 onacHOCTH 3Aecb
    M cefiHac. Bbi nyBCTByeTe ce 6 a 3 Aecb Ha 100% ? B TeneHMe HeAe/iM npo -
    BepBMTe CBOIO MacTb /iMHHOCTH , y 6 exAaHCb, mo OHa Bee eme HaxoAHTca
    B 6 e 3 onacHOM MecTe M nyBCTByeT ce 6 a yieiueHHOM , 3 aiAMiAeHHOM M B 6 e 3 -
    onacHOCTM. EC /IM TpeOyeTca A no /iHMTe /ibHaB noAAepxKa , npoAOJixaime
    °
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    "

    HTO BaM HpaBHTCB , HT 06 bl OCTaBaTbCB 3 a 3 eM /ieHHblM M B HaCTOBLU,eM Bpe -


    MeHM. Hcno /ib 3 yMTe CBOM o 6 pa 3 bi A-nn KOHTeMHi/ipoBaHMa , eain B 03 HMKHeT
    KaKOM - jin 6 o HeraTHBHbiM Maiepi/ia /i.

    Bjueuiamejibcmeo 30 . 3 O/IOTOM caMopoAOK

    Edb JIH mo -TO no/ioxHTe /ibHoe , mo Bbi y3 Ha /in ceroAHB o ce 6 e, mo Bbi


    Mor/iM 6 bi Bon/ioTMTb npflMO ceMHac M B 3mb c CO 6 OM C HarneH CECCWM ?
    .
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    HOM B xope cecciw , Bbi Moxere npep / ioxurb B xanecTBe B 03 MO>KHoro
    3 onororo caMopopxa MOMBHT, CBupereneM Koroporo Bbi cram BO epeM»
    ceccuM M Koropbiii omyipancn xax Hoaoe oco3 HaHue HJIM no3 MTMBHbm

    CRBMr.

    06paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha c() M 3i<mecKMe omymaHMB B BameM Te/ie, KorAa Bbi


    AyMaeie o [ HOBOM oco 3 HaHMM win nojioxme/ibHOM cAsure ].

    npuMevamie. Bbino / iHHTe Koporme cepun npopepypbi BLS/ DAS or rpex


    po WITH pa3 no 8- 15 ce /cyHfl, mo6bi mcranmpoBaTb no/ ioxnre/ ibHyio
    nacrb nepep 3a3emeHxieM K / ineHTa. flocne 3aBepLueHun nonpocnre KJIM -
    ema pncrpecca B KOHTefiHep c noMoipbto BMeiuarenb-
    nonoxnrb ocraTKH
    "
    CTBa 3 KoHTeiiHHpoBaHHe coMamnecKoro pncrpecca " , HTo6 bi KJiueHT 6 bin
    3 a3 eM / ieH B MOMBHT 3aBeptueHiM ceccm.
    DiaBa 5 &P KoMnjieKCHoe nocTTpaBMaTHHecKoe crpeccoBoe paccTpoficTBO... 221

    MHCTAJIJIHUHH nPH KOMnJIEKCHOM


    nOCTTPABMATHHECKOM CTPECCOBOM
    PACCTPOHCTBA H TPABME IIPHB5I 3AHHOCTH
    Korzia ,zi,eceHCH6HJiH3aunH npH6 jiH>KaeTCH K ijejiH, CBH3aHHOH c paHHHM
    fteTCTBOM , MO^CeT 6 bITb nOJie3HbIM IIOTpaTMTb BpeMfl Ha TO, HTo6 bI HHTerpH -
    poBaTb 3TH nepe^CHBaHHH BO B3pocjiyio nacTb JIHHHOCTH KJiHeHTa. KaK yace
    roBopHJiocb, B KanecTBe B03MO)KHoro 30JIOTOTO caMopo Ka TpexKOMnoHeHT-
    ^
    HblH npOTOKOJI nOMOraeT BHeApHTb HOByiO n03HTHBHyi0 KOTHHUHIO H CBfl3aH -
    Hbie c Hen coMaTHnecKne nepeacHBaHHH B nponiJibie , HacTonmne H 6y ymHe
    CHTyauHH. 3TO BKJnonaeT B ce6H HHCTajuiHijHio HOBOH TejiecHO-opHeHTHpo-
    ^
    BaHHOH no3HTHBHOH KOTHHIJHH, 3aKpenjieHHe 3THX HOBbix omymeHHH B Tejie
    H npe&JioaceHHe KJiHeHTaM oco3HaBaTb CBOH coMaTHHecKHe omymeHHH.
    Cjie yioinee BMemaiejibCTBO, “ IIpeBpameHHe JXETCKOH nac JIHHHOCTH
    ^
    BO B3pocjiyio JIHHHOCTB , noMoraeT KJineHTy HHTerpnpoBaTb TejiecHO-opn -
    eHTHpOBaHHyiO n 03HTHBHyi0 KOTHHUHIO, CBH3aHHyiO C GTCKHMH BOCnOMH -
    ^
    HaHHHMH , Boofipaacan , KaK %eTCKan nacTb JIHHHOCTH craHOBHTCH B3pocjiOH.
    IlpoBezi,HTe KJiHeHTa nepe3 pa3Hbie 3Tanbi pa3BHTHH , HanpHMep, Kor a eMy
    6BIJIO nHTb jieT, B HanajibHOH niKOJie, B no pocTKOBOM B03pacTe H TaK Aajiee.
    ^
    ^
    ECJIH y KJiHeHTa B03HHKai0T npo6 jieMbi c KHTerpaunefi HOBOH HO3HTHBHOH
    KOTHHIJHH Ha KaKOM -JIH6o 3Tane pa3pa6oTKH , Bbl MO^CeTe OCTaHOBHTb BH3y-
    ajiH3aiiHio, pacno3HaB , HTO 3TOT 6JIOK MOJKCT yKa3biBaTb Ha HajiHHHe Apyroii

    uejiH. IlocTapaHTecb HacrpoHTbCH Ha 3Ty uejib H nojiHOCTbio nepepa6oTaTb


    ee, npejKAe neM npHCTynHTb K npoijeccy B3pocjieHHH. IloMorHTe KJineHTy
    nonyBCTBOBaTb ce6n TBepAbIM H TeJieCHO-OpHeHTHpOBaHHbIM C 3THM HO-
    BMM y6e eHHeM .
    ^
    BMemamejibcmeo 31 . npeBpameHne ASTCKOM Mac
    J1 MMH 0 CTH BO B3 pOCJiyKD JIMMHOCTb

    Tenepb, KorAa Bbi MyBCTByeTe cmibHyio CBH3b c [ no 3mnBHOM KOTH 1/1141/1 -


    efi ] B B 03 pacTe [yKaxme B 03 pacT, CBH3 aHHbm c HCXOAHOM Liejibio], Mbi
    MCC/ieAyeM, KaK Bbi MOMM 6 bi MyBCTBOBaTb ce 6 a , npMAepxMBaacb 3Toro
    y6 exAem/m o ce 6 e B 6 o/iee no3AHne nepnoAbi CBoefi XM3 HM no Mepe Ba -
    Luero B3poc /ieHH .
    ^
    lIpncByLuaMTecb c)) M 3HHecKMM OLuyLAeHMflM , KOTopbie Bbi ncnbiTbiBaeTe
    K
    B cBoeM Te/ie cemac , KorAa AyMaeie o c /iOBax [ no 3 HTMBHafl KommiMfl ].
    222 HacTb 2 J$P ricuxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeniaTejibCTBa

    Tenepb npeACTaBbTe ce 6 ep MTO Bbi Heceie STO no3MTMBHoe y6exAeHne


    c CO 6 OM Ha KaxAOM aiane CBoeM XM3HH. KaKOBO 6bmo 6bi nyBCTBOBaTb
    ce 6a TaK, KorAa Bbi 6 bmn [ Ha 30Bme OAHy ciaAwo pa 3 BMTnq ] ?
    KaKMe (() M 3 MHecKMe OLAymeHMfl Bbi McnbiTbiBaeTe, KOi~Aa npeACTaB /ifleie
    3T0TCUeHapMM ?

    npHMenaHne. flpoBeflure /owenra nepe3 pa3Hbie cranm pa3 Bv\rm, ocra -


    HaB / iMBancb Ha KaxflOM v\3 HMX , Hro6 bi yBunerb, HTO K / weHT flyMaer, nyB -
    CTByer v\ omymaeT B CBoeM rene. Ecnn K /weHT He Moxer nonyBCTBOBarb
    Hoey/o no3v\rv\ BHy\o KOTHHLIHK) C B03 pacT0 M , McciienyMTe 6JIOK fla / ibiue,
    OmeTMB, HTO 3T0 MOXei 6 blTb B03 M 0>KHan Lie/ lb, KOTOpyiO Heo6xOflMMO no -

    BTOPHO o6pa6oraTb. Kai< ro/ ibKo 6AOK 6yfler nepepadoraH , npo^ onxanre
    BbipaiuHBarb nacTb JWHHOCTM HO rex nop, noxa KJineHT He nonyBCTByer
    ce6n MHTerpnpoBaHHbiM B CBoe B3 pocnoe V'.

    HHTErPAUHH H IIEPEOUEHKAIIPH
    KOMnJIEKCHOM nOCTTPABMATHHECKOM
    CTPECCOBOM PACCTPOHCTBE
    H TPABME IIPHBH3AHHOCTH
    Ha 3aKJiiOHHTejibHbix aTanax EMDR- Tepannn ncHxoiepaneBT MOACCT
    nOMOHb KJIHeHTy CnpaBHTbCA C OCTaTOHHbIMH HenpHATHbIMH j
    ( )H3HHeCKH -
    .
    MH omymeHHHMH A 0 OKOHNAHHA ceccHH BbinojiHHTe npoAe
    ^ypy BLS/
    DAS, B TO BpeMH KaK KAHCHT cocpeAOTaHHBaeTCH Ha JIIO6OM 3aTAHyBineMCA
    omymeHHH, noxa OHO He pa3peniHTCA. ECJIH OHa nepeHOCHT KJineHTa B Apy -
    roe BocnoMHHaHHe HAH Ha Apyryio ijeAb, ncnoAb3yHTe KOHTeHHHpoBaHHe,
    ecAH Bbi npH6AHAcaeTecb K KOHAy ceccnn, HAH ncnoAb3yHTe STO BOcnoMH-
    HaHHe KaK HOByio AeAb, ecAH BpeMA ceccHH eme He ncnepnaHo. Jinn 3a-
    KpblTHA BaACHO 3aKaHAHBaTb K 2L7KJXyK) CeCCHK) KaKHM-AH6o 3a3eMAeHHeM
    H BMemaTeAbCTBOM, cocpeAOToneHHbiM Ha HacTOAmeM MOMeHTe. IlepeA 3a-
    BepmeHHeM ceccnn y6eAHTecb, HTO y KAHeHTa npncyTCTByeT B3pocAoe A .
    Ha 3Tane nepeoAeHKH EMDR-TepaneBTbi npocMaTpnBaioT npeAbmy -
    IUiHe ceccHH H HIAyT AK)6bie 3aTAACHbie 3MOAHOHaAbHbie, KOTHHTHBHbie HAH
    coMaTHnecKHe paccTponcTBa, KOTopbie MoryT npHBecTH K AaAbHeHiiiHM
    AeAAM. PaHHee ACTCTBO H TpaBMa npHBA 3 aHH0CTH nacTo Tpe6yiOT nocroAH-
    HOH ncHxoTepaneBTHHecKOH noAAepACKH jinn HHTerpauHH, nocKOAbKy npn-
    BbiHHbie coMaTHnecKHe narrepHbi H ocHOBHbie y 6eACAeHHA cymecTByiOT
    DiaBa 5
    ^ KoMiuiexcHoe nocTTpaBMaTunecKoe crpeccoBoe paccTpoficTBo... 223

    yace MHoro . 3TOT npoijecc Tpe6yeT TepneHHH, nocKOJibKy /noBep6ajib-


    jieT

    6ajibHbie BocnoMHHaHHH nacra Tpy/ jHOAOCTynHbi. Oa3a nepe-


    Hbie H HeBep
    oueHKH BKjnonaeT B ce6n HenpepbiBHbin flnajior o TOM , KaK H3MeHeHHH BO
    BpeMH CeCCHH aCCHMHJIHpyiOTCH B OTHOineHHHX KJIHeHTa c CO6OH H APyrH -
    MH JUOJXbMW BHe CeCCHH.

    PE3IOME
    B 3TOH rjiaBe Mbi npe CHHTe3 EMDR -TepanHH H -opn -
    ^CTaBHjiH

    eHTHpoBaHHOH ncnxoTepanHH JXJIH. jieneHHn


    TejiecHO

    KOMiuieKCHoro nocrrpaBMa -
    HeCKOTO CTpeCCOBOTO paCCTpOHCTBa H TpaBMbI npHBH3aHHOCTH , B KOTOpOM
    oco6oe BHHMaHHe yzjejineTcn coMaranecKOMy nozi;xoAy K H eHTHc HKauiHH
    ^
    H pa6oTe c nacraMH JIHHHOCTH , pa3BHTHio AOBepfiajibHbix mejieH H ncnxo- ^
    6HOJiorHHecKoii peryjiHUHH BO BpeMn (J> a3bi AeceHCH6HJiH3aii;HH. Kaic H BO
    Been EMDR -TepanHH , BaacHO 3HaTb, HTO STOT npouecc He HBJineTcn jiHHen -
    HBIM . 3TO oco6eHHO BepHO % jia paHHen TpaBMbi pa3BHTHH , Tax xax npoijecc
    nacTO npoTexaeT Me/yieHHO H Tpe6yeT nocTOHHHOH CTa6 HjiH3aijHH H pa3BH -
    THH pecypcoB. KpaHHe Ba>KHO, HTO6 bi BH, xax ncnxoTepaneBT, npaBHJibHO
    BbinojiHHJiH CBOK) pa6oTy, nocKOJibKy Banin co6cTBeHHbie He3a cHBaiomHe
    ^
    TpaBMbi npHBH3aHHOCTH MOiyT MeniaTb Baniefi CnOCo6HOCTH KOHIjeHTpH -
    poBaTb BHHMaHHe Ha npo6;ieMax Baninx KJiHeHTOB. Baamo 3HaTb CBOH CO6-
    CTBeHHbie cjia6bie MecTa H 3aHHMaTbcn Hccjie,aoBaHHeM co6cTBeHHbix CJ> H-
    3HnecKHx omymeHHH. Baina TejiecHan oco3HaHHOCTb ejiaeT BOSMOJKHMM
    B3aHMHoe peryjiHpoBaHHe.
    ^
    rjIABA 6

    OCpoHutecfiue SOAU U Soxe3nu

    pHHHTO CHHTaTb, HTO 3MOIJHOHaJIbHbIH CTpeCC CnOCo6cTByeT TO -


    6oJIHM, 60JIHM B ^CHBOTe HJIH HBCTblM npOCTy/JHblM 3a ~
    JIOBHblM
    6oJieBaHHHM. B3aHMOCBH3b Me^czny CTpeCCOM H 6oJie3HbK) yCHJTHBaeTCfl,
    ecjiH y KjiHeHTOB ecTb TpaBMa B aHaMHe3e. Hepa3pemeHHbie TpaBMaTHne-
    CKHe BOCnOMHHaHHH H CBH3aHHbie C HHMH SMOIJHOHaJIbHbie paCCTpOHCTBa
    MoryT npHBecTH K yxyzjmeHHio CHMITTOMOB H , B HexoTopbix CHTyaijHax,
    K pa3BHTHio KOHBepCHOHHbix paccrpoHCTB [ Gupta , 2013]. Hepa3pemeHHoe
    nocTTpaBMaTHnecKoe cipeccoBoe paccTpoflcTBO MO^KCT cnoco6cTBOBaTb
    AHc6ajiaHcy BereTaTHBHOH HepBHOH CHCTeMbi, KoppejmpyeT c BocnajieHH -
    eM B opraHH3Me H CBH3aHO c npo6 jieMaMH co 3aopoBbeM, BKJnoHaa: npo-
    6 jieMbi c nnmeBapeHHeM, ayTOHMMyHHbie COCTOHHHH H HapymeHHH CHa
    [ Boscarino, 2004; Bergmann, 2012; O' Donovan et al, 2016; Scaer, 2005;
    Vachon - Presseau et al., 2013]. CBH3b MexAy nocTTpaBMaTHHecKHM CTpec-
    COBblM paCCTpOHCTBOM H 6oJie3HbK) OCo6eHHO CHJIbHa, eCJIH B eTCTBe npo-
    ^
    HCXO HJIH TpaBMHpyiomne co6biTH5i [ Felitti et al., 1998]. KpoMe Toro, xpo-
    ^
    HHHecKan 6ojib HJIH 6ojie3Hb MoryT npHBecTH K nepeMeHaM B >KH3HH , TaKHM
    KaK noTepn pa6oTbi, noTepn floxo/ ja H ycnjieHHe ceMeHHoro CTpecca [ Grant
    & Threlfo, 2002 ]. HeicoTopbie RJIHCHTH , BO3MO2ECHO, crajiKHBajmcb c HHBa-
    3HBHbIMH Me /JHIJHHCKHMH npOIjeAypaMH HJIH HyBCTBOBaJIH 6eCIIOKOHCTBO,
    CBH3aHHoe c 6yftym; HMH Me HijHHCKHMH npou;e ypaMH. KpoMe Toro, He -
    npaBHjibHoe ,
    ^ ^
    TaKoe KaK HeBepHbiH flHarH03, HeaocTaTOHHan HJIH
    jieneHHe

    Hpe3MepHan Me/ jHKaMeHT03Ha5i TepaiiHfl , MoryT ycyry6nTb 6ojib, co3AaTb


    CTpecc H , B xyameM cjiynae, npHBecTH
    ^K onojiHHTejibHbiH

    HHBajiHOTocTH
    3Moi
    ^ HOHajibHbiH

    [ Grant, 2016].
    EMDR -TepanHH H TejiecHO -opHeHTHpoBaHHan ncHxoTepanHH OCHO-
    BaHbi Ha 6HoncHxocoijHajibHOH MoaejiH noMonjH , KOTopaa noapa3yMe-
    BaeT, HTO CHMnTOMbI KJIHeHTa B03HHKaiOT B pe3yJIbTaTe B3aHMOaOHCTBHH
    6nOXHMHHeCKHX , nCHXOJIOTHHeCKHX , COLJHaJIbHblX H KyjIbTypHbIX J
    ( )aK -
    TopoB. BHoncHxocouHajibHbiii HOJXXOJI ynHTbiBaeT o6i>eKTHBHbie C])H3H -
    necKne H 6HOJiorHHecKHe J
    ( )aKTopbi 6OJIH H 6ojie3HH, a TaK^e 4>aKTopbi
    DiaBa 6 XpOHnnecKHe 6OJIH H 6o;ie3HH 225

    ncHxojioraHecKoro HJIH ncHxoreHHoro npoHCxoacAeHHH [ Gatchel, 2004 ].


    BuoncHxocouHajibHbm IIORXOJX noMoraeT KJiHeHTaM noBbiCHTb nyBCTBO
    KOHTpOJIH , CaM03(]) ( )eKTHBH0CTH H CaMOperyjIHIJHH B OTHOHieHHH HHTeH -
    J
    CHBHOCTH H npOJUOJDKHTeJIbHOCTH TpeBOHCHbIX |
    ( ) H3HHeCKHX CHMIITOMOB.

    Bbijio noKa3aHO, HTO EMDR-TepanHH 3(])4)eKTHBHa B yMeHbmeHHH CHM -


    nTOMOB xpoHHHecKoii 6OJIH H 6ojie3Heii [ Gerhardt , Eich , Seidler & Tesarz ,
    2013; Grant , 2016; Mazzola et al., 2009; Ray & Page , 2002; Salehian et al.,
    2016; Shapiro , 2009; Shapiro , 2014]. Han6ojiee npHMenaTejibHOH HBJineTCH
    pa6oTa AOKTopa Mapica TpaHTa [ Grant , 2016], KOTopbiH npHMeHHeT jjBy-
    CTOpOHHIOK) CTHMyjIHIJHIO C HHCTaJIJIHIJHeH peCypCOB, HTC)6 bI 3aHOBO Hay-
    HHT b yM cocpeAOTaHHBaTbCH Ha npnHTHbix HJIH HeHTpajibHbix omymeHHnx.
    TpaHT Taioice no/nnepicHBaeT BancHocTb /ieceHCH6HJiH3auHH TpaBMaTHne -
    CKHX BocnoMHHaHHH , KOTopbie ycyry6 jiHiOT 6ojieBbie omymeHHH, nyTeM
    nepepa6oTKH acJ eiCTHBHbix KOMnoHeHTOB H KOMHOHCHTOB BocnoMHHa-
    HHH ^
    o 6OJIH H 6ojie3HH. /lonojiHHTejibHbie HCCJieji.OBaHHH EMDR -TepanHH
    /yin jieneHHH 6OJIH 6bijiH npoBejjeHbi Ha ocHOBe KJiHHHnecKHx HCCJieAOBa-
    HHH , nOCBHIUeHHblX ( jjaHTOMHOH 60JIH B KOHeHHOCTHX, B KOTOpbIX AByCTO-
    pOHHHH CTHMyjIHIJHH npHBOAHJia K 3HaHHTeJIbHOMy yMeHbHieHHK), a B He -
    KOTOpbix cjiynanx H ycTpaHeHHio 6ojieBbix CHMHTOMOB [ de Roos et al., 2010;
    Schneider, Hofmann , Rost & Shapiro , 2008; Tinker & Wilson , 2005; Wilensky ,
    2006]. KpoMe Toro, HCCJie/ jOBaHHH noKa3ajm, HTO EMDR-TepanHH B CO-
    neTaHHH c AHa(]) parMajibHbiM £ bixaHHeM H npHKOCHOBeHHeM 3(]xJ)eKTHBHa
    JIJIH SbiCTporo o6 jiemeHHH npHCTynoB MHrpeHH [ Marcus , 2008]. KpoMe
    TOTO, EMDR -TepanHH MoaceT npHMeHHTbcn /yin ycTpaHeHHH MejjHUHH -
    CKOH TpaBMbi, CBH3aHHOH c xHMHOTepanneH , xHpyprHnecKHM BMemaTejib-
    CTBOM H ApyrHMH conyTCTByioiii. HMH CHMnTOMaMH [ Shapiro , 2009].
    B 3TOH rjiaBe MM paciHHpneM cymecTByiomee npHMeHeHHe EMDR -
    TepanHH npn xpoHHnecKHx 6OJIHX H 6ojie3HHx , y ejiHH oco6oe BHHMaHHe
    ^
    -opHeHTHpoBaHHOH ncHxoTepanHH H BoccTaHaBjiHBaiomeH cnjie
    TejiecHO

    ABHHceHHH. TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHaH ncHxoTeTpanHH ycnjiHBaeT HH -


    TepouenTHBHoe oco3HaHHe, noMoran KjineHTaM CBH3biBaTb omymeHHH
    c 3MOUHHMH H BOCCTaHaBjiHBaTb ncuejiHiomHe RBHHCEHHH [ Aposhyan , 2007;
    Caldwell , 1997; Geuter, 2015; Fogel , 2009]. IIoftMHOHcecTBO HencnxoTepa-
    neBTHnecKHx coMaTHnecKHx MeTOjjOB, Ha3biBaeMbix Tepanneft TejiecHoro
    OC03HaHHH, TaKHCe MOHCeT nOMOHb KJIHeHTaM H 36aBHTbCH OT XpOHHHeCKOH
    6OJIH H 6ojie3HH. IIpHMepbi BKjnonaiOT coMaraicy XaHHbi [ Hanna , 2004 ],
    MeTOfl OejibAeHKpaH3a [ Feldenkrais, 2009], HoraTepannio [Jeter, Slutsky ,
    226 HacTb 2 GP ncHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    Singh & Khalsa , 2015 ] H MaccaacHyio Tepannio [ Field , 2014]. OcHOBHan ijejib
    TepanHH Ha ocHOBe TejiecHoro oco3HaHHH — noMonb KjiHeHTaM oco3HaTb

    CBOK cnoco6HOCTb yMeHbinaTb cy6i>eKTHBHoe omymeHHe 6OJIH nocpejj-


    )

    CTBOM oco3HaHHoro BH ceHHH HJIH npHKOCHOBeHHH. OflHaico 6 bijio Taioice


    noKa3aHO, HTO
    ^> ^
    nojio KHTejibHoe BjiHHHHe TepanHH Ha ocHOBe TejiecHoro

    0C03HaHHH yBeJIHHHBaeT CnOCo6 HOCTb KJIHeHTOB npHHHMaTb peaJIbHOCTb


    TaKoft , KaKan OHa ecTb, noBbimaeT cnoco6HOCTb npHHHMaTb CBOIO jiHHHocTb
    H yjiynmaeT MejKJiHHHOCTHbie OTHomeHHH [ Gard , 2005 ]. B ijejioM, TLOAXORM
    KOMnJieMeHTapHOH H aJIbTepHaTHBHOH Me HUiHHbl , nOZlo6Hbie 3THM , HaH -
    6ojiee 3(JxJ)eKTHBHbi, a OHH
    Kor
    ^
    Hcnojib3yioTCH B paMKax HHTerparaBHOH
    MeAHHHHCKOH KOMaHflbi ,
    ^ ncHxoTepaneBTOB [ Astin, Soeken ,
    BKjnonaiomeH
    Sierpina & Clarridge , 2006]. TOHHO Tax ace TejiecHo-opHeHTHpoBaHHan
    ncHxoTepanHH noSyacjjaeT RJIHCHTOB 3aHHMaTbcn noBbimeHHeM TejiecHoro
    OC03HaHHH , HTo6 bI nOMOHb HM OC03HaTb, HTO 6oJie3HeHHbie nepe KHBaHHH
    ^
    He Tpe6yiOT TaKTHKH no6era HJIH peaKTHBHOCTH . 3TH MeTojjbi CBH3aHbi
    c yjiynineHHeM TOHyca 6 jiy2K£aiomero HepBa, BereTaTHBHOH rH6KOCTbio
    H yMeHbineHHeM 6OJIH [ Kok & Fredrickson, 2010; Kok et al . , 2013; Carson
    et al . , 2005]. HHOima TenecHO-opneHTHpoBaHHan ncnxoTepanHH uowieT no-
    6yzjHTb KJineHTa cocpeziOTOHHTb BHHMaHHe Ha 6ojieBbix CHMnTOMax. 3TOT
    npou;ecc MO^ceT noKa3aTbcn HejiorHHHbiM jyin Tex KjmeHTOB, KOTopne npo-
    BO HT 3HanHTejibHoe KOJinnecTBO BpeMeHH , H36eran £ HCKOM (J)opTa. TeM
    ^
    He MeHee , oco3HaHHoe Ha6 jnoaeHHe onncaTejibHoro BocnpHHTHH 6ojieBbix
    OIU,ymeHHH HBJIHeTCH OflHHM H3 HHCTpyMeHTOB H3MeHeHHH Cy6'beKTHBHOTO
    ypoBHH 6OJIH y KJineHTOB [ Freeza, 2008; Price et al . , 2007 ].
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    ce6n npeAaHHbiMH CBOHM TCJIOM H, KaK cjie/iCTBHe, 6onTbcn omymeHHH.
    CoMaTHnecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa noMoraiOT K/ineHTaM MezmeHHo H 6e3onac-
    HO BOCCTaHOBHTb CBH3b C TeJIOM. B 3TOH TJiaBe npe JiaraiOTCH HHCTpyMeHTbl ,
    ^
    KOTopbie noMoryT KJineHTaM cocpe oTonHTbcn Ha HHTepoijenTHBHOM oco3-
    ^
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    IJHHMH. KpoMe TOTO, 3TOT npouecc npe jiaraeT KJineHTaM 3aHOBO OTKPBITB
    ^
    AJia ce6n Tejio Kax HCTOHHHK no3HTHBHbix H JXA>ice npnnTHbix omymeHHH.
    CnHTe3 EMDR -TepanHH H TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHOH ncnxoTepanHH nrpa-
    eT Ba CHyio pojib, nocKOJibKy CHMOTOMBI xpoHHnecKOH 6OJIH H 6ojie3HH HHTe
    ^ -
    )eKTHBHbiMH npoueccaMH. Mbi npe Jiara-
    rpnpyiOTCH c ceTHMH naMHTH H a( | Jx ^
    eM , KOTopbie noMoraiOT KJineHTaM BbiCTpoHTb pyTHHy caMO-
    BMemaTejibCTBa

    nOMOmH H npHMeHHTb OC03HaHHOCTb B KaneCTBe HHCTpyMeHTa AJIH pa6oTbI


    DiaBa 6 & XpoHHHecKne 6OJIH H 6ojie3HH 227

    c HenpHHTHbiMH CHMiiTOMaMH H Aaace BbicjiyniHBaHHH HX. ajibHemime


    BMemaTejibCTBa ^
    HccjieAyiOT Hcnojib30BaHHe TpaAHijHOHHbix H MOAH(})HIJH-
    poBaHHbix npoTOKOJiOB EMDR -TepanHH AJIH ycrpaHeHHH TpaBMaTHHecKHx
    BOCnOMHHaHHH , CnOCo6cTByiOmHX 4> H3HHeCKOMy ^HCTpeCCy.
    nOHHMAHHE EOJIH
    no onpezjejieHHio, xpoHHnecKan 6OJIB OTHOCHTCH K 6 ojieBbiM CHMmoMaM ,
    KOTOpbie HeJIb3H o6bHCHHTb TOJIbKO ]
    ( ) H3HHeCKOH naTOJIOTHeH . HaJIHHHe
    AHarH03a nacra AaeT enc M
    nyBCTBO Ha H HCHOCTH B TOM , HTO npo6 jieMa
    MoaceT 6 biTb
    ^ ^
    perneHa. TaKHM o6pa30 , M mmeHTbi c xpoHHHecKoii 6ojibio
    H 6oJie3HbK) MaCTO HyBCTByiOT Ce6n 6eCCHJIbHbIMH HJIH 6ecnOMOII],HbIMH H,
    KaK cjieACTBHe, noABepraiOTcn 6ojibineMy pncKy AenpeccHH, HapymeHHH
    CHa H caMoy6HHCTBa [ Gotchel, 2004 ]. Kopone roBopn , 3Ty CBH3b MO>KHO
    onncaTb KaK nopoHHbiii Kpyr, KOTopbiH co BpeMeHeM MonceT yxyAiHHTbcn ,
    ecjiH He npHHHTb TepaneBTmecKHe Mepbi.

    EoJIb HBJIHeTCH KaK (])H3HHeCKHM , CeHCOpHbIM npOUeCCOM , TaK H a4> (J)eK -


    THBHbIM Cy6beKTHBHbIM HBJieHHeM. BoenpHHTHe, BOCnOMHHaHHH , 3MOUHH
    H y6e CAeHHH HBJIHIOTCH OCHOBHMMH KOMnoHeHTaMH 6OJIH , a He npocTO ee
    ^
    nocjie/ jcTBHHMH. MHorwe ( ) aKTopbi MoryT ycyry6 jiHTb xpoHHnecKHe 6ojie -
    J
    Bbie COCTOHHHH , BKjnonan CTpecc, Hepa3penieHHyio TpaBMy, Hepa3pemeHHyio
    TpaBMy jxeTCKoik npHBH3aHHOCTH , TpeBory, njioxoii COH , MajionoABH)KHbiH
    o6pa3 5KH3HH , coijHajibHyio H30JIHH.HK) H HenpaBHjibHoe nmaHHe [ Grant ,
    2016]. HanpHMep, HCCJieAOBaHHH noKa3biBaiOT, HTO coaHajibHan H30JIHIJHH
    aKTHBHpyeT Te ace HeiipoHHbie neim , HTO H 6ojib [ Eisenberger, 2012 ]. KpoMe
    TOTO, o KH aHHe noTepn HJIH TpaBMbi , Aance ecjiH OHa HHKor a He npoH3oii -
    ^ ^ ^
    AET, MonceT npHBecTH K 6ojieBOMy omymeHHio B Tejie [ Bematzky, Presch ,
    .

    Anderson & Panksepp, 2011].


    C HeHpo(])H3HOJiorHHecKOH TOHKH 3peHHH 6ojib H3HanajibHO omymaeTcn
    B opraHH3Me nepe3 HouHuenTopw , ceHcopHbie peijenTopbi , KOTOpbie cyme -
    CTByioT BO BceM Tejie B Mbiniuiax, opraHax , cycTaBax H Konce. 3TH ceHcopHbie
    HeHpOHbi nocbijiaiOT 6o;ieBbie CHTHajibi B CHHHHOH H TOJIOBHOH MO3r. 3Aecb
    jiHM6HnecKHe ueHTpbi B M03ry npHnHCbiBaioT 6OJIH SMOAHOHajibHyio OKpa -

    CKy. YpOBeHb HHTeHCHBHOCTH 60JIH OnpeAeJIHeTCH HaiHHM BOCnpHHTHeM ,


    KOTopoe BKjnonaeT B ce6n npHnncbreaHHe yMCTBeHHoro BnenaTjieHHH HJIH
    onHcaHHH , TaKoro KaK Tynan, ocTpan, AH(])c}) y3Han , HecTepnHMan HJIH HeBbi -
    HOCHMan . Bojib B jxajibne &weM (JiopMHpyeTcn HaniHMH SMOijHOHajibHbiMH
    228 HacTb 2 & IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeniaTejibCTBa

    peaicijHflMH. HanpHMep, omymeHHe 6OJIH Mo^ceT cnHTaTbcn yrpoacaiomHM


    HJIH nyraiomHM . MBICJIH H y6e)KAeHH5i, TaKHe KaK “ n He Mory cnpaBHTbcn
    co CBoeft 6 ojibio ” HJIH “ n nyBCTByio ce6n 6eccHJibHbiM npoTHB CBoen 6OJIH ,
    TaK ce 4> opMHpyioT nepeacHBaHHe 6OJIH. KpoMe Toro, BOcnoMHHaHHn MO-
    ^
    ryT ycHjiHBaTb TeKymee BoenpHHTHe 6OJIH 3a cneT a 4> (J)eKTHBHOH 3arpy3KH
    6ojieBoro cnmajia B M03r. HanpHMep, y nejiOBeica c (J) H6poMHajirHeH 6yziyT
    BOcnoMHHaHHH o npe bmyiijHx o6ocTpeHHnx , KOTopbie HH| ( )opMHpyiOT ero
    ^
    o TeKymHx CHMmoMax H Bbi3biBaiOT CTpax nepea 6yzjymHMH o6ocrpeHH-
    HMH. BocnoMHHaHHe o npe/ jbmymHX TpaBMax HJIH 6OJIH STO 3amHTHan
    ,
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    jKaiomero MOMeHTa B nponuioM noMoraiOT no/ jroTOBHTbcn K 6y,n;ymeH CH -

    Tyai HH , Kor a nejiOBeK MO ceT CTOJiKHyTbcn c no/i;o6 HOH yrpo3oft. B He-


    ^ ^ ^
    KOTopbix cjiynanx Mbimijbi HanpnraiOTcn npn no roTOBKe K caMOo6opoHe,
    ^
    Kor a Ha caMOM jxejie onacHOCTH HeT. K co cajieHHio, nepe caTbie Mbinnjbi
    ^ ^ ^
    MoryT ycHjiHBaTb 6ojieBbie omymeHHH. XpoHHnecKoe Hanp5DKeHHe TaKace
    MOJKeT OTTaJIKHBaTb HeBbIHOCHMbie 3MOIi; HH. C TeneHHeM BpeMeHH XpOHH -
    necKoe MbimenHoe Hanpn ceHHe MO>KeT ocraBaTbcn HH 5Ke ypoBHH co3HaHHH
    ^
    .
    [ Samo , 1999]. ZJpyrHMH CJIOBaMH, xpoHHnecKan 6OJIB nacTo CBH3aHa c OT-
    KJHoneHHeM ceHcopHoro co3HaHHH. KaK 6yjjeT noKa3aHO HHace , HaijejiHBa -
    HHe Ha 6ojib npe nojiaraeT MejyieHHoe BoccTaHOBjieHHe HHTeponenTHBHO-
    ^
    ro 0C03HaBaHHH , HTo6bI OHO He npHBOJIHJIO K IHOKy HJIH JI,HCTpeCCy
    HeKOTOpbIM KJIHeHTaM, B03M05KH0, nponHCaJIH 6eH30,aHa3enHHbI npn
    6ojieBbix CHMnTOMax. O HaKO OTOT KJiacc jieKapCTB CHHTaeicn npOTHBono-
    ^
    Ka3aHHbiM npn nocTTpaBMaTHnecKOM CTpeccoBOM paccTpoftcTBe , nocKOJib-
    Ky OHH eme 6ojibine no aBJinioT (}) H3HOJiorHHecKHe H ncnxojiorHnecKHe
    ^
    npon;eccbi, Heo6xo£HMbie ZJJIH pa3peineHHH TpaBMbi [ Yehuda, 2008; Brewin,
    Huntley & Whalley , 2012]. TaKHe jieKapcTBa MoryT BbicrynaTb B KanecTBe
    6apbepa RJIX jieneHHH BO BpeMn EMDR -TepanHH. Ilo BO3MO?KHOCTH, peKO-
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    ^
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    6OJIH H 6ojie3HH TaKHM o6pa30M, HTO6BI He npeyMeHbinaTb H He HraopHpo -
    BaTb HCTpecc KJineHTa. TaKace BaacHO ynHTbiBaTb coijHajibHbie H KyjibTyp -
    ^
    Hbie | ( )aKTOpbI 6oJie3HH H XpOHHHeCKHX 6oJieBbIX CHMnTOMOB. B3pOCJIbie ,

    CTOJIKHyBniHeCH C He6 jiarOnpHHTHbIMH Co6 bITHflMH B TieTCTBe, MOrjIH TaK -


    5Ke CTpa/IiaTb OTCyTCTBHeM nOCTOHHHOH MeflHIJHHCKOH nOMOmH JXOMa , He -
    JtOCTaTOHHblM MOJjeJIHpOBaHHeM THrHeHHHeCKHX npaKTHK , HejJOCTaTOHHblM
    DiaBa 6 XpoHnnecKHe 6OJIH H 6ojie3HH 229

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    ^
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    ^
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    EOJIH H 3ABOJIEBAHHHX
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    KJIHeHTaM npHHHTb TOT (J)aKT, HTO HeKOTOpbie CHMnTOMbI HeJIb3H H3MCHHTb.
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    ^
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    CHOP AHAMHE3A nPH XPOHHHECKOH


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    HTO ncHxoTepaneBTbi ocBeziiOMjieHbi o MeflHijHHCKHX #HarH03ax , jieKap-
    CTBax, KOTopbie KJineHT B HacTOflmee BpeMH npHHHMaeT, H jno6bix TeKymnx
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    BJIHHJIH Ha APyrHX HJieHOB ceMbH KJIHeHTa .
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    noAnepKHBaeTCH , HTO AOJDKHBI ocTaBaTbcn CTOHKHMH, HecMOTpn
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    Ha BbicoKHH ypoBeHb AHCTpecca , B TO BpeMH KaK B Apyinx KyjibTypax MOAC-


    jinpyeTCH 6ojiee BbipaaceHHan 6ojieBan CHMnTOMaTHKa. KpoMe TOTO, COO6-
    maJIOCb O pa3JIHHHHX B paCOBbIX H STHHHeCKHX peaKIJHHX Ha 6oJIb, KOTopbie
    MoryT HMeTb reHeTHnecKoe nponcxojKAeHHe [ Anderson, Green & Payne ,
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    OHM xopoiuo BbICbinamCH . flonpOCMTe KHMeHTOB C03RdTb MeHTd / lbHblM
    cpMJibM, B KOTOPOM TpeBom ycnemno nepepaioTCB COK)3HMK3M. Y6eRMTecb,
    HTO MeHTanbHbiM (pM / ibM MMeeT nono)KMTenbHbiM xapaxrep, He copepxMT
    xaxMX -JiM6o npo6neM , a 3areM Bbino / iHMre npopepypy BLS/ DAS Ha BceM
    ero npormeHMM M noBropMre ee TpM - nmb pa3. He Bbino/ iHHMTe npope-
    pypy BLS/ DAS, noxa Becb MeHTanbHbiM (pMJibM He 6ypeT no3 MTMBHbiM .
    BbinonHHMTe npoBepxy Mexpy cepMmn, HTo6 bi ybeRMTbcn, HTO xnMem
    HyBCTByeT Ce6(l 3 a3 eMneHHblM , CnOXOMHbIM M n03 MTMBHblM B OTHOLlieHMM
    MemanbHoro ipMnbMa.
    Tenepb a xony, HTo 6 bi Bbi npeflCTaBM /iM STOT cjw /ibM nepefl CBOHM Mbic -
    zieHHbiM B 3 opoM , noxa Mbi flo 6aB /iHeM npoueflypy BLS/ DAS. 06paTMTe
    BHHMaHMe Ha TO , HTO Bbi AywaeTe , HyBCTByeTe M omymaeTe . flaMTe MHe
    3 HaTb, Korfla HaHMHaTb npopeAypy BLS/ DAS M KorAa ee ocTaHaB/iMBaTb.
    Mbi BbinojiHMM npoBepxy no3xe.
    238 HacTb 2 ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    HOrA B EMDR-TEPAriHH
    J 3BHJX SMepcoH yna-
    JXOKTOP Beccejib BaH jxep KOJIK H HHCTpyKTop Horn \
    CTBOBajiH B HccjieAOBaHHH 3 j) eKTHBHOcra MOTH , HanpaBJieHHOH Ha Jiene -
    4 ( )

    Hue TpaBM , /yin yMeHbineHHH CHMOTOMOB nocrrpaBMaTHHecKoro CTpecco-


    Boro paccTpoficTBa [ .Emerson & West, 2015]. HccjieAOBaHHfl noKa3biBaiOT,
    HTO flora noMoraeT yMeHbniHTb aKTHBaijHio BereTaraBHOH CHMnaraHecKOH
    HepBHOH CHCTeMbI , CHH3HTB KpOBHHOe flaBJieHHe , yJiyHIHHTb HeHpOSH O -
    KpHHHyiO aKTHBHOCTb H yMeHbUIHTb CHMIlTOMbl IIOCTTpaBMaTHHeCKOrO
    ^
    crpeccoBoro paccTpoflcTBa [ Price et al., 2017; Rhodes, Spinazzola & van der
    Kolk , 2016; van der Kolk et al., 2014 ]. Hx Mojxejib JieneHHH BKjnonaeT no-
    cemeHHe 3aHHTHH JieneOHOH ftoroil B KanecTBe flonojiHHTejibHoro jieneHHH
    Hapn / jy c ncHxoTepanHeft nocTTpaBMaTHHecKoro CTpeccoBoro paccTpon -
    CTBa. IlocemeHHe rpynnoBbix 3aHHTHH iforon no3BOjraeT yKpenjiHTb COIJH -
    aJIbHbie CBH3H H yMeHbinaTb H30JIflaHK>, CBH3aHHyK) C nOCTTpaBMaTHHeCKHM
    erpeccoBbiM paccTpoficTBOM. SMepcoH [ Emerson, 2015] oimcbraaeT fiory,
    HanpaBjieHHyio Ha jieneHHe ncHxojiorHnecKHx TpaBM , icaic nacTb \ j BwyKe -
    HHH TeJieCHO-OpHeHTHpOBaHHOH nCHXOTepanHH C IjeJIblO COCpe OTOHHTbCH
    Ha nepe^CHBaHHH B / jaHHbifl MOMCHT, pacno3HaTb Bbi6op, ocTynHbm 3&ecb
    ^
    ^
    H ceflHac, H npezjnpHHHTb encTBHH , ocHOBaHHbie Ha 3TOM Bbi6ope.
    ^
    3aHHTHH Horoft , HanpaBjieHHoft Ha jieneHHe ncHxojiorHHecKHx TpaBM,
    ZIocTynHbi He Bcerzja. HeKOTopbie KJineHTbi MoryT BoenpHHHMaTb rpynno-
    Bbie 3aHHTHH 3MOIJHOHaJIbHO H| ( ) H3HHeCKH 6e30 naCHbIMH. Tlpyrne KJIHeHTbl

