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 and force, 413, 415-417;
contemporaries, table i
Leipzig, battle, issue, 35
Lenbach, Franz von, copyist, 295
Le Nôtre, André, gardening, 240n., 241
Leo III, pope, and iconoclasm, 262
Leochares, contemporary mathematic, 90
Leonardo da Vinci, astronomical theory, 69;
spirituality, 128;
Dutch influence, 236;
and background, 237;
and impressionism, 239, 287;
and sculpture, 244;
colour, 246;
and body, 271;
and portrait, 272;
as dissatisfied thinker, 274;
discovery as basis of art, 277-279;
and circulation of the blood, 278;
and aviation, 279;
Western soul and technical limitation, 279-281;
and dynamics, 414
Lessing, Gotthold E., world-conception, 20;
and cultural contrasts, 128;
and Aristotle’s philanthropy, 351;
and cult and dogma, 411
Lessing, Karl F., colour, 252
Leucippus, atoms, 135, 385, 386
Li, contemporaries, table iii
Licinian Laws, myth