    MoryT noHanajiy cnecTb rpynnoBbie 33HHTHH nyraiomHMH HJIH no/ jaBjuno-


    HJHMH. B TaKHx cjiynanx ncHxoTepaneBTbi MoryT noompflTb KjmeHTOB K BBI-
    nojiHeHHio o6 jienieHHbix OManiHHx ynpaacHeHHH MOTH. IIcHXOTepaneBTbi
    ^
    c cepTH(})HKaTOM ynmejiH flora , HanpaBjieHHofl Ha JieneHHe TpaBM, MoryT
    Hcnojib30BaTb HHTerpaiiHio TepaneBTHHecicofl MOTH H EMDR -TepanHH ,

    pa3pa6aTbiBan nocjieAOBaTejibHOcra no3, aAanTHpoBaHHbie AJIH nn nBujxy -


    ajibHbix KJiHeHTOB. \J JIK ncnxoTepaneBTOB, He HMeiomux onbiTa npeno/ ja-
    ^
    BaHHH MOTH , npocTbie TepaneBTHnecKHe npaKTHKH MOTH MoryT 6 biTb jienco
    HHTerpHpoBaHbi B EMDR -Tepannio B KanecTBe noTeHijHajibHbix pecypcoB
    RJifl. KJineHTa Ha 3Tane noaroTOBKH.
    flora, Kax H jno 6atf npaKTHKa oco3HaHHOCTH, ocHOBaHa Ha oco3HaHHH ,
    CKOHueHTpHpoBaHHOM Ha HacTonmeM MOMeHTe , HacTpoe yMa Ha OTcyT-
    CTBHe Cy CZieHHH , OC03HaHHH TeJieCHbIX OmymeHHH H OC03HaHHH MOAeJieH
    ^
    ZiibixaHHH. flora — STO J
    ( )opMa caMono3HaHHH , KOTopan BKjnonaeT B ce6H
    DiaBa 6 &P XpoHHnecKHe 6OJIH H 6o;ie3HH 239

    BHHMaHwe K eaceMHHyTHbiM nepe^cHBaHH^ M H 3aMenaHHe CBH3eft ueyKjxy


    MbICJIHMH , TeJieCHbIMH OmymeHHHMH H 3MOIJHHMH. Mora BKJIIOHaeT B ce6n
    ynpa^CHeHHH , KOTopbie MoryT 6 biTb KaK 3a3eMjraiomHMH, TaK H 6OAPHIH;H-
    MH. HanpHMep, noroBCKoe jibixaHHe H3MeHneT PHTM H npoAOJDKHTejibHocTb
    BJXOXOB H BBIAOXOB KaK cpe/ jCTBO noBbiineHHH TH6 KOCTH CHCTCM pearapoBa-
    HHH Ha CTpecc. TaKHM o6 pa30M , nora noMoraeT KJiHeHTaM o6 pecra 6ojibinee
    HyBCTBO KOHTpOJIH no CpaBHeHHIO C HeKOHTpOJIHpyeMbIMH 3MOI], HOHaJIbHbI -
    MH COCTOHHHHMH TpeBOrH , IiaHHKH HJIH OTHaHHHH . B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TOrO,
    nyBCTByeT JIH KJIHCHT ce6 x B036yjK /i,eHHbiM npw COCTOHHHHX ranepB03-
    6y^CAeHHOH HepBHOH CHCTeMbI HJIH yTOMJieHHbIM npH COCTOHHHHX rrnio-
    B036y CAeHH0H HepBHOH CHCTeMbI , 3TH ynpaJKHeHHfl MOJKHO a anTHpOBaTb
    ^ ^
    jxjm oSjienieHHH paBHOBecnn Tejia H pa3yMa. BaacHO OTMeTHTb, HTO Tepa -
    neBTHHecKan iiora He CTaBHT BO rjiaBy yrjia BHeniHHH BUJX no3bi. CKopee,
    no3bi o6ecneHHBaiOT ocHOBy jym HCCJie oBaHHH JIHHHOCTH.
    ^
    CjieAyioiiJiHe peKOMeH/ jaitHH no TepaneBTHnecKOH ftore B EMDR -
    TepanHH MOJKHO npHMeHHTb KaK B HH HBHAyajibHOM , TaK H B rpynnoBOM
    (JiopMaTe.
    ^
    • 06ecnenbTe 6e3onacHOCTb. Be3onacHOCTb HBjineTCH o6n3aTejibHbiM
    ycjiOBHeM RJin TepaneBTHnecKOH HOTH. ECJIH KJIHCHT He nyBCTByeT
    ce6n B 6e3onacHOCTH BO BHenmeH cpe e, eMy Tpy HO nojiyHHTb HC-
    ^ ^
    ijejmiomee BHyTpeHHee nepeacHBaHHe. HTO6BI o6ecnenHTb 6e3onac-
    HocTb, c ejiaiiTe aKijeHT Ha omymeHHH Tejia, a He Ha TOM , KaK BBI -
    ^
    no3a. Be3onacHOCTb TaK^ce BKJiiOHaeT B ce6n H3biK, KOTopbiii
    TJIH,ZI,HT
    ncHxoTepaneBTbi Hcnojib3yiOT, HTO6BI npe/yiaraTb no3bi HOTH , a He
    yKa3biBaTb KJiHeHTaM, HTO / jejiaTb. K/meHTbi c nocnpaBMaTHHecKHM
    CTpeCCOBbIM paCCTpoiiCTBOM HaCTO npOHBJIHIOT CBepx6AHTeJIbHOCTb
    no OTHomeHHK) K OKpyjKaiomeii cpezte, nocroHHHO CKaHHpyn OKpyaca-
    lomyio cpezi,y Ha npe/ jMeT noTeHunajibHoro pncKa. Mora no3BOjmeT
    BXOAHTb H BbIXOflHTb H3 3TOTO HaCTOpO^KeHHOTO COCTOHHHH , HTO npH -
    BO/JHT K 6ojibineH jierKOCTH B Tejie. HanpHMep , B no3e pe6eHKa JIO6
    ynnpaeTCH B CBepHyrae o enjio HJIH noji. IGmeHTy npe/yiaraeTcn HC -
    ^
    cjieAOBaTb, KaK OH ce6n nyBCTByeT, no3BOJiHH MbiimiiaM men H cnHHbi

    paccjia6HTbcn B 6e3onacHoii cpe,ae.

    • ycTaHOBHTe HaMepeHHe .
    KjnoneBan nacTb TepaneBTHnecKOH HOTH
    BKJNONAET B ce6n ycTaHOBJieHHe HaMepeHHH. HaMepeHHH o6ecnenH -
    BaioT HKopb jinn. yMa, JiOKycnpyH BHHMaHHe Ha O
    (
    ^HOH ijejm HJIH HAee
    240 HacTb 2
    ^ ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    BO BpeMH ynpa ^KHeHHH. IIpHMepbi HaMepeHHH BKAiona-


    BbinojiHeHHH

    IOT cocpeAOToneHHe BHHMaHHH Ha cocTpaflaHHH K ce6e, 6 jiarozj;apHO-


    CTH , npe6 bIBaHHH B ASHHOM MOMeHTe HJIH COXpaHeHHH paBHOBeCHH.
    MOACeT 6bITb nOJie3HbIM HanOMHHTb KJIHeHTaM, HTO OTBJieKaTbCH —
    3TO HopMajibHO, H HTO nacTb npoijecca BKjnoHaeT B ce6n nepnoAHHe-
    6
    CKoe B03BpameHHe K Bbi paHHOMy HaMepeHHK) Ha BceM npoTAAceHHH
    TpeHHpOBKH.

    • CocpeAOTOMbTecb Ha Bbi6ope. KjiHeHTbi He Bbi6Hpajm CBoe TpaB-


    MHpyiomee nponuioe, H OHH nacTO nyBCTByioT ce6n 6eccHJibHbiMH
    H 6ecnOMOmHbIMH B OTBeT Ha CHMnTOMbI nocTTpaBMaTHHecKoro
    CTpeCCOBOrO paCCTpOHCTBa. Il03T0My BaACHO, HTo6bI KJIHeHTbl 3HaJIH ,
    HTO y HHX ecTb Bbi6op B JHO6OM ynpa cHeHHH HOTH. Y KAHCHTOB ecTb
    ^
    B03M 0ACH0CTB H3yHHTb, KaK TOHKHe H3MeHeHHA B AbIXaHHH , ABHACe -
    HHH HJIH n 03e BAHAIOT Ha HX (J) H3HHeCKOe H SMOIJHOHaAbHOe caMO-
    nyBCTBHe. HanpHMep, OAHH H3 BapnaHTOB ynpaACHeHHA npe JiaraeT
    ^
    KJIHeHTy Bbl6op, JXepyKZTb JIH rjia3a OTKpbITbIMH HJIH 3aKpbITbIMH .
    ,HpyroH Bbi6op MOACCT 3aKAiOAaTbCA B TOM, HTO6H AOAbrne yAepACH -
    BaTb CAOACHyio 4) H3HHecKyio no3y HJIH OTCTynHTb H OTAOXHyTb.

    • HccjieAyHTe Abixamie . Ruxamie STO ocHOBa AK>6OH npaKTHKH


    HOTH . HMeHHO AbixaHHe cnoco6HO peryjiHpoBaTb HepBHyio CHCTeMy.
    MaCTO JIIOflH C nOCTTpaBMaTHHeCKHM CTpeCCOBbIM paCCTpOHCTBOM
    3a ;ep cHBaioT AbixaHHe HJIH AbimaT Herjiy6oKO B BepxHioio nacTb
    ^ ^
    rpyAHOH KJieTKH. MoAceT 6biTb nojie3HbiM HCCJie OBaTb yrjiy6 jieHHe
    ^
    AbixaHHH, 3aMeAJiHH npouecc H KOHijeHTpHpyACb Ha pacKpbiTHH AH -
    acJiparMbi H paccjia6 jieHHH Mbiiim ACHBOTa. AKACHT AeAaeTCA Ha pac-
    HiHpeHHH AHana30Ha BapnaHTOB, Taicnx KaK AbixaHHe nepe3 HOC HJIH
    POT, npeyBejiHHeHHan 3aAepACKa BAOxa HJIH BbiAOxa, 6bicTpoe HJIH
    MeAJieHHoe AbixaHHe. 3aTeM 3a STHMH HccAeAOBaHHAMH MOACCT cjie-
    AOBaTb TeAecHoe oco3HaHHe H npeAAaraTb KAHemry 3aMeTHTb BAHA -
    HHe pa3AHHHbix HacTOT H CTHACH AbixaHHA. TaKHM o6pa30M , flora no-
    MoraeT KAHeHTaM o6pecTH 6oAbinee nyBCTBO KOHTPOAA B OTHOIHCHHH
    TOTO, KaK pearnpoBaTb Ha nyBCTBO TpeBorn , naHHKH HAH OTnaAHHA.

    • Pa3BHBaftTe CTpeccoycTOHHHBOCTb. BoAe3HeHHbie omymeHHA MO-


    ryT 6bITb nOAaBAAIOmHMH ,
    a TpaBMaTHMeCKHe BOCnOMHHaHHA HaCTO
    CBA3aHbI C TeAOM. BHHMaHHe K 3MOIJHOHaAbHOMy HAH (J) H3HHeCKO-
    My AHCKOM (J)OpTy AOAACHO 6 bITb c6aAaHCHpOBaHO CO BHHMaHHeM
    DiaBa 6
    ^ XpoHHHecKne 6 OJIH H 6ojie3HH 241

    K CTHMyjiaM , He CBA3aHHbiM c 6ojibio, HTO6M H36eAcaTb nepenojiHeHHH


    u
    OMOIJHAMH H noAaBAeHHH. Hora npe BO3MOACHOCTB npaKTH -
    jiaraeT
    ^
    KOBaTb HCKyCCTBO HanpaBJieHHH H KOHUeHTpaiJiHH BHHMaHHH. TaKHM
    o6pa30M , KJineHTbi MoryT nepeAOBaTb oco3HaHHe 6OJIH C oco3HaHHeM
    HeihpajibHbix omymeHHfl. HanpHMep, KAHCHT MOAceT nonyBCTBOBaTb
    6ojib B njiene, a 3aieM o6paTHTb BHHMaHHe Ha KOHHHK Hoca, cjiejxn 3a
    ABHKeHHeM B03£yxa npn BAOxe H Bbmoxe. HAH KAHCHT MOAceT npeA-
    nonecTb nepe OBaTb 6ojieBbie omymeHHH H BHeniHee Ha6AiOAeHHe,
    ^
    HanpHMep B3TAHA Ha BHeiiiHHfl o6 beKT.
    ,

    • Hcnojib3yiiTe no3bi B KanecTBe pecypcos. KaK TOJIBKO KAHCHT


    Bbipa6oTaeT TOjiepaHTHocTb K HenpHATHbiM omymeHHAM , ncnxoTe-
    paneBTM MoryT J no3bi flora KaK BO3MOAC-
    Hcnojib30 BaTb ( ) H3HHecKHe

    HOCTb AJIH caMono3HaHHH. TepaneBTHnecKan flora npeAOcraBAAeT


    KjiHeHTy BO3MO CHOCTB BbinojiHHTb no3bi flora , TaKHe KaK no3a ropbi ,
    ^
    nozuHHTHe pyK K He6y HJIH no3a AepeBa, KOTopan BKAionaeT B ce6n
    6ajiaHCHpoBaHHe Ha OAHOA Hore. HcnoAb30BaHHe no3bi B KanecTBe
    pecypca BKjnonaeT B ce6n noMomb KJineHTy B o6HapyAceHHH cjjopMbi,
    KOTopan yBejiHHHBaeT nyBCTBO pacniHpeHHA B03M0ACH0CTefl. 3TOT
    npouecc MOACCT 6 biTb CBH3aH c 3anBjieHHbiM KJineHTOM HaMepeHHeM,
    TaKHM KaK CHJia , cocTpa/iaHHe, paBHOBecne H TaK ajiee. Hory MOACHO
    ^
    HHTerpHpoBaTb B EMDR-Tepanmo B KanecTBe pecypca AAA KjineHTa
    Ha paHHHx 3Tanax jieneHHH nyTeM BbinojiHeHHH KOPOTKHX cepnfl npo-
    ueAypbi BLS/ DAS, Kor a KJineHT 3aHHMaeT noAAepACHBaiomyK) no3y.
    ^
    • Pa3peuiHTe nepepa6oTKy. KjmeHTOB HopMajibHO nepepa6aTbi -

    BaTb 3MOAHH H BOCnOMHHaHHA BO BpeMA BbHIOAHeHHA ynpaACHeHHfl


    TepaneBTHnecKofi flora. Kor a y KJineHTa B03HHKaeT nyBCTBo yn3-
    ^
    BHMOCTH , npeAJio cHTe eMy cAejiaTb nay3y H AaflTe BpeMA o6AyMaTb
    ^
    CHTyauHio. HanpHMep, KJineHT MOACCT coo6mHTb o CMymeHHH H3-3a
    Toro, HTO He MOJKeT yAep cHBaTb 6ajiaHCHpyiomyio no3y. 3TO 3acTaB-
    ^
    jineT KJineHTa BcnoMHHTb Apyrne CAynan , KorAa OH nyBCTBOBaji ce6n

    He3am,HmeHHbiM HAH CMymeHHbiM. npeoAOAeHne TpyAHbix MOMCH -


    TOB B npaKTHKeflora AaeT KAHeHTaM B03M0ACH0CTb nonpaKTHKOBaTb-
    CA B npeoAOAeHHH CTpecca B OKpyAcaiomeft cpeAe.

    • HafiAHTe HHTyHTHBHbie ABH^ceHHB. IlcHxoTepaneBTbi TaKAce MoryT


    npeAAaraTb KAHeHTaM yrAy6HTb no3bi , 3aMenan Aio6 bie ABHraTeAbHbie
    HMnyAbCbi B OTBeT Ha omymeHHA. Oco3HaHHe omymeHHft MOAceT AaTb
    242 HacTb 2 G? ncHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    B03M 0ACH0CTb BOCCTaHOBHTb ABHACeHHA , KOTOpbie 6bIAH


    BO BpeMA TpaBMHpyiomHx co6biTHH. TepaneBTbi
    ^
    nO aBJieHbl
    MoryT noompATb
    ABHACCHHA , npe jiaran KJiHeHTaM npHCAyniHBaTbCA K CBoeMy Tejiy.
    MoAceT 6biTb
    ^
    nojie3HbiM npeAAOACHTb KJiHeHTaM npeACTaBHTb, HTO
    OHH ABHraiOTCA , KaK JKHBOTHoe, TOJibKO HTO npocHyBiueecA OT ApeMO -
    Tbi . 3TOT npoijecc Ha3biBaeTCA noTATHBaHHeM H O6HHHO npoABAAeTCA
    KaK nepeAOBaHHe pacTAAceHHH H coKpameHHH. Cnen;H(})HHecKHe ABH-
    ACeHHA n03B0AAK)T AOCTHHb rjiy6oKOrO HCUeJieHHH , nOCKOJIbKy OHH
    ABAAIOTCA CnOCo6oM HepBHOH CHCTeMbI npo6yACAaTb CeHCOMOTOpHyiO
    CHCTeMy [ Hanna , 2004]. 3TH jiene6Hbie ABHACCHHA yMeHbinaiOT HaKO-
    njieHHe xpoHHnecKoro MbimenHoro HanpAAceHHA H noBbimaiOT npo-
    H3BOJIbHbIH KOHTpOJIb HaA CBOHMH MblHIIjaMH.HcCAeAOBaHHe CBOHX
    omymeHHH craHOBHTCA Han6oAee BaACHbiM HanpaBJieHHeM , nocKOAb-
    Ky aKu;eHT AeAaeTCA MeHbine Ha BHeniHeH (])opMe no3bi H 6oAbine
    BHHMaHHH yAOAAeTCA ceHcopHOMy oco3HaHHK> , HanpaBAAiomeMy HH -
    TyHTHBHoe ABHAceHHe. HacTO pa3pemeHHe HHTyHTHBHoro ABHACCHHA
    noxoAce Ha omymeHHe 3aBepmeHHA nocAeAOBaTeAbHoc ABHACCHKH
    B AK)6OH coMaTHnecKOH TepanHH. B pe3yjibraTe KAHCHT nyBCTByeT
    ce6n 3a3eMjieHHbiM H cnoKOHHbiM.
    CAeAyiomne nerape BMemaTejibCTBa, “ IIo3a ropbi ” , CHAAIIJAN KOIH -
    “ BajiaHCHpoBaHHe ” H “ IIo3a pe6eHKa ”, HHTerpnpyioT nory
    Ka KopoBa ”,
    /
    B EMDR -TepanHio, 3HaKOMA KAHCHTOB C npocTbiMH no3aMH HOTH. 3TH BMe-
    maTeAbCTBa MOACHO Hcnojib30BaTb B KanecTBe HHCTpyMeHTa AAA HHcrajura -
    AHH pecypcoB Ha paHHeM STane JIENEHHA HAH BBCCTH no3Ace AJIH AaAbHen -
    HieH HHTerpaAHH BCTpOeHHbIX n03HTHBHbIX KOTHHAHH Ha 3Tane HHCTaAAH -
    U;HH. 3TH no3bi MoryT 6biTb aAanTHpoBaHbi HAH H3MeHeHbi B COOTBCTCTBHH
    c noTpe6HocTHMH Bamero KAHeHTa. EfeyAHTe BapnaHTbi, KOTopbie COOTBCT-
    CTByiOT ijeAHM Bamero KAHeHTa HAH HO3HTHBHOH KOTHHIJHH. MoAceT 6biTb
    yMecTHbiM HCCAeAOBaTb TOAbKO OAHy no3y 3a ceccnio, HAH Bbi MOAceTe HC -
    CAeAOBaTb HeCKOAbKO TaKHX BMemaTeAbCTB nOApHA. ECAH BO BpeMA HAH
    nOCAe AK)6OH H3 3THX n 03 KAHeHT HCnbITbIBaeT CHAbHOe H nOAOACHTeAbHOe
    omymeHHe, BbinoAHHTe KopoTKHe cepnn npoAeAypbi BLS/ DAS. Ee MOAC -
    HO BbinOAHHTb BO BpeMA n03bl C nOMOHJibK) nyAbCOMeTpa HAH KOTAa KAHeHT
    npHxoAHT B cocTOAHHe noKOA nocAe 3aBepmeHHA no3bi. Bo- nepBbix , no-
    npocHTe corAacHA Bamero KAHeHTa Ha ynacTHe B 3THX npocTbix ABHACCHH -
    AX HOTH . He AeftcTByHTe 6e3 ero corAacHA. MoAceT 6biTb noAe3HbiM BbinoA -
    HATb 3TH n03bl BMeCTe C BamHM KAHeHTOM.
    DiaBa 6 GP XpOHHnecKHe 6OJIH H 6cuie3HM 243

    .
    BMeuiamejibcmeo 34 rio 3 a ropbi

    XoTe/w 6 bi Bbi npflMO cennac HeMHoro H3ynnTb kiory ?


    HaHHHTe co CKai-mpoBai-mfl CBoero Tena. HTO BN oco 3 Haeie 4)H 3 HHecKH,
    3 M 0 pM 0 Ha /lbH 0 HJ1H B CBOHX MblOlflX ?

    Ec /w xoTme , nonpo 6ynie Mcc /ieflOBaTb omyiAeHHH npn Bbinp ^ M /ieHnn


    n 03 B 0 H 0 HHMKa. Bbi Moxeie nonpo 6 oBaTb CAe /iaTb STO , CHAR Ha CTy/ie.
    BbinpaMMTecb, C 03flaB oinymeHne, mo CMflHTe npflMO. Bawn ma 3 a MoryT
    6 bUb OTKpbITbIMH HJ1H 3aKpblTblMH. 0 cO 3 HaHTe, KaK OLAyLAeHHfl nOAHM -
    MatoTCH BBepx nepe 3 rpyAb M rna 3 a . Earn xoTme , Moxeie noAHHTb pyxn
    BBepx . rioHyBCTByMTe cB & 3 b BaniMx HOT c nonoM . Bbi nyBCTByeie CBOM
    HOTM noA co 6 on ? Tenepb, earn xoTme, Bbi Moxeie H 3 ynnTb 3Ty no 3y CTOH.
    BcTaBaa , noHyBCTByMTe A-nnHy CBoero no3 BOHOHHHKa n , ec /w xomie, noA -
    HHMMTe pyKH HaA rO /lOBOH. riOMyBCTByMTe CBB 3 b BaLLIHX HOT C nO /lOM. Bbi
    nyBCTByeie Baiun Horn ? Kaxne cf) H 3 HHecKHe OLAymeHnn Bbi ncnbiTbiBaeie ?
    KaKTO^ bKO Bbi 3aKOHMme n 3yneHne STOH no 3bi, BepHmecb B Henipa/ibHoe
    nonoxeHHe. HTO BN oco 3 Haeie cennac ? OTMenanTe xuo 6yio (J) H 3 HHecKyio,
    3 Moi4noHa /ibHyio n /in yMCTBeHHyio peaKu,nio Ha STO ynpaxHeHne .

    .
    flpHMevaHue ECJIM KJweHT coo6u\ aeT , HTO nyBCTByer nonoxHTenbHbM
    C/IBIHT, Bbi Moxere Bbino /miHTb KopoTKne cepm npopepypbi BLS / DAS
    or rpex AO naw paa no 8- 15 cexyHA, noKa Knuem yAepxmaer no3y HUH
    nocne ee 3 aBepujeHTia.

    BMemamejibcmeo 35 CnflHinafi KowKa/KopoBa


    XoTejin 6 N BN npriMo cennac HeMHoro H3ynnTb nory ?
    HaHHHTe co CKaHnpoBaHna CBoero Tena. HTO BN oco 3 Haeie J n3 nHecKn,
    ()

    3 MOAHOHanbHO HJ1H B CBOHX MblOlflX ?

    Earn xoTme, nonpo 6ynie nccneAOBaTb oiAyLpeHna npn ABnxeHnn no3 BO -


    HOHHHKa. Bbi Moxeie nonpo 6 oBaTb cpenaTb 3TO, CHAH Ha cry/ie. BAOXHme,
    BbiwnBaa n Bbirn 6 an no 3 BOHOHHHK, noAHHMan rpyAb n B 3 rnaA - Tenepb
    Ha BbiAoxe CKpynnBanTecb BnepeA n onpyrrmnie cnnHy. Earn xoTme ,
    HaHHHTe ABnraTbcn BnepeA M Ha 3aA, BAbixan , xorAa BbiwnBaeTe no3 BO -
    HOHHHK, n BbiAbixaa , xorAa crn 6 aeiecb BnepeA - npoAonxanie AenraTb-
    ca B CBoeM co 6 cTBeHHOM pmMe , 6 biCTpo nnn MEANEHHO . HanAme pnTM ,
    244 HacTb 2 ncHxoTepaneBTH^ecKHe BMemaTe^bCTBa

    KdopbiM BaM noAxoflm. KaK Tonbxo Bbi nonyBCTByeie ce 6n yMnpoTBO -


    peHHbiM , BepHmecb B HenTpanbHyio no 3y. HTO Bbi oco 3 Haeie cennac ?
    06paime BHHMaHne Ha nio 6 bie 4) H3 MHecKne , 3 M 0i4 H 0 HanbHbie nnn yM -
    CTBeHHbie peaKUMM Ha npaKTHKy .
    npuMenaHne. Ecm Kiwenr coo6maer , HTO nyBCTByer nonoxmenbHbm
    cRBur, Bbi Moxere p, o6aBWTb KopoTKMe cepm npopeflypbi BLS/ DAS or rpex
    AO n« pa3 no 8- 15 ceKyHfl , noxa Kimenr yaepxmaeT nosy nnn nocne
    3aBepujeHMH no3 bi .

    BMetuamejibcmeo 36. BanaHcnpoBaHne


    XoTenn 6 bi Bbi npflMO cennac HeMHoro n3ynnTb nory ?
    HaHHme co CKaHnpoBaHnn cBoero Tena. MTO Bbi oco3Haeie <J) H3 HHecKH,
    3 M 014M 0 Ha /lbH 0 MJIM B CBOHX MblC /lflX ?

    Ecnn xoTme ,
    nonpo 6ynTe ucc /ieflOBaTb omymeHMH, KorAa Bbi 6anaHcn -
    pyeie Ha OAHOM Hore . Bbi MoxeTe HanaTb STO ynpaxHeHne CTOB , paccia -
    BMB Horn Ha iunpnHe nnen. npocKaHnpynTe CBoe Teno H o 6 paTMTe BHM -
    MaHwe Ha TO , HTO Bbi nyBCTByeTe, KorAa o 6 e Horn CTOHT Ha nony. Tenepb
    nepeHecnTe Bee Ha OAHy Hory n noAHMMHTe npoTnBononoxHyio Hory.
    lloBepHHTe xoneHO Hapyxy n noAHecnTe noAHBTyro CTony K BHyTpeHHen
    CTopoHe CToamen Horn , /in 6 o Hnxe , nn 6 o Bbiiue xoneHa , HO He npnMO
    K KOJieHHOMy cycTaBy. Bbi MoxeTe AepxaTb Hory 6 /W 3 KO K nony nnn Aep -
    xaTbCB 3 a CTeHy, earn xoTnTe . KaKTonbxo 6 anaHC B HnxHen
    Bbi Hawnn
    nacTn Tena , Bbi MoxeTe nccneAOBaTb nonoxeHne pyK n KHCTen. Bbi MO -
    xeTe nonbiTaTbca CBecTn pyxn BMecTe nepeA rpyAbio nnn noAHBTb pyxn

    HaA ronoBon, xax BeTKn AepeBa. Ecnn Bbi BbixoAHTe n 3 paBHOBecnn, nc -


    nonb3ynTe STO xax B 03 M 0 XH 0 CTb 3 aMeTnTb, xax Bbi ce 6n nyBCTByeTe . Bbi
    MoxeTe 3 aAepxaTbcn Ha OAHOH CTopoHe , BbinonHnB HecxonbKO BAOXOB ,
    a 3 aTeM CMeHnTb CTopoHy, KorAa . Ilocne Toro , xax Bbi Bbi -
    6yAeTe roTOBbi
    nonHnnn ynpaxHeHnn A B o 6 enx CTOPOH, BepHnTecb B ncxoAHoe nono -
    ^
    xeHne , nocTaBnB o 6 e Horn Ha non npnMO noA 6 eApaMn. ripncnyoianTecb
    KTninnHe n cocpeAOTOHbTecb Ha CBOHX OLuyLAeHnnx . Kaxne cJ) H 3 HHecKne
    omyiAeHHH abi ncnbiTbiBaeTe B AanHbin MOMCHT? 06 paTnTe BHnMaHne
    Ha nro 6 bie t() n 3 nHecKne , SMopnoHanbHbie nnn yMCTBeHHbie peaxpnn
    Ha 3TO ynpaxHeHne.
    DiaBa 6 XpoHMecKHe 60JW H 6oJie3Hn 245

    .
    flpuMevaHHe Ecnn mmem coo6m,aeT , HTO 4yecreyer nonoxmenbHbiu
    cflBur, Bbi Moxere podaBHTb KopoTKue cepm npopepypbi BLS/ DAS or rpex
    flo naw pa3 no 8- 15 ceKynp , noKa Knnem ypepxuBaer no3y rnn nocne
    3aBepiueHMn no3 bi.

    ~
    BMetuamejibcmeo 37 l lo3 a pe 6 eHKa
    XoTenn 6 bi Bbi npHMO cenMac HeMHoro H 3yMHTb nory ?
    HaHHme co CKaHHpoBaHHfl cBoero Tena. MTO Bbi oco3Haeie cj) H3 M 4 ecKH
    SMOflHOHanbHO MJ1M B CBOHX MblOlflX ?

    .
    flpHMevaHHe floproroBbTe necKonbKO opean pna 3TOM no3 bi , nro6bi co -
    3parb 6e3 onacHOCTb M KOMcpopr, Korpa mineHT onycKaerca Ha non.

    EC /IM xoTme , Moxeie n3 ynnTb no3y pe 6 eHKa. Bbi MOxeTe nepenTH B no3y
    pe 6 eHKa , BdaB Ha pyKH H KoneHH. Tenepb npnxMHTe 6 eflpa K nflTKaM
    M HaHHMTe onycKaTbca n 6 oM K no /iy kinn Ha CBepHyioe ofleflno . Bbi Moxe -
    Te flepxaTb KoneHH BMecie min pa 3 BecTH nx B dopoHbi. I lpn Heo 6 xofln -
    "

    MOCTH nonoxnTe CBepHyioe oflefl.no Mexfly 6 eflpaMH M nflTKaMH , HTo 6 bi


    CHflTb Harpy 3 Ky c KoneHen . npnc /iywaPiTecb K MyBCTBy KOM ( j) opTa B Tene .

    HaMflfl CBOH BapHaHT no 3 bi pe 6 eHKa , 3 aKpoPiTe rna 3a. 06 paime BHHMa -


    HMe Ha TO , edb nv\ y Bac HanpflxeHHe BO piy nnn MeniocTflx , n MoxeTe
    nn Bbi oTnycTi/ub 3 TO HanpflxeHHe. l1o 3 BonbTe Bawen ronoBe CTaTb TA -
    xenon M onnpaTbCfl Ha non nnn cnoxeHHoe ofleflno . 06 paTMTe BHMMaHne
    Ha TO, HTO Bbi HyBCTByeTe , xorfla ocBo 6 oxflaeTe ronoBy OT rpaBnTaunn ,
    no3 Bonflfl MbiLiiuaM 3 aflHen nacTn men CMArnnTbCfl n paccna 6 nTbCA .
    3flecb MOXHO cflenaTb HecKonbKo rny 6 oKnx BAOXOB . Korfla Bbi 3 aK 0 HHn -
    Te nccneflOBaHne no 3 bi pe 6 eHKa , BepHnTecb K cBoeMy CTyny n eme pa 3
    cocpeflOTOMbTecb Ha CBOUX omymeHnflx. 06 paTHTe BHnMaHne Ha nio 6 bie
    c|) H 3 H 4 ecKne , 3 MounoHanbHbie nnn yMCTBeHHbie peaKpnn Ha STO ynpax -
    HeHne.

    ripHMeaaHHe. Ecnn KTHASHT coo6ipaer , HTO ayBCTByer nonoxmenbHbm


    cflBnr, Bbi Moxere BbinonHHTb KopoTKue cepuu npopepypbi BLS / DAS
    or rpexflo naru pa3 no 8- 15 cexynp , noxa KnueHT ypepxuBaer no3y nnn
    nocne 3 aBepiueHua no3 bi.
    246 HacTb 2 IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    COCTPAMHHE K CAMOMY CEBE


    MHOrae KJIHeHTbl 6opiOTCH C CaMOKpHTHKOH H CBH3aHHbIM C Heft HyB-
    CTBOM CTbi a , HTO MoyKeT MeniaTb cocTpajjaHHio K ce6e. IIcHxoTepanHH ,
    ^
    ocHOBaHHan Ha oco3HaHHOCTH H cocTpa aHHH , noMoraeT KJiHeHTaM Hcue -
    ^
    jiHTb TaKoe caMoyHHHPDKeHHe [ Neff , 2011]. IIoHHTHe , noAo6 Hoe cocTpa -

    AaHHio K ce6e, —
    3TO jnoOnman Ao6 poTa, KOTopan npeACTaBjineT co6oft
    aKT ApyacejnoSnn no OTHomeHHio K ce6e H ApyrHM [ Beaumont & Hollins
    Martin , 2013; Komfield , 2008]. HccjiezjOBaHnn noKa3ajm , HTO y jno eft ,
    npaKTHKyiomux MeAHTaijHio jno6nmeft Ao6 po
    ^
    , noBbicnjicn TOHyc
    Ojiyac/ jaiomero HepBa, noBbicnjiacb BereTaTHBHan THOKOCTB, ycHJiHJiocb
    HyBCTBO COUHaJIbHOft CBH3H H nOHBHJIOCb SoJIbHie nOJIOKHTeJIbHbIX 3MO "

    iiuft [ Kok & Fredrickson , 2010; Kok et al., 2013]. MeAHTaijHH jnoOnmeft
    Ao6poTbi CBH3aHbi c o6 jierneHHeM xpoHHnecKoft 6OJIH [ Carson et al.,
    2005]. 3TOT npoijecc MoaceT B KOHCHHOM HTore ycHjiHTb nyBCTBO TenjioTbi
    KJiHeHTOB no OTHomeHHio K ce6e n ApyrHM.
    CjieAyiomee BMemaTejibCTBO , “ CocTpajjaHHe K ce6e ” , npoBOAHTcn B Tpn
    3Tana. Ha nepBOM 3Tane KJineHTbi cocpeAOTanHBaiOTCH Ha npo6 jieMe , c KO -
    Topoft OHH CTajiKHBaioTcn , H JX yMaiOT o KOM -TO eme, KTO CTajiKHBaeTcn c no-
    xoaceft npo6 jieMoft. ECJIH KJiHeHTaM Tpy HO npe CTaBHTb ce6e nejiOBeKa,
    ^ ^
    CTOJiKHyBinerocfl co CXOAHOS npo6 jieMoft , pacmnpbTe Bonpoc H npe/yioacH -
    Te HM no,ayMaTb o npo6 jieMax, c KOTOPBIMH crajiKHBaiOTCH JIIOAH B HOBOCTHX ,
    nepcoHa KH (JmjibMOB n KHHr HJIH nepcoHaacn H3 HX co6cTBeHHoft >KH3HH.
    ^
    BTopoft mar npejyiaraeT KJiHeHTaM nonyBCTBOBaTb cocTpajjaHHe K Apyro-
    My nejiOBeKy. IIocjieAHHft
    mar 3Toro BMemaTejibCTBa npejiiJiaraeT KJiHeHTaM
    o6paTHTb 3TO nyBCTBO cocTpa/ jaHnn K ApyroMy nejiOBeKy Hace6n. 3TOT
    npoiiecc noompneT cocrpaAaHHe K caMOMy ce6e H npeAJiaraeT KJineHTy H3-
    6aBHTbCH OT CaMOKpHTHHHbIX MbICJieft.

    BMeuiamejibcmeo 38 . CocTpaflaHMe K ce 6 e
    LLIar 1. KoHLieHTpauMfl BHHMaHiia Ha npo6;ieMe
    HaMAHTe yAo 6 Hoe cMAanee nonoxeHMe . J1 M 6 O MeA/ieHHO 33 KpoMTe ma 3a ,
    JIM 6 O CAenaMTe pacceaHHbm B 3 r/mA . KOTopbm no 3 BO/iMT BameMy C 03 Ha -
    HMKD nepeMeiAaTbCB BHyTpn Bamero Te /ia . 06 paTme BHMMaHne Ha KOH -
    T3 KT Bamero Te /ia co cry/iOM . 0 co 3 HaPiTe CBOM BAOX H BNAOX. lloAyMaMTe
    o npo 6 /ieMe , c KOTOPOM Bbi CTariKMBaeTecb B Hacroamee BpeMa B cBoeii
    XM3 HM. HTO Bbi AyMaeie , nyBCTByeTe H omymaeTe ?
    DiaBa 6 XpoiiH'-iecKHe 6OJIH H 6cwie3Hn 247

    LUar 2. Cocipaflahme K flpyrnM


    Tenepb noAyMatrre o KOM -TO eme, KTO CTO/ixHyjicfl c noxoxen npo 6/ieMOM .
    HTO 3TOT Me/ioBeK MoxeT AywaTb, MyBCTBOBaTb n omymaTb ?

    .
    ripuMenaHne ECJIM KJweHTy rpypHo pyMarb o nenoBexe, CTonKnyaineMca
    c noxoxen npo6nemti , pacimxpbTe Bonpoc H npurnacxire Kiwema pa3 -
    MbiuiJiftTb o npo6neMax, c KoropbiMH CTanxmamcH JIIOPM B HOBOCTBX , nep -
    COHaXH B (pMJlbMaX M KHI/iraX , MflM 3 HaK0 Mbie .

    HTO Bbi AyMaeie, MyBCTByeie M omymaeie , Korfla AyMaeie 06 [ MMH ne.no -


    BeKa ] , CTo KHyBiueMCfl c npo 6neMow , noAo 6HOM Barneti ? CAenatiTe nay 3y
    ^
    M nonpo 6yMTe noHHTb, CMOxeie nw Bbi nonyBCTBOBaTb cocipaAaHMe KTOM
    6 opb6 e , nepe3 xoTopyio npoxoAm [ HMH nenoBexa ]. Kax nMemno Bbi ncnbi -
    TbiBaeie cocTpaAaHkie , xorAa AyMaeie o [ HMA nenoBexa ] ? no3 B 0 /ibTe ce 6 e
    nOMyBCTBOBaTb 3T0.

    npuMenaHne. Earn xmenr ncnbiTbiBaer nyBCTBO cocTpapanm, Bbino/ iHH -


    re KopoTwe cepiw npopepypbi BLS / DAS or rpex po n« paa no 8- 15 ce -
    xynp. flepexopme K cnepyioipen vacm ronbxo B TOM cnynae, ecnn toimm
    cnocodeH ncnbirarb yyBCTBO cocrpapanm xppyroMy 4enoBexy;

    LUar 3. CocipapaHne K ce 6 e
    Tenepb no 3 BonbTe nyBCTBy cocTpapaHHH HanpaBHTbcn Ha Bac. HTO Bbi nyB -
    CTByeie , HanpaBnan 3TO nyBCTBO Ha ce 6n ? HTO Bbi OLuymaeTe ? He Toponn -
    Tecb , HTo 6 bi no 3 BOJimb nyBCTBy cocTpaAaHMH x ce 6 e pacnpocTpaHmbca
    no BceMy Teny.

    ripuMenaHHe. Ecim Kfinenr 4yBCTByer cocrpapahwe K ce6e, Bbi nonHM -


    re KopoTwe cepm npopepypbi nopxopbi BLS/ DAS or rpex po n« pa3
    no 8- 15 CEXYHR .

    ECJIH x /iMeHT He coo 6 LAaeT x ce 6 e ,


    0 TOM, MTO ncnbiTbmaeT cocTpaAaHHe
    npepnoxHTe eMy nepexnioHmbCH MexAy cocTpapaHMeM x ApyroMy ne -
    noBexy M cocTpaAaHMeM x ce 6 e. Hio 6 bi co 3 AaTb pecypc , MoxeT 6 biTb He -
    o 6xoAHMbiM coxpaHBTb MyBCTBO cocTpaAaHMB x ApyroMy nenoBexy B Te -
    MeHHe 6 onee A-nuTenbHoro nepMOAa BpeMeHH . fl/in HexoTopbix xnneHTOB
    3TOT npouecc c /ioxeH M MoxeT npMBecTM x caMoocyxAeHHio. HanoMHme
    X /IHeHTy, 4T 0 HeB 03 M 0 XH 0 0TXa 3 aTbCfl OT 3T0 M npaXTHXH, M C nOHHMaHMeM
    OTHOCMTecb x nx) 6 oMy nyBCTBy conpoTHBneHHB.
    248 HacTb 2 FIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeuiaTejibCTBa

    BJIArOZlAPHOCTb H 3£ OPOBbE
    Cjieziyiomee BMemaTejibCTBO, “ EjiaroAapHOCTb ” ,|
    ( )OKycHpyeTCH Ha no-

    JKmHTeJIbHOM BJIHHHHH Ha 3AOpOBbe HyBCTBa 6 jiarO£apHOCTH, KOTOpOe


    Hcnojib3yeTCH JXJIK HHCTajuiHijHH pecypcoB. PIccjie OBaHHe B3poc;ibix

    C HepBHO-MbimeHHbIMH 3a6oJieBaHHHMH , KOTOpbie BeJIH


    ^ HeBHHK 6 jia -
    roftapHOCTH , BbiHBHjio noBbiuieHHe no3HTHBHoro HacTpoeHHH , 6ojibinee
    ^
    HyBCTBO CBH3H C ApyrHMH H JiyHHIHH COH no CpaBHeHHK) C KOHTpOJIbHOH
    rpynnoft [ Emmons & McCullough, 2003]. B ijejiOM JIIOAH , KOTOpbie npax-
    THKyiOT OjiaroziapHOCTb, 6ojiee onraMHCTHHHbi B OTHomeHHH npe CTOH -
    meii He ejiH, cooSmaiOT o MeHbineM KOJmnecTBe (f )H3HHecKHx CHMHTOMOB
    ^
    ^
    H JiyHHie OTHOCHTCH K CBOeft 2KH3HH B IjeJIOM no CpaBHeHHK) C TeMH , KTO CO-
    cpe OToneH Ha HeiiTpajibHbix HJIH HenpHHTHbix CO6 BITHHX [ Emmons, 2007].
    ^
    BaaCHO OTMeTHTb, HTO RdLTKe eCJIH Tpy HO HaHTH HTO -TO, 3a HTO M02KH0 6bITb
    ^
    6 jiaroAapHbiM , nojioacHTejibHbie pe3yjibTaTbi CBH3aHbi c TeM, HTO KJiHeHTbi
    npocTO He 3a6 biBaiOT HCKaTb TO, 3a HTO MO)KHO 6 biTb 6;iaroAapHbiM [ Korb,
    2015]. IIpezi7i05KeHHe KJineHTy BecTH eaceAHeBHbiii }KypHaji 6 jiaroAapHocra
    TaK Ke Mo ceT 6 biTb B ijeHTpe BHHMaHHH BMemaTejibCTBa 32 , “ MeHTajibHbiH
    ^ ^
    (]) HjibM o caMonoMomH ”. Cjieznyionjiee BMemaiejibCTBO noMoraeT KJineHTy

    HaOjiiOAaTb (J)H3HHecKoe omymeHHe 6 jiaroAapHOCTH B AaHHbift MOMCHT.

    BMemamejihcmeo 39 . EjiaroAapHOCTb

    HaMAme yAo6 Hoe CMA^nee no/ioxeHne , B KOTOPOM Bbi CMOxeie ocraBaTbCH


    B TeneHne cneAyfoiAMx 5- 10 MMHyT. Jln6o MeA /ieHHO 3 aKpoHTe r/ia 3a , JIH6O
    pacc() OKycMpyMTe KOTopbiPi no 3Bo/inT BameMy oco 3 HaHnio nepeMe-
    B 3 I71BA ,
    maTbCH BHyipn Bamero Te/ia . 0co 3 HaPiTe cBoe AbixaHne n /iio 6bie cf) H3 HHe -
    CKne OLAyLAeHnq. HTO Bbi nyBCTByeie ? Tenepb noAyManTe 06 OAHOPI Benin ,
    33 KOTopyfo Bbi 6/iaroAapHbi ceroAHH . 3TO MoxeT 6 biTb 6/iaroAapHOCTb 3 a
    TO , HTO CBeTMT con H Lie , n /in 3 a Termo , KOTopoe OLAymaiOT Baiun pyxn , KorAa
    Bbi AepxnTe naujKy naa , nun nyBCTBO 6/iaroAapHocin K ne/iOBeKy, KOTopbiPi
    Bacuio 6 nT. Ec /in Bbi Hnnero He MOxeTe npnAyMaTb , MHe HHTepecHO , MOxeTe
    Jin Bbi paccKa 3 aTb MHe o neM -To xopomeM , HTO npon30Liino Ha 3 ToPi HeAe/ie.

    .
    ripHMenaHHe rionpocure K / iueHTa pacci<a3aTb saM, 3a HTO OH 6narop,apeH
    v\nv\ HTO -TO xopoiuee, HTO npoH 30 Luno Ha OTOH Helene.
    06paTHTe BHHMaHne Ha CBOH nyBCTBa 6/iaroAapHOCTn 3a [ noBTopnTe TO ,
    HTO cKa 3a /i KiineHT] ,
    Liana 6 < ? XpoiiHnecKHe 6O;IM H 6ojie3Hn 249

    MTO Bbi flyMaeie ? KaKne SMOLIMH Bbi McnbiTbiBaeie ? HTO Bbi omymaeTe ?
    MoxeTe nv\ Bbi ncnbuaTb STO nyBCTBO 6/iaroflapi-iocTM BO BceM Tene ?
    .
    flpuMenaHne Earn towem coo6ipaeT , HTO nyBCTByer ce6a xopomo, Bbino/ i -
    Hure KopoTKue cepm npopepypbi BLS/ DAS or rpex po narn pa3 no 8- 15
    cexyHp. Bbi Moxere noBTopuTb STO BMeinareubCTBO, cocpepoTonmiuncb
    Ha ppyroM nepexmaHm SnaropapHoc HJIH Ha neM -TO xopomen B XH3 HH
    KIMEMA. ECJIH KJineHT He Moxer nepefiTM B no3HTHBHoe cocroftHue, He HC -
    no/ ib3yEiTe npopepypy BLS/ DAS. ECJIH KJineHT Hanmaer nyBCTBOBarb ce6n
    no3 !ATHBHO, HO TepneT 3TO cocTOBHue, xorpa Bbi BbinojiHHeTe npopepypy
    BLS/ DAS, npexpamre paycropoHnioto cTmynnpmo H nccnepyLne mo6bie
    6apbepbi , B03 HHKaiomne BO BpeMn BTOTO BMeujare/ ibCTBa. Baxno Hopmnn-
    30 Barb 3TO nepexmanue. KjmeHTy Hepepxo dbiBaer rpypHo Hcnbnarb nyB -
    CTBO 6naropapHOCTM , H ero K 3T0 My He cnepyeT npmyxpaTb. ECJIH BaM nyxno
    3 aMepnmb 3TO BMeinarenbCTBO , ne BbinoriHfiHTe npopepypy BLS/ DAS po Tex
    nop, noxa KJineHT He CMOxeTTepneTb nyBCTBO 6 jiaropapHOCTH, n noaKcnepn-
    MeHTupytiTe c noBTopHbiM opmenenneM npopepypbi BLS/ DAS no3xe.

    OOKYCMPOBKA H nPHCJIYIHMBAHHE K EOJIH


    Aono;iHHTejibHafl pejib Ha 3Tane IKOTOTOBKH — noMOHb KJineHTaM no-
    BblCHTb yCTOHHHBOCTb K CTpeCCy OT 6oJie3HeHHbIX OHiymeHHH. KjraeHTbl
    MoryT npoBecTH MHOTO JieT, 6oncb omymeHHH HJIH nyBCTBya noTepio
    KOHTpojin H6ecnoMomHOCTb. OHH MoryT 3JiHTbCB Ha HenpeziCKa3yeMbiH
    xapaKTep OojieBbix CHMOTOMOB HJIH npHBbiHHO oTBepraTb omymeHHH,
    CHHTaH HX nJIOXHMH HJIH HenpaBHJIbHbIMH. KjIHeHTbl MOrjIH nOTpaTHTb
    MHoro JieT, 6e3pe3yjibTaTHO nbiTancb H36aBHTbcn OT CHMOTOMOB , HJIH ,
    , , 6
    B03M05KH0 OHH HayHHJIHCb flHCCOHHHpOBaTb HTo bI CnpaBHTbCfl C CHTy -
    au,HeH. HanpoTHB, O /IHH H3 cnoco6oB cnpaBHTbCii c 6ojibio — cocpeflOTO -
    HHTb BHHMaHHe HenocpeflCTBeHHO Ha omymeHHHX [ Mehling et al., 2011;
    Price et al., 2007 ], IloHaHajiy npopecc MoxceT noKa3aTbca HejiorHH-
    STOT
    HblM KJIHeHTaM, KOTOpbie flOJITHe ro/lbl CTpeMHJIHCb H36aBHTbCH OT 6OJIH.
    TeM He MeHee, BHHMaTejibHoe HaOjno/ieHHe 3a OojieBbiMH omymeHHHMH
    HBJIHeTCH OflHHM H3 HHCTpyMeHTOB H3MeHeHHH Cy6beKTHBHOTO ypOBHH
    6OJIH y KJiHeHTOB [ Freeza , 2008 ].
    Cjieayiomee BMemaTejibCTBO oObejiHimer MCTOAM cJioKycHpoBKH [Gendlin,
    1982 ], HTO KacaeTca jieneHHH xpoHHnecKOH 6OJIH , aKuem nejiaeTCH Ha TOM ,
    250 HacTb 2 ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    6 jno6onbiTCTBOM BbicjiyniHBaTb CHMnTOMbi HCTpecca [ Freeza, 2008].


    HTO BI c
    ^
    OoKycnpoBKa O6BIHHO BKjnonaeT cjie yiomHe rnecTb 3TanoB.
    ^
    1. Ommeime npocTpaHCTBa. 3TOT 3Tan BKJnonaeT B ce6 n npHBHeceHHe
    BHHMaiejibHoro TejiecHoro oco3HaHHH B HACTOHIIJHH MOMCHT H B3pa -

    mHBaHHe HaSjno/ jaiomero cBHfleTejin . IlcHxoTepaneBT MOJiceT nonpo-


    cmb KJiweHTa 3aMeHaTb Bee , HTO MernaeT eMy nyBCTBOBaTb ce6n xo-
    porno. npe/yiomiTe K/meHTy npocTO OTMenaTb jiio6bie B03HHKaiomHe
    omymeHHH.
    2. Ha6 jiioAeHHe 3a omymeHHHMH. Bbi6epHTe ojnHy npo6 jieMy /yra ne-
    pepa6oTKH. 3TO MoaceT 6biTb HenpunTHoe omymeHHe, 6ojie3HeHHafl
    o6 jiacTb 6OJIH HJIH o6man o6 jiacTb, B KOTOPOH KJineHT HcnbiTbreaeT
    HenpHHTHbie omymeHHH. Ha 3TOM 3Tane ncHxoTepaneBT npe/yiaraeT
    KjiHeHTy noHa6 jiK) aTb 3a nyBCTBaMH, CBH3aHHbiMn c npo6 jieMoft , He
    ^
    ribiTaflCb peniHTb npo6 jieMy.

    3. Bbi6op MaHHnyjiaTOpa. IlcHxoTepaneBT npe/yiaraeT KjiHeHTy Ha-


    3BaTb KJiiOHeBoe CJIOBO HJIH 4> pa3y, KOTopan cooTBeTCTByeT ero nyB -
    CTBy. KjnoneBbiMH cjiOBaMH MoryT 6biTb msufcecmb, noKdJibieanue,
    6ecnoKoucmeo , Hcmpnotcenue HJIH Hepeo3Hocmb.
    4. Pe30HaHC. IlcHxoTepaneBT npe KJineHTy npoBepHTb, pe30HH -
    pyeT JIH KJiiOHeBoe CJIOBO C
    ^JiaraeTomymeHHHMH
    TejiecHbiMH . Y6ezi;HTecb, HTO
    CJIOBO HJIH J> pa3a OTpajKaiOT KanecTBO coMaTHHecicoro omymeHHH.
    (

    5. Onpoc. Ha 3TOM 3Tane ncHxoTepaneBT MOJKCT 3a£aBaTb pa3JiHHHbie


    Bonpocbi, KOTopwe no6y aiOT KJineHTa HanaTb HccjieftOBaHHe. 3TOT
    ^
    npoijecc BKJnonaeT B ce6n npocb6y npocTO / jaTb JHO6OH OTBCT, KOTO-
    pbift npHxo HT B rojiOBy, 6e3 ero u;eH3ypbi. Hacra HHCTpyicijHH BKJHO-
    ^
    naioT B ce6fl pa3pemeHHe HCXO HTB OT Tejia, a He pa3yMa. 06mne
    ^
    Bonpocbi BKJHonaiOT: HTO HBjineTCH Han6ojiee BaacHOH nacTbio 3TO-
    ro nyBCTBa HJIH omymeHHH ? ” ,
    HTO HBJIHCTCH xy meii nacTbio 3Toro
    nyBCTBa? ” ,
    ^
    HTO Hy^KHO 3TOMy nyBCTBy ?” , “ KaKHe eftcTBHH Heo6xo-
    ^
    HMO npe npHHHTb? ” HJIH HTO 6 bi nyBCTBOBajio Barne Tejio, ecjin 6 bi
    ^ ^
    3Ta npo6 jieMa 6 biJia perneHa? ”

    6. OcBo6o»CAeHHe. Ha STOM 3Tane ncHxoTepaneBT MOJiceT npe/yio>KHTb


    KjiHeHTy 3aMenaTb jno6 bie nojiojKHTejibHbie H3MeHeHHH , a ce ecjin
    ^
    3TO JIHIIIB He6ojibinoe o6 jierneHHe. ncHxoTepaneBT noompnei KJIH -
    ^
    eHTa npHBeTCTBOBaTb jno6 bie nojioJKHTejibHbie H3MeHeHHH , BbipajicaH
    npH3HaTejibHOCTb Tejiy. IlcHxoTepaneBT TaiOKe MO ceT npejyiojKHTb
    ^
    DiaBa 6
    ^ XpoHHnecKHe 6 6
    OJIH H ojie3Hn 251

    KJiHeHTy npHHMTb 6yio no3y, OTpaxaiomyio


    jiio nojioxcHTejibHbie H3 -
    MeHeHHH. OH Tanxe ivioxeT HanoMHHTb KJineHTy, HTO STO ynpaxue-
    Hlie — OflHa H3 MHOrHX B03M 0KH 0CTCH IipaiCTHKOBaTb COCpeflOTOHe -
    HHe H HTO B 6yaymeM MoaceT npniiTH eme 6ojibine ocBo6oac eHHH .
    ^
    CocpeflOToneHHe BHHMaHHH 6OJIH npeAHa3HaHeHO AJIH nepepa6oTKH
    Ha
    6oJie3HeHHbIX HJIH HenpHHTHbIX }) H3 HHeCKHX OIAyiAeHHH. ECJIH KJIHeHT
    (

    coo6nj,aeT o nojiO KHTejibHOM c /i,BHre B omymeHHHX , BH MoaceTe ao6aBHTb


    /

    KopoTKHe cepHH npopeflypbi BLS/DAS, HTO6M 3aKpenHTb pecypc.

    BMeiuamejibcmeo 40 . CocpeAOToneHMe BHHMaHHH Ha 6 OBM


    Cfle/iaMTe HecKOBbKO BAOXOB M nepeHecme co3HaHMe Ha cBoe TeBo .
    rioCMOTpHTB, CMOXeTe JIM Bbl Ha 6 BK)flaTb 3 a CBOMMM OLAymeHMBMM , He ope -
    HMBaa MX. HaHHMTe 3 aMenaTb Bee , HTO MemaeT BaM nyBCTBOBaib ce 6 a xopo -
    UJO .3TO MoxeT 6 biTb npo 6BeMa , KOTopaa MMeeT MecTO B BaweM XM3 HM , MJIM
    Bio 6bie HenpMBTHbie MJIM 6 oBe3 HeHHbie CMMirroMbi , OLpyLpaeMbie B Tene.

    Tenepb Bbi 6 epMTe oflHy npo 6neMy MBM OLpyLpeHMe ABB MCCBeAOBaHMa.
    HaHHMTe Ha 6BioAaTb 3 a nyBCTBOM , KOTopoe B 03 HMKaeT, KorAa Bbi pa 3 Mbii±i-
    jiBeie 06 3TOM . Edb JIM y Hero (jjopMa , pBeT, TeMnepaiypa MBM TexcTypa ?

    HaCKOJIbKO OHO CMJlbHOe ?


    Tenepb nocMOTpMTe , CMOxeTe BM BBI Bbi 6 paTb KBioneBoe CBOBO MBM cfjpa -
    3y, KOTopbie cooTBeTCTByioT nyBCTBy. HanpMMep , Bbi MOxeTe Bbi 6 paTb CBO -
    Ba TfixecTb , noKa/ ibiBaHue , 6ecnoKOMCTBO , HanpnxeuMe MBM HepB 03 H 0CTb .
    06paTMTe BHMMaHMe, HTO npoMcxoAMT, KorAa a roBopio [ icnioHeBoe CBOBO ].
    Pe30 HMpyeTBM 3TO C BaiilMMM 4> M 3 MHeCKMMM OLpyLpeHMaMM ?
    Tenepb o 6 paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha Bio 6 bie BaiHM OTBeTbi , KorAa a 3aAaM BaM
    HeCKOBbKO BOnpOCOB. llpOCTO AaB 3 MTe 6 bie OTBeTbi, KOTopbie npMXO -
    BK)
    ABT BaM B roBOBy, 6 e3 peH3ypbi . rio3BOBbTe OTBeTaM McxoAMTb M 3 Bamero
    TeBa , a He M 3 pa 3 yMa .
    npmevaHHe. Bonpocbi , nepeHMC/ ieHHbie mvKe, npmopHTCH TOJIBKO pna
    npuMepa. He crecHamecb apanmpoBaTb MX MJIM pa3 pa6amBaTb CBOM CO6 -
    CTBeHHbie B 33 BMCMM 0CTM OTTOrO , HTO Bbl CHMTaere HyXHbIM flJlH KJIMeHTa .

    • Kaxaa caMaa BaxHaa nacTb [ KBioneBoro CBOBa ] ?


    HTO xyxe Bcero B [ KBioneBoe CBOBO ] ?
    "
    252 Hacrb 2 ricHXOTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTe/ibCTBa

    • HTO HyXHO fl/lfl [ KJlKJHeBOe C/IOBO ]?

    • KaKyio noflflepxKy Bbi Mor/w 6 bi OKa 3aTb , mo 6 bi cnpaBUTbCB c [ K /iK) He -


    Boe CTIOBO ] ?

    • HTO AO^ XHO np 0 H 30 MTM flajlbliie ?


    " MTO 6 bi MyBCTBOBa /io Bame Te/io , ec/in 6 bi [ K/HoneBoe C /IOBO ] 6 bmo ycipa -
    HeHO ?

    flpuMenaHMe. floc/ ie 3aBepiuemw onpoca npepnoxme xmemy 3 aMernTb


    nio6 bie nonoxMTenbHbie M3 MeHemw , paxe eow aro nxnub ne3 Ha ^ menb -
    Hoe o 5nemeHm.

    Tenepb o 6 paime BHUMaHMe Ha CBoe Te/io B pe/ioM . OmymaeTe J1 M Bbl


    KaKoe - /in 6 o o 6 erneHne n /in no 3HTMBHbie H 3 MeHeHHH ? flaxe ec /in 3TO
    ^
    HE 6 o/ibwoe n 3 MeHeHne , nocMOTpuTe , Moxeie /in Bbi npnBeTCTBOBaTb 3TO
    omymeHne . l lonpo 6 ynTe noHBTb , MTO flaeT BaM STO HOBoe Te /iecHoe oco3-
    "

    HaHne . Ec /in xomTe , Bbi Moxeie npnBecTn CBoe Te/io B no 3y, oipaxaiomyio
    /uo 6 bie no 3 mnBHbie n 3 MeHeHHB , KOTopbie Bbi nyBCTByeie np MO cenHac.
    ^
    flpexfie neM Mbi 3aK 0 HHHM , A xoie/i 6 bi HanoMHmb BaM , mo STO ynpaxHe -
    Hne no BHyTpeHHen tfioKycnpoBKe Bbi Moxeie Bbino /iHBTb B /no 6 oe BpeMB
    CaMOCTOBTe /lbHO .

    flpuMenaHne. Ecnn K / iueHT coo6ipaeT o nonoxmenbHbix oupyipenmx,


    BbinonHMTB KopoTKue cepnn npopepypbi BLS / DAS or rpex po narn pa3
    no 8- 15 cexynp , mo5bt 3aKpennrb nonoxnrenbHbie oipyipemw.

    3TAI1 OUEHKH H OIIPEAEJIEHEPI U,EJIH


    JXJra XPOHHMECKOH BOJIH M EOJIE3HH
    TejiecHO-opHeHTupoBaHHbra noflxoA K EMDR -TepanHH no3BOjmeT ncn -
    xoTepaneBTaM onpeAejiHTb uejiH Ha ocHOBe CHMHTOMOB xpoi/ HnecKOH 6O/IH
    H 6ojie3HH . OnpeAeJieHHe pejieH Ha ocHOBe 6o/ie3HeHHbix cf )H3HHecKHx
    ouiyu/ eHHH HJIH CHMnTOMOB 6o/ie3HH BK /iioHaeT B ce6a npocb6y ic/memy
    Ha6 jHOAaTb 3a JIK»6 bIMH CBH3aHHbIMH C Hen y6eXAeHHHMH, 3MOUHHMH HJIH
    BOCNOMHHAHHHMH . HanpHMep, KJIHeHTKa C XpOHHHeCKHM HanpnxeHHeM
    B jieBOM njiene paccKa3ajia 06 aBTOKaTacTpocj/e, KOTopan npoH3omjia He-
    CKOJibico JieT Ha3aa. OHa Bceiyia npeanojiarajia , HTO STO 6HJIO npHHHHOH ee
    6OJIH. OAHaKO, no Mepe Toro Kan OHa npoAOJixajia HccjieAOBaTb CBOH acco-
    HHanHH, Hcnojib3yn TexHHKy a(J| )( )eKTHBHoro MOCTa , OHa 6 biJia yAHBJieHa ,
    DiaBa 6 &P XpoHHHecKHe 6OJIH H 6o;ie3HH 253

    Kor
    ^a
    yaapnjia
    ayMaTb o BOcnoMHHaHHH H3 CBoero AeTCTBa , Kor/ta MaTb
    Hanajia

    ee no njieny. 3TO o6ecnenHJio jiocTyn K HenpoHHon ceTH, CBH3aH-


    HOH C Co6 bITHHMH JjeTCTBa , HTO npHBeJIO K n 0JI02CHTeJIbH0My CJJBHiy B OT-
    HomeHHH ee 6OJIH. B AonojmeHHe K pa6oie Henocpe/ jCTBeHHO c 6ojieBbiMH
    CHMOTOMaMH H CBH3aHHbIMH C HHMH BOCnOMHHaHHHMH O npOHUIOM TaiOKe
    Ba cHO oueHHTb uejin , CBH3aHHbie
    ^ c noTepnMH B HacTonmeM , TaKHMH KaK
    noTepn Tpy/i;ocnoco6HOCTH H3-3a ncHxojiorHHecKOH TpaBMbi HJIH H3MeHe -
    HHH B HHTHMHbIX OTHOLLieHHHX. B CJiejjyiOmeM CnHCKe paCCMaTpHBaiOTCn
    B03M0 cHbie nejin , KOTopbie MoryT B03HHKHyTb
    ^ npn pa6oie c xpoHnnecKon
    6ojibio H 3a6ojieBaHneM.
    U,ejiH nepepa6oTKH npn xpoHHHecKoft 6OJIH H 6ojie3HH
    • Teicyinee omymeHne 6OJIH
    • CnMnTOMbi 6 3HH ojie

    • JIio6oe TpaBMamHecKoe co6biTne (co6biTnn ), KOTopoe npnBejio


    K xpoHHHecKoii 6OJIH HJIH noTepe ipyji;ocnoco6HOCTH.
    • BocnoMHHaHHH o nponuiOM H TpaBMHpyiomHe COSHTHH
    • He6 jiaronpHHTHbie jjeTCKHe nepeacHBaHHn
    • HCTpeCC H3-3a CHMnTOMOB
    ^
    • IIOTepn TpyflOCnOCo6HOCTH HJIH HHBaJIHflHOCTb
    • JXnanio3 bi H oniH6onHbie AHarH03bi
    • MeAHu HHCKHe npouejjypbi, SojibHHHHbie MeponpHHTHH, HenpHHTHbie
    ,

    BH3HTH K Bpany

    • HyBCTBO CTblAa HJIH CaMOo6BHHeHHH


    • MyBCTBO 6eCCHJIHH H 6eCnOMOmHOCTH
    • YKJIOHeHHe OT MeftHIJHHCKOH nOMOIUH
    • IloBeAeHHe, ycyry6 jiHiomee CHMOTOMBI, HanpHMep OTcyTCTBHe 4> H3H-
    necKHx ynpaacHeHHH HJIH HenpaBHjibHoe nHTaHHe

    • MCTOpHH HHBa3HBHbIX HJIH He KeJiaTeJIbHblX MejtfllJHHCKHX BMeilia -


    ^
    TeJIbCTB

    • HyBCTBO HenpaBHjibHoro noHHMaHHn HJIH OTKa3a OT Bpaneii


    • HenpaBHjibHoe jieKapCTBaMH , HanpHMep, HejtocTaTOHHoe
    jieneHHe

    HJIH npe3MepHoe KOJIKHCCTBO jieKapcTB.


    254 HacTb 2 IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    • CBH 3aHHbie c 3THM noTepH, TaKHe KaK HeTpy/i;ocnoco6HocTb, noTepn


    Ztoxo a HJIH cynpy^cecKHft /ceMeHHbiH cTpecc .
    ^
    • YnpejK/iiaiomHe CO6 MTHH , TaKHe KaK npeACTonmne Me/iHijHHCKHe
    BMemaTejibCTBa HJIH BH3 HTBI K Bpany.

    • CTpax 6OJIH HJIH 6 ojie3HH , KOTopbie HHKOiyua He npoxoziHT


    • HeraTHBHbie y6e}KAeHHH HJIH MHCJIBI , TaKHe KaK: “Tbi caM CTaji npHHH -
    HOH CBoero paKa , noTOMy HTO He npocTHJi CBOIO MaTb” .

    HErATHBHblE IIPE CTABJIEHHH , CBH 3AHHbIE


    ^
    C XPOHHHECKOH BOJIblO H EOJIE 3HbK)
    BblHBJieHHe HeraTHBHOH KOTHHIIHH HBJIHeTCH KJHOHeBbIM KOMnOHeHTOM
    EMDR-TepanHH. HHor a CTOHKan HeraTHBHan KOEHHIJHH MO>KeT MernaTb
    ^
    HCUeJieHHIO OT XpOHHHeCKOH 6oJie3HH HJIH 60JIH. HanpHMep, KJIHeHT, y KO-
    Toporo pa3 TH acejiyuoHHoe 3a6
    Kejioe , Heo HOKpaTHO npn -
    ojieBaHne

    XOAHJI Ha
    BHjiocb

    ceccHH co
    ^
    : “ H
    cjiOBaMH
    HHKorzia He
    ^
    cnpaBjnocb c STHM ! Mon KH3 } Hb
    OKOHHeHa”. HHor a ycroHHHBan HeraraBHan KOTHHIJHH uomej
    noMemaTb
    ^
    ycnexy EMDR -TepanHH, ero He ycrpaHHTb RO npoBe eHHH eceHCHSH-
    ecjiH

    3 . Mo KeT 6biTb
    aijHH 3 nojie HbiM
    ^ ^
    noMOHb KJineHTy pacno3HaTb HeKOTopbie
    jiH
    ^ MbicjiHTejibHbie OIHH6KH , KOTopbie MoryT ycnjiHBaTb
    pacnpocTpaHeHHbie
    cTpecc, TpeBory HJIH HeraTHBHyio peaKUHio Ha CHMOTOMBI 6OJIH HJIH 6ojie3-
    HH. PaccMOTpHM nozi;po6Hee HeKOTopbie pacnpocTpaHeHHbie 3a6 jiy^cjieHHH.
    • MwiiuieHHe no npHHn,nny “ nee HJIH HHnero ”. CKJioHHOCTb paccMa-
    TpHBaTb Bemn KaK nepHO-6ejibie, a He KaK KOHTHHyyM. HanpHMep:
    “ H 3-3a Moen 6ojie3HH co MHOH cjiynaiOTcn omm
    HenpHHTHocTH ” .
    • KaTacTpocJ)H 3auHH. Bepa oftzi;eT xyzunee 6e3 yneTa
    B TO , HTO npoH3
    ajibTepHaTHBHbix B03MomiocTeH. HanpHMep: HHKor a He nonpaB-
    JHOCb! ”
    ^
    • 06ecu,eHHBaHHe nojioacHTejibHOH BO3MOHCHOCTH. HcKjnoneHHe no-
    jio)KHTejibHbix Mbicjien HJIH B03M0 CH0CTeft.
    ^ HanpHMep: “ Hnnero xo-
    poinero H3 STOTO He BbiH / jeT ”.

    • 3Mon , HOHajibHoe paccyacAeHHe . Bepa B TO , HTO HTO -TO BepHO, npocTO


    nOTOMy, HTO Bbl CHJIbHO HyBCTByeTe HTO -TO , H HTHOpHpOBaHHe npOTH -
    Bonojio
    ^cHbix /ioKa3aTejibCTB. HanpHMep: “H yBepeH, HTO y MeHn paK,
    npocTO aHajiH3bi ero eme He BbiHBHJin ”.
    DiaBa 6 XpoHH 4ecicne 6OJIH H 6ojie3Hn 255

    • HMnepaTHBbi. Hajinnue HepeajiHCTHHHbix CTaH /napTOB H nyBCTBO


    o6*i3aHHOCTH no OTHOineHHio K ce6e HJIH flpyniM. HanpHMep: “51 JXOJI -
    )KeH yace noicoHHHTb c STHM!
    IlcHxoTepaneBTbi MoryT noMonb KJiHemaM 6pocnTb BM30 B omn6KaM
    MbinuieHHn c noMombio BonpocoB, KOTopbie noMoryT HM HCCJieAOBaTb
    ncTHHHOCTb CBOHX y6e>K /i;eHHH. HanpHMep , ncnxoTepaneBT MO ceT cnpo-
    ^
    CHTB: “ 3HaeTe JIH Bbi HaBepHnica , HTO cjiynHTcn caMoe xyjjmee?” HJIH “ Bbi
    AencTBHTejibHO Mo ceTe npeACKa3biBaTb
    ^ 6yAymee? ” Bojiee Toro, MOJKeT
    6bITb BaJKHbIM H3yHHTb n03HTHBHbie yTBep^K/ jeHHH, KOTopbie KJIHeHTbl MO-
    ryT Hcnojib30 BaTb caMOCTOHTejibHO a OHH noiiMaHbi Ha HeraTHBHbix
    , Kor
    Mo/ jejinx
    ^
    MbinuieHHH. KpoMe Toro, ncHXOTepaneBTbi noMoraiOT Kjmemy
    onpe , cymecTByeT JIH ycTOHHHBan HeraraBHan KOTHHHHH, KOTopbiii
    ^ ejiHTb

    3aKpenjineT KaKHe - 6o jiH OHIH6KH. HanpHMep,


    MbicjiHTejibHbie KJIHCHT ecjiH

    roBopHT: “ 51 HHKor/ He cnpaBJiiocb c STHM! Mon CH3Hb OKOHneHa!” ncnxo-


    na ^
    TepaneBT MOJKCT OTBCTHTB, cnpocHB: HTO 3TO roBopHT o Bac? ” Bbi MoaceTe
    o6HapyjKHTb HeraTHBHyio KOTHHHHIO, jie^camyio B ocHOBe yTBepacAeHHH “51
    6eccHjieH ”. HeraTHBHbie KOTHHHHH, cneijHcJjHHHbie /yin xpoHHnecKOH 6OJIH
    H 6ojie3HH , nacTO CBH3aHbi c onaceHHHMH no noBO/iy noBpejK eHHH H He -
    ^
    B03MOJKHOCTbio H3MeHHTb cHTyauiHio. B cjie yiomeM cnncKe npHBe eHbi
    ^
    HeCKOJIbKO npHMepOB HeraTHBHbix KOTHHHHH BMeCTe C COOTBeTCTByiOmH
    ^ -
    MH n 03HTHBHbIMH KOTHHHHHMH. YCTOHHHBbie HeraTHBHbie KOTHHUHH MO -
    ryT Hcnojib30 BaTbcn Rjm onpeAejieHHH uejien nepepa6oTKH.
    HeraTHBHbie H n03HTHBHbie KOrHHU,HH ,
    CBH3aHHbie C XpOHHHeCKOH 6oJIbIO H 6oJie3HHMH
    Hezamuemie KOZHUHUU no3umu6 Hbie KOZHUHUU
    5J noepexdeH Co MHOU ece e nopndKe
    51 C / 10 MC1 H 51 u,en
    51 Seccunen 51 cunen
    51 fieccu/ieH u3 MeHumb ceoio cumyanuK ) 51 mzy cdenamb npaeu /ibHbiu 6 bi6 op
    51 cnadbiuecm npu3 HCH0 , mo me 6 o / ibHO 51 cummiQ , Hecmmpn m m mo
    51 He Mozy nepexumb amo 51 ebimey
    51 nomepn / i KOHmpom 51 KOHmpo/ iupyio Koe -mo
    51 cdenan mo- mo He maK 3mo He A/1051 euna
    256 HacTb 2 ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    BTOPHHHAH BbirOZIA H YEblTKH


    KjIHeHTbl MOryT COnpOTHBJIHTbCH JieHeHHIO H3-3a BTOpHHHOH Bbiro bl,
    CBH3aHHOH C CHMIITOMaMH XpOHHHeCKOH 60JIH H
    ^
    6oJie3HH. TpaAHIJHOHHO
    TepMHH “ BTopHHHan Bbiro a ” CBH3biBajicn c KJiHeHTaMH, KOTopbie npeyBe-
    jiHHHBajiH
    ^
    CHMiiTOMbi HJIH He nojiynajm yjiynmeHHH B pe3yjibTaTe Jiene-
    6
    HHH , HTO M npoAOJiacaTb nojiynaTb onpe ejieHHbie npeHMymecTBa, TaKHe
    ^
    KaK (J) HHaHCOBaH HJIH jKHjmmHan no/mep>KKa. OflHaKO RJIHCHTBI , KOTopbie
    CHMyjmpyiOT HJIH co3 aiOT jio>KHbie cHMnTOMbi , Ha caMOM jjejie BCTpena -
    ^
    IOTCH ftOBOJibHO pejiKO [ Dersh, Polatin , Leeman & Gatchel , 2004 ]. Hame
    Bcero BTOpHHHan Bbirojia HanpaBjieHa Ha yjjoBjieTBopeHHe rjiy6oKHx He -
    pemeHHbix noTpe6HOCTeH B 3aBHCHMOCTH HJIH HBJIHIOTCH cnoco6oM JJO -
    6HTBCH npH3HaHHH 3aKOHOMepHOCTH CTpa aHHH [ Fishbain, 1994 ]. 3TOT
    ^
    npouiecc , Kan npaBHJio , He HBjraeTcn co3HaTejibHbiM Ha6opoM eftcTBHH
    ^
    co CTopoHbi KJineHTa. ,/JJIH HaniHx ijejieH MM onpe ejineM BTopHHHyio Bbi-
    ^
    Tojxy KaK jiio6oe nojiojKHTejibHoe npeHMymecTBO , conpoBOJK / jaiomee cjm -
    3HHeCKHe HJIH nCHXOJIOrHHeCKHe CHMnTOMbi . Ba )KHO OTMeTHTb, HTO 3TO
    oScyac eHne BTOPHHHOH Bbiro bi He HanpaBjieHO Ha o6BHHeHHe KjmeHTa.
    ^ ^
    HaCTO npHHHHbl BTOpHHHOH BbirOflbl TJiy6oKH H nCHXOJIOTHHeCKH CJIOJK -
    HM. B pe3yjibTaTe KjmeHTbi MoryT He 3HaTb o ncHxojiorHnecKHx npHHHHax
    6OJIH HJIH 6ojie3HH . KjineHTbi nacTO nyBCTByiOT ce6n pa3onapoBaHHbiMH
    H nonaBniHMH B jiOByuiKy, ecjiH HX CHMnTOMbi He Hcne3aiOT, HecMOTpn
    Ha Bee HX ycHJiHH H nonbiTKH jieneHHH. B H / jeajie ncHXOTepaneBTbi JXOJITK -
    nOJJXO/JHTb K JIK)6oMy oScy eHHK) BTOpHHHbIX BblTOfl C KJIHeHTOM
    Hbl
    ^
    AejiHKaTHo, c cocTpa aHHeM H 6e3 O6BHHCHHH . Bojiee TOTO , cjieAyeT no-
    ^
    HHMaTb, HTO B OCHOBe MOTHBaiJHH BTOpHHHOH BblTOAbl JieJKaT 3aKOHHbie
    noTpe6 HocTH. KjineHTbi HCKpeHHe CTpa aioT H CTpeMHTcn y/ joBjieTBopHTb
    ^
    3TH noTpe6HocTH HaHJiynniHM o6 pa30M . 06 BHHeHHe KJineHTa B STHX MO -
    THBax ycyry6 jmeT Te caMbie npo6 jieMbi, KOTopbie MBI CTpeMHMcn noMOHb
    HM peniHTb. B cjie yiomeM cnncKe HCCJie yiOTcn HeKOTopbie H3 pacnpo-
    CTpaHeHHblX
    ^ HaTeJIbH0
    6eCC03 ^
    HJIH C 03HaTeJIbH 0 MOTHBHpOBaHHbIX BTO-
    pHHHbIX Bbiro# , KOTopbie MoryT B03HHKHyTb npn pa6oTe c xpoHHnecKOH
    6oJIbIO H 6oJie3HbK).
    nCHXOJIOrHHeCKHe IIpHHHHbl BTOpHHHOH BhlTOJlfil
    • OH3HHeCKHe CHMnTOMbi y3aKOHHBaiOT nCHXOJIOrHHeCKHe CHMnTOMbi,
    KOTopbie MoryT omymaTbcn KaK HenpneMjieMan JiopMa 6OJIH.
    (
    DiaBa 6 &P XpoHnnecKHe 6OJIH H 6ojie3HH 257

    • CHMnTOMbi MOryT 6bITb 6


    CnOCo oM yAOBJieTBOpeHHH nOTpe HOCTeH 6
    H3-3a Hepa3pemeHHOH TpaBMbi npHBA3aHHOCTH. KAHCHTM MoryT aca-
    ACAaTb 6JIH30CTH H o6meHHH c BpanaMH H ncnxoTepaneBTaMH. KAH -
    eHTbi MoryT onacaTbcn , HTO yjiyHineHHe 03HanaeT noTepio STHX OTHO-
    rneHHH. 3TO MOACCT BKAionaTb noHCK conyBCTBHH H 3a6oTbi y APY3en
    H ceMbH , KOTopbie , Kax OHH onacaioTCH, B npoTHBHOM CAynae 6MJIH 6 bi
    He ocTynHbi.
    ^
    • CHMIITOMBI MoryT 6biTb cnoco6oM Bbipa3HTb npaBO Ha OTABIX nocjie

    MHorax jieT Hpe3MepHOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH. 3a6 ojieBaHHe MOACCT AaTb


    B03M0ACH0CTb OTAOXHyTb H nOJiyHHTb nOMOIIJb, a CHMnTOMbI MoryT
    AaTb B03M0ACH0CTb OTKa3aTbCA OT HeACeAaTeAbHbIX ACH3HeHHbIX o6n -
    3aHHOCTeii , TaKHX KaK pojib POAHTCAA , cynpyra HJIH KopMHAbija.

    " CHMOTOMBI MoryT 6biTb cnoco6oM BbipaAceHHA Hepa3pemeHHoro rae-


    Ba HJIH noTpe6HOCTH OTOMCTHTb poAHTeAio HJIH cynpyry.
    • Bojie3Hb MOACCT o6ecnenHTb couHajibHyio HAGHTHHHOCTB, KOTopan
    HMeeT Ha 6op npaBHJi B3aHMOAeHCTBHA. 3ia npHHATan pojib o6ecne-
    HHBaeT cnoco6 OTHOCHTBCH K ApyrHM JIIOAHM. HHorAa KJineHTbi 6OAT-
    CH H36aBHTbCH OT CHMnTOMOB, nOTOMy HTO OHH He 3HaiOT, KeM 6 bl OHH
    6bIJIH 6e3 HHX.
    • CHMnTOMbi MoryT CAyACHTb cpeACTBOM Ann yAepAcaHHH cynpyra HJIH
    .

    pa3pbiBa 6paKa HJIH OTHomeHHH.


    napTHepa OT

    " CHMOTOMH MoryT cjiyjKHTb cpe^cTBOM RJIK H36eraHHn ceKca HJIH


    npHMeHeHHH cpeACTB KOHTpaijenijHH.

    • CHMnTOMbi MoryT Heo6xoAHMyio (J) HHaHcoByio noA-


    o6ecnenHTb
    ACpJKKy. KjiHeHTbi MoryT 6onTbcn CTaTb Aynme, nOTOMy HTO y HHX
    HeT noAroTOBKH HAH onbiTa pa6oTbi , Heo6xoAHMoro RJIX noAyneHHH
    npoACHTonHoro MHHHMyMa. IIoTepn (JiHHaHCOBOH noAAep CKH no HH-
    ^
    BaJIHAHOCTH , Cy6cHAHpOBaHHOrO ACHAbA H / HAH Cy6cHAHpOBaHHOrO
    nHTaHHA npHBeAeT K TAACCAblM nOCAeACTBHAM .
    • CHMnTOMbi MoryT npeAOCTaBHTb BO3MOACHOCTH JXJW. npo J eccHOHaAb- ( )

    HOH nepenoAroTOBKH H noAAOpACKH .


    • CHMnTOMbi MoryT o6ecnenHTb 3amHTy OT HeAceAaTeAbHbix o6n3a-
    TeAbCTB, TaKHX KaK BbinAaTa aAHMeHTOB HAH ynacTHe B cyAe .
    • CHMnTOMbi o6ecnenHBaiOT AOCTyn K AeKapcTBaM.
    258 HacTb 2 ricuxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    Kor a KJiHeHT Bbipa >icaeT pa3onapoBaHHe no noBOziy Toro, HTO CHMHTO-


    ^
    MM He Hcne3aK)T, MO >KeT 6biTb nojie3HbiM npoBecTH ejiHKaTHoe H cocTpa -
    o6cyac£eHHe BTOPHHHBIX Bbiro/b U,ejib onpe
    ^
    ZjaTejibHoe
    ^ejieHHH

    BBIROA COCTOHT B TOM, HTo6bI npOHCHHTb nOTCHIJHaJIbHbie /JOnOJIHHTeJIbHbie


    BTOPHHHBIX

    UeJIH nCHXOJIOTHHeCKOH TpaBMbI, KOTOpbie Heo6xO£ HMO yCTpaHHTb, HTo6 bI


    jieneHHe 6biJio ycneniHbiM. KoHijenijHH, TecHO cBH3aHHan c BTOPHHHBIMH
    BBIROZIAMH , 3aKJnonaeTcn B noHHMaHHH TOTO , HTO BMecTe c STHMH Bbiroa;aMH
    CBH3aHbi BTOpHHHbie noTepH [ Dersh et al., 2004; Fishbain, 1994 ]. Hpyrnuvi
    CJIOBaMH , BTOpHHHbie BblTO/Jbl CBH3aHbI C nOAJIHHHbIMH nOTpe6HOCTHMH,
    KOTOpbie B HacTonmee BpeMH He yAOBjieTBopniOTCfl B MHpe KJineHTa. B
    npe CTaBjieHbi HexoTopbie pacnpocTpaHeHHbie BTO
    cjiejiyiomeM cnncKe -
    ^
    pHHHbie noTepH , KOTOpbie MoryT B03HHKHyTb npH pa6oTe c xpoHHnecKOH
    6ojibio npn 6ojie3HH. 3TH CBH3aHHbie noTepn MoryT #aTb npeziCTaBjieHHe
    o iiejinx Rjm EMDR -TepanHH.
    BiopHHHbie noTepH , CBH3aHHbie
    C XpOHHHeCKOH 6oJIbIO H 6oJie3HbK)
    • 0HHaHCOBbie
    • CoitHajibHbie OTHomeHHH H ceTb coijHajibHOH nojuxepyKKn
    • YBa^ceHHe OT ceMbH H #py3eH
    • YBa^KeHHe co CTopoHbi BpaneH HJIH ncHxoTepaneBTOB
    • THnnHHan ceMeftHan 5KH3Hb
    • JXocyr HJIH pa3 BJieKaTejibHbie MeponpHHTHH

    • 3HaneHHe HJIH mejib B CBH3H C noTepen paOoTbi


    • CoiUHajibHan pojib HJIH JIHHHOCTB
    • CoiJHaJIbHbie CTHTMbl, CBH3aHHbie C XpOHHHeCKOH HHBaJIHftHOCTblO
    • HyBCTBO BHHbl 3a HHBaJIHtfHOCTb
    KpaftHe Ba>KHO yaoBjieTBopHTb 3aKOHHbie noTpe6HOCTH KjmeHTa .
    HanpHMep, ecjiH noTpe6HOCTH B 3aBHCHMOCTH MeinaiOT jieneHHio, BSUKHO
    o6paTHTb BHHMaHHe Ha jno6yio Jieacamyio B ocHOBe TpaBMy npHBH3aHHO-
    CTH ( CM. rjiaBy 5). B HexoTopbix cjiynanx, ecjiH KJIHCHT TepneT yBaaceHHe
    CO CTOpOHbl Me HIJHHCKHX pa60THHK0 B, nCHXOTepaneBT M 05KCT BbICTynaTb
    ^
    B pojiH 3ain; HTHHKa naijneHTa. IIocjieAHHM coo6paaceHHeM npn jieneHHH
    HBjmeTCH Heo6xoAHMOCTb npHBjieHeHHH cnei najiHCTa no HHBajiH£HOcra ,
    ^
    DiaBa 6 £P XpOHnnecKHe 6OJIH H 6ojie3HM 259

    o6yneHHbIM
    KOTOpblH HBJIHeTCH
    MOHb KJIHeHTy CnpaBHTbCH C 4 ^
    npO eCCHOHaJIOM , KOTOpblH MOJKeT
    ) HHaHCOBbIMH
    J
    H npO( ) eCCHOHaJIbHbIMH
    no-
    no-
    TepnMH H CBH3aHHbiMH c HHMH uejiHMH. TaKoe coBMecTHoe jieneHHe AaeT
    ^
    nojio cHTejibHbie pe3yjibTaTbi [ Dersh et al., 2004 ].

    nOPH /IOK UEJIEH , CBH 3AHHbIX


    C XPOHHHECKOH EOJIbK) H BOJIE 3HbIO
    HHor/i,a 6 biBaeT CJIO^KHO noHHTb, c Hero HanaTb, noMoran KjmeHTaM pa-
    6oTaTb C UejIHMH , CBH3aHHbIMH C XpOHHHeCKOH 60JIbI0 H 6oJie3HbK>. MbI
    peKOMeH yeM cjieAyiomHH nopnAOK ijejieH ( oAHaKO, KaK Bcer a , opneHTH -
    ^
    pyiiTecb Ha KOHKpeTHoro KJiHeHTa ).
    ^
    IIopHAOK UeJiefl , CBH3EHHbIX
    C XpOHHHeCKOH 6oJIbK) H 6oJie3HbK)
    • Hauejibiecb Ha 6bie co6biTHH, KOTopbie npHBejiH K TpaBMaM HJIH
    jno

    OOJIEBBIM CHMnTOMaM KJiHeHTa. ECJIH Co6bITHH HeCKOJIbKO, HaHHHTe


    c caMoro paHHero CO6HTHH H pa6oTaHTe c HHMH B xpoHOJiorHnecKOM
    nopHAKe. B KanecTBe ajibTepHaTHBbi, ecjiH KJineHT c TpyAOM nepe-
    HOCHT nepepa6oTKy, MO ceT 6 biTb nojie3HO HanaTb c ijejm , HMeiomen
    ^
    caMbie HH3KHe oijeHKH no niKajie SUDS, H nepeHTH K ijejiHM c 6ojiee
    BHCOKHMH oueHKaMH.
    B OojibiHHHCTBe cjiynaeB RJIK 3THX UeJieH 3Cj)
    _
    (
    JieKTHBeH TpaAHAHOHHbiii npoTOKOJi EMDR-TepanHH.
    • OpneHTHpyHTecb Ha npomjibie nepeacHBaHHH CHMOTOMOB 6OJIH HJIH
    6ojie3HH. HaHHHTe c HaijejiHBaHHH Ha nepBbin pa3, KorAa KJIHCHT HC-
    nbiTaji cHMnTOMbi. 3aTeM HaijejibTecb Ha HanxyAinne anH30Abi CHM -

    nTOMOB. HaKOHeu, Hauejibrecb Ha caMbift nocjieAHHH pa3, KorAa CHM -


    nTOMbi 6BIJIH HcnbiTaHbi. B OojibniHHCTBe cjiynaeB yMecTHO ncnojib-
    30BaTb TpaAHAHOHHblH npOTOKOJI npH HaueJIHBaHHH Ha KOHKpeTHbie
    npOHBJieHHH CHMnTOMOB.

    • HauejibTecb Ha ycTOHHHByio HeraTHBHyio KOTHHUHIO, CBH3aHHyio


    c Sojibio, HanpHMep: noBpeacAeH ”, OeccnjieH ” HJIH “ H Bbimeji
    H3- noA KOHTPOJIH . B 3TOM cjiynae HaHHHTe c HeraTHBHOH KOTHHAHH ,
    CBH3aHHOH C CHMOTOMOM , H HCnOJIb3yHTe TeXHHKy MOCTa BOCnOMHHa -
    HHe /a4>4>eKT, HTO6H HaiiTH npoOHbiH KaMeHb.
    260 HacTb 2 IIcHxoTepaneBTHMecKHe BMeuiaTejibCTBa

    • BopHTeeb C JIK 6 bIMH ZJOnOJIHHTeJIbHblMH J aKTOpaMH CTpeCCa H no-


    ) ( )

    TepHMH , TaKHMH KaK HeTpya:ocnoco6HOCTb , H3MeHeHHe o6 pa3a acH3-


    HH HJIH BJIHHHHe XpOHHHeCKOH 60JIH HJIH 6oJie3HH Ha 6 jIH3KHe OT-
    HomeHHH.

    • HaijejibTecb Ha 6bie BTopHHHbie Bbiro


    jno
    ^ bi H CBH3aHHbie c HHMH BTO-
    pHHHbie nOTepH.

    • HauejibTecb Ha TeKymne 6 ojieBbie omymeHHH.

    PaccMOTpHM npuMep onpejjejieHHH ijejm Ha ocHOBe CHMnTOMa xpoHHHe-


    CKOH 6OJIH y KjmeHTKH, y KOTopoft 6biJiH Hacrae rojiOBHbie 6OJIH. HecMOTpn
    Ha MHoroHHCJieHHbie MeziHiiiHHCKHe aHajiH3bi , ee Bpann He CMorjiH onpejje-
    JIHTB MeAHbtHHCKyio npHHHHy ee rojioBHbix 6ojieft. Ha STane c6opa aHaMHe -
    3a B paMKax EMDR -Tepamra ee TepaneBT y3Haji, HTO B zieTCTBe KJineHTKa
    no/iBeprajiacb AOManmeMy HacHJiHio co CTopoHbi po/iHTejieH. OHa Taiojce
    paccKa3ajia o nacTOM ynoTpeSjieHHH ajiKorojin O6OHMH ee poziHTejraMH.
    IIcHxoTepaneBT noMor KJineHTKe nocTpOHTb ijejib Ha ocHOBe omymeHHH
    rojiOBHOH 6OJIH , Hcnojib3yH ac[) )eKTHBHbm MOCT. Korzia ee nonpocHjiH
    4
    onncaTb, KaK OHa OTHOCHTCH K CBOHM rojiOBHbiM 6OJIHM , OHa nojiejiHjiacb,
    HTO HyBCTBOBaJia , HTO He MOJKeT HHHerO KOHTpOJIHpOBaTb H HTO TOJIOBHbie
    6OJIH pa3pymaiOT ee }KH3Hb 6e3 npezjynpe^KfleHHH. OHa BCKope BcnoMHHjia
    ce6n B zteTCTBe H BcnoMHHjia, KaK ccopHjracb ee po HTejiH. Ee HeraTHB-
    ^
    Han KOTHHIJHH ( jjopMyjmpoBajiacb TaK: “51 6ecnoMomHa ”. IIcHxoTepaneBT
    noMor KJineHTKe CHH3HTb HyBCTBHTejibHOCTb H nepepa6oTaTb STOT o6 pa3
    ce6n B JXETCTBC. OHa CMorjia nozjKjnoHHTbcn K omymeHHHM BO BpeMH jxe-
    ceHCH6HjiH3aHHH H Hanajia BbinojiHHTb npoue ypy nocjiejioBaTejibHoro
    ^
    BbICBo6o C/lieHH5I , n 03B0JIHB CBOHM pyKaM H HOTaM BHTaTbCH, KOT/ ja OHa
    ^ ^
    npe CTaBjiHJia, KaK y6eraeT H3 zjoMa. Ilo 3aBepmeHHH K/iHeHTKa npH3Ha-
    ^
    jia, HTO 6ojibine He 6ecnoMomHa. OHa onncajia , HTO Tenepb nyBCTByeT ce6n

    CHjibHoii H KOHTpojiHpyeT CBOio CH3Hb. 3aTeM OHa nepepaSoTajia CBoe BOC -


    ^
    noMHHaHHe o nepBOH CHjibHOH TOJIOBHOH 6OJIH , B03HHKineH B oneHb Hanpn -
    ee 2CH3HH. IIcHxoTepaneBT TaKJKe noMor eft H36aBHTbcn
    ^KeHHbift nepHozu rojioBHbiMH
    OT CTpaxa uepejx 6OJIHMH B 6ya;ymeM, H B KOHCHHOM HTore OHa
    COo6mHJia O CHH 2CeHHH HaCTOTbl H HHTeHCHBHOCTH CBOHX CHMnTOMOB.
    CjieziyiomHe cijeHapHH onpe ejieHHH ijejm JXJIK nepepa6oTKH noMora-
    ^
    K)T KJIHeHTy yCTaHOBHTb I eJIb Ha OCHOBe CHMnTOMOB XpOHHHeCKOH 6OJIH
    HJIH 6ojie3HH HJIH
    ^
    pacnpocTpaHeHHbix HeraTHBHbix KOTHHLI; HH, KOTopbie
    6 jioKHpyioT ycneniHoe . IJejieBoft
    jieneHHe ciieHapHH “ CTapT c CHMnTOMa
    DiaBa 6
    ^ XpojiK' iecKae 6OJIH H 6ojie3HH 261

    XpOHHHeCKOH 60JIM HJIH 6ojIC3HH C afjxjiCKTHBHbIM MOCTOM ” IipeflJiaraCT


    KJIHeHTy OnpefleJIHTb JIK)6 bie BOCnOMHHaHHH , CBH3aHHbie C My 4HTeJIb-
    HblMH CHMnTOMaMH XpOHHHeCKOH 6OJIH HJIH 6ojie3HH. CneHapnn “ CiapT
    C CHMOTOMa XpOHHHeCKOH 60JIH HJIH 6ojie3HH 6e3 a(J) 4> eKTHBHOrO MOCTa”
    pa6oTaeT HenocpeflCTBeHHO c CHMnTOMaMH xpoHHHecKOH 6OJIH HJIH 6O-
    jie3HH , noMoraa ic/memy C03 jiaTb penpe3eHTaTHBHbiH o6pa3, ocHOBaHHbin

    Ha onncaTejibHbix ajieMeHTax CHMnTOMa. 06bi 4 HO OH Hcnojib3yeTca , ecjiH


    acjicJieKTHBHbiH MOCT He naji npo6Horo KaMHH HJIH ecjiH KJIHCHT C TpypoM
    nepeHOCHT HenpHHTHbie BOcnoMHHaHHH , HO Bee eipe Moncei pa6oTaTb
    Han yMeHbmeHHeM noKa3aTejm no rnxajie SUDS, CBH3aHHoro c npncyT-
    CTByiomHM CHMOTOMOM xpoHHHecKOH 6OJIH HJIH 6oJie3HH. CpeHapHH onpe-
    “ CTapT c HeraraBHOH KOFHHUHH , CBH3aHHOH c CHMnTOMaMH
    PiejieHHH nejiH
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    ocHOBaHHyio Ha 6 jioKHpyioipHX ySexcpeHHnx, KOTopbie MemaioT JieneHHio.

    CueHapHH onpeuejieHHH uejrn “ CiapT c CHMnTOMa


    XpoHHHecKOH 60JIH HJIH 6ojie3HH C nOMOHI,bIO
    a(J)(J)eKTHBHoro MOCTa”
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    pBei, TeMnepaiypa MM TeKcrypa ? HacKonbKo OHO oinbHoe ? Tenepb no -
    npo 6yiTre Bbi 6 paTb KntoieBoe CBOBO win 4> pa3y, cooTBeTCTByioiAMe 3T0 My
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    npoMcxoAMT, KorAa B roBopio [ KBioneBoe CBOBO ] Pe30 HkipyeT BH STO C Ba -
    ,

    LLiMMM 4) M 3 HHecKHMn omyipeHHBMM ? Korpa Bbi noHyBCTByeie [ KBIOHeBOe


    CBOBO ] , paccKaxme MHe , KorAa Bbi HeAaBHO qyBCTBOBaBM ero .
    KapTMHa / o 6 pa 3. Kaxan KapTHHa MBM o 6 pa 3 npeACTaBBBeT STO nyBCTBO

    ABB Bac ?
    HeraTMBHan KOTHMAUB. KorAa Bbi AyMaeie 06 STOM KapniHe, KaKkie Hera -
    THBHbiey 6 exAeHMB y Bac B 03 Hm<aioT o ce 6 e ?
    3MOAMH. KaKkie 3 Mopnn Bbi HcnbUbiBaeie ?
    .
    A 4> 4) eKTMBHbm MOCT Tenepb cKOHpeHTpnpyMTecb Ha [ KBioneBOM CBOBe],
    Ha KapTHHe [ xapTUHa KBMeHTa ] n Ha HeratHBHbix CBOBax [ HeraniBHaB
    262 Hacrb 2 ncHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    KOrHMLJMB ] , Ha Bcex 3 MOI4 MBX , KOTOpbie Bbl MCnbITbIBaeTe , M Ha TOM Mede ,


    rfle Bbi MX nyBCTByeTe . l 1 o 3 Bo.nbTe CBoeMy pa 3 yMy BcnoMHMTb caMbm paH-
    "

    HMM MOMeHT, KOTfla Bbl nOMHMTe , HTO HyBCTBOBa /lM Ce 6 fl TaK xe . ripOCTO

    flaBaMTe nio 6 bie OTBeTbi , KOTOpbie npMxoflfiT B rorioBy, 6 e 3 L;eH3 ypbi .


    CKaxMTe , HTO Bbi omymaeTe ?

    .
    npHMevaHHe CocraBbre crmcoK penefi , B03 HMKatoin,HX BO Bpem Bocno -
    MHHamw - BcnbnuKM . HanHure aran opeHKH c npofoHofi penu.

    KapTMHa/o6pa3. Kaxan xapTMHa wnv\ o6 pa 3 npeACTaB /iaeT CO 6 OM xyfliuyio


    nacTb [ npo 6 Horo BocnoMMHaHMn ] ?

    HeraTMBHafi KorHMUMSi. KorAa Bbi BcnoMMHaeie STOT o 6 pa 3 , Kaxoe Hera -


    TMBHoe MHeHMe y Bac ecTb o ce 6 e ?

    npuMenaHne. 3ra Herarmnan xorHupm Moxer He coBnaparb c HeraruB -


    HOH KomupueM , OTHOcmneticn K cyLpecTByioLpeMy cmmoMy xponmecKOH
    6O / IH MJ1M 6o / ie3 HH .
    n03MTMBHaH KOTHMI4MB. Korfla Bbl BCriOMMHaeTe 3TOT o 6pa 3 , BO HTO 6bl Bbl
    xoTe/iM BepMTb o ce 6 e ?
    LUxa /ia VoC. KorAa Bbi BcnoMMHaeTe 06 STOM KapTMHe M c /ioBax [ IIO3 MTMB -
    HaB KOTHMPMB ], HaCKO/lbKO OHM KaxyTCB BaM BepHbIMM no LUKa /ie OT eflM -
    HMAbi flo ceMM , rAe eAMHMLja 03 HanaeT coBepweHHyio Jioxb, a ceMb — HM -
    CTyio npaBAy ?

    3 MOL( MM. KorAa Bbi BcnoMMHaeTe 06 STOM KapTMHe M STMX c/ioBax [ Hera -
    TMBHan KOTHMLIMB ] , Kaxne 3 M 0 AMM Bbi ceMHac MCnbITbIBaeTe ?

    LUxa /ia SUDS. Ilo LUKane OT Hy/iB AO A ^ CBTM , rAe Hy/ib — OTcyTCTBMe crpec -
    ca M /IM HeMTpanbHoe OTHOiueHMe , a 10 — MaKCMMaribHbiM CTpecc, KOTopbm
    Bbi MoxeTe ce 6 e npeACTaBMTb , HacKO/ibKO Bac ceMHac 6 ecnoKOMT STOT MH -
    AMAeHT?
    Teno. B KaxoM MecTe Bbi ceMHac nyBCTByeTe 6 ecnoKOMCTBo ?
    npuMenaHne. Kax ro/ ibKO penb 6yper onpepenena, 3 aBepiuMTe aranbi pe -
    ceHCH 6 n / iH 3 apxm, MHCTannmiMM u cxaHupoBaHMa rena pnn Bcex npoLU / ibix
    peneti , HacTompeti pe/w v\ wo6bix rpurrepoB H 3 aK0 HHme 6ypyipHM ina -
    6JIOHOM , HHTerpxipyiOLpHM HOByio no3 HTHBHyio KorHupwo, cnpaBJifuoipyiocn
    C 6o / lblO HJ1H 6one3 HbK).
    DiaBa 6 XpoHHnecKHe 6OJIH H 6ojie3HH 263

    CueHapHH onpeaejieHHH u,ejiH “OrapT c CHMiiTOMa


    XpOHHMeCKOH 60JIH HJIH 6oJie3HH 6e3 a( )( )eKTHBHOrO MOCTa ”
    JJ
    lOnoHeBoe CJIOBO AJIH TeaecHbix CHMFITOMOB. Bbi 6epme oflHy npo 6aeMy
    nan omymeHMe flaa nccaeAOBaHHa . HanHHTe Ha 6a (OflaTb 3 a nyBCTBOM, KO -
    Topoe B 03 HMKaeT, Korfla Bbi pa 3 MbinjaaeTe 06 3TOM . Ecib an y Hero 4> opMa ,
    pBeT, TeMnepaiypa nan TeKdypa ? HacicoabKO OHO cnabHoe ? Tenepb no -
    npo 6yMTe Bbi 6 paTb KaioneBoe caoBO MAN cjopa 3yp cooTBeTCTBytomne 3T0 My
    nyBCTBy. HanpHMep , Bbi Moxeie Bbi 6 paTb caoBa rnxecrb , noxanbiBanixe ,
    6ecnoKoficTBo , HanpmeHne nan HepB03 Hocrb . 06paime BHHMaHne , HTO
    npoHcxoflm, KorAa a roBopK) [ KaioneBoe caoBo ] , Pe30HMpyeian 3TO C Ba -
    LUHMH <J) H 3 MHecKHMM oinyiAOHHaMH ? KorAa Bbi noHyBCTByeTe [ KaiOHeBOe
    caoBo ] , paccKaxme MHe , KorAa Bbi HeAaBHo nyBCTBOBaan ero.

    HeramBHaa KorHMAMH. KorAa Bbi Aywaeie 06 3TOH KapTHHe, Kaxne Hera -


    THBHbie y 6 exAeHMH y Bac B 03HMKaioT 0 ce 6 e ?

    n03MTMBHaa KOTHHUMa. KorAa Bbi BCnOMHHaeTe 3T0T o 6 pa 3, BO HTO 6 bl Bbi


    xoTean Bepmb 0 ce 6 e ?
    IllKaaa VoC. KorAa Bbi BcnoMHHaeTe 06 3TOH KapTHHe H caoBax [ no 3MTMB -
    Haa KorHnpna ], HacKoabKO OHH KaxyTca BaM BEPHBIMH no mxaae OT eAH -
    HHpbi AO ceMH, rAe eAHHMua 03 HanaeT coBepujeHHyio aoxb, a ceMb HH - —
    CTyio npaBAy ?

    SMOAMM. KorAa Bbi BcnoMHHaeTe 06 STOH KapTHHe H STHX caoBax [ Hera -


    THBHaa KOTHHAHa ] , K 3 KHe 3 MOI4 HH Bbi CeHHaC HCnblTblBaeTe ?

    LLlKaaa SUDS, no WKaae OT Hyaa AO AecaTH, rAe Hyab — OTcyTCTBne crpec -


    ca nan HenTpaabHoe OTHomeHne , a 10 — MaKCHMaabHbin cTpecc , KOTopbin
    Bbi MoxeTe ce 6 e npeACTaBHTb, HacKoabKO Bac cennac 6 ecnoKOHT STOT HH -

    AHAeHT ?
    ripuMenaHHe. KaK ro/ ibKo pe/ ib typer onpepeneHa, 3aBepuime aranbi pe -
    ceHCM6MJW 3au,m, nHcrannapm n CKaHtxpoBanm rena PUB Bcex npow / ibix
    peneix , HacroBipeti perm M mo6 bix rpixrrepoB . 3aKOHBixre LuatnoHOM 6ypy -
    ipero noBepenm, mrerpixpyioipm HOByio no3 MTHBHyio KorHupim, cnpaB -
    riBKiipyiocB c tonbio mix 6one3 Hbio .
    264 HacTb 2 & IlcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    Cu,eHapHH onpe,a;ejieHHH u,ejiH “ CrapT c HeraraBHoft


    KOrHHUHH , CBH 3aHHOH C CHMIITOMclMH XpOHHHeCKOH 60JIH HJIH
    60Jie3HH ”
    HeraTMBHan KOTHMUMB. Bbi noflejin /incb co MHOM , HTO Bbi Bepme [ Hera -
    TMBHOpi KOTHMUMn ] , KOTfla Bbi nOflyMaMTe 0 CBOeM 6 ojln / 6 o e 3 HM ?
    ^
    KapTMHa / o 6pa 3. Kaxaa xapTMHa HJIM o 6 pa 3 npeACTaB /ineT [ HeraTMBHyio
    KorHkmmo ] ? 3ia KapTHHa He o 6B 3 aie;ibHO flo/ixHa 6 biTb pea /ibHoPi , M oHa
    Moxei BbimBAeTb KaK yroflHO .

    SMOUMA. Korfla Bbi AyMaeie 0 3 ToPi KapTHHe M STHX c /iOBax [ HeraTMBHaa


    KOTHHAHB ], KaKMe 3 M 0 UHM Bbi cePinac McnbiTbiBaeie ?
    Te;io. B xaxoM MecTe Bbi HyBCTByeie 6 ecnoxoncTBO ?
    A<t> 4>eKTiiBHbm MOCTa. Tenepb cxoHueHTpkipyPiTecb Ha [ HeraTHBHoPi xor -
    HMAMM ] M xapTMHe [ noBTopme onncaHne xapTMHbi ], H Ha Bcex BMOUMBX,
    KOTopbie Bbi HyBCTByeie , H Ha TOM, rAe Bbi STO HyBCTByeie. l lo3 Bo/ibTe CBO -
    "

    eMy pa 3yMy BCnOMHMTb CaMblM paHHMM MOMeHT, KOTAa Bbi nOMHHTe, HTO
    nyBCTBOBa /iH ce 6 fl Tax >xe. llpocTO AaaaPiTe xno 6 bie OTBeTbi, KOTopbie npM -
    XOAHT BaM B ro/ioBy, 6 e 3 u,eH 3ypbi. Cxaxme MHe , HTO Bbi omyiAaeie ?

    npuMenaHHe. CocraBbre CHHCOK penefi , B03 HHKaiomMX BO epeM« Bocno -


    HaVhWTe 3Tan OLieHKM C npo6HOH U,eJM .
    MMHdHMfl - BCnbllllKM .

    KapTMHa / o6 pa 3. Kaxaa xapTMHa M /IM o 6 pa 3 npeACTaB /ifleT co 6 oPi xyALuyio


    nacTb [ npo 6 Horo BocnoMMHaHHB ] ?

    HeraTMBHao KOTHMAMH. KorAa Bbi BcnoMHHaeTe STOT o 6 pa 3, xaxoe Hera -


    THBHoe MHeHHe y Bac ecTb 0 ce 6 e ?
    npHMevamie. 3 ra HeraniBHaft Kornmim Moxer He coBnaparb c HeraruB -
    HOH KorHHLiHeH, oTHOcfupeficfi K cymecTByiomeMy CHMnroMy xpoHunecKofi
    60JIH MJ1 H 6o / ie3 HH.

    l"l03 MTMBHafl KOrHMLIHfl. KoTAa Bbi BCnOMMHaeTe 3T0T o 6 pa 3, BO HTO 6bl Bbi
    xoieriM BepxiTb 0 ce 6 e ?

    lilKajia VoC. KorAa Bbi BcnoMHHaeTe 06 3ToPi xapTMHe M cnoBax [ no 3 MTHB -


    Haa KOTHMAHB ] , Hacxo/ibxo OHH xaxxyTCB BaM BepHbiMM no uixa /ie OT eAM-
    HMLibi AO ceMM , rAe eAHHMLia 03 HanaeT coBepiiieHHyio noxb , a ceMb — HM -
    CTyio npaBAy ?
    DiaBa 6 XpOHnnecKHe 6OJIH H 6ojie3HH 265

    SMOUMM. Korfla Bbi BcnoMMHaeie 06 c /iOBax [ Hera -


    STOW KapTUHe v\ STMX
    TMBHafl KOrHML Mfl], K 3 KV\ e 3 M 0 UHM Bbl CeMHaC MCnbITbIBaeTe ?
    ^
    UlKa/ia SUDS, no wKa /ie OT Hyrm AO ASCHTH , rAe Hy/ib — oTcyrcTBMe crpec -
    ca min HeiiTpajibHoe OTHOLueHne , a 10 — MaKCHMa/ibHbm crpecc, KOTopbm
    Bbi Moxeie ce 6 e npeACTaBmb, HacKO/ibKO Bac cemac OecnoKow BTOT MH -

    AMAeHT?
    Te/io. B KaxoM Mecre Bbi ceMMac nyBCTByeie 6 ecnoKOMCTBo?

    .
    npiiMenaHMe KaK ro/ibKO u,enb 6yp,ej onpefle/ ieHa, saeepniHre araribi p,e-
    ceHCM6MJiM 3au,m, mcTannnpm v\ CKaHupoBamw rena fl / in Bcex npouj bix
    ^
    penefi , HacTonmefi u,eniA v\ niodbix rpurrepoB. 3aKOhMMTe LnaSnoHOM 6yay -
    mero noBenenm, UHTerpupyiomm Hoey/o no3^WBHy\o KorHv\ i\vi\o, cnpaB -
    snuoiuyiocH c 6ojibK) v\nv\ 6one3 Hbio.

    3TAn £ ECEHCHBHJM 3AUHH riPH


    XPOHHHECKOH BOJIH H EOJIE3HH
    nocjie Toro , KaKu,e;ib 6 bijia onpeAeJieHa Ha 3Tane oijeHKH, ncnxoTepa-
    neBT Mo ceT nepeiiTH K 3Tany AeceHCH6HAH3aijHH. YMCCTHO npHMeHHTb
    ^
    TpaAHAHOHHbiii npoTOKOJi EMDR -TepanHH AO Tex nop, noKa KJineHTa He
    3axjiecTHyT HenpHHTHbie omymeHHH HJIH SMOIJHH . OAHaKO ecjiH KJIHCHT
    HE MO ceT TepneTb
    ^ 6oAe3HeHHbie omymeHHH , TepaneBTHnecKHH aKijeHT
    6 pa6oTaTb B npeAejiax OKHa Tep-
    AejiaeTcn Ha TOM , HTO BI noMonb KJineHTy
    nHMOCTH. KaK o6cy>KAajiocb B npeAMAymux iviaBax, STOTO MOACHO Aocranb
    C nOMOmbK) HHCXOAHIAHX MeTOAOB AHCTaHIJHpOBaHHA , KOTHHTHBHblX ne-
    ( ) HijHpoBaHHbix npoTOKOJiOB , KOTopbie noMoraioT
    penjieTeHHH H MOAH|
    KJineHTy nepeKJHonaTbCH MeACAy AHCTpeccoM H pecypcoM. B CAeAyiomeM
    BMemaTejibCTBe , “ IlepeKjiiOHeHHe MejKAy AHCTpeccoM H no3HTHBHbiMH
    HJIH HeHTpajibHbiMH omymeHHAMH ” , ncHXOTepaneBT npeAJiaraeT KJineH -
    Ty nepeKJnonaTbcn MeACAy omymeHHHMH AHCTpecca H noAOACHTeAbHbiMH
    , KAHCHT MOACCT OT -
    HJIH HeHTpajibHbiMH omyiiJieHHHMH B Te
    ^e. HanpHMep
    BAenb BHHMaHHe OT OmymeHHH TOAOBHOH 6OAH, COCpeAOTOHHB BHHMaHHe
    Ha OmymeHHH TenAa B rpyAH , omymeHHH CHABI B Horax HAH HeHTpaAb-
    HblX OmymeHHHX Ha KOHHHKe HOCa HAH KOHHHKaX naAbAeB pyK HAH HOr.
    3TOT noAXOA MOAceT noMonb yMeHbniHTb CKAOHHOCTB K rnnepKOHijeHTpa -
    UHH Ha 6oAeBbix omymeHHnx. IIepcoHaAH3HpyHTe STO BMemaTeAbCTBO
    266 HacTb 2 JSP IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    B cooTBeTCTBHH c noTpeSHOCTHMH Barnero KJineHTa, o6paman oco6oe


    BHHMaHHe Ha ypoBeHb aKTHBaijHH B opraHH3Me no OTHOineHHK) K OKHy TO -
    jiepaHTHocTH. KaK H npn Bcex BMeinaTejibCTBax , HanpaBjieHHbix Ha yjiyn-
    meHHe TejiecHOH 0C03HaHH0CTH , noompniiTe KJiHeHTa Hcnojib30BaTb onn-
    caTejibHbie cjiOBa , HTo6bi roBopHTb o HenpHHTHbix coMaTHnecKHx omyme-
    HHHX . 3TO BMemaTejibCTBO COCTOHT H3 Tpex STanoB.

    .
    BMeuiamejibcmeo 41 llepeKAioHeHMe Mexfly AncipeccoM
    M n 03 MTMBHblMH MXIM HeMTpaAbHbIMM OW,ymeHMAMM

    LUar 1. OmymeHne AMCTpecca


    3 Buxy, HTO omymeHMB , KOTopbie Bbi McnbiTbiBaeie , oneHb TArocmbi

    AAA Bac. ft xoTe /i 6 bi npeflnoxMTb HecxoAbKo COBBTOB , KOTopbie noMoryT


    BaM HyBCTBOBaTb Ce 6 fl B 6 e 30 naCH 0 CTM M HyBCTB 0 B 3Tb CBA 3 b CO CBOMM Te -
    AOM, noKa Mbi pa 6 oiaeM Hafl 3TMM MaTepna /ioM .
    riepeHecme BHMMaHMe Ha Ty nacTb TeAa , rAe Bbi nyBCTByeie 6 o/ib.
    rionpo 6yfiTe onMcaTb CBOH oiAymeHMA . EcTb AM y HMX tJjopMa, pBeT, TeM -
    nepaiypa MAM Texcrypa ? HacKO/ibKO OHM CMAbHbi ? Tenepb nonpo 6yMTe
    Bbl 6 paTb K /llOHeBOB CAOBO MAM( > pa 3 y, COOTBeTCTByiOLAyK) 3 T 0 My MyBCTBy.
    f
    HanpMMep , Bbi Moxeie Bbi 6 paTb c /ioBa rnxecTb , noKa / ibiBaHne , 6ecnoKofi -
    CTBO , HanpmeHue MAM Hepao3 HOCTb . 06 paTMTe BHMMaHMe , HTO npoMexo -

    AMT, KorAa A roBopio [ KAtoneBoe CAOBO]. Pe30 HMpyeT AM 3TO C BaiiiMMM


    4> M3 MHeCKMMM OLAyLAeHMAMM ?
    LUar 2. noAoxmeAbHoe MAM HeftTpa /ibHoe omymemie
    Tenepb A xony, HTo 6 bi Bbi npocxaHMpoBaAM cBoe TeAo M nocMOTpeAM,
    CMOXeTe AM Bbi Ha MTU MeCTO, KOTOpOe KaxeTCfl BaM nOAOXMTeAbHbIM
    MAM HeMTpaAbHbiM. He ToponMTecb , mo 6 bi 3 aMeTMTb KanecTBa STOTO HO -
    BOTO oiAymeHMA . Edb AM y HMX cJjopMa , ABeT, TeMnepaiypa MAM TeKCTy -
    pa? HacKOAbKO OHO CMAbHoe ? Tenepb nonpo 6 yMTe Bbi 6 paTb KAioneBoe
    CAOBO MAM 4) pa 3y, cooTBeTCTByioiAyio 3T0 My nyBCTBy. HanpMMep, Bbi MO -
    xeie Bbi 6 paTb CAOBa Tftxecrb , noKanbiBaHMe , 6 ecnoKoticTBO , Hanpnxehme
    MAM HepB 03 H 0 CTb . 06 paTMTe BHMMaHMe , HTO npOMCXOAMT, KOTAa A TOBOpiO
    [ KAIOHeBOe CAOBO ]. Pe 30 HMpyeT AM 3TO C BaLLIMMM (j) M 3 MHeCKMMM OLAyiAe -
    HMAMM ?
    DiaBa 6
    ^ XpoHnnecKHe 6
    OJIH H 6ojie3HH 267

    .
    flpuMe^aHHe Bbi nonHame xoporxMe cepMM npopepypu BLS/ DAS or rpex
    po narM pa3 no 8- 15 cexynp , noKa xnMem CMOxer ncnbiTbiBarb HOJIOXM -
    re/ ibHbie omyipeHua. Ecnn KJiueHT naaMHaer neperpyxarbca MJIM 4yecrey-
    er flnccopnapnK), ocraHoame npopeaypy BLS / DAS. Mexpy cepnam no -
    npocnre Kimema cpenarb rny6oxMM Bpox M ydeflMTecb, mo xnMeHTBce etpe
    ncnbiTbiBaer HTO -TO nojioxmenbHoe MUM HempanbHoe 4yecTBO. Knixemy,
    KOTopbin He Moxer ncnbnarb nonoxMTenbHoe oipyipeHMe, MoxeT norpe6o -
    Barbca rpeHupoBKa, mo5 bt npocxaHMpoBarb reno M namM o6nacTM , KOTO -
    pbie aBnamca HempanbHbim. HanpnMep, npepnoxure xmemy oipyrmb
    XOHHMX Hoca, a TaKxe XOHHMXM nanbpeB pyx MJIM Hor. He nepexopme K many
    3, nepeKJHOHeHMO, eciiM xjiMem He Moxer McnbiTbrnarb no/ ioxMTe/ ibHoe
    MJIM HeUrpa / ibHoe oipyipenne npM BbinojiHeHMM npopepypbi BLS/ DAS .

    War 3. nepeicnioHeHMe
    Tenepb Mbi6yfleM nepeicmoHaTbCfl Mexfly [ K/iio 4 eBoe C/IOBO fl/m nono -
    XMTe/ibHbix omymeHMM ] M [ icnfOHeBoe CJIOBO A H HenpMHTHbix OLAyme -
    ^
    HMM ], HaMHeM c [ KxiicmeBoe C/IOBO A -na noxioxMTe/ibHoro omymeHMfl],
    rionpo 6yMTe npMC/iyiuaTbCfl K CBOMM oiAymeHMeM.
    npmeaaHne. /\o6aBbre xoporxMe cepMM npopepypbi BLS/ DAS.

    Tenepb a xony, mo 6 bi Bbi CHOBa cocpeAOTOMM /iMCb Ha [ HenpMHTHOM omy-


    meHHM ], Mcno /ib3 yHTe CTon - cMnnaxi, xax mnbKO nonyBCTByeie, HTO STO
    CXIUNIKOM Bac yTOMnaeT .
    .
    ripHMenaHHe He BbinojiHanre npopepypy BLS / DAS, ecjiM xjiMeHTMcnbiTbi -
    BaeTflHcrpecc . Kax ronbxo xjiMeHTbiyxa3 biBam, HTO m nyxno ocraHOBMTb -
    ca, nycTb OHM BepnyT CBoe co3 HaHne x nonoxmenbHOMy HIM HefirpajibHO -
    My oipymeHMKx BnmaTenbHO OTcnexmame CBoero ximema Ha nannane
    npxi 3 HaxoB rnnepB036yxfleHMH , raxMx xax nanrna MJIM nopaBJieHHocTb ,
    a raxxe npM 3 HaxoB rMnoB036yxfleHHbix flMccopMarMBHbix COCTOHHMM , ra -
    XMX xax COHJIMBOCTb MJIM 3 dTyMdHeHH 0 CTb. B HeXOTOpbIX CMTyaijMaX B3M
    Moxer noHaflo6 mbca o6pawTbca x xjwemaM , ecjiM Bbi ayBCTByere , mo
    OHM Haxoparca 3 a npepenam ponycrMMoro pMana30 Ha M He Mcnojib3yxjT
    CTon - CMrnan .
    Tenepb BepHMTe CBoe co 3 H3 HMe K [ K/iioMeBoe C/IOBO A -na no/ioxMTe/ibHoro
    omyLueHMs ] .
    268 HacTb 2 IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    .
    flpuMevaHHe Bbino/ iHure Koporme cepm BLS / DAS or rpex AO nnm pa3
    no 8- 15 ceKyHfl , KaK TOJIBKO KJineHT HOAKSMOHIATCB K no/ ioxurejibHOMy pe-
    cypcy. flpoAO / ixanre nepexoflHTb or nonoxnrenbHoro OLAyiMeHna K omy -
    menm Ancrpecca v\ o6paTHOf BbinojiHnn KopoTKue cepm npouieAypbi BLS/
    DAS ro/ibKO npv\ nojioxHTe/ibHOM cocromm. Kax To/ ibxo KJineHT CMOxer
    coxpaHBTb KOHTpo/ib H opueHTMpoBdTbCH B TpaBMnpyx)meM Marepnane,
    BepHurecb K nepepa6oTKe c Hcnofib30 BaHneM cTaHAapworo nporoKona.
    3 aMenaK), mo Tenepb Bbi Moxeie cnpaB /imbCfl
    c omymeHMeM Ancrpecca
    HeMHoro AO/ibLue. flaBaMTe nocMOTpMM , KaK Bbi nepepa 6 aibiBaeie AHC -
    Tpecc, noMhm o TOM, MTO Bbi Moxeie Mcno/ib30BaTb CBOM cTon - curHa /i,
    ecm nyBCTByeie ce 6 fl Hexopoiuo.

    ripuMenaHMe. ripoAO / ixanre o6pa6oTxy TpaBMarmecxon i\env\ c noMombio


    cepm.
    craHAapTHoro nporoKO/ ia v\ 30-45- cexyHAHbix

    0 C03HAHH 0 E BPDKEHHE
    IlepeKJiioHeHHe o6biHHO 3aMe,zui5ieT
    ^
    nepepa6oTKy H CHH>KaeT BepoHT-
    HOCTb nepenojiHeHHH 3MOHHHMH. HanporaB, TejiecHo-opHeHrapoBaHHbie
    BMemaTejibCTBa , KOTopbie noAnepKHBaiOT ABH ceHHe , nocjieAOBaTejibHOCTb
    ^
    H coMaTHnecKyio penaTTepHH3auHio, MoryT yrjiy6 jiHTb HJIH ycnjiHBaTb ne -
    pepa6oTKy. K/meHTbi c TpaBMofl B aHaMHe3e MoryT 6biTb 6ojiee CKJIOHHBI
    K noAaBjieHHio omymeHHH H ABHraiejibHbix HMnyjibcoB, ocoSeHHO ecjra
    TpaBMaTHHeCKHe HHIJHAeHTbl 3aCTaBHJIH HX HyBCTBOBaTb ce6n 6ecnoMom -
    HbiMH HJIH 6eccHjibHbiMH [ Fogel , 2009]. KpoMe TOTO, JIIOAH C xpoHHnecKOH
    6OJIBK) name noAaBjnnoT SMoijHOHajibHoe BbipaaceHHe B KanecTBe erpaTe-
    THH H36eraHHH [ Lumley et al., 2011; van Middendorp et al., 2008]. TeM He
    MeHee , Oorejib npeAnojiaraeT, HTO CHMHTOMM 6OJIH HJIH 6ojie3HH B Tejie
    MO)KHO paCCMaTpHBaTb KaK TpeBO)KHbIH CHTHaJI , KOTOpblH M 02KCT nOMOHb
    KJIHeHTaM HHTyHTHBHO OHjyTHTb ABH ^CeHHH , 3MOIJHH , MOA^JIH AbIXaHHH
    HJIH 3ByKH , KOTopbie yCTpaHHIOT naTTepHbl XpOHHHeCKOrO HanpH KeHHH
    ^
    B Tejie. ECJIH KJineHTbi cnoco6Hbi nepeHOCHTb coMaraHecKHH Ancrpecc, HH -
    TepouenTHBHoe oco3HaHHe MoaceT HanpaBjiHTb ABH >KeHHH , ycTpaHHiomHe
    AHCKOM opT
    ^. HanpHMep , HacTpOHKa Ha paHHHe cnrHajibi MHrpeHH MoaceT
    n03BOJIHTb KJIHeHTy AblHiaTb, nOTHTHBaTbCH HJIH paCCJia6 jIHTbCH TaKHM
    o6pa30M , HTo6bI npeAOTBpaTHTb HJIH COKpaTHTb npOAOJI^CHTeJIbHOCTb ro-
    JIOBHOH 6OJIH. BajKHo OTMeTHTb, HTO oco3HaHHe BHyTpeHHHx omymeHHH
    DiaBa 6 & XpOHnnecKne 6OJIH H 6ojie3Hn 269

    Hejib35i HaB 3aTb.


    ^ BMecTo 3Toro ncHxoTepaneBTbi npocTO npejjocTaBjraiOT
    KJIHeHTaM B03M0)KH0CTb OIIjymaTb H HyBCTBOBaTb TeJIO.MHOTfla KJIHeHTbl
    npHBHOCHT B TeJIO 0C03HaHHe C HaMepeHHeM H36 aBHTbCH OT 6oJie3HeHHbIX
    CHMIITOMOB. TaKOH UORXOR , HanpaBJieHHblH Ha H36aBJieHHe OT CHMIITO-
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    ^
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    6ajibHoe
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    1
    ^
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    C HaCTHMH JIHHHOCTH , HaiHJIH nOJIb3y B nOZirOTOBKe KJIHeHTOB K HHBa3HB -
    HbiM MeAHUiHHCKHM npoaezjypaM nyTeM OIJCHKH TOTO, aKTHBH3HpyeTcn JIH

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    & Copeley, 2008; Twombly, 2000]. ECJIH 3TO Taic, OHH npezjnojiaraKJT, HTO
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    ^
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    HHCTAJIJIHUHH, HHTErPAUHH H I1EPEOUEHKA


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    Tejie H
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    ^
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    a APYRAE MorjiH nyBCTBOBaTb ce6n B counajibHOH H30JIHAHH. Bo3BpameHHe


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    HHMaTb peajibHOCTb TaKOH , KaKan 0 Ha ecTb, 6e3 HeoSxo HMOCTH conpo-
    ^
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    [ Linehan, 1993] npe
    ^
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    nojib3yn pa HKajibHoe npHHHTHe H Apyadjy c TejiOM. IIpHHHTHe BKJHona -
    ^
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    HHe BHHMaHHH H jno6Hiii,eH Ao6 poTbi Ha o6 jiacTH Tejia , r e npncyTCTByeT
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    ^
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    ^
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    Ha CBOH MbICJlH, 3 M 0 AMM M OLAyLAeHMfl B TeBe.

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    a Ha BbiAOxe o 6 paime BHHMaHHe Ha CBOH OLAymeHHB. [IpocTO Ha 6BtoAaM -
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    "
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    .
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    Te/ ibCTBy 3 "KoHTeMHMpoBaHue coManwecKoronucTpecca ” .

    PE3IOME
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    AHIUiHH nOAXOAbl AJ1H. yCTpaHCHHH KOMnOHeHTOB XpOHHHeCKOH 6OJIH H 6O-
    jie3HH , KOTopbie KopeHHTCH B ncuxojiorHHecKOH TpaBMe. IlepeKJiiOHeHHe

    Mo ceT 3aMeAJiHTb npouiecc Ha STane AeceHCH 6HjiH3aijHH , yMeHbiiiafl Bepo-


    ^
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    6o>K£eHHe H pecTpyKTypH3auiHH coMaTHHecKoft CTpyKTypbi MoryT ycnjiHTb
    nepepa6oTKy. B aejiOM ijejib 3TOTO CHHTe3a IIOAXOAOB COCTOHT B TOM , HTO6BI
    noMOHb KJineHTy nojiyHHTb AOCTyn K HcijejiHiomeH cnjie TejiecHoro oco3Ha-
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    ^
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    &
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    ^
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    —
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    MeHa Mbi paccMaTpHBaeM TejiecHOCTb KaK opHeHTHpoBaHHoe Ha TeKymnii
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    TpaBM.
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    H nyTKO
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    pa6oTaTb c KyjibTypHbiMH (JiaKTopaMH B paMKax TepaneBTHnecKHX
    OTHomeHHH , OHH MoryT jiynme cnoco6cTBOBaTb ycneiHHbiM pe3yjibTaTaM
    jieneHHH. B STOH rjiaBe BMemaTejibCTBa, HanpaBJieHHbie Ha yjiynmeHHe Te-

    jiecHOH oco3HaHHOCTH , HanpaBJieHbi Ha noBbimeHHe KyjibTypHoii ocBe / jOM -

    JieHHOCTH H KOMneTeHTHOCTH nCHXOTepaneBTOB Ha npOTHJKeHHH BOCbMH


    STanoB EMDR -TepanHH.

    KYJIbTYPHAH KOMIlETEHTHOCTb
    B nCHXOTEPAriHH
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    (

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    onpe no - pa3HOMy. O 6y eM
    MOJKHO
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    ^
    paccMaTpHBaTb KyjibTypy B KanecTBe Ha6opa o6menpHHHTbix B o6m ecTBe ,
    ,

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    ^
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    ,zjeHTH( )
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    u;HajibHO-3KOHOMHHecKHH CTaTyc, noji, reH epHyio H eHTHHHOCTb, ceKcy -
    ^ ^
    ajibHyio opneHTaiiHio, B03pacT, HeTpyjjocnocoSHoeTb H pejinraio.
    CymecTByeT rjiydoKan noTpe6HOCTb B KyjibTypHo - nyBCTBHTejibHOH
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    ^
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    pa6aTbiBaTb TpaBMHpyiomne co6biTHH , KOTopwe KopeHHTcn B npezipac-
    cy / jicax , HCKpnMHHau;HH H yraeTeHHH [ Nickerson, 2017]. OpraHbi no aic-
    ^
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    ^
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    ^
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    ^
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    ncHxoTepaneBTOB yBaacHTejibHO H 3(])c{) eKTHBH 0 pearnpoBaTb Ha pa3JiHH -
    Hbix KjiHeHTOB [ Arredondo et al., 1996; American Psychological Association ,
    2002 ; Lee, 2008]. TOHHO Taic ace “ 3anBJieHHe accounaijHH EMDRIA o pa3-
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    MyjibTHKyjibTypHoe o6yneHHe [ EMDR International Association, n.d.].
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    ^ ^
    no 3anjHTe npaB MaprnHajiH3npoBaHHbix cjioeB HacejieHHH H coijHajibHOH
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    ^
    OrpoMHbift BKJia B pemeHHe npoSjieM pa3Hoo6pa3HH B EMDR -TepanHH
    ^
    BHec MapK HnKepcoH [ Nickerson, 2017]. B ero KHHre no£HepKHBaeTcn Baac -
    HocTb caMoco3HaHHH ncHxoTepaneBTaMH CBOHX KyjibTypHbix acneKTOB, He -
    o6xOAHMOCTb aKTHBHOrO HCnOJTb30 BaHHH pa3HOo6pa3HH KJineHTOB, a TaK -
    ace ueHHOCTb Bbipa ^KeHHH ncKpeHHero HHTepeca n BHHMaHHH K KyjibTypHon
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    rjiy6oKO yKopeHHBniHxcn HeraTHBHbix KOTHHIJHH o ce6e n CTaTb npHHHHon
    npe yde eHHH no OTHOineHmo K #pyrHM JIKWIM. PaccMOTpnM no#po6-
    ^ ^
    Hee HeKOTopbie KyjibTypHbie KOMneTeHijHH , peKOMeH yeMbie B cymecTBy-
    ^
    lomeft JiHTepaType [ American Psychological Association, 2002; Arredondo
    et al., 1996; Hansen et al., 2006; Lee, 2008].
    DiaBa 7 KyjibrypHbiH KOHTeKCT 275

    • CaMoco3HaHHe ncHxoiepaneBTa. IIcHxoTepaneBTbi pa6oTaiOT


    Ha# npH3HaHHeM CBOeft paCOBOH H STHHHeCKOH HJjeHTHHHOCTH H HaA
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    ^ (

    Apyrnx juojxeik . U,ejib pa6oTbi


    3TOH —
    noBbiCHTb ocBe/iiOMJieHHOCTb
    o TOM , KaK npe/inojioaceHHfl HJIH npe y6e^cAeHHH MoryT HeraTHBHO
    noBJiHHTb Ha jieneHne.
    ^
    • riOHHMaHHe nCHXOTepaneBTOM MHp0B033peHHH KJIHeHTa . nCHXO-
    TepaneBTbi pacninpHiOT CBoe noHHMaHHe TOTO, KaK KyjibrypHbiH 4>OH
    KJIHEHTOB BJIHHeT Ha HX UeHHOCTH H MbICJIH. U,eJIb COCTOHT B TOM ,
    HTO6BI BbmcHHTb, KaKHM o6 pa30M CTepeoTHnw , npezi; y6e czi,eHH5i , yr -
    ^
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    HHCTHTyuHOHajibHOM ypoBHe, MoryT co3zi,aBaTb 3HaHHTejibHbie npe-
    nHTCTBHH B 5KH3HH KJIHeHTOB. 0Ta HH(})OpMaiJHH BaJKHa flJIH pa3pa -
    6OTKH KyjibTypHO 3HaHHMbix KOHuenuHH jym KJiHHHHecKoro cjiynan.
    • Pa3BHTHe nCHXOTepaneBTOM KyjibTypHbix HaBbiKOB H BMeuia -
    TejibCTB . IIcHxoTepaneBTbi pa3BHBaiOT cnoco6HOCTb yMejio pernaTb
    npo6 jieMbi pa3HOo6 pa3HH Ha ceccHnx , HHHijHHpyH 6 ecejxbi , KOTopbie
    HCCJiejiyiOT pa3JiHHHH Mexc y KJIHCHTOM H CO6OH . IIcHxoTepaneBTbi
    ^
    TaK ce pa3BHBaiOT cnoco6HOCTb HCKycHO ycTpaHHTb KyjibTypHbie 6a -
    ^
    pbepbl , eCJIH OHH B03HHKai0T BO BpeMH JieHeHHH. II,eJIHMH HBJIHIOTCH
    HHTerpaijHfl KyjibTypHbix, pejmrH03Hbix HJIH yxoBHbix y6ejKjieHHH
    ^
    KJIHeHTOB B jieneHHe , yTOHHeHHe BMemaTejibCTB c yneTOM coijHajib-
    HO - nOJIHTHHeCKHX Co6bITHH , BJIHHK> mHX Ha KJIHeHTOB, H nOMOIIJb
    KJIHeHTaM B pa3pa6oTKe 3| ( )({)eKTHBHbIX peaKUHH Ha HHCTHTyiJHO-

    HajibHbie H couHajibHbie 6apbepbi .


    Boo6me roBopn , ncHXOTepaneBTbi , KOTopbie ycneniHO HHTerpnpy -
    10T MyjibTHKyjibTypHbie TOHKH 3peHHH , MoryT name ^ocTHraTb xoponinx
    pe3yjibTaTOB jieneHHH nacTbio Hccjie/ jo-
    . /IOKTOP Apnajib IIlBapu; 6 bijia
    BaTejibCKOH rpynnbi , H3ynaiomeH MyjibTHKyjibTypHbie y6e czj;eHHH H Me -
    ^
    TOAM npaKTHKyiomHx ncHxojioroB. Pe3yjibTaTbi STOTO HCCJieAOBaHHH
    noKa3ajiH , HTO, HecMOTpn Ha npH3HaHHe BajKHOCTH MyjibTHKyjibTypHOH
    KOMneTeHTHOCTH B ncHxoTepanHH , 6ojibuiHHCTBO ncHXOTepaneBTOB He
    npHMeHHiOT 3TH MeTo bi peryjmpHO [ Hansen et al., 2006 ] . KpoMe TOTO,
    ^
    3TO HCCJie /IOBaHHe nOKa3aJIO, HTO JlJm pa3BHTHH MyjIbTHKyjIbTypHOH KOM-
    neTeHTHOCTH Tpe6yeTCH onbiT, a He npocTO 3HaHHe KOACKCOB H pyKOBO n -
    HJHX npHHIIHnOB.
    ^
    276 Hacn> 2 G? llcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeniaTejibCTBa

    TEJIECHAH KYJIBTYPA
    TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHaH ncHxoTepanHH HCCJie yeT TOHKHH noAxoA
    ^
    K peineHHio KyjibTypHbix npo6 jieM npn jieneHHH ncnxojiorHHecKHx TpaBM ,
    cocpe/iiOTaHHBaHCb Ha pojiH KaK THne KyjibTypHoro o6MeHa
    TejiecHOCTH

    MejKAy ncHxoTepaneBTOM H . IpaHA [ Grand , 2015] onHCbmaeT


    KjmeHTOM

    “ COI HaJIbHO-COMaTHHeCKHH ” UOJXXOJX K nCHXOTepanHH, KOTOpblH 3aTpa-


    ^
    raBaeT coijHOKyjibTypHbie acneKTbi ncHxojiorHnecKHx KOHCJIJIHKTOB. OH
    CHHTaeT, HTO KyjibTypa BbipaacaeTcn nepe3 Tejio H HacjieAyeTcn c MOMCH -
    Ta po CAeHHH. MjiaAeHUbi 4)opMHpyiOTCH noA BJiHHHHeM CBoero COIJH -
    ^
    ajibHoro OKpyxeHHH , a HX coMaTHnecKoe caMoomymeHHe onpeAejraeTcn

    npHKOCHOBeHHHMH , 3pHTeJIbHbIM KOHTaKTOM H TOHOM TOJIOCa OneKyHOB.


    3MOIi;HOHaJIbHaH Bbipa3HTeJIbHOCTb TaK»:e 3aBHCHT OT COUiHaJIbHOH H Kyjlb-
    TypHOH cpe/ibi nejioBeKa [ Matsumoto , 2009]. “ IIpaBHjia OTo6 pajKeHH5i ” —
    3TO HenBHbie npaBHjia , ycBoeHHbie B ceMbe npoHcxoacAeHHH OTHOCHTejibHO
    AonycTHMbix THnoB 3MOU;HH H HOBCAOHHH. B pe3yjibTaTe OAHH OMOUHH ycn -
    jiHBaK>TCH , a ftpyrne HeT.
    OAHOBPCMCHHO pe6eHOK npHynaeTcn no aBjiHTb ^
    onpe ejieHHbie SMOHIHH H ABH^KCHHH. 3TO 4>opMHpyeT TOHyc ero BereTa-
    ^
    THBHOH HepBHOH CHCTeMbi [ Fogel, 2009]. B 6ojiee no3AHeM AeTCTBe yHac-
    jieAOBaHHan KyjibTypa BbipaacaeTcn nepe3 MHMHKy, no3bi , acecrbi, CTHJIH
    B3aHMO£eHCTBHH H noBeAeHHe. 3ia yHacjieAOBaHHan KyjibTypa npoAOJDKa -
    eT nojiynaTb coijHajibHyio pmcjjopMaiiHio 6 jiaroAapn BJIHHHHIO HOBMX cy6-
    KyjibTyp B niKOJie H o6mecTBe. H3BIK Tejia H 3MOijHOHajibHoe BbipajKeHHe
    MoryT 6 biTb aAanrapoBaHbi no Mepe TOTO, KaK nejiOBeK crpeMHTCH ncnbi -
    TaTb nyBCTBO npHHa JieKHOCTH. 3Ta TOTajibHocTb HayneHHOH TejiecHOCTH
    ^
    o6ecneHHBaeT ocHOBy min coiinajibHOH H KyjibTypHOH HAeHTHHHOCTH.
    TejiecHan KyjibTypa [ Bennett & Castiglioni, 2004; Kimmel , 2013] — poA-
    CTBeHHblH TepMHH , OnHCblBaiOIAHH COBOKynHOCTb KyjIbTypHO H COIIHaJIb-
    HO o6oCHOBaHHbIX COMaTHHeCKHX nepeKHBaHHH , KOTOpbie C03HaTeJIbHO
    npHo6 peTaiOTC5i H naccHBHO HacjieAyiOTCH c TeneHHeM BpeMeHH. TejiecHan
    KyjibTypa noAAepjKHBaeTcn MOACJIHMH BbipajKeHHH BMOAHH , npHBbiHHbiMH
    ABH CeHHHMH H 3HaKOMbIMH n 03aMH HJIH )KeCTaMH. TeJieCHaH KyjibTypa
    ^
    HBjineTCH OTpa ceHHeM
    ^ no3Hii;HH BJiacTH H npHBHjierHH. BocnpHHTHe CTa-
    Tyca Bbipa caeTcn B npocTpaHCTBa , no3bi H caMOBbipa ce -
    ncnojib30 BaHHH
    ^ ^
    HHH nOCpeACTBOM 5KeCTOB , cl TBKMe B TOM , KaK HaCTO HeJIOBeK TOBOpHT HJIH
    HHHiiHHpyeT pa3roBop. TaKHM o6pa30M , TejiecHan KyjibTypa HHcjjopMHpyeT
    060 Bcex Bep6ajibHbix H HeBep6ajibHbix KOMMyHHKaijHHx. Ilbep EypAbe
    DiaBa 7 KyjibTypHbiH KOHTeKCT 277

    [ Bourdieu, 2010 ], (J) paHi];y3CKHH COAHOJIOT H (JIHJIOCO ) , BBCJI aHajiorHHHoe


    noHHTHe ^
    “ KyjibTypHoro KanHTajia B TejiecHoft (])opMe ” , KOTopoe OTHOCHT-
    CH K Ha6opy noBe eHUH , no3 H acecTOB , KOTopbie npHo6 peTaiOTCH KaK pe -
    ^
    3yjibTaT npnHa£Jie)KHOCTH K coijHajibHOH rpynne [ Bourdieu, p. 83]. 3TOT
    KyjibTypHbiH KanHTaji cnoco6cTByeT omymeHHio co6cTBeHHOCTH , HAeH -
    THHHOCTH H IjeHHOCTH, KOTOpbie He 3aBHCHT OT J
    ( ) HHaHCOBOrO nOJIO)KeHHH ,
    HMymecTBa HJIH o6pa30 BaHHH. HanpHMep, TejiecHbiii KyjibTypHbiH KanH -
    MO KHO yBHAeTb B yMeHHH Bbi CHBaTb Ha yjmije, npH3HaHHH TOTO, HTO
    Taji
    ^ ^
    nejiOBeK 6eAHoe JXETCTBO, HJIH B BocnHTaHHH B ceMbe, HMeiomeft
    nepeacnji
    KyjibTypHbie TpaAHAHH , KOTopbie o6ecneHHBaioT uejieycTpeMJieHHOCTb.
    Ba^cHo OTMeTHTb, HTO TejiecHan KyjibTypa TaK ^ce BJIHHCT Ha Bocnpn -
    HTHe jno
    ^KaiomeH cpe^bi B
    ^bMH ftpyrnx jnoAeft H oKpyMOJXEJM [ Bennett &
    ijejioM
    Castiglioni, 2004 ]. CoMaTHnecKHe noBe eHHH MoryT 6 Hea-
    ^
    ZianTHBHblMH, eCJIH OHH STHOUeHTpHHHbl HJIH CeCTKO 3aMKHyTbI. TaKHe
    biTb

    ^
    naTTepHbi o6ecneHHBaiOT TejiecHyio ocHOBy CTepeoTHnoB, npeAy6eacAe -
    ( )O6HH , ceKCH3Ma H TaK / jajiee.
    HHH , BHyTpeHHero pacH3Ma , TOMO| Y KajKAoro
    nejiOBeKa ecTb HenBHbie peaKAHH , KopeHHmnecH B HX KyjibType TejiecHO -
    CTH , KOTopbie MoryT npHBecTH K npeAy 6e^cAeHHHM, ecjiH HX He ocTaHOBHTb.
    HnKepcoH [ Nikerson , 2017] paccMaTpHBaeT Heiipoc|DH3HOJiorHK) npeApac-
    cyAKOB, noAAep^KHBaeMyio jiHM6HnecKOH CHCTeMOH. OH OTMenaeT, HTO
    MHHAajieBHAHoe Tejio aKTHBHpyeTcn npn BO3AOHCTBHH H3o6 pa ceHHH JIHA
    ^
    jiiOAen , pacoBO HJIH STHHnecKH OTJIHHHBIX OT Ha6 jnoAaTejin. OAHaKO 3Ta pe -
    aKTHBHOCTb MoaceT 6 biTb onocpeAOBaHa H yMeHbineHa 3a cneT BKjnoneHHH
    npe(}) poHTajibHOH Kopbi, HTO no3BOjmeT npoTHBOAencTBOBaTb npeAB3HTbiM
    HyBCTBaM HJIH y6e)KAeHHHM c noMombio nojiyHeHHOH SKCHJIHAHTHOH HH-
    (JjOpMaAHH. Ynpa KHeHHH JXJm KOHAeHTpaAHH BHHMaHHH H nOBbimeHHH Te -
    ^
    jiecHoii oco3HaHHOCTH ycHjiHBaioT pa6oTy npec]) poHTajibHOH Kopm , no3BO-
    JIHH B3HTb Ha ce6n OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a npeAB3HTbie nyBCTBa. 3TOT npouecc
    noMoraeT nejiOBeKy CAejiaTb co3HaTejibHbiH , ocMbicjieHHbiH Bbi6op TOTO,
    KaK B3aHMOAeilCTBOBaTb C ApyrHMH JIIOAbMH.
    TejiecHOCTb TaK ce HBJineTCH OTpa ceHHeM TeKymeft cpeAbi H , cjieAOBa-
    ^ ^
    TejibHO, AaeT o6 paTHyio CBH3b O6 o6cTOHTejibCTBax HacTonmero MOMeHTa

    [ Csordas, 1994; Kimmel, 2013]. HanpHMep, KOTAa JIIOAH nyBCTByiOT ce6n


    B 6e3onacHOCTH H KOMC]) OPTHO, Tejio paccjia6 jineTcn. C Apyrofi CTopo-
    Hbi , ecjiH OHH nonyBCTByiOT yrpo3y, opraHH3M TOTOBHTCH K caM03aiAHTe
    C nOMOHIiblO 3aiAHTHbIX peaKAHH H aKTHBaAHH CHMnaTHHeCKOH HepBHOH
    CHCTeMbi .B paMKax TepaneBTHHecKoro o6MeHa TejiecHOCTb BbipaacaeTcn
    278 HacTb 2 & ncHxoTepaneBTHHecKne BMemaTejibCTBa

    e ( ) opMHpoBaHH5i OTHOixieHHH, opueHTHpoBaHHbix Ha HacTOAmee


    B BH
    ^ J
    BpeMH H ocHOBaHHoe Ha KyjibTypHbix HCTOPHAX ncHxoTepaneBTa H KAH -
    eHTa. HHTepTejiecHOCTb, TepMHH , KOTopbifl 6HJI BBe eH (J) paHuy3CKHM
    ^
    4) HJioco4>OM-(J)eHOMeHOJioroM Mepjio- IloHTH [ Merleau - Ponty, 1962 ], AB-
    AACTCA pejieBaHTHbiM AAA AHaAHnecKOH CHCTeMbi ncHxoTepaneBTa H KAH -
    eHTa, nocKOJibKy OH npoTHBopenuT HAee OTAeAbHoro BHyTpeHHero A .
    TejiecHoe A jiynme HHTepnpeTHpoBaTb KaK nocTOAHHO MeHAiomeecA ,
    AHHaMHHHoe nepenjieTeHHe MeACAy CO6OH , ApyrHMH AIOABMH H oKpyAcaio-
    meft cpeAOH.TeAecHbie nepeACHBaHHA ncHxoTepaneBTOB HanpAMyio CBA -
    3aHbI C e^CeMHHyTHblM o6MeHOM HH( j)OpMai];HeH C KAHeHTaMH H Hao6opOT.
    IIpHMeHHTejibHO K ncHxoTepanHH CAHTaeTCA , HTO ncHXOTepaneBT H KAHCHT
    B3anMH0 BJIHHIOT Apyr Ha Apyra. CaM0C03HaHHe ncHxoTepaneBTOM AHA -
    HOH KyjibTypHoft HCTOpHH KaK TejiecHoro HacjieAHH no3BOJineT eMy 6paTb
    Ha ce6n oTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a CBOIO nacTb SToro o6MeHa H oco3HaBaTb HeBep-
    6ajibHoe BjiHHHHe, KOTopoe OH npHBHOCHT B TepaneBTHnecKHe OTHomeHHA .

    HEBEPBAJIbHblE KOMMYHHKAUHH
    B KYJIbTYPHOM KOHTEKCTE
    TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHbiH noAxoA K EMDR -TepanHH Tpe6yeT opn -
    eHTaHHH
    a
    3Aecb H cenHac” , npn KOTopoft pa6oTaiOT B OM -
    ncHxoTepaneBTbi
    nHpHHecKOH MaHepe c HeBep6 ajibHoft KOMMyHHKaijHeH. CHOCO6HOCTB
    CHHTbiBaTb HeBep6ajibHbie cnmajibi HHorAa MOAceT o6ecneAHTb jiynuiee
    noHHMaHHe OTHomeHHH H SMOIJHH KJiHeHTOB, neM Bep6ajibHoe o6meHHe
    [Goleman, 1995]. XOTA 3HaHHe HeBep6 ajibHbix CHTHAAOB MOAceT yAynniHTb
    Hame noHHMaHHe OTHomeHHH H OMOIJHH KAHCHTOB, BaACHO noHHMaTb STO
    noBeAeHHe B KyjibTypHOM, couiHajibHOM H KJiHeHTOopneHTHpoBaHHOM KOH -
    TeKCTe. HHTepnpeTaAHH HeBep6ajibHOH KOMMyHHKaijHH KjineHTa AOAACHa
    BKjnonaTb oTKpbiTbifl AHaAor c KJiHeHTOM . TaKOH Anajior BKAionaeT B ce6n

    BHHMaHHe K H3biKy , Bonpocbi o cyG'beKTHBHOM onbue KJineHTa H yneT


    Tejia

    KOHTeKCTyajibHbix (J) aKTopoB, TaKHx KaK KyjibTypa , 3THHAecKaA npHHaA-


    ACACHOCTB H paca. HanpHMep, ncHXOTepaneBT MOAceT HenpaBHAbHO noHATb
    OTCyTCTBHe y KAHeHTa 3pHTeAbHOTO KOHTaKTa, eCJIH He yHHTbIBaTb KyAb-
    TypHblH KOHTeKCT. B03M0ACH0, OTCyTCTBHe 3pHTeAbHOTO KOHTaKTa ABAAeT -
    CA KyAbTypHbIM npH3HaKOM yBaACeHHA , HO TaKOe noBeAeHHe MOACeT 6 bITb
    HeBepHO HCTOAKOBaHO KaK HeyBaACHTeAbHoe HAH OIHH6OHHO AHarHOcrapo-
    BaHO KaK HeaAeKBaTHoe. KaK ncHxoTepaneBTbi , MBI XOTHM TOAHO noHHMaTb
    DiaBa 7 KyjibrypHbiH KOHTeKCT 279

    HeBep6ajibHoe noBeAeHHe HauiHx KjmeHTOB, nocKOJibKy JXJIR HHX OHO HBJIH -


    eTCH ecTecTBeHHbiM .
    He MeHee BB KHO JXJIK ncHxoTepaneBTOB noBbiniaTb ocBe
    ^ OMjieHHocTb

    o CBOHX co6cTBeHHbix HeBep6ajibHbix


    ^
    KOMMyHHKauHHx. TaKoe caMoco3Ha -
    HHe oSjiernaeT cooTBeTCTBHe Meacay Bep 6ajibHbiMH BbipaaceHHHMH H He -
    Bep6 noBe/ieHHeM , noBbiman AOBepne K ncHxoTepaneBTy. KjiHeHTbi
    ajibHbiM

    CKJIOHHBI ziOBepHTb HeBep6ajibHOMy noBe eHHio 6o;ibme, neM Bep6ajibHO -


    ^
    My oSmeHHio, a H3biK Tejia name Bcero HHTepnpeTHpyeTCH KaK npoHBJieHne
    HCTHHHbix nyBCTB ncHXOTepaneBTa. HanpHMep, ncHxoiepaneBT MoaceT CH -
    jieTb ajieKO OT KJiHeHTa , KOTopbift OTjiHHaeTcn OT Hero, HJIH Bbipa KaTb H3bi -
    ^ ^
    KOM Tejia HanpH ceHHOCTb, ocHOBbiBancb Ha HMnjmijHTHbix HJIH 6ecco3Ha -
    ^
    e^KfteHHbix peaKijHnx. 3TH coMaTHnecKHe cnniajibi MoryT
    TejibHbix npe/

    yKa 3 bIBaTb Ha Heo ^


    6xOflHMOCTb JIHHHOrO HaSjIIOfteHHH, KOHCyJIbTaiJHH HJIH
    .
    ncHXOTepanHH zyin ycTpaHeHHH JIHHHWX 6apbepoB Ha nyTH K KyjibTypHOH
    KOMneieHTHOCTH . B npoTHBHOM cjiynae KJIHCHT, nonyBCTBOBaBmHH STOT
    /i, HCKOM( )opT, MoaceT noTepnTb jxoBepne K ncHxoTepaneBTy HJIH nonyBCTBO-
    J
    BaTb ce6H onacHOCTb H OTKa3aTbcn npoAOJiacHTb nepepa6oTKy TpaBMaTHne -
    CKoro MaTepnajia .
    K HeBep6 KOMMyHHKBIJHHM OTHOCHTCH Bbipa}KeHHH JIHUa, HC-
    ajIbHbIM

    nojib30BaHne npocTpaHCTBa , JXBHACEHHH Tejia , no3bi , TOH HJIH HHTeHCHB -

    HOCTb TOJIOCa. 3TH o6 jiaCTH HaXOHTCH HOJX CHJIbHbIM BJIHHHHeM KyjIbTyp-


    HblX ()
    ^
    } aKTOpOB, TBKHX KaK yCBOeHHbie HOpMbI , H COIJHaJIbHblX } aKTOpOB, ()

    TBKHX KaK BjiacTb H npHBHJierHH. IIpHBHjierHpoBaHHbie JHOAH , KaK npa-


    BHJIO, 6
    3aHHMaioT npHHHMaioT 6
    ojibHie MecTa, pacKOBaHHbieojiee no3bi
    H 6ojiee nmpoKHe acecTbi H, KaK npaBHjio , name HHHijHHpyioT Bep-
    ^ ejiaioT

    6ajibHoe o6meHHe [ Matsumoto , 2009; Matsumoto, Frank & Hwang, 2013].


    HHaMHKa npHBHJierHH H BJIBCTH npoHBjineTCH Ha Bcex ypoBHnx o6mecTBa
    ^
    H MoaceT npoHBJiHTbCH B ncHxoTepaneBTHnecKOM Ka6 nHeTe. CymecTByeT
    HeoT beMJieMan no3HijHfl CHJIBI , KOTopan npncyma POJIH ncHXOTepaneBTa.
    '

    ncHxoTepaneBTbi nojiynaiOT MHorojieTHee o6pa30 BaHHe H MoryT Bocnpn -


    HHMarbcn KaK 3KcnepTbi. IlocTaHOBKa KJiHeHTy narH03a MO ceT HMCTB
    ^ ^
    /najieKo Hflymne nocjieACTBHH AJIH >KH3HH KjmeHTa. HeKOTopbie KjiHeHTbi
    MoryT npHHTH Ha ncHXOTepanHio c HCTopneH He )KejiaTejibHOH HJIH ( ) op- J
    MaJIbHOH nCHXOJIOrHHeCKOH HJIH MeAHUHHCKOH nOMOIIJH. Ba >KHO, HTo6 bI
    ncHxoTepaneBTbi oco3HaBajiH CBoe OTHomeHHe K BJIBCTH H AHHaMHKe npH-
    BHJierHH B TepaneBTHnecKHx OTHomeHHnx. TejiecHO-opHeHrapoBaHHbiH
    nojxxojx K 3TOMy npoijeccy no3BOJineT ncHxoTepaneBTaM oco3HaBaTb, KaK
    280 HacTb 2 IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    6JIH30CTB, no3a H pacnojioaceHHe CHAHHHX MecT MoryT OTpa caTb


    ^ pacnpe-
    tfejieHne CHJI B KOMHaTe. HanpHMep, MHorne ncHxoTepaneBTbi npHBbiKJiH
    CH eTb B KpeCJie , pacnOJIO CeHHOM Ha
    ^ ^ J
    ( ) HKCHpOBaHHOM paCCTOHHHH OT Ky -
    meTKH , HTO He no3BOJifleT TH6KO 6
    Bbi HpaTb MecTa B ncHxoTepaneBTHHecKOM
    Ka6HHeTe. B TBROM cjiynae ncHxoTepaneBT MoaceT nccjiejiiOBaTb BMecTe
    C KJIHeHTOM , HaCKOJIbKO 6 jIH3KO HJIH AZJieKO OHH flOJBKHbl CH
    OT flpyra, Hcnojib3 yn 2 “ Oco3HaHHe 6JIH30CTH B OTHorne-
    BMemaTejibCTBO
    ^eTb jjpyr
    HHH H npHBHJierHH ncHxoTepaneBT OJDKCH npezyiojKHTb KjraeHTy
    .
    BjiacTH
    ^
    Bbi6 paTb jno6oe MecTO B KOMHaTe, He yKa3biBan KJineHTy, r e eMy cjie yeT
    CH eTb. MOJKHO jxayKe CKa3aTb, HTO OH Mo ceT cecTb B Kpecjio ncHxoTepaneB
    ^ -
    ^
    ^
    Ta. Uejlb COCTOHT B TOM , HTo6
    ^
    bI nOMOHb KJIHeHTy pa3BHTb HyBCTBO paCIUH -
    peHHH B03M05KH0CTeH o6meHHH C nCHXOTepaneBTOM B HaCTOflmHH MOMeHT.
    ncHxoTepaneBTbi Tax ce MoryT a anrapoBaTb HeBep6 noBe eHHe,
    TaKoe KaK TOH rojioca ,
    ^
    TeMn
    ^
    penn H Hcnojib30 BaHHe
    ajibHoe
    ^
    3pHTejibHoro KOHTaKTa ,
    HTO6BI yzjoBjieTBOpHTb noTpe6HOCTH BonjiomeHHoft KyjibTypbi KJiHeHTa.
    BbmaioT cjiynan , Kor a KyjibTypHbiH pa3pbiB Mewijxy nCHXOTepaneBTOM
    ^
    H KJIHeHTOM BejiHK . ECJIH HanpaBjieHHe K 6ojiee no xo mijeMy ncnxoTepa -
    ^ ^
    neBTy HeB03M0 CH0, MoaceT 6 biTb nojie3HbiM, HTO6M KyjibTypHbiM MOCTOM
    ^
    B ceccHH ncHxoTepanHH CTaji JXPYR KjmeHTa. KyjibTypHbiH MOCT STO KTO -
    TO, HanpHMep , Ha ejKHbiH JX pyr, KOTopbiH HMeeT OTHomeHHe H K KyjibType
    ^
    KJineHTa, H K KyjibType ncHxoTepaneBTa. KpoMe TOTO , ecjiH KJIHCHT njioxo
    roBopHT no-aHrjiHHCKH, BbiroOTO pa6oTaTb c nepeBOj HHKOM. Y6ejiHTecb,
    ^
    HTO nepeBOjjHHK noHHMaeT, o neM BBI npocHTe , OSBHCHHH nponejiypbi
    EMDR-TepanHH. KpoMe TOTO, B HeKOTopbix cjiynanx, zja^Ece ecjiH KJIHCHT
    roBopHT Ha HecKOjibKHx H3biKax, MO KeT 6biTb Ba>KHbiM o6cy aTb H yCTa-
    ^
    HaBjiHBaTb i ejiH Ha ero po HOM H3biKe, HTO6M nojiynHTb / jocTyn K Heft -
    ^
    ^ ^
    POHHOH ceTH ero naMHTH. YCHJIHH, Heo6xo,zi,HMbie £JIH nepeBO^a Ha BTopoft
    H3bIK , MOryT OTCOe /HHHHTb KJIHeHTOB OT HX KyjibTypbi TejieCHOCTH H 3aTOp-
    M03HTB nepepaSoTKy. B cjiejiyiomeM cnncKe npezjCTaBJieHO KpaTKoe H3Jio-
    jKeHHe KyjibTypHbix coo6 paaceHHH no noBo y HeBep6ajibHOH KOMMyHHKa-

    IJHH B ncHxoTepanHH.
    ^
    KyjibTypHbie acneKTbi HeBep6ajibHoft KOMMyHHKau,HH
    B ncHxoTepanHH

    • ncHxoTepaneBTbi He zjojDKHbi npejinojiaraTb, HTO, nocKOJibKy OHH HC-


    6
    nOJIb3yiOT OflHH H TOT )Ke Bep aJIbHbIH H3bIK C KJIHeHTOM , OHH TaK Ce
    ^
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    ^
    DiaBa 7 KyjibTypHbiH KomeKCT 281

    • IlcHxoTepaneBTbi AOJDKHM npH3HaTb, HTO KyjibTypa BJIHHCT Ha HC -


    nojib30 BaHHe 3pHTe;ibHoro KOHTaKTa H npocTpaHCTBa , BbipaaceHHe
    SMOIJHH , u,ejib acecTOB , 3HaneHHe yjibi6iai H caMOBbipaaceHHe c noMo -
    mbio rojioca.
    • IlcHxoTepaneBTbi pncKyiOT HeBepHO HCTOJiKOBaTb H3biK Tejia KJIHCH-
    TOB, ecjiH He 3HaiOT o KyjibTypHbix pa3JiHHHHx B HeBep6 ajibHOM noBe-
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    • IlcHxoTepaneBTbi AOJDKHBI CTpeMHTbcn noHHMaTb KjmeHTOB H B Kyjib -
    TypHOM , H B KJIHeHTO-OpHeHTHpOBaHHOM KOHTeKCTe.

    • IlcHxoTepaneBTbi AOJDKHM BHHMaTejibHO npHCJiyuiMBaTbcn K penjm -


    KaM KJiHeHTa o TeMne Bep6ajibHoro o6meHHH H -
    Hcnojib30 BaTb 3Ty HH
    4>opMau HK), HTO6BI onpeAejiHTb, KaK nay3bi B penn , nepHOAbi MOJina-
    1

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    • IIcHxoTepaneBTaM Heo6xoAHMO noBbicHTb caMoco3HaHHe TOTO, KaK


    KyjibTypa BjmneT Ha HX co6cTBeHHbie HeBep6ajibHbie KOMMyHHKaijHH ,
    HTO6H BbiHBHTb noTeHHiHajibHbie CTepeoTHnbi noBe eHHH , npe y-
    ^ ^
    6e>KAeHHH HJIH npeApaccyAKH , KOTopbie MoryT noMemaTb ycneniHO-
    My jieneHHio .

    TEJIECHAH KYJIbTYPA B EHCTBHH


    ^
    Ilpouecc HHTerpau,HH KyjibTypHOH ocBeAOMJieHHOCTH STO He npocTO —
    Ha6op HaBbiKOB , KOTopbie MO CHO BKjnoHHTb B npoTOKOJi EMDR-TepanHH.
    ^
    CKopee, KyjibTypHan KOMneTeHTHOCTb —
    STO O6IAHH noAXOA , KOTopbift
    3aji,aeT TOH ncHxoTepanHH c caMoro nepBoro KOHTaKTa ncHxoTepaneBTa
    c KJineHTOM. IlcHxoTepaneBTbi, KOTopbie yHHTbreaiOT KyjibTypHyio AHHaMH-
    Ky Ha paHHHx STanax jieneHHH , CHH caiOT BeponTHOCTb TOTO, HTO 3Ta TeMa
    ^
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    ^
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    ^
    KH , OHH AOJDKHM npH3HaTb, HTO Aaace caMbie KyjibTypHO ocBeAOMjieHHbie
    ncHxoTepaneBTbi cnoco6Hbi Ha MHKpoarpeccHio HJIH HenpeAHaMepeHHbie
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    AOMjieHHOCTb ncHxoTepaneBTa o HeBep6ajibHbix KOMMyHHKaiiHHx B ce6e
    282 HacTb 2
    ^ ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeniaTejibCTBa

    H B OTHOineHHHx c KJiHeHTOM . IlcHxoTepaneBT, HenpaBiuibHO HacTpoeH -


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    ^ J
    . 3aTeM BancHO npoHBHTb jno6onbiTCTBO H ncnpaBHTb 3TH HeBepHbie
    cacajicn

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    ^
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    6
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    | J
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    ^
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    Diana 7 KyjihTypubiH KOHTeKCT 283

    OTHOIIieHHH. Koraa Bbl 03HaK0MHTeCb C 3THM npOUeCCOM, Bbl MOJKeTe HC-


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    y ncHXOTepaneBTOB: TejiecHaa KyjibTypa B eftcTBHH


    ^
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    LUar 3. HHCTaBBauMB pecypca


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    284 HacTb 2
    ^ IIcHxoTepaneBTHMecKHe BMemaTe bCTBa
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    .
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    LUar 4. HHTerpaunn
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    npHMenaHHe. ECJIM STOT npopecc xa /Keren BaM no3 i/iri/iBHbiM , BbinonHure


    xoporxMe cepMM npopepypbi BLS / DAS or rpex po nnrn pa3 no 8- 15 ce -
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    DiaBa 7 KyjibTypHbiH KOHTeKCT 285

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    AeHTOB, KOTOpbie MoryT 6 biTb ycTaHOBJieHbi B KanecTBe ijeJieH jyra nocjiejiy-
    lomeft nepepa6oTKH. Ilpouecc H3yneHHfl KyjibTypHoro KOHTeKCTa JXOJITKGU
    npOJliOJDKaTbCH TOJIbKO C COTJiaCHH KJIHeHTa , HTo6 bI rapaHTHpOBaTb, HTO BO-
    npocbi ncHxoTepaneBTOB He 6 yjxyr HaBH3HHBbiMH. KaK H Ha JIIO6OM 3Tane
    c6opa aHaMHe3a B EMDR -TepanHH, BajKHO 6biTb nyBCTBHTejibHbiM K BpeMe-
    HH H TeMny npoijecca H npo/ jojDKaTb HCCJiejjOBaHHe TOJibKO c pa3pemeHHH
    KJIHeHTa . 3TH Bonpocbi cjiyacaT pyKOBOjiCTBOM JJJIH HCCJiejiOBaHHH KyjibTyp-
    HOTO KOHTeKCTa , OAHaKO BajKHO noMHHTb, HTO He Bee Bonpocbi aKTyajibHbi
    AJiH Bcex KJiHeHTOB . BO3MOJKHO, noTpe6yeTca 3ajjaTb Bcero HecKOJibKO BO-
    npOCOB HJIH H3MeHHTb J , HTo6bI 3TOT 3anpOC COOTBeTCTBOBaJI
    ( )OpMyjIHpOBKy

    noTpe6HocTHM Barnero mineHTa. Y KJineHTOB TaK ^ce MOJKCT 6biTb HCCKOJIBKO


    OTBETOB Ha KajK bift ,
    Bonpoc noaTOMy £ aHTe HM BpeMH noziyMaTb, npeacjje
    ^
    neM nepexojiHTb K cjiejjyiomeMy Coo6mHTe KjraeHTaM, HTO STO 6ecejia , a He
    jjonpoc, H HTO OHH MoryT caMH onpe ejiHTb TeMn BonpocoB. Ilpn Heo6xoji;H -
    ^
    MOCTH 3aMeji,JiHTe npoijecc STOTO paccjiejjOBaHHH , ecJiH HTO-TO HapymaeT pe-
    ryjraijHio KjineHTOB, H nocoBeTyiiTe HM Hcnojib30BaTb Mepbi oaepjKHBaHHH ,
    npeacjje neM nepexojjHTb K jtpyroMy Bonpocy. TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHbiH
    UOJIXOJX K 3TOMy npoijeccy no6yjKflaeT H ncnxoTepaneBTa, H KJineHTa pery-
    JIHPHO npoBepHTb coMaTHnecKHe omymeHHH H a(J)(J)eKTbi.
    HHCTpyMeHT AJIH c6opa HCTOPHH:
    HccjieaoBaHHe KyjibTypHoro KOHTeKCTa

    Hunero, ec /in a 3 aflaM HecKO /ibKO BonpocoB o BameM Ky/ibTypHOM KOH -


    TeKCTe ?

    • Tfle Bbi poAMBUCb?


    • KaKOM Bam OCHOBHOM H3biK?
    DiaBa 7 KyjibTypHbiii KomeKCT 287

    HacKo/ibKO KOM (j) opTHo BaM roBopmb n nucaib no - aHr/iMMCKM ?


    KaK 6 bi Bbi onuca /iM AOM M paPioH, rfle Bbipoc /iM ?
    HeM MecTO, rfle Bbi XMBeTe ceMHac, noxoxe Ha TO, rfle BBI Bbipoc /iM , M /IM
    oT/iHHaeTCfl OT Hero ?

    Kax flo/iro Bbi XMBeTe B CoeflHHeHHbix UJiaTax ?


    Ben Bama ceMb /i XMBeT B CLL1A ?
    KaK nacTO Bbi B 03 BpaiflaeTecb Tyfla [ rfle XMBeT ceMbn K/iMeHTa ] ?
    Kax Bbi MfleHTM MflHpyeTe ce 6 a B coflMa /ibHOM M /IM Ky/ibrypHOM n /iaHe?
    ^
    Bbi MoxeTe flaTb HecKO/ibKO OTBOTOB Ha 3TOT Bonpoc.
    KaKMe acneKTbi 6 biTHH [ coflMa /ibHbm M /IM Ky/ibTypHbm flecKpMnTop, MC -
    no/ib3yeMbm K /IM 6 HTOM ] HaM 6 o/iee BaxHbi fl/ia Bac ?

    Edb /in KaKne -^ n 6 o acneKTbi 6 biTMn [ couMa /ibHbm M /IM Ky/ibTypHbm fle -
    CKpnnTop, ncno /ib3 yeMbm K/iMeHTOM], KOTopbie BaM He HpaBHTca M /IM KO -
    TOpbie Bbi nbITaeTeeb CKpblTb ?
    CBfi 3 aHbi m Bbi c KaKHM - /in 6 o Ky/ibTypHbiM HacneflMeM M /IM pMTya /iaMM
    M /IM npaKTMKyeTe HX ?

    Kax , no BarneMy MHeHMio, Baiue Te/io BbipaxaeT Bame Ky/ibTypHoe Hac /ie -
    flHe 4 epe3 Bamy no3y, xecTbi M /IM BHeiiiHMM BMA ?
    ripMflepxMBaeTecb m Bbi M Batua ceMbfl TpaflMflMOHHbix MeTOflOB /iene -
    HMfl ?

    B K3 Kne coflMa^ bHbie rpynnbi Bbi ceHMac BxoflHTe [ uxo /ia, uepKOBb M /IM
    06lii,eCTBeHHblH fleHTp ] ?
    KaKHe noJioxHTe /ibHbie M OTpMflaTe/ibHbie KanecTBa Bbi CBH 3 biBaeTe
    c STHMM copManbHbiMH rpynnaMM ?

    EcTb /IM y Bac KaKMe -TO flyxoBHbie npaKTMKM, KOTopbie BaxHbi fl/ia Bac ?
    KaK npow /ia Bama aflanTapMn KXM3HM B CoeflHHeHHbix LLlTaTax ?
    HacKO/ibKO ynymuH/iacb M /IM yxyflmM/iacb Bama XM 3 Hb noc /ie npne3fla
    B 3Ty CTpaHy ?

    • M 3 MeHM /iocb /IM coflMa /ibHO -3 KOHOMMMecKoe no /ioxeHMe BameM ceMbH


    nocne npne3fla B 3Ty CTpaHy ?
    • Kaxne CMCTeMbi noflflepxKM ecTb B BameM ceMbe M /IM coo 6 LflecTBe ?
    288 HacTb 2 ncHXOTepaneBTHMecKHeBMemaTe^bCTBa

    K KOMy Bbi o 6biMHo o 6pamaeTecb 3a noMombio , Korfla craTiXMBaeTecb


    c npo 6 /ieMOM ?
    rioneMy Bbi npMLUTiM Ha ncuxoiepanmo M HTO Bbi Hafleeiecb nonyHMTb
    OT aioro npoi4 ecca ?

    Edb JIM y Bac xaxMe - TiM 6 o CTpaxM nepeA npMXOAOM Ha ncuxoiepanMto ?

    HTO Apyrwe HTieHbi BameM ceMbM AywaioT MTIM AyMaioT o ncuxoiepanuM ?


    Kax Bbi onpeAe/ineie 6 oTie 3 Hb n 6Tiarono.nyHMe ?
    riepexmiM TIM Bbi HTO - HM 6yAbTpaBMaTMHecxoe MTIM xaxMe -TiM 6 o co 6biTMB
    0 Ka 3ajin A-nuTe/ibHoe B /ii/iBHMe Ha Baiue caMonyBCTBMe ?

    EbiTiM TIM y Bac xaxMe -TiM 6 o TpaBMnpyioiAne co 6biTMB , CBH3 aHHbie c TeM,
    HTO Bbi [ cOUHa /lbHblM MTIM XyTlbTypHblM ASCXpMnTOp , MCnOTlb3yeMblM XT1M -
    eHTOM ] ?

    HyBCTBOBa /iM TIM Bbi xorAa - Hn 6yAb AncxpnMMHai4mo , A MoraTeTibCTBa ,


    3 anyrnBaHne MTIM OTBepxeHne M 3 - 3 a Toro , HTO Bbi
    °
    [ couna /ibHbm MTIM
    xy^ bTypHbm AecxpunTop , ncno /ib3yeMbm XTIMCHTOM ] ?
    CTa /lXUBa /lMCb TIM Bbi MT1M XTO -T1M 6 O M 3 HTieHOB BameM CeMbM C AUCXpM -
    MMHapMeM noc /ie MMMMrpaLjMM ?

    3HaeTe TIM Bbi 0 XaXMX - TlM 6 o TpaBMMpyroiAMX C 06 blTMHX , CBH 3 aHHblX


    c xypbTypoM , xoTopbie NOBJTMST /IM Ha ApyrMX H /ieHOB BameM ceMbM MTIM
    npeAbiAyLMne noxo /ieHMH BameM ceMbM , TaxMX xax BOMHa , nepee3A , 6 er -
    CTBO, CTpax nepeA AenopTauMeM MTIM AncxpMMMHauMB ?

    lloAyMaMTe o BTIMBHMM M onbiTe noxoTieHMM, xoTopbie npeAinecmoBaTiM


    BaM . HTO Bbi 3 HaeTe o A ^TCXMX nepexMBaHMax BamMX poAMTeneM, 6 a -
    6ymex M AeAywex ? C xaxMMM TpyAHOCTBMM OHM CTO /iXHy/iMCb ? Kax OHM
    cnpaBTiqnMCb c 3TMMM TpyAHOCTHMM ?
    Kax noBTiMH /iM Ha Bac TpaBMMpyxjiAMe co 6 biTMH , xoTopbie Bbi nepexMJiM
    HenocpeACTBeHHO MTIM xoTopbie npoM3 omTiM c ApyrMMM H /ieHaMM ceMbM ?
    Pa 3 MbimTiflq HaA MCTopMeM CBoeM ceMbM , 3 aMenaeTe TIM Bbi xaxMe - TiM 6 o
    noTioxMTeTibHbie 3 ax0 H 0 MepH0CTM ? Kax 3TO noBTiMfl.no Ha Bamy >XM 3 Hb?
    CnMTaeTe TIM Bbi , HTO MexAy HaMM ecTb xaxMe -To xynbTypHbie pa 3nMHMfl ,
    O XOTOpbIX HaM HyXHO nOTOBOpMTb ?

    CnMTaeTe TIM Bbi , HTO A C yBaxeHMeM OTHomycb x nx) 6biM xynbTypHbiM


    pa 3TIMHMJIM, CymeCTByiOLLlMM MeXAy BaMM M MHOM ?
    DiaBa 7 KyjibTypHbiH KOHTeKCT 289

    3TMI nOZirOTOBKH B KOHTEKCTE


    TEJIECHOH KyjIbTYPbl
    MHorae KJiHeHTbi c ncHxojiorHHecKHMH TpaBMaMH , o6ycjiOBjieHHbiMH
    KyjibTypHbiM KOHTeKCTOM , MoryT nyBCTBOBaTb ce6n 6ecnpaBHbiMH, 6ec-
    CHJIbHblMH HJIH 6ecnOMOmHbIMH. HeKOTOpbie KJiHeHTbi MOryT nOCTOHHHO
    CTajiKHBaTbCH c AHCKpHMHHauHeii, npecjieAOBaHHeM HJIH ApyrHMH Hera-
    THBHbiMH HBJieHHHMH B uiKOJie , npH o6meHHH C KOJIJieraMH H TaK Jiajiee.
    Ha STane UOJXYOTOBKU ncHXOTepaneBTbi MoryT noMOHb K/ineHTaM noAKJiio-
    HHTbCH K TaKHM pecypcaM , KaK J
    ( ) H3HHecKoe omymeHHe npnjiHBa CHJI H no-

    HCK KyjIbTypHbIX C0I03HHK0B HJIH 3aiB,HTHHKOB.


    CjieAyionjiee BMemaTejibCTBo , “ HHCTajuunjHfl pecypcoB AJIH npnjiHBa
    CHJI , npe/yiaraeT KjineHTaM pa3BHBaTb pecypc, BCHOMHHB B TO BpeMH ,
    Koraa OHH nyBCTBOBajiH npHJiHB CHJI. 3TO MOTJIO np0 H30 HTH B ceMbe ,
    B IHKOJie, B I],epKBH , Ha pa6oTe HJIH C Apy3bHMH. U,ejlb COCTOHT B TOM ,
    HTo6 bI nOMOHb KJIHCHTaM IIOHyBCTBOBaTb, KaK BOCnOMHHaHHe 06 3TOM
    nyBCTBe omymaeTCH B Tejie, H yKpenHTb 3Ty HenpoHHyio ceTb npn uojx -
    TOTOBKe K AeCeHCH 6HJIH3aij; HH . ECJIH y KJIHeHTOB B03HHKai0T TpyAHOCTH
    c BOcnoMHHaHHeM o MOMeHTe, Kor/ ja OHH nyBCTBOBajin npHJiHB CHJI , Bbi
    MOxeTe noMOHb HM HaHTH MOMeHT, Koraa OHH nonyBCTBOBajiH ce6n yBe -
    peHHO BO BpeMH ceccHH ncHxoTepanHH. IIpHMepbi MoryT BKJnonaTb B ce6fl
    TOT (J)aKT, HTO KJIHCHT BbICKa3bIBaJI BaM CBOe MHCHHe , CMOT CKa3aTb “ HeT ”
    HJIH nonyBCTBOBaji ce6n B 6e3onacHOCTH , Bbipaxan SMOUHH . KaK TOJibKO
    KJineHT CMoaceT onpeznejiHTb MOMCHT, ycHJibTe STO omymeHHe c noMombio
    npon,eAypbi BLS/ DAS.

    BMeiuamejibcmeo 43 . pecypcoB
    npnjiHBa CHJI

    PaccKaxHTe MHe o cjiynae , Kor a Bbi nonyBCTBOBajii/i npmiMB CHJI : B Kpy-


    ^
    ry BameH ceMbH , B niKO/ie , Ha pa 6 oie , c Apy3 bflMn win B JIHD 6 OM Apyron
    MOMeHT BaweM XH 3 HM . KaKafl KapTMHa min o 6 pa 3 npeACTaB/meT STOT
    nojioxMTeBbHbm MOMeHT? Kai< ne SMOUHM Bbi HcnbiTbiBaeTe ? Kai< ne > n -
    4
    3 MHecKne omyLAeHM Bbi HcnbiTbiBaeTe ? Ha HTO 3TO noxoxe ? MoxeTe m
    ^
    Bbi no3 Bo/imb CBoen no3 e OTpaxaTb TO , HTO Bbi nyBCTByeTe ? Edb JWA Ka -
    Kne - Hn 6 yAb c/iOBa z\ m no/ioxMTe/ibHbie yTBepxACHMfl o ce 6 e , KOTopbie
    conpoBOXAaiOT 3TO nyBCTBo ?
    290 HacTb 2
    ^ IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    flpuMevaHue . Bbino/iHure KopoTKne cepm npoLieaypbi BLS / DA5 or rpex


    AO nnrv\ pa 3 no 8 - 15 cexyH /i yro6 bi 3dKpenv\Tb ucnbiTbmaeMoe omymeHne .
    Mex/iy cepiwm K / iueHT jionxeH Ae /iarb r/ iySoKnii BJO,OX . yde nrecb , HTO
    KJWEHTBCE eme yyBCTByer KaKne - ro no / ioxuTejibHbie 3 M 0\ [ m.
    ^
    nOHCK KYJIbTYPHblX COI03HHKOB
    H 3AmHTHHKOB
    ncHxoTepaneBTbi CTpeMHTCH HHTerpHpOBaTb pejiHrno3Hbie HJIH JXYXOB-
    ySeacAeHHH KJIHCHTOB B , Kor a STO BO3MO >KHO. HanpHMep,
    Hbie jieneHHe
    ^
    o Ha ^ceHiiiiHHa pa6oTajia c maMaHOM H3 ee KyjibTypbi H conjia nojie3HbiM
    ^
    npe CTaBHTb 2CHBOTHbix-coio3HHKOB, KOTopbix OHa o6HapyjKHJia B CBOHX
    ^
    maMaHCKHx nyTemecTBHHx , HTO6M OHH 6 bum pn OM c Heft , Kor a OHa 06-
    ^
    pamaeTCH K CBOHM TpaBMHpyiomHM BocnoMHHaHHHM H3 zieTCTBa. Taioice
    ^
    MO KeT 6 biTb nojie3HO noMOHb KJineHTaM onpeAejiHTb coio3HHKa, KOTopbift
    ^
    M02KCT CJiy CHTb C0I03HHK0 M HJIH 3amHTHHKOM.
    ^
    Cjiezjyiomee BMemaTejibCTBO, “ KyjibTypHbie COK>3HHKH H 3amHTHHKH” ,
    noMoraeT ncHxoTepaneBTaM HanpaBHTb MBICJTH RJIHCHTOB Ha jno eft , KOTO-
    pbie HBJIHIOTCH AJIfl HHX KyJIbTypHbIMH o6 pa3IjaMH AJIfl nOApatfCaHHfl HJIH
    ^
    3amHTHHKaMH , a Taioice Ha yBa caeMbix KyjibTypHbix AenTejieft , KOTopbie
    ^
    MoryT cjiy CHTb coi03HHKaMH KJineHTa B no roTOBKe K EMDR -TepanHH.
    ^ ^
    HanpHMep, KJIHCHT, Ha3BaBiHHft ce6n reeM, BCHOMHHJI oco6eHHO T5DKejioe
    BpeMH B CTapniHx KJiaccax UIKOJIBI , Kor a Ha# HHM H3AeBajmcb. OH 6OHJICH
    ^
    noroBopHTb co CBoeft ceMbeft, noTOMy HTO He OTKpbijicn HM. OH npe CTaBHji
    ce6e, HTO B03BpamaeTCH B TO Tpy Hoe BpeMH CBoeft KH3HH BMecTe co CBOH -
    ^
    ^
    MH £py3b5iMH H3 JirBT-coo6mecTBa , nyBCTByn HX nozmepxKy H 3Han , HTO
    OHH c ejiaioT Bee , HTO6BI 3amHTHTb ero. Kaic H B cjiynae BMemaTejibCTBa 26
    ^
    “ HHCTaJIJIHUHH pecypCOB £JTH HaCTH JIHHHOCTH C nOMOmblO KOMaHAbI C0I03-
    HHKOB , BM Mo KeTe noMOHb KJineHTaM npo yMaHHO noMecTHTb icaacAoro
    ^ ^
    coio3HHKa B npocTpaHCTBe BOKpyr ce6n. 3TO BMemaTejibCTBO COCTOHT H3
    jXByx rnaroB.

    ^ BMeuiamejibcmeo 44 . Ky/ibTypHbie COKD 3 HHKH M CTOPOHHHKM


    LUar 1 . OnpeAe/uue coK>3HMKa MAM dopoHHMKa
    HaM BceM HyxHbi /IK> AM , KOTopbie noMoraioT HaM nyBCTBOBaTb noAAepxKy,
    pyKOBOACTBO n 3 ammy. XoTenn 6 bi Bbi npMBecTU coK> 3 Hm<a min 3 amnTHMKa
    DiaBa 7 KyjibTypHbiii KOHTeKCT 291

    M3 CBOePi XM 3 HM , KOTOpbIM M 0r 6bl nOflflepxaTb, HanpaBMTb MJ1M 3 aiHMTMTb


    Bac OT Toro , c neM Bbi 6 opeiecb? COIO 3HMKOM Moxei 6 biTb KTO -TO, KOTO
    Bbi 3 Haeie , KTO 6 bm BauiMM 3 amMTHMK0 M, yBaxaeMbiPi KyjibTypHbm Aen -
    TeJib, MdopM necKoe JIMAO, OTCTaMBaBLuee BaxHbie pun sac npaBa, MJIM
    ’
    Boo 6 paxaeMaB cjpurypa , KOTopaa Morvia 6 bi oJiMLieTBopaTb STM KanecTBa .
    rioAyMaMTe o xapaKTepMamax MJIM KanecTBax, KOTopbiMM Bbi BocxMmae -
    Tecb B CBOMX COKD 3 HMKaX . Bbi TaKXe MOXeTe MCri 0Jlb30 BaTb CMMBOJlbl , CJIO -
    Ba MJIM Meiac|) opbi , KOTopbie noMoryr BaM nyBCTBOBaTb ce 6 a 3 amMmeH -
    HblMM , B 6 e 30 naCH 0 CTM MJIM HaAe/ieHHblMM nOJIHOMOMMBMM. HTO - HM 6yAb
    npMXOAMT Ha yM ?

    flpuMevaHHe. Ilycrb xnMeHTbi Ha30 Byr COIO3 HMXOB MJIM 3 aipMTHMX 0 B M no -


    Morme MM orwcarb xapaxrepMCTMXM MJIM xanecrBa , xoropbiMM OHM BOC -
    XMLpaioTcn B 3TMX coio3 HMxax . Bbi raxxe Moxere npepjioxMTb xjiMemaM
    Mcnonb30 BaTb CMMBO / ibi , MJIM Meraipopbi , KOTopbie noMoryr MM no -
    c/ ioBa
    HyBCTBOBdTb Ce6fl 3 dlHMIHeHHblMM , B 6e30 naCH 0CTM MJIM HapejieHHbIMM
    nOJIHOMOHMBMM . floCJie TOTO , KaK KflMeHTbl HaMflyT 3TMX C0 IO3 HMK0 B , CMM -
    BOJlbl MJIM Meraipopbi , nonpocMre XJIMOHTOB pa3 MecrMTb COK>3 HMKOB Boxpyr
    ce6a B npocrpaHCTBe fl /w ponojiHMTejibHOM noppepxxM .

    LUar 2.3 aKperwTe coio3Hm<a MJIM 3aiuMTHMKa


    Tenepb, KorAa y Bac ecTb COIO3 HMK MJIM 3 aiAMTHMK , Bbi 6 epMTe MecTO , rAe
    Bbi XOTe/lM 6 bl rtOMeCTMTb 3 TOTO C 0 (03 HMKa B npOCTpaHCTBG BOKpyr ce 6 fl .
    XOTeJIM 6 bl Bbi , HT06 bl 3TOT C 0103 HMK 6 blJl BnepeAM, c 6 oxy MJIM C 3 aAM Bac ?

    ripuMevaHHe. floc/ ie roro, xax KfineHT noMecTMT comHMxa B Bbi 6 paH -


    Hoe MM Mecro, Bbino / iHMTB xopoTKMe cepMM npopepypbi BLS/ DAS or rpex
    po FIBTM pa3 no 8- 15 cexyHp, Hro6 bi 3axpenMTb aro oipyipeHne. floBTopBMTe
    npopecc co3fldHMB COK)3 HMKOB cmjibKO pa3, CKOJibKO neo6xopMMo, noxa
    K / iMeHT He Hamper xoMaHpy COIO3 HMKOB M 3 aipMTHMX 0 B , Koropan o6ecne -
    HMBaer eMy noppepxxy M 3aipMTy. llpepjioxMTe xjiMemaM npoBepMTb CBOIO
    renecHyio 0C03 HaHH 0 CTb, xorpa OHM pa3 MeipaiOT COIO3 HMKOB B npocrpaH -
    CTBe . CnepMre 3 a CMrnanaMM B rene M HepBHOM CMcreMe xjiMemoB , xo -
    ropbie 03 HanaK)T, HTO OHM HyBCTBytor ce6a B 6e3 onacHocrM M 3 a3 eMiieHbi .
    K/ ineHTbi Moryr MMerb B CBoexi KOManpe CTOJIBKO CO\03 HMKOB, cxojibxo 3 a -
    XOTBT, no3TOMy ocraBaMrecb B npopecce, noxa OHM He noHyBCTBym ce6n
    yBepeHHO .
    292 Hacrb 2
    ^ IIcHXOTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    Tenepb, Korfla BOKpyr Bac ecTb KOMaHfla COIO 3HMKOB , BepHme cBoe oco3Ha -
    HMe K CBoeMy Te/iy B penoM . HTO Bbi oco3Haeie cefinac ? noipaTbTe HecKonb-
    KO MkiHyT, HTo 6 bi o 6 paTmb BHMMaHMe Ha oipyipeHHB B Te /i e M AbixaHkie.

    .
    npuMevamie EC/ IM wiueHTcoo6iuaer o TOM , HTO nyecre/er ce6n o6ecneneH -
    HblM pecypcaMM C nOMOlUbtO KOMaHflbl C0 IO3 HMK0 B M aaLpMTHMKOB, BbinOJlHM -
    re KopoTKue cepm npopepypbi BLS/ DAS OT Tpex po HBTH pa3 no 8- 15 ce-
    xynp , HToSbi 3aKpenmb oLpyLpaeMoe no3vnmnoe oipyipenue. Ecnn KJiweHT
    ncnbiTbiBaeT TpyflHOCTM npn Bbi 6ope COIO 3 HHKOB , He Bbino / iHBMTe npopepypy
    BLS/ DAS H npoponxatiTe paSoraTb nap, HOHCKOM KOMaHpbi COIO3 HHKOB . 3TO
    npH3 HaK TOTO, HTO KJweHT He Mower nyBCTBOBaTb ce6n 3atpmpeHHbiM, oxpy -
    xeHHbiM 3a6oTofi, B 6e3 onacHocw MJIM meTb poBepmenbHbie oTHoiuenna.

    /Inn pa3BMTMft awro oipyipenm Mower noTpe6oBaTbcn BpeMn.

    MEHTAJIbHblH (PHJIbM O nPHJIHBE CHJI


    Cjieayromee BMemaiejibCTBO , “ MeHTaJIbHblH ( jjHjibM o npnjiHBe CHJI ,
    npepjiaraeT KJIHeHTaM nonyBCTBOBaTb npnjiHB CHJI B CHTyapHHX, B KOTO-
    pblX OHM o6bIHHO HyBCTByiOT Ce6n 6eCCHJIbHbIMH , 6ecnpaBHbIMH HJIH OTBep-
    JKeHHblMH. 3TO BMeiliaTeJIbCTBO M05K6T nOMOHb KJIHeHTaM IIOHyBCTBOBaTb
    6oJIbHIHH KOHTpOJIb Hafl CBOeH 5KH3HbK>. IlOMOrHTe KJIHeHTaM HCnOJIb30-
    BaTb 6ojibnie coMaTHHecKHX pecypcoB, raxiix KaK /ibixaiine, HHCTpyMeHTbi
    3a3eMJieHHH, ocaHKa H oco3HaHHe Tejia. OHH Tanxce MoryT BiononaTb CBOHX
    C0I03HHK0B H 3aiH,HTHHKOB. KaK TOJIbKO KJIHeHT nOHyBCTByeT npHJIHB CHJI,
    BbinojiHHTe npopeaypy BLS DAS Ha BceM npoTHXceHHH STOIO MeHTajibHoro
    /
    (}) HJIbMa H nOBTOpHTe 3TO TpH - nHTb pa3, y6eflHBIHHCb, HTO KJIHeHT OCi aeTOl

    no3HTHBHbiM npH KaxAOH npoBepKe. Ha iipoTioKeHHH Bcero BMemaTejib-


    CTBa noMoraHTe KJIHeHTaM nojiKJiioHaTbcn K CBOHM omymeHHHM , aaKpenjnm
    nOJIOJKHTejIbHbTC MbICJIH , HyBCTBa H| B npOTHBHOM
    ( ) H3HHeCKHe OUiymeHHH.

    cjiynaenpoAOJDKairre pa3BHBaTb pecypcw j\o Tex nop, nona peajiHCTHHHbin


    MeHTaJIbHblH (JlHJIbM He CTHHeT BOCnpHHHMaTbCH KaK n 03HTHBHbIH.

    BMeuiamejibcmeo 45 . MemajibHbM 4> mibM o npwiuBe CHJI

    PaccKaxMTe MHe o CMTyapMM, c KOTOPOM Bbi B HacTOBipee BpeMB 6 ope -


    Tecb UoMa , Ha pa 6 oTe, B mKO/i e , B npaBMTenbCTBe M Tax Aa /i e e], rAe Bbi
    He nyBCTByeTe ce 6 a yBepeHHO. xony, MTo 6 bi Bbi npeACTaBM /iM, KaK yBe -
    peHHO cnpaBJineTecb c [ cnTyapneii ]. flpeACTaBbTe , HTO Bbi craHOBMTecb
    DiaBa 7 KyjibrypHbifi KOHTeKCT 293

    ynacTHHKOM 3TOM cu,eHbi . 06 paTHTe BHMMaHne Ha TO , mo Bbi BMflme M KaK


    Bbi cnpaBiifteTecb c cmyapMeM. MTO BBI AyMaeie , MyBCTByeie M OLAymae -
    Te ? HTO Bbi 3 aMeHaeie B CBoen no 3 e ? KaKMe pecypcbi MoryT BaM noHaflO -
    6 MTbCfl , HT06 bl yBepeHHO CnpaBMTbCB C 3TOM CHTyaUMeM ?
    ripuMenaHHe. floMornre K / menry ncnoztb30 BaTb nto6 bte pecypcbt , xoropbie
    MOT/ IH 6bi yxpenmb ycneu/ Hbm Mema / ibHbm cpn / ibM . 3TO Mower BK / itonarb
    coMariwecKMe pecypcbt , raxue xax pbixanne H 3a3 eM / ieHne , uzm npuB / ie -
    neHne rpynnbi COIO3 HHKOB H 3 atpHTHHK0 B. llo3 BO/ ibTe K/ meHTy Hatim Bee,
    HTO Heo6xoflMMO. YpocroBepbrecb, HTO x / mem OLpyipaer npn/ mB cun. Kax
    To / ibKo KfineHT cMower ycneiuHO npoxpyTHTb MeHTa / ibHbm (pnzibM nepep
    CBOHM MbtcneHHbiM B3 opoM , BbtnojiHHTe npopepypy BLS/ DAS Ha BceM
    ero npoTweHHH H noBTopnre aro rpn- narb pa3. Y6epmecb, HTO xnneHT
    ocraerca no3 HTHBHbiM npu xawpoti npoBepxe. ripopo/ iwafiTe po rex nop,
    noxa no3 HTHBHoe cocToanne ycnzimaeTca. Ec / m xnneHT cranx^ Baerca
    c xaxon-nn6o xoHTaMHHapnen no3 HTHBHoro COCTOHHMH , HHCTannnpyxtTe
    pecypcbt po rex nop, noxa MeHTa / ibHbm (pn/ ibM He BepHer K / memy otpytpe -
    Hne yBepeHHOCTH.

    Tenepb a xony, mo 6 bi Bbi npoKpyTM /iM STOT 4) n/ibM nepefl CBOHM Mbic -
    jieHHbiM B 3 opoM , noKa BLS/DAS. ripoBepbTe,
    Mbi Bbino/iHfleM npoueflypy
    CMOxeie /in Bbi HcnbuaTb 3TO nyBCTBO, Korfla CMOTpme 3 TOT 4> n/ibM. Bbi
    Moxeie CBO 6 OAHO nepeMemaTb CBoe Teno nto 6 biM cnoco 6 oM , Koiopbm no -
    MoraeT BaM BO BpeMH STOTO rtpopecca. flame MHe 3 HaTb, Korfla HaHMHaTb
    npopeAypy BLS/ DAS, M CKaxime, KorAa Bbi 3 aK0 HHme npocMOTp cjimibMa ,
    M ft ocTaHOB /ito 3Ty npoueAypy. Mbi Bbino /iHMM npoBepKy no 3xe.

    OnPE/IEJIEHHE UEJIEH B KOHTEKCTE


    TEJIECHOft KYJIbTyPbl
    Ha STane ouemcn EMDR -TepanHH BaxcHO, HTOSM ncHXOTepaneBTbi npn -
    HHMajIHBO BHHMaHHe JIK) 6yK) HCTOpHIO COUHaJIbHbIX HJIH KyjIbTypHbIX (fiaK -
    TopoB yrHeieHHfl , npeApaccyAKOB H AncKpHMHHau,nH npn onpeaejieHHH
    HCJICii. IlpHMepbl KyjIbTypHbIX TpaBM MOryT BKJIIOiaTb B CC6H H30JIXUHI0,
    HCKJiioHeHHe , 3anyrHBaHne HJIH npecjieAOBaHHe. IIpoAOJDKaiomaxcx AHC-
    KpHMHHau, HH HJIH yrHeieHHe MoryT paccMaTpHBaTbcn xax cJiopMa CJIOXCHO-
    ro nocTTpaBMaTHHecKoro CTpeccoBoro paccTponcTBa, nocKOJibxy y KJIHCH -
    Ta MOJKCT He 6bITb OTAeJIbHOTO TpaBMaTHHeCKOID HHAHAeHTa. BMeCTO STOrO
    294 HacTb 2 & IlcHxoTepaneBTHMecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    KJTHeHTbl MOrJIH CTOJIKHyTbCH HJIH CTaJIKHBaiOTCfl C XpOHHHeCKHM CTpeCCOM


    Heonpe , yrpo30 H AenopTaijHH, 6eAHOCTbio, HeTpyAOcnoco6HO-
    CTbK)
    ^ejieHHOCTH

    HJIH OTCyTCTBHeM HyBCTBa COIJHaJIbHOH npHHaAJie KHOCTH. )

    KpOMe Toro, MO)KeT 6bITb Ba)KHbIM BKJIIOHHTb JIK)6bie COOTBeTCTByiOmHe


    KyjibTypHbie TpaBMbi pa3Hbix noicojicHHH , Taicne Kax onbiT reHOUHjja , pa6-
    CTBa , cerperauiHH H OTKa3a B 3aKOHHbix npaBax cpe H MeHbiiiHHCTB, )KeH -
    ^
    IHHH H HJieHOB coo6mecTBa JirBTK [ Heber & Alter- Reid , 2017; Robinson ,
    2017]. HanpHMep, y nepejKHBiimx XOJIOKOCT BO BTOPOM H TpeTbeM noKO -
    JieHHH HaCTO B03HHKai0T CHJIbHbie COMaTHHeCKHe H OMOHHOHaJIbHbie peax -
    IJHH Ha TpaBMaTHnecKoe npomjioe HX pojjHTejieH HJIH 6a6ymeK H nejiiyuiex ,
    KOTopbie MO KHO^ Hcnojib30 BaTb B KaHecTBe MHineHH Rjin JXECEHCH6 HJIH -
    3atiHH H nepepa6oTKH. To ace caMoe OTHOCHTCH H K a3HaTaM, HBH ceMbH
    Haxo/iHJiHCb B Jiarepnx AJIH HHTepHHpoBaHHbix B Coe/iiHHeHHbix lUTaTax ,
    a(]) poaMepHKaHCKHM noTOMKaM pa6oB, KopeHHbiM aMepHKaHuaM, KOTopbie
    noABeprjiHCb npHHy HTejibHOMy nepecejieHHio , H Tax Aajiee. B cjie yio-
    ^
    meM cnncKe npHBe/ieHbi HexoTopbie npHMepbi KyjibTypHO
    ^
    o6ycjiOBJieHHbix
    TpaBMHpyiOLUHX 4 aKTOpOB.
    )

    KyjibTypHO-o6ycjioBJieHHbie TpaBMHpyiomHe 4> aKTOpbi


    • MaprMHa /iM 3auM ^ MJIM AwcKpuMMHaui/m B oOLnecTBeHHbix MHCTMTyiax ,
    TaKMX KaK LUKO/ia vuiM pa 6 oqee Mecio
    • npeAy6 exAeHMfl
    • SMOAMOHaBbHoe , c|) M 3 MHecKoe M ceKcyanbHoe Hacn /iMe
    • npecBeAOBaHne
    • npecTyruieHwq Ha noHBe HeHaBMCTM
    • CiepeoTMribi
    • naccMBHO -arpeccMBHoe noBeAeHMe
    • M 3AeBaiejibCTBa HJIH AOMoraie/ibCTBa
    • YHMxeHHe
    " 0TK 33 B noBbiLLieHMM Ha pa 6 oie
    • HyBCTBO He/IOBKOCTM
    • HyBCTBO , HTO Bbl HyXOM HJIH HeM -TO o 6Ae/ieHbi
    • Heo 6xOAMMOCTb CKpbIBaTb CBOe MCTMHHOe V' OT ceMbH, OT APy 3 eM ,
    B iHKOBe MJIM Ha pa 6 oie
    DiaBa 7 & KyjiwypHbiH KOHTeKCT 295

    • HyBCTBO 3/iocTM Ha ce 6 a 3a TO, HTO BBI ouiHHaeiecb OT flpyrHX


    • CeMeMHaa MCTopmi reHopMAa

    • CeMeMHaa MCTOPMH pa 6cTBa


    • CeMbn 6 exeHpeB
    • rioTepa AOMa , ceMbM H/IM CTpaHbi M 3 - 3 a MMMMrpaAMM

    • Xn3 Hb B CTpaxe nepeA AenopiapMeM


    • XpOHMMeCKMH CTpeCC M3 - 3 a 6 eAHOCTM
    HErATHBHblE KOrHHUHH
    B KYJIbTyPHOM KOHTEKCTE
    Taioice BaacHO pacciviaTpHBaTb HeraTHBHbie KOTHHUHH B copHajibHOM

    HAH KyjibTypHOM KOHTeKCTe [ Levis & Sinego , 2017 ]. HanpHMep, HeraTHB -


    KdLH KOTHHAHH “51 ApyrOH” HAH “51 HyACOH” MOACeT HMCTb HHOe 3HaHCHHe
    AAH KAHeHTa, HcnbiTbiBaiomero counaAbHoe yrHeieHHe HAH AHCKPHMH-
    HaiiHio. B CAeAyiomeM cnncKe paccMaTpHBaioTCH HeKOTopbie HeraTHBHbie
    H n03HTHBHbie KOrHHHHH, CBH3aHHbie C KyAbTypHOH TpaBMOH.

    HeraTHBHbie H n03HTHBHbie KOrHHU,HH ,


    o6ycjioBJieHHbie KyjibTypHofi TpaBMOH
    HezamueHCM KOZHUU,U $ no3umu6 Han KOZHUULM
    51 wy/KOii 51 ceou
    51 znymiu 51 yMHblU
    51 e onacHocmu 51 Mozy o6ecr\emm ceoio 6e3onacHocmb
    y MeHJi Hem npae y Men9i ecmb npaea
    516ecauieH 51 nyecmeyio ceoio cuny
    516 ECCUNEH u3Menmb cumyau,uio 51 mzy u3MeHumb cumyaum
    51 He docmouH 51 docmom
    51 cm6 biu 51 CUJIbHblU
    51 ne mzy 3«o{umumb ce6a 51 Mozy fHayHumbCflJ 3auiuiiiamb ce6n cemac
    51 cdenan nmo mo He max
    -
    3 mo He A/1051 euHd
    296 HacTb 2 GP ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    HAPPATHBHblH TlOAXOJl K nOHCKY


    PECYPCOB H UEJIEH
    ZlpyroH cnoco6 Hairra pecypcbi H uejiH Hcnojib3yeT HapparaBHbiH
    nojxxojx K EMDR -TepanHH. HappaTHBHan 3Kcno3HijHOHHaH Tepannn
    [ Schauer, Neuner & Elbert, 2011] npe/yiaraeT xjeHHyio uojxejib jieneHHH
    KyjibTypHO o6ycjiOBjieHHOH ncHxojiorHnecKOH TpaBMbi , nocKOJibKy H3Ha -
    najibHO OHa 6 biJia pa3pa6oTaHa AJIH jieneHHH jiiOAeii, nepe )KHBiiiHx Boimy

    H no BeprniHxcH nojiHTHnecKHM npecjieAOBaHHHM, a TaKace CBH eTejieH


    ^
    cepbe3Hbix HapymeHHH npaB nejiOBeKa. HappaTHBHan 3Kcno3HUHOHHan
    ^
    Tepannn BKJnonaeT B ce6n o6pa6oTKy 3M0 ijH0HajibHbix peaKijHH , pa6oTy
    C KOTHHTHBHblMH HCKa KeHHHMH H , B KOHeHHOM CHeTe , nOMOIIJb KJIHeHTaM
    ^
    B cocTaBJieHHH HappaTHBa , onncbiBaiomero HX HCTOPHIO. B HeicoTopbix
    cjiynanx 3aBepmeHHbiH HappaTHB Hcnojib30 BajiCH B KanecTBe CBHAeTejib -
    CKHX noKa3aHHH fljiH cy e6Horo npecjieAOBaHHH 3a HapymeHHH npaB
    ^
    nejiOBeica. HappaTHBHbift noAXOA ijeHeH , Kor a HeT eAHHoro TpaBMara -
    ^
    necKoro CO6BITHH , Ha KOTopoe HyacHO oSparaTb BHHMaHHe , noTOMy HTO
    KyjibTypHO oSycjiOBjieHHan ncHxojiorHHecKan TpaBMa oxBaTbmaeT 6OJIB-
    rnyio nacTb HCH3HH KJiHeHTa. PO6HH IIIanHpo [ Shapiro, 2005 ] oScyacAaeT
    HHTerpaAHio HappaTHBHOH ncHxoTepanHH c EMDR -Tepanneft AJIH pa -
    6oTbI C KyjIbTypHbIMH CoSbITHHMH H HaCJieACTBeHHblMH HHTpOeKIJHHMH ,
    B KOTopbix ncHxojiorHHecKan TpaBMa KJiHeHTa nepe aeTcn H3 noKOJieHHH
    B noKOJieHne .
    ^
    Mbi pacnrapneM cymecTByiomne MOACJIH , noompnn ncHxoTepaneBTOB
    pa3pa6aTbmaTb BMecTe c KJiHeHTaMH HappaTHBbi, ocHOBaHHbie Ha KyjibTyp-
    HO o6ycjiOBjieHHOM HCCjieAOBaHHH , BKJnonaiomeM TejiecHoe oco3HaHHe.
    HappaTHB MOHceT BKJiiOHaTb jiio6bie TpaBMHpyiomne CO6BITHH. B Hjjeajie
    OH MOHCeT BKJiiOHaTb n 03HTHBH 0e KyjIbTypHOe HaCJieAHe , HTo6 bI yCHJIHTb
    omymeHHe TejiecHoro KyjibTypHoro KanHTajia KJiHeHTa. HappaTHB MonceT
    TaKHce BKJiiOHaTb B ce6n HCTOPHIO O TOM , KaK KJIHCHT yace npeoAOJieji Tpy#-
    HOCTH , HJIH o TOM , KaK npeAbiAymne noKOJieHHH BHCTOHJIH B pa3Aopax , no-
    3BOJIHB KJIHeHTy JKHTb ceroAHH.
    H3yneHHe HacjieACTBeHHbix ceMenHbix HCTOPHH 6 BIJIO npe MeTOM HC-
    ^
    cjieAOBaHHH JXK) Ka , JIa3apyca H OnBym [ Duke , Lazarus & Fivush, 2008] ,

    KOTOpbie o6HapyHCHJIH, HTO ACTH H nOApOCTKH , KOTOpbie 6oJIbme 3HaiOT


    o CBoeil ceMbe , jiynme cnpaBJimoTcn c nocjieACTBHHMH TpaBMaTHHe-
    CKOTO CTpecca. Hx HccjieAOBaHHe noKa3biBaeT, HTO paccKa3bi , KOTOpbie
    DiaBa 7 KyjibrypHbiii KOHTeKCT 297

    6 jiioTCfl Meac y TpaBMHpyiomHMH CO6HTHHMH H nojioacHTejibHbiMH


    KOJie
    ^
    pe3yjibTaiaMH , noMoraiOT JIKWIM oco3HaTb, MTO pocT JIHWHOCTH MOKCT
    npoH3oiiTH 6 jiaroflap« HeB3ro/iaM. 3TO HBjineTCH KjnoweBbiM KOMnoHeH -
    TOM yCTOHMHBOCTH .
    PaccMOTpHM npuMep KjmeHTKH, eBpeiicKOH aceHipHHbi CTaprne 30 JieT,
    KOTopan npHHap; jie5Kajia K TpeTbeMy noKOJieHHio ceMbH, nepexcuBiiieH
    XOJIOKOCT. OHa npHinjia Ha ncHxoTepanHK), noTOMy HTO y Hee 6buiH naHH -
    necKHe aTaKH. Bo BpeMH nepBbix Tpex 3TanoB EMDR -TepanHH ncuxoTepa -
    neBTOM 6HJI pa3pa6oTaH cjie/tyiOBj, HH KyjibrypHbiH HappaTHB.

    3a MHOZO nem do eamezo poxdeHun eamu npadedymxa u npadedymxa


    no omu,oecxou nuHuu >xunu e repManuu e 1930 - e zodbi , xozda Hanucmbi
    3 axeamunu Eepony . Bameu 6 a6ymKe co cmoponbi omu,a 6 bmo ecezo
    16 nem , Kozda ona 6 e>Ka / ia U 3 Eepomi c dpyzou ceMbeu, xomopan me-
    xana e CoeduHeHHbie UJmambi . Eu oweHb noee3no, wmo OHO eboxuna, HO,
    K co>xaneHux), OH a 6omme Huxozda He eudena HU podumeneu, HU 6 pama.
    n03>Ke 0Hay3 Hana, wmo OHU 6 binuy6umbi . Kozda eama 6 a6ymxa npuexa-
    na e CoeduHeHHbie LUmambi , OH a ecmpemam eamezo deda, mo>xe eepen,
    ceMbn Komopozo noxuHyna Eepony e 1800 - x zodax . Ba /vi npaeumcn CMO -
    mpemb Ha cpomozpacpuu eamux 6 a6ymex a dedymex , Kozda OHU 6 binu
    MonodbiMu. Bbi Moxeme eudemb 6om Ha ax nuijax , HO maxxce Moxceme
    eudemb, wmo OHU ebiznndenu cuacmnuebiMu nocne poxdeHun eamezo
    omu,a a ezo 6 pama. Bbi ebipocnu, >xuen c podumenmu omu,a, a 6 binu
    6 /1U 3 KU c 6 a6ymxou. BaM 6 bino oweHb zpycmno, xozda OHU yMepnu nsimb
    nem HA 3ad. Bamu Mamb a omen xodana e o3Hy mxony u noxeHunucb
    Monodbim. IA omea,, a Mamb xopouuo o6 pa3oeaHb\ a zopdnmcn ceoeu
    pa6 omou epana a ymmem. Bbi HUXOZDA He ecmpenanucb c podumenmu
    ceoeu Mamepu, nomoMy wmo OHU yMepnu do eamezo poxdeHun, HO ebi
    eudenu ux cpomozpacpuu u 3 naeme, wmo o6 m,ecmeo u,enuno ux . Bama
    MaMa oweHb do6 pa9i , HO MHOZO pa6 omaem. C eamuM omu,OM eaM 6 b\ea -
    em mpydHO o6va,ambC9i , nomoMy wmo UHOzda OH xaxemcn danexuM . Bbi
    onucbieaeme , xax 3numecb Ha HEZO, HO ecnu ebi ebipaxaeme ceou znee,
    6 bi nyecmeyeme ce6 n euHoeumou. OdnuM U 3 eacuux nio6 uMbix demcxux
    eoaeoMUHanuu 6 bino mo , xax eama ceMbsi npoeoduna nemnue xaHuxynbi
    e nnmHOM doMuxe. 3mo 6 binu epeMena, xozda ebi nyecmeoeanu ce6n
    paccna6neHHO u 6 e33a6 omHO. BOM Hpaeunocb xodumb e mxony , nomoMy
    298 Hacrb 2 ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    wmo ywumboi eaM 6 bino nezxo , HO e IMKOJLE 6 bmo mpydHO , nomoMy wmo
    6 binacmo nyecmeoeana ce6 n HE /ioexo a ucmimbieanu cunbHyio mpeeozy .
    Bbi nodenunucb co MHOU , wmo ebi nep( peKu,uoHucmKa u Moxeme 6 b\wb
    oweHb cmpozuMU K ce6 e . Odno U3 COMBIX mme / ibix co6 bimuu e earned
    )KU 3 HU npou 3omno, xozda earn 603 / vo6 neHHbiu H 3 xonnedxa paccman -

    C5i c earn. Bw CKa3a /iu , wmo nyecmeoeanu , 6 ydmo eaiu Map pyiuumcn ,
    a wmo ebi 6 osinucb ebixoSumb U3 xeapmupbi e meweHue deyx nede /ib .
    Bauaa podumenu a dpy3 bji noMoznu em e smo mpydHoe epem. Ceuwac
    ebi Haxodumecb e omHouteHunx 6 onbiuou jno6 eu a noMone / ieHbi. Hedae -

    HO y eac 6 bi /io Hecxo / ibKO naHUHecxax amax , xomopbie eac Hanyzanu .


    HHOZDA ebi yeepeHb/, wmo earn xenux 6 pocum eac , xomn OH HUXOZDA ne
    daean eaM noeoda dyMamb , wmo OH HecwacmeH. OdHO o6cmo9imenbcmeo
    e eauaea >KU3HU, xomopan noMOzaem eaM cemac nyecmeoeamb ce6si
    cu / ibHou a yeepemoa e ce6 e , — 3mo mo, wmo ebi pa6 omaeme Had nony -

    weHue /w doxmopcxoa cmenenu . Bbi zopdumecb ceouMU docmuxeHutiMU .


    V\HOZDA ebi dyMaeme , wmo eaina 6 a6 yaaxa u ee podame / ia moxe zopdu-
    nucb 6 bi eaMu .

    no B03M0JKH0CTH HappaTHB C03flaeTCH B XpOHOJIOTHWeCKOM nopaziKe.


    ECJIH eCTb MHOrO TpaBMHpyromHX Co6 bITHH HJIH eCJIH HaCJieflHe KJIHeHTa
    o6niHpHO, TO HappaTHB MOJKeT 6bITb pa3pa6oTaH B TeneHHe HeCKOJIbKHX
    ceccHH. npn Heo6xo,n;HMOCTH ncHxoTepaneBT MoaceT npocMOTpeTb Happa -
    THB BMecTe c KJineHTOM , HTO6H y6eflHTbCH B ero TOHHOCTH. 3aTeM ncnxoTe-
    paneBT MoaceT npoHHTaTb no/ipofmbiii HappaTHB KJineHTy BO BpeMH O/IHOH
    HJIH HeCKOJIbKHX ceccHH. ARIGHT nejiaeTca Ha MezyieHHOM npo/usHHcemiH ,
    npejuiaran KJIHCHTV oco3HaHHo HCCJienoBaTb jno6we (JiH3HHecKHe omyme-
    HHH H SMOUHOHaJIbHbie peaKHHH, CBH3aHHbie C HappaTHBOM. 3aTeM 3TOT
    HappaTHB MOJKHO Hcnojib30BaTb fljin noMomH B BbiHBjieHHH pecypcoB, no-
    CTaHOBKe pejieii H pa3pa6oTKe njiaHa JieneHHH jum nepexo a K 3Tany neceH -
    ^
    CH6HJIH3aiIHH. BOT HeCKOJIbKO npHMepOB , OCHOBaHHbIX Ha npHBe eHHOM
    Bbirne HappaTHBe.
    ^
    Texyiyue cuMnmoMU
    • naHHHecKHe aTaKH
    • CTpax pa3pbiBa TeKymnx OTHomeHHH
    • nep J eKHHOHH3M
    ( )
    DiaBa 7 KyjibTypHbift KOHTeKCT 299

    IIojioMwnejibHue pecypcu
    Pa6oTa HaA AOKTOPCKOH AHCcepTauHeft
    IlOMOJIBKa
    IIpeACTaBJieHHe, HTO 6a6yniKa H AeAymica ropAHjmcb 6 bi BaMH
    HeTCKwe BocnoMHHaHHH 06 omycKe Ha 6epery Mopn
    TejiemaH Kyjibmypa u Kyjibmypme nacjiedue

    • EBpeftcKoe HacjieAHe
    • IIoTepfl ceMbH 6a6yniKoS no OTIJOBCKOH JIHHHH BO BpeMH XojioKocTa
    • Bbipocjia, >KHBH c 6a6yniKoii H nejxyuiKoik
    • U,eHHOCTb T^DKejioii pa6oTbi
    • YpoBeHb o6pa30BaHHH
    • IJejin jinn nepepa6oTKH TpaBMbi
    • HacjieACTBeHHan HCTOPHH TpaBMbi XojioKocTa
    • PaccraBaHne c B03Jiio6 jieHHbiM H3 Kojuiezpica H omymeHHe, HTO MHP
    pyniHTCH

    • MaTb MHOTO pa6 H He 6 bma TaK AOCTynHa, KaK BaM


    oTajia . xoTejiocb

    • C OTUOM 6bIJIO TpyAHO o6lU aTbCH, OH Ka3aJICH A&JieKHM, H Bbl HyB-


    ,

    CTBOBaJIH 3JIOCTb H BHHy.

    EMDR-TepanHH 6bijia HanpaBJieHa Ha TO, HTO6M noMOHb OTOH Kjmem-


    Ke HCCJieAOBaTb CBOIO HCTOPHIO, yrjiy6 jiHH ee TejiecHoe oco3HaHHe CBoero
    KyjibTypHoro HacjieAHH . OHa CMorjia noAKJHOHHTbcn K pecypcaM B CBOCM
    Tejie, a TaiOKe K o6 AHCKOM J
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    Mope(}) jieKCHH. 3TH Bonpocbi HanpaBjieHbi Ha nccjie OBaHHe JIHHHOTO OTHO-
    ^
    ineHHH ncHxoTepaneBTa K CHMnTOMaM CTpecca, ycTajiocTH OT cocTpa aHnn ,
    ^
    BHKapHOH TpaBMbI , BTOpHHHOH TpaBMbI HJIH SMOIJHOHaJIbHOrO BblTOpaHHH.
    DiaBa 8 JiHCTpyMeHTbi juia caMonoMomn ncHXOTepaneBTa 313

    YnpajKHeHHe AJIH noBbimeHHH TejiecHoft oco3HaHHOcra


    fljia ncHxoiepaneBTOB: Bonpocw K ncHxoTepaneBTy
    o JIHMHOM dpecce
    HaMAme MMHyTKy, HTo 6 bi npocMOTpeib oni/icaHna cipecca , ycrajiocTM
    OT COCTpaflaHMA , BMKapHOM TpaBMbl , BTOpMMHOM TpaBMbl M 3 MOI4 M -
    . McnbiTbiBaeie
    OHa /ibHoro BbiropaHMB JIM Bbi KaKoe - Hn 6yAb M 3 STMX
    nepexMBaHMM ? ECJIM Aa , TO KaK ?
    KaKne noBeAeHHecKMe , yMCTBeHHbie , SMopMOHajibHbie MJIM c() M 3 HHe -
    CKne CMMmoMbi cipecca Bbi ncnbiTbmaeTe ?

    KaKOBbi Baiun KOHKpeTHbie ya 3 BMMbie Mecia npn pa 6 oie c K /inema -


    MM ? BjlMfllOTJIM MCTOpMM OAHMX K /lkieHTOB Ha Bac CMJlbHee, HeM HCTO -
    pm ApyrMx ? KaKMM o 6 pa 30 M ?
    Edb /in y Bac KaKMe - /iM 6 o JiMHHbie TpaBMMpyioiAMe BocnoMMHaHMB
    MJ1M TpaBMbl npMBB 3 aHH 0CTM , B 03 HMKLUMe npM pa 60Te C KJlMeHT3 MM ?
    ECJIM Aa , TO Kax ?

    ECJIM Bbi nyBCTByeTe CBOIO yB 3 BMMOCTb npM pa 6 oTe c K /iMeHTaMM , KaK


    Bbi cnpaBJineTecb c STMM BOBPGMB ceccMM ?

    ECJIM Bbi nyBCTByeTe CBOIO ya 3 BMM 0 CTb npM pa 6 oTe c KJiMeHTaMM , KaK
    Bbi cnpaBJiaeTecb c STMMM nepexMBaHMBMM nocjie ceccMM ?

    HTO noMorajio BaM 3 a 6 oTMTbca o ce 6 e B npoLUJiOM ?


    HTO noMoraeT BaM 3 a 6 oTMTbca o ce 6 e ceMHac ?
    KaKMe TeXHMKM CaMOnOMOLAM Bbi XOTeJIM 6 bl A 06aBMTb B CBOIO >KM 3Hb?
    EcTb JIM KaKMe -JiM 6 o 6 apbepbi, KOTopbie MeiuaioT BaM 3aHMMaTbca ca -
    MonoMOLAbio ? HanpMMep, BaM TpyAHO HBMTM BpeMfl A-na ce 6a , TpyAHo
    paCCT3 BMTb npMOpMTeTbl MJ1M Bbi npOCTO CJ1MLUKOM yCTaeTe B KOHAe
    AHB , HTo 6 bi CAeJiaTb HTO -TO eme AJIH ce 6n ?

    CAMOnOMOIU, b IICMXOTEPAnEBTA
    KJIHCHTM c ncHXOJiorHHecKOH TpaBMOH nacTO npaxoAHT Ha npHeM, Haxo-
    AHCb B SKCTpeMajIbHblX|( ) H3H 0JI0 rHHeCKHX H 3MOUHOHaJIbHbIX COCTOBHHHX ,

    BKJiioHaa nyBCTBO noAaBjieHHOCTH , TpeBora , naHHKH , AenpeccHH, 6e3Ha-


    AejKHOCTH , SeCCHJIHH , OTHaHHHH HJIH AHCCOIJHaUHH . HHOrAa nCHXOTepaneBT
    314 HacTb 2 IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMeniaTejibCTBa

    MO ceT omymaTb HeKOToptie


    ^ m STHX nyBCTB KaK nacTb HacrpoeHHOH 3M -
    naTHnecKOH peaKijHH Ha KJineHTa. /JpyrHMH cjiOBaMH, ncHXO(J)H3HOJiorH5i
    KJineHTa MO ceT HaHTH OTKJIHK
    ^ y ncHxoTepaneBTOB. Baaaio 3HaTb, KaK BOC-
    CTaHOBHTbCH yMCTBeHHO, SMOIJHOHaJIbHO H ( )H3HHeCKH.J
    CaMoco3HaHHe omymeHHH /i;aeT ijeHHyio HHcJjopMaijHio o coMaTHnecKOM
    pe30HaHce, Korjja ncHxoTepaneBT HcnbiTbmaeT coMaTHHCCKHC omymeHHH,
    napajuiejibHbie nepeacHBaHHHM KJineHTa. HHoraa nocjie ceccHH ncnxoTe-
    paneBT nyBCTByeT, HTO 3acTpnji B TaKHx SMOUHHX H omymeHHHx. Co BpeMe -
    HeM 3TO Mo ceT npHBecTH K dpeccy, ycTajiocTH OT cocTpa aHHH , BTOPHHHOH
    ^ ^
    TpaBMe HJIH BbiropaHHio. BaacHO, HTO6BI y ncHxoTepaneBTOB 6BIJI cnoco6
    pacno3HaTb, Koima OHH nyBCTByioT noAKJiiOHeHHe K (J)H3HOJIO H KJineHTa.
    TaKoe oco3HaHne no3BOJiHeT ncHxoTepaneBTy Hcnojib30 BaTb CTpaTerHH ca-
    MonoMomH, HTO6BI BOCCTaHOBHTb 6ajiaHC Tejia H pa3yMa.
    TejiecHo-opHeHTHpoBaHHbm nojxxojx K EMDR-TepanHH oSynaeT ncn -
    xoTepaneBTa TOMy, KaK Hcnojib30BaTb Jimmyio TejiecHyio 0C03HaHH0CTb
    —
    Ann HciiejieHHH KJineHTa H ce6n. IIcHxoTepaneBTbi 3TO B nepByio onepezm
    JIIOftH , H OHH HeH36e)KHO npHBHOCHT CBOK) CoScTBeHHyK) HCTOpHK) B Tepa -
    neBTHnecKHH npoiiecc. MHorne npHxozmT B o6 jiacTb pa6oTbi c ncHxojiorn -
    necKHMH TpaBMaMH , HMen co6cTBeHHbie TpaBMbi. TepaneBTHnecKan pa6oia
    c KJiHeHTaMH BHBOAHT Ha noBepxHOCTb jiHHHbie Hepa3pemeHHbie npo6 jieMbi,
    TaKHe KaK TpaBMaTHHeCKHe BOCnOMHHaHHH HJIH TpaBMbi npHBH3aHHOCTH.
    OneHb Ba^CHO HMCTB cnoco6bi onpe/iiejiHTb, Kor a KJineHT 3anycKaeT JIH^ HBIH
    ^
    KOHTPNEPEHOC, H HMeTb no/mepacHBaioiijyio cpejjy, TaKyio KaK cynepBH3HH ,
    KOHcyjibraijHfl HJIH jiHHHaa ncHxoTepanHH, JUM o6pa6oTKH STHX CO6BITHH.
    HHoraa ncHxoTepaneBTbi npHMeHHioT BaacHyio BHeniHioio ncHxoSno-
    jiorHHecKyio peryjiHUHio
    ^JIH KJineHTa BO BpeMH ncHXOTepanHH. TejiecHO-
    opHeHTHpoBaHHan caMonoMOiim ejiaeT aKueHT Ha pa3BHTHH TH6KOCTH
    ^
    HepBHOH CHCTeMbI , Heo6xOJI,HMOH AJIH 3TOTO npOIjeCCa. IlCHXOTepaneBTbl
    OJI CHbl H3yHHTb CBOIO Co6cTBeHHyiO yH3BHMOCTb K 3aCTpeBaHHIO B CO-
    ^CTOHHHHX
    ^
    BblCOKOTO HJIH HH3KOTO B036y2CfleHHfl . HanpHMep, y nCHXOTe -
    paneBTa , crpa aiomero , MoryT B03HHKHyTb TpymiocTH
    c no aBjieHHeM
    ^peryjraijHHTpeBOHCHOCTbio
    npn pa6oie c KJIHCHTOM, KOTopbiH HcnbiTbiBaeT
    ^
    naHHKy B o(J)Hce, HJIH OH MoaceT nyBCTBOBaTb ociaTOK TpeBorn nocjie cec-
    CHH. IlcHxoTepaneBT, KOTopbift cocpeziOTaHHBaeTCH Ha caMoperyjrauHH BO
    BpeMH ceccHH , MO CeT CJiyJKHTb Ba CHOH MOReJlbK) /HJIH KJIHeHTa , n 03B0JIHH
    ^ ^
    4) H3HOJIOTHH ncHxoTepaneBTa 6biTb ^ocTynHbiM , cocpe^OToneHHbiM Ha Ha-
    CTOHmeM pecypcoM AJIH KJineHTa.
    DiaBa 8 WHCTpyMeHTbi AJIH caMonoMomu ncHxoTepaneBTa 315

    IIOAO6HO TOMy, KaK ojxna H3 uejiefl EMDR -TepanHH COCTOHT B TOM, HTO-
    6 BI noMOHb KJiHeHTaM pacno3HaTb paHHHe npH3HaKH Hcrpecca , caMono-
    ^
    Momb ncHXOTepaneBTOB Tpe6yeT TOTO ^ce HaBbiKa. IIocKOJibKy ncnxoTepa-
    neBTbi cnoco6Hbi pacno3HaBaTb He6ojibniHe H3MeHeHHH B Tejie , yMe H SMO-
    UHHX, OHH MoryT jiynme 3aAeiicTBOBaTb pecypcbi, npeaeae neu OHH 6 yjxyT
    no/ jaBJieHbi CTpeccoM HJIH HCTomeHbi ycTajiocTbio OT cocTpa aHHH. B H e-
    ^
    ajie ncHxoTepaneBTbi MoryT npHMeHHTb npeBeHTHBHbm UOJXXOJX , peajiH3yn
    ^
    njiaH caMonoMonj, HJX o pa3BHTHH raacejibix CHMOTOMOB CTpecca, ycrajiocTH ,
    BTOpHHHOH TpaBMbI HJIH SMOIlHOHaJIbHOTO BblTOpaHHH.
    HHjj,HBHAyajibHbiH UOJXXOJX K caMonoMoni,H npe/nnojiaraeT 3HaHHe ce6n ,
    npH3HaHHe CBOHX noTpe6HocreH H acJxjjeKTHBHoe pearnpoBaHHe Ha OTH
    noTpe6HOCTH. EojibiHHHCTBy ncHXOTepaneBTOB, 3aHHMaiomHxcH jieneHHeM
    ncHxojiorHHecKHx TpaBM , 6 y/ieT nojie3HO BbinojiHHTb npoije,zi,ypbi JXO H no-

    cjiepa6oTbi, HTOSM noATOTOBHTbcn K ceccnnM H CHHTB Hanpn ^ceHHe B KOH -


    ue JXHH. 3TO Tpe6yeT 3HaHnn co6cTBeHHbix npnjiHBOB H OTJIHBOB SHepran ,
    6
    HTO M cooTBeTCTByiomHM o6pa30M opraHH30 BaTb CBOH jxeub . B TeneHHe
    AHH MoryT 6biTb peryjinpHbie nepnoAbi BpeMeHH , KOiyja BBI nyBCTByeTe ce6n
    SHeprHHHbiMH H roTOBbiMH cnpaBHTbcn c Tpy HOCTHMH, a TaK >Ke nepnojibi,
    ^
    Korjia BaM Hy KHO npHTopM03HTb H OTjxoxnyjb. HanpHMep, npn BKjnoneHHH
    ^
    ynpa >KHeHHH B Barn njiaH caMonoMomn pa3yMHO 3HaTb BpeMH JXUU , KOTopoe
    6yjieT HaH6ojiee ycneniHbiM JXJIU Bac. HeKOTopbie JIIOAH npeAnoHHTaiOT xo-
    JXUTb B CnopT3aJI paHO yTpOM , HTo6 bI nOJirOTOBHTbCH K HOBOMy £ HK), a JXPY-
    rne — pa6oTbi, HTo6bi CHHTB CTpecc. IIpHMeHHTejibHO K pa6oTe: ecjm
    nocjie

    Bbi KOHTpojinpyeTe CBOH pa6onHH rpacjjHK , cnpocHTe ce6n , KOTJXB Bbi nyB-
    cTByeTe HaH6ojiee BbicoKyio pa6oTOcnoco6HOCTb, a Kor a npe/ jnoHHTaeTe
    ^
    He pa6oTaTb. HanpHMep, HeKOTopbie ncnxoTepaneBTbi JHO6HT BCTpenaTbcn
    c KJineHTaMH BenepoM, a ApyrHM ncnxoTepaneBTaM CJIHIHKOM TpyzjHO ycno-
    KOHTbcn nocjie BcrpenH c KJineHTaMH B KOHije JXUU .

    CaMoco3HaHHe ncnxoTepaneBTa BKjnonaeT B ce6n onpe ejieHHe BUJXOB


    ^
    AenTejibHOCTH , KOTopbie nmaiOT HJIH 3apn caiOT Bac aHeprneH , H Tex , KO-
    ^
    Topbie onycToinaiOT HJIH HCTomaiOT Bac. HanpHMep, noHHMaHHe CBoeft
    HHTpOBepTHOH HJIH OKCTpaBepTHOH npHpO bl MO CeT n 03B0JIHTb BaM pa3~
    ^^
    pa6oTaTb peajibHbiH njiaH caMonoMomn , KOTOPBIH UOJXXOJXUT HMCHHO BaM.
    SKCTpaBepTbi, KaK npaBHJio, 3apn ^caiOTcn 3HeprneH, npoBO n BpeMH B MHpe
    H c jno bMH. 3TH ncHxoTepaneBTbi MoryT nepe3arpy caTbcn nocjie pa6o-
    ^
    ^ ^
    TbI 3aHHMancb o6mecTBeHHOH pa6oTOH . HanporaB, HHTpOBepTbi MoryT
    nyBCTBOBaTb HCTomeHHe , noceman o6nj;ecTBeHHbie MeponpnnTHH nocjie
    316 HacTb 2 ricHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    pa6oTbi. HM MO^ceT noTpe6oBaTbcn 6 ojibme BpeMeHH pa3MbimjieHHH


    H nepe3apnziKH.
    Baaaio OTMeTMTb, HTO HeKOTopbie ncHxoTepaneBTbi o6Hapy^cHBaioT, HTO,
    HecMOTpH Ha £o6 pbie HaMepeHHH , HM Tpy HO no3a6oTHTbCH o ce6e. 3TO
    ^
    MO>KET 6biTb npH3HaKOM noTpe6HOCTH B no /mep)KKe , TaKoft KaK cynepBH -
    3HH HJIH KOHcyjibTauHH. XoponiHH cynepBafoep —
    3TO TOT, KTO noHHMaeT
    Bac, BaniH yHHKajibHbie cjiaKTopbi CTpecca H TO, KaK OHH B3aHMoji;eHCTByioT
    c BauieS JIHHHOH HCTopneH, H noMoraeT BaM He m/ibKO roBopHTb o Barnen
    pa6oTe, HO H aHajiH3HpoBaTb BJIHHHHC TepaneBTHnecKOH pa6oTbi Ha Barne
    TejIO, yM H 3MOIJHH. CynepBaH3ep M02CeT 3aHHMaTbCH HHAyiJHpOBaHHblM

    KOHTpnepeHOCOM , CBH3aHHbIM C KOHKpeTHbIMH KJIHeHTaMH , n 03B0JIHH BaM


    o6pa6aTbmaTb jno6oe ocTaBmeecn HanpjDKeHHe, Kor a OHO omymaeTcn yM -
    ^
    CTBeHHO, 3M0ijH0HajibH0 HJIH (J)H3HHecKH. Bauia co6cTBeHHan ncHxoTepa -
    nnn M03KeT 3aTeM noMOHb BaM onpe/iejiHTb H o6pa6oTaTb ijejm , cBH3aHHbie
    C KOHTpnepeHOCOM H 6bIMH
    jno CBH3aHHbIMH C HHM naTTepHaMH COMaTH -
    necKoro HanpjDKeHHH , KOTopbie B03HHKai0T npn OTOM. Cjie/iyiomHH cnn -
    COK npe JiaraeT p CHCTBHH , KOTopbie MOJKHO npHHHTb H a/ianTHpoBaTb
    JJJIH pa3
    ^
    pa6oTKH
    ^
    Bamero co6cTBeHHoro HHjiHBHAyajibHoro njiaHa caMono-
    MOHJH H ycHjiHTb ero cjiejjyioineH TejiecHO-opneHTHpoBaHHOH TOXHHKOH ,
    “ MeHTajibHbiM (J) HjibMOM o caMonoMOiijH ncHxoTepaneBTa ”.
    Bnffpi caMonoMom,H ncnxoTepaneBTOB
    • On3HHecKHe ynpa^CHeHHH
    • IlporyjiKa HJIH noxojj
    • 3aHHTHH HOTOH
    • IIporyjiKH Ha npnpo^e
    • npHHHTHe BaHHbl
    • TeXHHKH JXJin nOBbimeHHH 0C03HaHH0CTH , HanpHMep MeZJHTaiJHfl
    • CynepBH3HH HJIH KOHCyjIbTailiHH
    • IlcHxoTepanHH
    • Macca^K
    • TaHiiibi
    • Hrpa Ha My3 HHCTpyMeHTax HJIH npocjiyniHBaHHe My3biKH
    biKajibHbix

    • HTeHHeKHHT
    DiaBa 8 & MHCTpyMeHTbi AJIH caMonoMomH ncHxoTepaneBTa 317

    • 3aHHTHe pa3HbIMH BHAaMH HCKyCCTBa


    • IIocemeHne o6mecTBeHHbix MeponpHHTHH
    • IlpocMOTp| ( ) HjibMOB HJiH TejienepeAan

    • BCTpeHH C APy3bHMH
    • Hrpbi
    • TpeHHHr HJIH MacTep-KJiacc
    • HaimcaHan
    •
    •
    ^ HeBHHK
    Hacjia CAeHHe 3AopoBoft , nuTaTejibHoii e/ joii
    ^
    • Zlpyroe
    Cjie yiomaH TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHaH TexHHica RJIH. ncuxoTepa -
    ^
    neBTOB, “ MeHTajibHbm (JmjibM o caMonoMomH ncHxoTepaneBTa ” , Bbinoji -
    HfleTCH B Tpn 3Tana H BKJnonaeT B ce6n C03AaHHe MeHTajibHoro (JmjibMa,
    B KOTOpOM Bbl BHAHTe, KaK Bbl yHaCTByeTe B CBOeM Co6cTBeHHOM HHAH -
    BHAyajibHOM njiaHe caMonoMomH. /Io6aBjiHHTe jiio6bie pecypcbi B STOT
    MEHTAJIBHBM J
    ( ) HjibM , noKa He nonyBCTByeTe ce6n yBepeHHbiM H CHJibHbiM.
    KaK TOJibKO Bbi nojiynme MeHTajibHbm ( jmjibM TaKHM , KaKHM xoTHTe ero
    BHAeTb, npOKpyTHTe ero nepeA CBOHM MbicjieHHbiM B3opoM , nocTOHHHO
    Ao6aBJiHH npoueAypy BLS/ DAS, KOTopyio MO^CHO BbinojiHHTb caMoeron -
    TejibHO, nocTyKHBan no 6eApaM , npuMemra TexHHKy “ 06wrae 6a6oHKH ” ,

    nyjibcaTopbi Tac/ AudioScan HJIH HayniHHKH. 06n3aTejibHO BHHMaTejibHO


    CJieAHTe 3a CBOHMH (J)H3HHeCKHMH OmymeHHHMH BO BpeMH HCn 0JIb30BaHHH
    npoueAypbi BLS/ DAS. ECJIH BBI 3aMerajm KaKOH - jm6o HeraTHBHbiii Ma -
    TepHaji , npeKpaTHTe ee Hcnojib30BaHHe H npHBJieKHTe 6ojibine pecypcoB,
    npejKAe neM BepHyTbcn K MeHTajibHOMy cjmjibMy.

    TejiecHO -opHeHTHpoBaHHaH TexHHKa


    AJIH ncHxoTepaneBTOB: MeHTajibHbm |
    c )HJibM o caMonoMomH
    ncHxoTepaneBTa
    .
    LLlar 1 Pe 4> JieKCMfl
    Hai^ Ame MUHyTKy, mo 6 bi noflyMaib o cBoefi CO 6 CTB 6 HHOM 3 Heprnn M O
    TOM , KaK OHa npn 6 biBaeT M y6 biBaeT B Tenehme AHA . KOTAS y Bac 6 o/ib-
    Lue Bcero d n e p r m p,nn aKTUBHOM caMonoMOLAM ? KorAa BaM Jiynwe Bcero
    318 Hacrb 2 GP IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibcrea

    no3 a 6oTMTbcq o ce 6 e ? lloAyMaHTe o BHAax AeflTe /ibHOCTH, KOTopbie Han 6 o -


    Jiee 3 c|) 4> eKTMBHbi ftna nepe 3 arpy3 KM v BOCCTaHOB /ieHHfl cn/i. ripocMoipme
    MeTOAbi caMonoMoiAM B cnucKe , npMBeAeHHOM Bbinie. Kaxue ynpaxHeHkm
    BaM 6 ojibiue Bcero HpaBsrrcfl ? B KaKoe BpeMsi AHA ziynwe Bcero npnMeHHTb
    3TH ynpaxHeHna ? B Kaicne AHH HeAe/w BaM 6 bmo 6 bi no/ie3 HO A 6 aBHTb
    6 o/ibLue ynpaxHeHuPi no caMonoMomn ? Kaxue ASHCTBHA Bbi cMoxeie °
    ocymecTBmb HeMeA -fisHHO , a KaKHe AencTBHH BaM npnAeicn npoBOAmb
    co BpeMeHeM ? ECJIH xoime, BbiAenme Hecxo/ibKO MHHyT, mo 6 bi 3 anncaTb
    CBOH MAeaPbHbiti pacnopflAOK yxoAa 3 a co 6 on , yxa 3 aB xoHxpeTHoe BpeMH
    H AHM A-na Bbi 6 paHHbix BaMH ynpaxHeHi/m.

    lilar 2. MeHTa^bHbm <J> mibM


    Tenepb npeACTaBbTe ce 6 e cfjH /ibM, B KOTOPOM Bbi ncno /ib3yeTe CBOH n /iaH
    caMonoMoiAn Ha npeACTOflmen HeAe/ie. 06 paTi/rre BHHMaHHe Ha TO, HTO Bbi
    nyBCTByeie , o neM AyMaeie H HTO McnbiTbiBaeTe B CBoeM Te/ie. Y6 eAHTecb,
    MTO y Bac ecTb BpeMH , mo 6 bi noAx/iiOHHTbCfl K CBOHM OLAymeHMHM H no -
    3 B 0 /imb CBoeMyieny OTpaxaTbTO , HTO Bbi nyBCTByeTe .

    ripuMenaHHe. KaK ronbKO Bbi nonywre MeHranbHbm tywibM raxm, xaxnM XO -


    wre era Buperb, npepcraBbre ero, Bbino/ iHHn npopepypy BLS/ DAS Ha sceM
    ero npornxeHm n noBropsw ee rpn- narb pa3. Mexpy xaxpbiMH cepxiBMH
    BbinojiHmre npoBepxy, nro6 bi yBuperb, cranxmaerecb m Bbi c xaxoxi -rw 6 o

    KOHTaMMHapMefi no3MTMBHoro COCTOBHHB. npoponxaure po rex nop, noxa


    oipyipenne no3 nrxiBHoro COCTOBHHB pacrer. Kax ronbxo BaMypacrcn noppep -
    >xmaTb no3 MTMBHoe cocroBHue B MemanbHOM cpxmbMe, po6aBbre nocnep -
    HHH war, xoTopbiM exmonaer B ce6n co3paHue HOBoro MbicneHHoro (pn/ ibMa
    c B03 M 0 XHbiMM npenurcrBHfiMH. Baxno mymATb noTeHpua/ ibHbie rpypHocrn,
    c xoTopbiMH Bbi Moxere cTo/ ixHyTbCfi , xorpa 6ypere npepcraBJiarb CBOXI nnan
    camnoMOipn. flo6aBbre jiio6bie pecypcbi , xoropbie Moryr BaM noHapo6nrb -
    c», HTo6bi ycnewHO peanmoBarb sror nnan. Kax TOJIBXO Mbic / ieHHbw cpxuibM
    oxaxercB nonoxwrenbHbiM , 3anycrme ero rpu -nfirb pa3 c npopepypon BLS/
    DAS. Mexpy xaxpbiMM cepxmMH BbinojiHfifire npoBepxy, nro6bi yBnperb,
    CTanxHBaerecb m Bbi c xaxoH -mi6o xoHTaMHHapxiexi no3 xmiBHoro COCTOB -
    HHB. npoponxame po rex nop, noxa nonoxurejibHoe cocroBHXie pacrer.

    lilar 3. ripenflTCTBHfl
    Tenepb noAyManTe , ecTb /in HTO -TO, HTO MoxeT noMewaTb Bbino /iHeHnio
    n /iaHa caMonoMomn . Kax Bbi 6yAeTe npeoAO/ieBaTb STOT 6 apbep Ha nyTn
    DiaBa 8 GP PlHCTpyMeHTbi AJIH caMonoMomu ncnxoTepaneBTa 319

    K caMonoMOL M ? KaKOM Bbi 6 op Bbi cfle /iaeTe ? llpeACTaBbTe ce 6 e HOBUM


    ^
    ( ) HJlbM , B KOTOpOM Bbl BUflHTe , KaK Bbl CnpaBJlfleTeCb C npermTCTBMflMH .
    |
    06 paTme BHUMaHne Ha TO, HTO BBI BUflUTe , KaK nyBCTByeTe , o neM AyMa -
    e i e M HTO HcnbiTbiBaeTe B cBoeM iene . Y6 eAHTecb , HTO y Bac ecTb BpeMH ,
    HT06 bl nOAK /lfOHHTbCfl K OLAymeHMflM B BanieM T e j i e .

    TEJIECHO - OPHEHTHPOBAHHAH
    CAMOnOMOIUb UEPEJl CECCHEM
    ncHxoTepaneBTOB BaACHO noAroTOBHTbcn K ceccHAM, yjxejmn Bpe -
    MA nOAKJIIOHeHHIO K CBOHM CC)6cTBeHHbIM pecypcaM AO BCTpeHH C KJIH -
    eHTaMH.3TOT npouecc MOACCT BKAionaTb B CE6A yTpeHHioio pyTHHy
    nHCbMeHHbix ynpa CHeHHH HAH TCXHHKH BHHMaTejibHOCTH. KpoMe TOTO ,
    ^
    ncHxoTepaneBTaM MOACCT noTpe6oBaTbCA CAepAcaTb nepeACHBaHHA H nyB-
    -
    CTBa H3 3a AHHHbIX CTpeCCOBbIX Co6 bITHH AO pa6oTbI C KAHeHTaMH. KpoMe
    TOTO , eCAH Bbl nOTpaTHTe HeCKOAbKO MHHyT Ha TO , HTo6 bI COCpeAOTOHHTb-
    CA Ha 3a3eMAeHHH , 3TO nOMOACeT BaM nOArOTOBHTbCA K HHTeHCHBHOMy
    AeneHHK) nCHXOAOTHHeCKOH TpaBMbl. IIpH ACeAaHHH Bbl MOACeTe yCHAHTb
    3TOT pecypc c noMombio caMOCTOATeAbHOH BbinoAHAeMofi npoueAypbi
    BLS/ DAS.
    CAeAyioman TeAecHO - opneHTHpoBaHHaA TexHHKa , “ McaeAAiomaA
    pOAb C0 I03HHK0 B B CaMOnOMOmH ” , BbinOAHAeTCA B ABa 3Tanai Bbl C03AaeTe
    CBOK) co6cTBeHHyio KOMaHAy AHHHbix COK)3HHKOB, a 3aieM npeACTaBAAe -
    Te , Kax OHa noAAepACHBaeT Bac B pa6oTe c KAneHTaMH. HanoMHHM , HTO CO -
    I03HHK — 3TO npeACTaBACHHe nOAOACHTCAbHblX KaHeCTB , KOTOpbie MOACHO
    Haft B peaAbHbix AIOAAX ( ACHBBIX HAH yMepniHx ), AyxoBHbix ( jmrypax ,
    ACHBOTHbIX , nepCOHaACaX H3 (J)HAbMOB HAH KHHT, HaCTaBHHKaX H 3a6oT -
    AHBblX pOACTBeHHHKaX. TaKACe MOACeT 6 bITb nOAe3HbIM HMeTb BH3yaAb-
    Hbie H3o6 paACeHHA HCIjeAAIOmHX C0 I03HHK 0 B B BailieM 0(}) HCe , HanpHMep ,
    ( ) OTorpa ( ) HK) AK) 6 HMOTO neAOBeKa , yBaAcaeMoro yHHTeAA HAH AK> 6 HMO -
    J J
    ro ACHBOTHOTO. TOHHO TaK Ace, KaK Bbl HayHHAHCb 3aCTaBAHTb KAHeHTOB
    onpeAeAATb MecTa AAA CBOHX COK>3HHKOB, BaM MOACCT 6 biTb noAe3HbiM
    pa3MemaTb CBOHX HCACAAIOIAHX COK)3HHKOB B npocTpaHCTBe, KaK BO BMe-
    maTeAbCTBe 26 “ MHCTaAAAijHA pecypcoB AAA nacTH AHHHOCTH C noMO -
    iUbio KOMaHAbi COK>3HHKOB H3 Tji 3 Bbi 5. Boo6 paAcaeMbie COK>3HHKH MoryT
    pacnoAaraTbCA BOKpyr Barnero 4> H3HHecKoro TeAa HAH B BarneM O(J) H -
    ce. HanpHMep , BBI MOAceTe noMecTHTb coio3HHKa 3a CBoeft cnHHoft HAH
    320 HacTh 2 IIcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    Meac
    ^y B3MK H KJIHeHTOM. IlOMHHTe, nTO C0I03HHKH MOryT 6bITb pa3HbIMH.
    Bbi MoxeTe npocMOTpeTb cnncoic COIO3HHKOB H AonojiHHTb ero no Mepe
    Heo6xOflHMOCTH .

    Te^ecHO - opHeHTHpoBaHHan TexHHica


    AJia ncHXOTepaneBTOB: Hcpejunomaa pojib COIO3HHKOB
    B caMonoMom,H

    LLIar 1. Co 3flaHne KOMaHflbi COK>3HMKOB


    IloflyMaMTe o 6/IH3 KOM nenoBeKe, BbiflaiomeMca Ky/ibTypHOM fleBTene,
    MdopnHecKOM AeBTene H /IH BbiMbimxieHHOM nepcoHaxe , KOTopbm BOC -
    npMHMMaeTCB noKpoBmenbCTBeHHbiM, MyflpbiM , 3 a 6 oT/inBbiM, 6 e3 onac -
    HbiM n /w McnenBioLpuM. Kaxi/iMH KanecTBaMH n/in cBoncTBaMH 3Toro ne /io -
    BeKa Bbi BocxnmaeTecb? ECTIH Bbi He MoxeTe BcnoMHHTb KOTO -TO, TO Kaxan
    KapTMHa HT1H o 6 pa 3 MOT/IM 6 b! O/lMpeTBOpBTb 3TH KaMeCTBa ? KaK TO /lbKO
    Bbi Haw /IM C 0 KD 3 HMKa , HaMflMTe BpeMB , HT06 bl Bbl 6 paTb , rfle Bbi XOTeJIH 6 bl
    nOMeCTMTb 3 TOTO COK) 3 HMKa B TipOCTpaHCTBe BOKpyr Ce 6 B . XOTeJIM 6 bl Bbi,
    HT06 bl 3T 0T C0I03 HHK 6 blJI BnepeflM, c 60 Ky HJIM n 03 aflM 3TOM H 3 CTH Bac ?

    .
    flpuMeaaHne fl,o6aBbre Koporwe cepnn caMOCToareabHbix npopepyp
    BLS/ DAS or rpex po nam pa3 no 8- 15 cexyhip, aro6bi 3axpennTb STOT pe -
    cypc . Korpa Bbi 3aK0Hanre, BepHure CBoe co3 HaHwe B Ka6xiHer.
    Edb jin eme oflMH penmenb HJIH COIO 3HHK, KOToporo Bbi xoie/in 6 bi flo 6a -
    Bmb B CBOKD rpynny pecypcoB ? Bbi MoxeTe flo 6 aBHTb cranbKO noflflepxn -
    BaioiAnx cpnryp B CBOIO KOMaHAy COIO3HHKOB , cxo /ibKO 3 axoTHTe.
    flpuMeaaHHe. /\o6aBbTe xoporme cepnn npopepypbi BLS / DAS pna caMO -
    CToarenbHoro Bbino / iHeHHa or rpex po narb pa3 no 8- 15 cexynp , aro6bi
    3axpenxiTb STOT pecypc . Korpa 3aK 0 Hame , BepHMTe CBoe C03 naHne B xa -
    5 nHer.

    War 2. noflroTOBKa K ceccnn


    Tenepb npeAdaBbTe, HTO Bbi BMAme CBOUX COIO 3 HHKOB PBAOM C CO -
    6 OH, noxa HaxoAmecb B CBoeM ocpuce . 06 paTme BHnMaHne Ha TO , HTO
    BBI MyBCTByeTe , HeM AyMaeTe n HTO ncnbiTbmaeTe B CBoeM Te/ie. Y 6 e -
    o
    AMTecb, HTO y Bac ecTb BpeMB , HTo 6 bi npnc /iywaTbCfl K CBOHM omymeHn -
    BM , n nycTb Baine Teno OTpaxaeTTO , HTO Bbi nyBCTByeTe. l1o 3 BOTibTe ce 6 e
    DiaBa 8 HHCTpyMeHTbi min caMonoMomH ncHXOTepaneBTa 321

    nonyBCTBOBaTb, HTO 3 HaHm no /iyHMTb noAAepxKy, KorAa Bbi roTOBmecb


    K pa 6oie c K/iMemaMH. no3 BO/ibTe KOMaHAe noAAepxKH o 6 ecneMmb Bac
    3a 6 oTOM M 3aiAHT0 ki .

    ripHMenaHHe. BbinojiHure KoporKue cepm caMOCToarejibHbix npoiieayp


    BLS / DAS or rpexfio nam paa no 8- 15 cexynjo,, vro6bi aa /cpennib aror pe-
    cypc. Korfla aa /con ^re, BepHure CBoe coa /vanne a Kabmer.

    TEJIECHO- OPHEHTHPOBAHHAH
    CAMOnOMOIIXb no BPEMfl CECCHH
    PeajibHOCTb pa6oTbi c ncnxojiorHHecKOH TpaBMOH 3aKJiiOHaeTCH B TOM ,
    HTO ncHxoTepaneBTbi o6inaiOTCH c KJineHTaMH , KOTopbie HcnbiTbmaiOT
    KpaiiHHe H HypHTejibHbie 3MOH,HH , TaKHe KaK 6ecnoMomHOCTb, 6e3HaA,ejK -
    3
    HOCTb, OTHa HHe , H30JI5IIJHH , OAHHOHCCTBO, HecnpaBeAJiHBOCTb, o6MaHy-
    ^
    TOCTb , CTpa aHHe, npocTb H 3JIOCTB. MHorAa KJiHeHTbi TepniOT Bepy B CMBICJI
    ^
    HJIH uejib JKH3HH. B TaKHX cjiynanx caMonoMomb ncHxoTepaneBTOB MOJKCT
    BKJnonaTb CBH3b c jiK)6 biM CMHCJIOM HJIH pecypcoM , KOTopbiH noMoraeT HM
    OpHeHTHpOBaTbCH B nCHXOJIOTHHeCKHX TpBBMaX, nOTepHX H CTpaAaHHHX,
    He 3auHKJiHBaiicb Ha Kjmemax . TaKOH npouecc co3AaHHH CMbicjia He HB-
    JlfleTCfl HeM -TO, HeM HyJKHO AeJIHTbCH C KJIHeHTaMH , nOCKOJIbKy 3TO MO CeT
    ^
    noMemaTb npoueccy HX jieneHHH. Cxopee, 3TOT npouecc cjiyjKHT pecypcoM ,
    noMoraiomHM ncHxoTepaneBTaM coxpaHHTb CBH3b c KjineHTaMH, KOTopbie
    HcnbiTbiBaioT 6ojib.
    HHorAa ncHxoTepaneBTbi CJIHIHKOM CHJIBHO noAKJnonaiOTCH K 3acrpHB-
    HIHM HJIH 3aMKHyTbIM COCTOHHHHM KJiHeHTa. Il03T0My TBK^Ce BaJKHO HMCTb
    CTpaTerHH Bbixo a H3 coMaTHnecKoro 3Aecb ncnxoTe-
    npoijecca KJiHeHTa.
    ^
    paneBT 3aAeiicTByeT jiHHHbie pecypcbi caMonoMomH, HTO6H cocTpa aTejib-
    HO OTJiHHaTbCH OT KJiHeHTa. H| J
    ^
    ( )( )epeHUHaiiHH no3BOJiHeT ncHxoTepaneBTy
    ^
    C03HaTeJIbH0 OTAeJIHTb CBOH COMaTHHeCKHH pe30HaHC H COCTOHHHe B03-
    6y^tcAeHHH OT COCTOHHHH KJineHTa. PoTHiHjibA [ Rothshild, 2006 ] npeAnojia-
    raeT, HTO npe3MepHoe conyBCTBHe MoaceT HMCTB HeraTHBHbie nocjieACTBHH.
    HTO6M BbIHTH H3 3aMKHyTOTO HJIH AHCCOIJHaTHBHOrO COCTOHHHH KJiHeHTa,
    ncHxoTepaneBT AOJDKCH CHanajia HanaTb c noncKa pecypcoB H nepe3apHA -
    KH ce6n. Bbi MOJKeTe npeACTaBHTb ce6e OTOT npoiiecc KaK Ha eBaHHe co6-
    ^
    CTBeHHOH KHCJIOpOAHOH MaCKH BO BpeMH OnaCHOTO nOJieTa. KaK TOJIbKO
    y Bac noHBHTCH co6cTBeHHbie pecypcbi, BBI CMOJKeTe jiynme yaoBJieTBopflTb
    322 HacTb 2 G? ncHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    noTpe6HOCTH Apyroro nejiOBeica. Bo BpCMH ceccHH npoijecc AHcjxjjepeHijH -

    auHH BKJnonaeT B ce6n pacno3HaBaHHe Toro, HTO BBI KonnpyeTe no3y HJIH
    BBIPA^ceHHe Jinua KJiHeHTa, H co3HaTejibHoe H3MeHeHHe no3bi HJIH paccjia-
    6 jieHHe jiHueBbix Mbimij.
    Co6cTBeHHan HHTepoijenTHBHaH H TejiecHan oco3HaHHOCTb ncnxoTe-
    paneBTOB TaKJKe MO KCT cjiyjKHTb pyKOBOACTBOM K noBe eHHio Ha ceccnnx
    ^ ^
    H MO ceT npe/ ocTaBHTb BaaeHyio HH(J)opMaijHK) o TOM , icaic OHH pearnpyiOT
    ^ ^
    Ha KJiHeHTa. IlcHxoTepaneBT MOJKCT HccjieAOBaTb cnoco6 bi BbicBo6o>KAe-
    HHH jno6oro Bbi3BaHHoro coMaTHnecKoro pe30HaHca nocpeACTBOM Abixa -
    HHH H ftBHaceHHH. 3T0T npOIjeCC, B CBOK) OHepeAb, MOXeT HH| ( )OpMHpOBaTb

    KJIHeHTOB O TOM , KaK nOAAepJKHBaTb HX Co6cTBeHHyiO nCHXO(})H3HOJIOrHIO.


    HanpHMep, ncHxoTepaneBTbi MoryT npoBepHTb cBoe Tejio, c/ jejiaB niy6oKHft
    B£0X H OTMeTHB BHyTpeHHHe omymeHHH. B 3TOT MOMeHT ncHxoTepaneBTbi
    MoryT 3aMeTHTb acejiaHHe H3MeHHTb no3y, HJIH Haft He3aMeTHbie ABHace-
    HHH, KOTopbie yMeHbmaiOT HanpnjKeHHe, HaKonjieHHoe B . HHorAa STH
    Tejie

    AEFTCTBHH no caMonoMomn MoryT no6yAHTb KJiHeHTa nocjie OBaTb HX npHMe-


    ^
    py. CneAyiomaa TejiecHO-opHeHTHpoBaHHan TexHHKa JXJIR ncHxoTepaneBTOB
    npeAJiaraeT p#A TejiecHbix ynpaaoieHHft , KOTopbie noMoryT BaM ocraBaTbcn
    3a3eMjieHHbiMH , HaxoAHCb B KOMHaTe c KJiHeHTOM. Taxan caMonoMomb MO -
    TKQT noMOHb noAAepjKHBaTb ncHxo( > H3HOJiorHHecKyio peryjraijHio AJIH ce6n
    J
    BO BpeMH ceccHft. OHa MO>fceT Hcnojib30BaTbCH , ecjin BBI nyBCTByeTe ce6n
    3aMKHyTbiM, OTBJieneHHbiM , HcnbiTbiBaeTe AHCKOMC[)OPT B Tejie HJIH 3MOH;H -
    OHajibHO npoBOijHpyeTecb KJineHTOM. B OTHX ynpajKHeHHnx HeT nopn /HKa.

    IIonpo6yftTe BbinojiHHTb HX no OAHOMy, HTO6H yBHAeTb, nyBCTByeTe JIH Bbi


    ce6n 3a3eMJieHHbiM H npejjCTaBjraeTe ce6n H CBoero KJiHeHTa.

    -
    TejiecHO opHeHrapoBaHHaH TexHHKa
    7i;jia ncHxoTepaneBTOB: caMonoMomb BO BpeMH ceccHH
    • riOBblllJaMTe JlMMHyiO TeJieCHyHD 0 C 03 HaHH 0 CTb. EC/IM 3T0 KaxeTCfl
    yMecTHbiM , Bbi Moxeie onncaTb KJiMemy CBOM co 6 cTBeHHbie coMaTM -
    MecKne omymeHMB.

    • ripeABOxme K/ineHTy npoTecmpoBaTb CBoe co 6 cTBeHHoe jeno .


    • floAyMaMTe o /HO 6 OM JIMHHOM ocMbic /ieHnn MJIM AyxoBHOM nepcneK -
    TMBe , KOTopaB yBe/iMHUBaeT Bamy cnoco 6HOCTb BbiAepxuBaTb nyxoe
    CTpaflaHMe.
    DiaBa 8
    ^ HHCTpyMeHTbi AJIH caMonoMomn ncHXOTepaneBTa 323

    • HepeflyfiTe CBoe oco3 HaHne MexAy BHyipemnuM, BHeuiHkiM, mo -


    6aPbHblM COCTOflHkieM kl COCTOBHMeM CtJjOKyCHpOBaHHOrO BHMMaHklfl ,
    KaK B Te/iecHO - opneHTMpoBaHHOM TexHMKe ncMXOTepaneBTOB
    “ Ha 6pioAaTePbHbie HaBbiKM
    ncMXOTepaneBTOB ".

    • CAe^ aHTe HecKO/ibKO rpy 6 oKMX BAOXOB.


    • Oipery^ npyMTe ocaHKy.
    • rioLueBe^ me na /ibuaMM pyx M /MPM HOT.
    • MeA-neHHO pacKaHMBaMTecb M3 CTopoHbi B CTopoHy MPM nocryKkiBakiTe
    OAHOM Horoki, a 3 aTeM Apyroii, mo 6 bi cocpeAOTOHMTb CBoe BHkiMaHkie
    Ha HacToaiAeM MOMeHTe .
    • BbineHTe BOAbi .
    • ripeACTaBbTe CBoe PkiHHoe HCLjepeHHe ki noMOiAb COKD3 HMKOB, HaxoAB -
    LAklXCH pFIAOM C BaMH .
    • Boo 6 pa 3me, HTO Bbi HaxoAmecb B PMHHOM 6 e3 onacHOM Mecie, H no -
    3 B 0 bTe CBoeMy Te/iy noHyBCTBOBaTb pecypcbi H cnoKOMCTBMe .
    ^
    • Boo 6 pa 3 me, HTO MexAy BaMki M KPHGHTOM ecib rpaHkma , HanpkiMep
    npo3 pa >HHaa 3 ainmHaH cieHa, KOTopan no 3 BOP ?ieT BaM coxpaHHTb
    KOHTaKT M B TO Xe BpeMfl OCTaBaTbCfl 060 C 06peHHblM .

    • riepeBeAHTe B3I71HA Ha KaKOM - HM 6yAb npeAMeT B otjjnce, KOTopbm


    AaeT BaM pecypcbi, HanpkiMep, Ha pacieHkie, n 3 o 6 paxeHne coio 3 HkiKa
    kinH BHA M 3 OKHa .
    • 06 paTMTe BHHMaHMe Ha TO , xonkipyeTe PH Bbi BbipaxeHkie PMLia HPM
    nopoxeHkie Tepa xpneHTa , H pa 3 peLUMTe ce 6 e Bbi 6 paTb Apyroe Bbipa -
    xeHkie HPki no3y.
    • McnoPb3ykiTe CBOM co 6 cTBeHHbie ceHcopHbie HHCTpyMeHTbi, TaKMe xax
    acfiHpHoe Macpo , xaMeHb, KOTopbm Bbi MoxeTe AepxaTb B pyxe, MPH
    4> OTorpac|) MK) MPki o 6 pa 3, HTo 6 bi CMOTpeTb Ha TO, HTO flBPneTca A /IH aac
    3 a 3 eMPeHMeM.

    • llpHXMMTe CTynHM K nopy M axTHBkipykiTe MbHuubi HOT, HTo 6 bi nonyB -


    CTBOBaTb ce 6n 3a 3 eMPeHHbiM.
    • llopoxMTe pyKM Ha XMBOT MPM cepAue , ecPM Bbi nyBCTByeTe ce 6n yn3 -
    BMMblM MPM pa 3 ApaxeHHblM.
    • CAepaMTe rpy 6 oKMki BAOX , cocpeAOTOHkiBiiiMCb Ha CBoeM cepAUe .
    324 HacTb 2 llcHxoTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    ripoflBUTe Afo 6 flmyK) Ao 6 poTy CHanaAa K ce 6 e , a 3aieM npeflciaBbTe ,


    HTO 3TO HyBCTBO pacnpocTpaHaeTCH M Ha KJineHTa .

    B3A0XHHTe M CHMMme HanpnxeHMe c He /ifocTH , men M rop/ia.


    "
    M 3yHHTe BMemaTe/ibCTBO 2 , 0 co3 HaHMe 6/IM 30 CTM ", M o i p e r y m -
    pyMTe pacno/ioxeHMe CMAGHMM , HTo 6 bi noMOHb BaM noAAepxMBaTb
    BHMMaHMe , MCOieAyfl M o 6 cyxAafl pejinutMOHHoe BAMHHMe ABMxeHMH
    Ha K /iMeHTa .
    [1onpo 6yMTe cTOATb M ABMraTbCfl BO BpeMH ceccMM . llpexAe neM
    BdaTb , o6 cyAme STOT Bapi/iaHT co CBOHM KJIHGHTOM M noHa 6AK)AaMTe
    3a pe/l ^ AMOHHblM B03AeMCTBMeM ABMXeHMfl .
    3aMMMTeCb TeXHMKOM KOHTeMHMpOBaHMfl , nOMeLUaa JIMHHbie peaKAMM
    M 3 M 0 AMM B CBOM BOo 6 paxaeMbm KOHTeMHep AO Tex nop , noKa Bbi He
    CMOxeie o 6 pa 6 oTaTb MX nocjie ceccMM .

    TEJIECHO- OPMEHTMPOBAHHA5I
    CAMOnOMOIIIb nOCJIE CECCMM
    HHorAa, Aaxe HecMOTpA Ha TO, HTO ncHxoTepaneBT ncnojib30Baji CTpaTe-
    THH caMonoMomH AO H BO BpeMH ceccHH , OH Bee eme HcnbiTbiBaeT ocTaTon -
    Hbie SMOIJHH HJIH J
    ( ) H3HHecKHe omymeHHH , KOTopwe omymaioTCA cBA3aHHbi -
    MH c KJiHeHTOM. KorAa 3TO npoHcxoAHT, BaxHO HMeTb cpeACTBa \
    j jin o6pa-
    6OTKH HHAyiiHpoBaHHoro nepexHBaHHH H HAH AK)6OTO CBH3aHHoro
    / c HHM
    KOHTpnepeHOca. PoTiiiHAbA [ Rothschild, 2006] npeAAaraeT HcnoAb30BaTb
    3ApaBbift CMbiCA , KOTopbiii BKAioHaeT B ce6n pa3MbiniAeHHe HaA OTBeTaMH
    nocAe ceccHH , HTO6BI onpeAeAHTb, KaKHe nyBCTBa CBA3aHbi c nepexHBaHH-
    HMH KAHema, a KaKHe, CKopee Bcero, CBA3aHbi c BameS AHHHOH HCTopneH.
    HHorAa OTBeTbi npeACTaBAHiOT CO6OH KOM6HHau;Hio O6OHX BHAOB.
    ncHXOTepaneBTbi MoryT nyBCTBOBaTb ce6n xepTBaMH, KorAa OHH He-
    cyT Ha ce6e 6peMA npoijecca KAHema. 3TO MOxeT 6 biTb oco6eHHO BepHO,
    ecAH ncHXOTepaneBTbi nyBCTByiOT ce6n o6 peMeHeHHbiMH omymeHHHMH
    HAH o6pa3aMH , CBA3aHHbIMH C TpaBMHpyiOHJHMH Co6 bITHAMH KAHeHTOB.
    KpoMe TOTO, HeKOTopbie ncHXOTepaneBTbi nyBCTByiOT, HTO OHH 3apaxeHbi
    J
    nCHXO( ) H3HOAOrHHeCKHM AHCTpeCCOM KAHeHTa. 3T0 HyBCTBO MOACeT 6bITb
    OCo6eHHO CHAbHbIM y BbICOKOHyBCTBHTeAbHbIX HAH SMnaTHHHblX nCHXO-
    TepaneBTOB, KOTopwe BO BpeMH ceccHH npe3MepHO CHABHO conyBCTByiOT
    DiaBa 8 MHCTpyMeHTbi RJIK caMonoMomn ncuxoTepaneBTa 325

    CBOHM KJIHeHTaM. He3aBHCHMO OT npHHHHbl , KaK TOJIbKO Bbl nOHyBCTByeTe


    3TO ( )H3HHeCKOe OIUymeHHe , Bbl CaMH HeceTe OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a TO, HTo6 bI
    J
    -
    HTO TO C eJiaTb C 3THM UyBCTBeHHbIM COCTOAHHeM . HeM HyBCTBHTeJIbHee
    ^
    Bbi KaK ncHxoTepaneBT, TeM BaACHee 3a oTHTbcn 6 o ce6e AO, BO BpeMA H no-
    cjie ceccHH.
    UnoTjxa. MeHTajibHbie , 3M0 UH0HaAbHbie HAH coMaranecKHe nepeACH -
    BaHHA , BbI3BaHHbie KJIHeHTOM , MOTyT 6bITb BbICBo6oACAeHbI C nOMOmbK)
    pHTyajia B KOHue ceccnn HJIH Barnero pa6onero AHA. Cnejiyiouxue ne-
    Tbipe TejiecHO -opneHTHpoBaHHbie TCXHHKH AAA ncHXOTepaneBTOB —
    “ IIocjieAOBaTejibHoe BbiCBo6oACAeHHe (J}H3HnecKoro HanpAAceHHA ”,
    “ OraycKaHHe MaTepnajia KJiHeHTa ” , “ HcnoAb30BaHHe AHAHBIX CHjibHbix
    —
    CTOPOH H “ KoHTeHHHpoBaHHe KOHTpnepeHOca ” MoryT noMonb OCBO6O-
    AHTbCH OT Bcero, 3a HTO BBI Bee eiue AepACHTecb, npeACAe neM noKHHyTb CBOH
    ocjpHC. BO3MOACHO, BaM npH eTCH 3anncaTb 3TH cueHapHH HJIH nonpocHTb
    ^
    Koro- Hn6yAb nponHTaTb HX BaM , HTO6BI Bbi MOTJIH B nojiHOH Mepe HcnbiTaTb
    3TH TeXHHKH B nepBBIH pa3. KaK TOJIbKO Bbl OCBOHTeCb C 3THMH TeXHHKaMH ,
    Bbi MOAceTe HX no Mepe Heo6xoAHMOCTH B KOHue ceccHH HJIH
    Hcnojib30 BaTb

    B KOHije AHA . Bbi MOAceTe Hcnojib30 BaTb npoueAypy BLS/ DAS caMOCTOA -
    TejibHO Ha npoTAAceHHH Bcero ynpaACHeHHA HJIH AeJiaTb KOpOTKHe cepnn ,

    KorAa nonyBCTByeTe nojioacHTejibHbiii CABHT. ECJIH HanpAAceHHe craHOBHT-


    CA CHjibHee HJIH ecjiH Bbi nyBCTByeTe ce6n 3aTonjieHHbiM SMOUHAMH , ocTa -
    HOBHTe npoueAypy BLS/ DAS H ncnojib3yHTe co6cTBeHHyio H3OAAUHIO.
    ECAH Bbi He MOAceTe nonyBCTBOBaTb CABHT, npHMeHHB Bee 3TH TCXHHKH ,
    ajibTepHaTHBofi MOAceT 6biTb Hcnojib30BaHHe AAA ce6n BMemaTeAbCTBa 3,
    “ KoHTeHHHpoBaHHe coMaTHnecKoro AHCTpecca ” , noxa BBI He nonyBCTBye-
    Te ce6n cnoKOHHbiM H 3a3eMAeHHbiM. ECAH Bbi no- npeACHeMy He MOAceTe
    CAepACHBaTb ce6n , STO MOACCT 6BITB cnrHaAOM K TOMy, HTO6BI o6paTHTbCA 3a
    nOAAepACKOH B BHAe CynepBH3HH , KOHCyAbTaUHH HAH Co6cTBeHHOH nCHXO-
    Tepannn.

    TeAecHO - opHeHTHpoeaHHaH TexHHKa: nocjieAOBaiejibHoe


    BbicBo6oAC/i;eHHe <J)H3HHecKoro HanpHaeeHHH

    C ^ AbTe MAM BdaHbTe . Bo BpeMn BbinojiHeHM ^ 3Toro ynpaxHeHna Bbi MO -


    xeTe flepxaTb rna 3a OTKpbiTbiMH MAM 3aKpbiTbiMM. flpocKaHMpyMTe CBoe
    Teno 3 M 0 UM 0 HaAbH 0 , MeHTaAbHo M cf) M 3 MHecKM Ha npeAMeT Toro, HTO Bbl
    B AaHHbIM MOMeHT oco 3 HaeTe.
    326 HacTb 2 ricHXOTepaneBTHHecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    CAe/iafiTe nay3y noflyMaPiTe o /ito 6 bix 3 aTHXHbix omymeHnax B Te/ie,


    M
    KOTopbie Bbi 3 aMenaeTe nocne BCTpenM c K/iMemaMM. lloHyBCTByMTe, HTO
    npoMcxoflm B BameM Tene. l lo3 B 0TibTe /iK) 6 biM TenecHbiM oLAymeHMHM , KO -
    "

    Topbie Bbi oco 3 Haeie , pacaia 6 MTbCH, cneAyfl CBOHM MHCTMHKT3 M. ECTIM Bbi
    He 3 Haeie , HTO fle/iaTb , cneAyioLAMM cnMcox coBeTOB MoxeT BaM noMOHb. B
    3TOM cnHCKe HeT nopBflKa . Bbi MoxeTe McnoTib 30 BaTb OAHO MTIM HecKO /ibKo
    M 3 3TMX npeA-nOXeHMM B 3 aBMCMM 0 CTM OTTOTO , HTO KaxeTCH npaBMTlbHblM
    B AanHbiM MOMeHT. ripoAOTixaMTe MeA-nsHHO M oco3 HaHHO c /ieAOBaTb MM -
    nyjibcaM ABMxeHMH , noxa He nonyBCTByeTe ce 6 a noTiHbiM .
    • 06paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha /no 6 oe xe/iaHMe BcraTb MTIM noLueBe/iMTbCH.
    C^ eAyMTe TirodoMy xe/iaHMio ABMraTb no 3 BOHOHHMKOM M Ty/iOBMLAeM
    BnepeA M Ha 3 aA MTIM M 3 CTopoHbi B CTopoHy.

    • MoryTTiM BamM pyxM M HO noMOHb BaM CHHTb STO HanpaxeHMe ? EcTb


    TIM MMnyTlbC TOTIKHyTb , nOTHHyTbCH MJ1M BCTpflXHyTb KOHeHHOCTM ?

    " ECTIM 6bi BamM pyxM MOTTIM BbipaxaTb oLAymeHMe MTIM HanpaxeHMe ,
    XaX 6 bl OHM BbirnflABTlM M KaK 6 bl ABMraJlMCb ?

    • EcTb TIM o 6 pa 3bl, CTlOBa MTIM 3 ByXM, COOTBeTCTBytOLAMe OLAyiABHMHM


    HanpnxeHMB B BaiueM TeTie ? f1o3 BOTibTe ce 6 e M 3 AaTb 3Byx MTIM Bbipa -
    3 MTb HyBCTBO .

    • 06 paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha Tiio 6 bie HenpMHTHbie omymeHMH B xMBOTe ,


    rpyAM , ropTie MTIM roTiOBe. MoxeTe TIM Bbi npoBecTM pyxaMM no TIIO 6 OM
    M 3 3TMX o 6TiacTeM , KOTopbie HyxAaioTCB B 6 oTibLueM noAAepxxe ?

    " ECTIM Bbi McnoTib 3 yeTe ycrpoMcmo Tac /AudioScan AJIH caMOCTOHTeTib -
    HOTO BbinoTiHeHMB npoueAypbi BLS/ DAS , nonpo 6yMTe pa 3 MecTMTb
    nyTlbCaTOpbl HaA 3 aCTpflBLLieM 06TiaCTbK> HyBCTBMTeTlbHOCTM.

    • MoXeT TIM Bama KOMaHAa C 0I03 HMK0B npMMTM M noMOHb BaM CHflTb 3TO
    HanpaxeHMe ?

    • EcTb TIM KaKMe - HM 6yAb 3 aKTHOHMTeTlbHbie ABMXeHMB , KOTOpbie nOMOT -


    TiM6 bi BaM 3 aBepniMTb npouecc?

    ripuMevaHHe. CaMOCToare/ibHO Bbi nonmire xoporme cepnn npopepypbi


    BLS / DAS or rpex po nam pa3 no 8- 15 ce /cywfl, aro6bi 3aKpennTb STOT pe -
    cypc . Korpa Bbi noayBCTByere cnoKoncTBue, BepHure CBoe co3 HaHue B xa -
    6uHeT.
    DiaBa 8 HHCTpyMeHTw ana caMonoMomn ncnxoTepaneBTa 327

    TejiecHO -opHeHTHpoBaHHaH TexHHKa


    /pa ncHxoTepaneBTOB: oraycKaHHe MaiepHajia RJiHema
    CflAbTeHacTyne, npMHHByAo 6Hyio no3y. BoBpeMH Bbino/iHeHMH 3Toroynpax -
    HeHMfl Bbi Moxeie flepxaib ma3 a OTKpbiTbiMM c pacceaHHbiM B3mflA0M MJIM
    3 aKpblTblMM. 06paTHTe BHMM 3 HMe Ha KOHTaKT Mexfly BaLUMM TeJIOM M CTy-
    /IOM. CocpeflOTOMbTecb Ha CBOBM AbixaHMM, Ha 6 jitoflafi 3 a BAOXOM M BbiAO -
    XOM . 06 paTMTe BHMMaHMe , nyBCTByeTe JIM Bbi HanpaxeHMe rAe - n 6 o BTe/ie.
    ^
    06paTme BHMMaHMe Ha CBOM MNC /IM M 3MOUMM. Tenepb HaPiAme MHHyTKy
    M BM 3yaJ1M 3 HpyMTe, KaK 3TM M bl CXI M , 3 MOI4MM, HanpHXeHMe MX1M OLAymeHHB
    BbiCBo 6 oxAaK)TCfl M3 Baiuero Te/ia . OHM nepe3 MaKyuxy ro -
    Moryr BbiMTM
    XlOBbl, pyKM M KMCTM M /1M BbiMTM Hepe3 HOTM M CTynHM . llpeACTaBbTe , HTO Bbi
    MBTKO BbiCBo 6 oxAaeie 3Ty aHepmio, Mcnoxib3yn cxieAyiomne yTBepxAeHMfl.

    • 3 omycKaio Bee, mo He noMoraei MHe .


    • CeroAHB a AOCTaTOHHO noAAepxaxi CBOMX KXIMOHTOB.
    • 3 Bepio, HTO [ MMB K/lMeHTa ] MOXeT CnpaBMTbCB CO CBOMMM MblCXlflMM,
    HyBCTBaMM M OLAyLAeHMBMM.

    • Be yBaxeHMeM B 03Bpamaio [ MMB K /iMeHTa] Bee, HTO c 03HaTexibH0 MXIM


    6 ecco3Haie^ bHO npMHaA -nexMT MHe M eMy .
    BepHMTe CBoe oco 3 H 3 HMe K AbixaHMio M oTCKaHMpyMTe Jiio 6 oe 3aTHHyBLue -
    ecB HanpaxeHMe , KOTopoe Bbi, BO 3 MOXHO , nponycTMxiM. ECXIM Bbi npony -
    CTMXIM KaKoe - xiM 6 o HanpaxeHMe, noBTopnMTe STOT npouecc , noKa He no -
    nyBCTByeTe paccxia 6xieHMe M cnoKOMCTBMe B Texie.

    .
    flpuMenaHHe CaMocTonre/ ibHo Bbinonnme Koporxne cepm npopepypbi
    BLS/DAS or rpexflo nnrn pa3 no 8- 15 cexyHp, modbi aaxpenxiTb aror pecypc.
    Korpa Bbi nonyBCTByere cnoxoncTBue, BepHxire CBoe co3Hanne B Ka6mer .

    TejiecHo- opHeHTHpoBaHHaa TexHHKa /yia ncHxoTepaneBTOB:


    HCn0JIb30BaHHe JIHHHbIX CHJIbHbIX CTOpOH

    LUar 1. OnpeAe/ieHMe CXIOXHOM ceccMM


    CnAbTe Ha dyne, npMHBB yAo 6 Hyio no3y. Bo BpeMB BbinoxiHeHMB 3Toro
    ynpaxHeHMB Bbi Moxeie AepxaTb rxia 3 a OTKpbiTbiMM c pacceaHHbiM B 3i7ifl -
    AOM MXIM 3 aKpblTblMM . 06 paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha KOHTaKT MeXAy BaUJMM
    328 HacTb 2 ncnxoTeparieBTnqecKne BMemaTejibCTBa

    Te /ioM M CTy/iOM . CocpeflOTOMbTecb Ha cBoeM flbixaHMM, Ha 6 /iiOAan 3 a Bflo -


    XOM M BbifloxoM. HaMAme MMHyTKy noc /ie C /IOXHOM ceccMM. 06paime BHM -
    MaHHe , He ncnbiTbiBaeie m Bbi KaKoro - /iM 6 o 3 aTBHyBmerocfl 6 ecn 0 K 0 M -
    CTBa , Korfla AyMaeie o KOHKpeTHOM K /iMeHTe . 06 paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha CBOM
    MblCJIM, HyBCTBa M Te /ieCHbie OOtymeHHB , CBfl 3 aHHbie C 3TMM KJlMeHTOM .
    Edb JIM HTO -TO , OT Hero Bbi He xoTme 0TKa 3 biBaTbCB ? 06paime BHMMaHMe
    Ha CBOM (J) M 3 MMeCKMe OLAyiAeHMfl, KOTOpbie Bbi MCnbITbIBaeTe, pa 3 MblLU.Tlflfl
    06 3TOM . Tenepb CAe/iaMTe r/iy6 oKMM BAOX M omycTMTe 3TO .

    lilar 2. noAKJitOHmecb K pecypcy


    Tenepb CAe/iaine nay3y M BcnoMHMTe c /iynaM , KorAa Bbi xopowo cnpa -
    BM /iMCb c TpyAHOM ceccMePi M nonyBCTBOBa /iM ce 6n KOMneTeHTHbiM. HTO
    BBI AyMaeie , nyBCTByeTe MJIM OLAyLAaeie B CBoeM Te /ie ? 06 paTMTe BHM -
    MaHMe Ha CBoe AbixaHMe. KaKMe Baum CM/ibHbie CTopoHbi noMor/iM BaM
    B 3TOM CMTyauMM ? KaKoe no /ioxMTe/ibHoe yTBepxAeHMe CBB 33 HO C STMM
    BOCNOMMHAHMEM ? BO 3 MOXHO , Bbi Moxeie CKa 3 aTb ce 6 e : " H AOCTaTOHHO
    xopoiuMM ncMXOTepaneBT ", yBepeH B ce 6 e ” MJIM " 9\ cnoco 6 eH ycneiuHO
    cnpaB /mTbCB c TpyAHbiMM CMTyauMBMM HaMAMTe npaBM /ibHoe yTBepx -
    AeHMe , KOTopoe OTpaxaeT BaniM nyBCTBa , KorAa Bbi AyMaeie 06 STOM
    ycnexe. HatiAHTe MMHyTKy M no 3 Bo /ibTe cBoeMy Te/iy oipa 3 MTb TO , HTO Bbi
    nyBCTByeTe.

    .
    npMMevaHHe CaMOCToarenbHO Bbino/ iHure KopoTKue cepm npopepypbi
    BLS/ DASorrpexpo nnrnpa3 no 8- 15 cexynp, nro6bi 3aKpenuTbarorpecypc.
    Korpa Bbi nonyscTByere cnoKoticTBxie, BepHMTe CBoe coananne B Ka6mer.

    lilar 3. riepeicnioHeHMe pecypcoB


    Tenepb BepHMTe CBoe C 03 HaHMe K TpyAHOM ceccMM. 06 paTMTe BHMMaHMe
    Ha OLAyLAeHMB , B 03 HMKLUMe B BameM Tene. 06paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha TO, HTO
    BBI AyMaeie, nyBCTByeTe M oiAyiAaeie. BepHMTe CBoe BHMMaHMe K Abixa -
    HMK) . Edb JIM KaKMe - /lM 6 o M 3 MeHeHMH B BaiilMX OlAyLAeHMBX ?

    ripuMenaHHe. He BbinojinnuTe nmaxm npopepyp BLS / DAS.

    Bocno/ib3yMTecb MOMCHTOM, HTo 6 bi Mbic /ieHHO BepHyTbcn KTOMy BpeMeHM ,


    KorAa Bbi xopoiiio cnpaBM^ MCb c TpyAHOM ceccMeM M nyBCTBOBa /iM ce 6n
    KOMneTeHTHbiM. 06 paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha omyiAeHMB , B 03 HMKLLiMe B BameM
    Te/ie. 06 paTMTe BHMMaHMe Ha TO , HTO Bbi AyMaeie , nyBCTByeTe M oiAyiAaeie.
    DiaBa 8 G? HHCTpyMeHTbi 329
    ^JIH caMonoMoupi ncnxoTepaneBTa
    BepHme CBoe co3 HaHne K flbixaHmo M no 3 mMBHOMy yTBepxfleHmo , KO -
    Topoe conpoBOXflaeT STO BocnoMMHaHne. HaMAMTe MUHyTKy, HTo 6 bi nofl-
    KPIOHMTbCfl K 3T0 My HyBCTBy M n 03 B 0PbTe CBOeMy Teny 0Tpa 3 MTb TO, HTO Bbl
    HyBCTByeTe.

    npuMenaHne. CaMOCToare/ibHO Bbino/ iHure KopoTKue cepm npopepypbi


    BLS / DAS or rpex po naw pa3 no 8- 15 cexyHp , 4ro6bi 3axpenHTb STOT pe -
    cypc . Korpa Bbi nonyBCTByere cnoKoucTBue, Bepnme CBoe co3 Hanne B xa -
    6uHeT.

    Eme pa 3 BepHMTB CBoe co 3HaHne K TpyflHOM ceccMn. MTO Bbi 3 aMeMaeie


    B CBoeM Tepe cMecmpocb ? Ecib PM Kaxue -TO pecyp -
    ceMHac ? Hio - Hki 6yAb
    Cbl M 3 BaiPMX n 03 MTMBHblX BOCI IOMMHaHMM , KOTOpbie Bbl MOI71M 6 bl npMB -
    "

    HecTM B 3Ty cueHy, HTo 6 bi noMOHb BaM ? 11 o 3 BOPbTe CBoeMy Tepy oTpaxaTb
    TO , HTO Bbl HyBCTByeTe .
    .
    ripuMevaHHe CaMOCToarejibHO Bbino/ iHnre Koporme cepnn npopepypbt
    BLS / DAS or rpex po nam pa3 no 8- 15 cexynp , mo6 bi 3 axpennTb STOT pe -
    cypc, ec / m OH no3 MTHBHbifi . ECJIH pe3y / ibTar He aanaerca nonoxmenbHbiM ,
    ycrpanme Juo6bie ocTaBinueca Hapyiuenna, Mcno / ib3ya pna ce6a BMeiua -
    renbCTBO 3 ” " KoHretiHupoBaHHe coMarnHecKoropucrpecca " .

    TejiecHO- opHeHTHpoBaHHaa TexHHKa


    AJia ncHXOTepaneBTOB: KOHTeftHHpoBaHHe KompnepeHoca
    [IpeACTaBbTe ce 6 e KOHTeMHep, AOCTaTOHHO npoHHbm , HTo 6 bi BMecTMTb
    pio 6 bie ocTaBLUMecB CTpaAaHMP OT BameM ceccMM MPM AHH. lloMecTMTe
    pio6 bie npoBouMpyioiAMe MbicPM , BocnoMHHaHMS , SMOLIMM MPM TepecHbie
    OLAyiAeHMP B 3TOT KOHTeMHep . floroBopMTecb c CO 6 OM , HTO Bbi 6yAeTe
    pa 60TaTb C 3TMMM TpMrrepaMM , BOCnOMMHaHMHMM , MbICPHMM , 3 MOI4MHMM
    MPM TepeCHbIMM OLAymeHMBMM B XOAe CynepBM 3 MM , KOHCyPbTapMM MPM
    co 6 cTBeHHOM ncMXOTepanMM. CxaxMTe ce 6 e , HTO Bbi Bcero PMiPb nepo -
    BeK M HTO 3T0 HOpMaPbHO , K 0 TA 3 BaC npOBOU,MpyiOT KPMeHTbl . llOPyHMTb
    Heo 6 xoAHMyio noAAepxKy — STO HOpMaPbHO, M STO noMoxeT BaM pyniue
    noMoraTb KPMeHTy. llpeACTaBbTe , HTO Bbi 3 aKpbiBaeTe KOHTeMHep . CAe -
    paMTe rpy 6 oKMM BAOX M Ha BbiAoxe ocBo 6 oAMTecb OT ocTaBweroca Ha -
    npnxeHMH.
    330 HacTb 2 ricuxoTepaneBTHMecKHe BMemaTejibCTBa

    ripuMenaHHe . Earn BSM He nofixoAHT BTO BMeujare/ibCTBo no KOHrefi -


    HnpoBdHMK) Bbi Moxere Mcno/ ib30 BaTb Ann ce6n BMemarenbCTBO 3,
    ,
    “
    KoHTetiHMpoBaHMe coManwecKoro AMcrpecca" B KanecTBe anbrepHaruBbi.
    Korp,a Bbi nonyBCTByere cnoKoficTBue, BepHMTe CBoe C03 HaHue B Kabmer ,
    y6ep,HBUJHCb, HTO Bbi nyBCTByere ce6n 3 a3eMneHHbiM v\ roroBbi noKHHyrb
    CBOV\ OCpMC.

    PE3IOME
    JXaace caMafl jiynmaa caMonoMonjb He MoaceT nojiHOCTbio ycTpaHHTb
    CTpecc. Orpecc O6MHHO B03HHKaeT, Kor a >KH3HeHHbie noTpe6HOCTH ne-
    peBeniHBaioT npeAJio >KeHHe ,
    ^ KOTOPMM B AAHHOM cjiynae ABJIHCTCH BpeMH ,
    aHeprHH H pecypcbi ncHXOTepaneBTa. He . Ha caMOM
    BCHKHH CTpecc njiox

    Aejie, KorAa HaM He MemaiOT, MM nacTO nyBCTByeM cicyxy H 3acTOH. OJXHZKO


    He MeHee BaacHO 6 biTb HCCTHMMH c caMHMH CO6OH , xorAa MBI neperpy xe-
    ^
    HM H HcnbiTMBaeM He ocTaTOK pecypcoB. HeT HH OAHOTO ncHXOTepaneBTa ,
    ^
    KOTOpMH Bcer a nyBCTBOBaji 6 M ce6n KOMneTeHTHMM B pa6oTe c KB CAMM
    ^ ^
    KJIHEHTOM. TOHHO TaK }Ke , nOCKOJIbKy BCe MM JIIOAH , Mbi AOJiaCHM HeCTHO ro-
    BOpHTb O Tex MOMeHTaX B HailieH 2CH3HH , XOTAa Mbi CTaJIXHBaeMCfl CO CTpeC-
    COpaMH B JIHHHOH 2XH3HH , KOTOpbie MOiyT nOMeiHaTb HailieH CnOCo6HOCTH
    noMoraTb KjiHeHTaM. B HexorapoM CMMCJie, necTHOCTb c caMHM CO6OH HB-
    6
    JIHeTCH HaH oJiee Ba XHOH
    ^ J
    ( )OpMOH CaMOnOMOEHH H CTaHOBHTCH OCHOBOH
    Harneft co6cTBeHHOH CHOCO6HOCTH ycTaHaBjiHBaTb rpaHHijM , roBopHTb
    “ HeT” ApyrHM H , roBopHTb “ Aa ” caMHM ce6e. 3Ta peryjrap-
    xax cjieACTBHe,
    Han npHBep ceHHOCTb caMonoMomn noMoraeT HaM opneHTHpoBaTbCH B JIO-
    ^
    Byrnxax KOHTHHyyMa BbiropaHHH H no3BOjraeT HaM ocTaBaTbcn HCHHMM
    pecypcoM B o6 jiacTH jieneHHH ncHxojiorHHecxHx TpaBM.
    OTepetem pecypcofi

    CnHCKH
    Ha3Bamie Diasa
    COMaTHHeCKHH CJIOBapb 4
    IlaTTepHbi nocjieAOBaTejibHoro BBICBOSO^CACHHH H coMaTHHecKHH 4
    penaTTepHHHr
    3ianbi onpeAeJieHHH noTeHijHajibHbix uejieft 5
    rio CKa3KH flJIH H ,eHTH(J)HKaUHH HaCTeS JIHHHOCTH 5
    ^
    Tnnbl C0I03HHK0B
    ^ 5
    HeraTHBHbie H no3HTHBHbie KOTHHIJHH npn KOMIUICKCHOM 5
    nOCTTpaBMaTHHeCKOM paCCTpOHCTBe H TpaBMe npHBH3aHHOCTH
    Ynpa >KHeHHfl Rjm no/mepacKH caMonoMomH 6
    D,ejm nepepa6oTKH npn xpoHHHecKOH 6OJIH H 6ojie3HH 6
    HeraTHBHbie H no3HTHBHbie KOTHHIJHH , CBH3aHHbie c xpoHHHecKoii 6
    6oJIbIO H 6oJie3HHMH
    nCHXOJIOTHHeCKHe npHHHHbl BTOpHHHOH BblTORbl 6
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    B ncHXOTepanHH
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    KyjIbTypHOH TpaBMOH
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    IlpH3HaKH H CHMnTOMbI KOHTHHyyMa BblTOpaHHH 8
    BUJXU caMonoMomH ncHxoTepaneBTOB 8

    J JIfl CBOPA AHAMHE3A


    HHCTPYMEHTbl\
    Ha3BaHHe Diasa
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    332 nepeneHb pecypcoB

    Ha3BaHne Diana
    HccjieziOBaHHe Hacjie cTBeHHOH npHBH3aHHOCTH 5
    ^
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    ^
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    ^
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    Ha3BaHne Diana
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    ^
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    ( )( )

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    TEJIECHO- OPHEHTHPOBAHHblE
    TEXHHKH JXJm nCHXOTEPAIIEBTOB
    Ha3BaHHe Diana
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    ^
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    ^ ^
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    ^
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    coMaToceHcopHan , 76
    TaKTHJibHan , 76 in
    CoMaraKa XaHHbi, 225 IIlKajia
    CoMaTHnecKHH KOHTpnepeHOC, 85
    CoMaTHHecKHH pe30HaHC, 85; 101 ^Cy.OCTOBepHOCTH KOrHHIJHH, 31
    6 beKTHBHbIX e HHHU
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    .HByCTOpOHHH^, 31 3MOUHOHajibHoe nepetfCHBaime , 52
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    CTpyKTypHaH /mccoijHauHfl SMnaTHH , 45
    JIHHHOCTH , 184 STanbi EMDR -TepanHH
    3Tan 1, c6op aHaMHe 3a , 32
    T 3Tan 2 , no roTOBKa, 32
    ^
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    TajiaMyc, 49
    3Tan 4, AeceHCH6HjiH3ai HH , 33
    TamjeBajibHafl ncuxoTepaiiHfl , 47 ^
    3Tan 5, HHCTajuiHu;H5i, 33
    TejiecHaa KyjibTypa , 276
    3Tan 6 , cicaHHpoBaHHe Tejia, 33
    TejiecHO- ncHXHHecKaa TepanHH, 21
    3Tan 7, 3aBepmeHne , 34
    TejiecHOCTb, 42
    3Tan 8, nepeoijeHKa , 34
    Teopnfl npHBH3aHHOCTH , 57
    Teparran aro-cocTOHHHH , 184
    Y KHM3i onwcyeTbCH HOBaTopcbKMM niflxifl AO /iiKyBaHHH ncwxonoriMHMX TpaBM,
    mo noeAHye EMDR-Tepaniio 3 Ti/iecHo-opieHTOBaHoio ncMxoTepanieio. TyT BMKTia-
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    ^
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    HayKoeo- nonyjiKpHe eudanun


    IIlBapij, Apie/ib, MaM6eprep , Bap6

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    Tepanm, cnpHMOBaHa Ha ni BHU eHHH
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    ( Poc. MOBOK))

    nifliwcaHO AO ApyKy 23.01.2023. OopMaT 60x90/ 16


    YM. ApyK. apK. 22,0. 06A.- BHA. apK. 18,8

    BMAaBeub TOB “ HayKOBMM CBIT


    03164, M. KMIB, Byn. IeHepana HayMOBa , 6YA. 23- B.
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    aBTop KHi/irn Trauma and the Body and Sensorimotor Psychotherapy

    "Api/ia /ib LUBapu 1/1 Bap6 Mai/i6 eprep Hani/ica /ii/i HOBaiopcKyio, acHyio 1/1 i/icnepnbiBaioLnyK) KHi/iry,
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    nci/ixoiepani/ii/i, a 3aieM oni/icbiBaa opi/in/iHajibHbie Te/iecHO-opi/ieHTi/ipoBaHHbie BMewaie/ibCTBa.
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    coaBTop KHnri/1 Healing the Heart of Trauma and Dissociation with EMDR and Ego State Therapy

    "MHe peflKO BdpeMa /iacb TaKaa BcecTopoHHflfl, c 6a /iaHci/ipoBaHHafl 1/1 Ti aie/ibHO Hani/icaHHaa
    ^
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    ^
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    B o6 jiaai/i TenecHO-opi/ieHTi/ipOBaHHOi/i nci/ixoiepani/ii/i I/IJII/I xopoiuo pa 36 npaeiecb B Hen,
    3ia KHi/ira noivioweT 1/1 BAOXHOBI/IT Bac B pa 6 oie"
    Kpi/icTi/m Kojiflyawi, fl-p (jwjiococjwi/i, npo(|)eccop B 06/iacn/i Te/iecHO-opMeHTi/ipoBaHHoro
    KOHcy/ibTi/ipoBaHi/m, yHi/iBepcmeT Haponbi

    Apwa/ib UlBapM — nci/ixonor, cneMnajin 3i/ipyK)inaflCfl Ha Te /iecHO- ncnxnnee KOI/I Tepanni/i c /iowHoro
    nocnpaBMaTHHecKoro apeccoBoro pacapoi/icTBa 1/13 Boy/iflepa, LUT. Konopaflo .
    6ap6 Maw 6eprep — nwcaTe/ibHi/ma H npenoflaBaie/ibHi/iMa no EMDR-Tepam/ii/i, cnei4najii/i3i/ipyiomaflCfl Ha
    Te/iecHo - opneHTnpoBaHHOH nci/ixoTepam/iH B Boy /iflepe, UJT. Ko /iopaflo.

    ISBN 978-617-550-084- 2
    23005

    BH
    ^aBHHUTBO
    “HAYKOBHH CBIT” 9 786175 500842

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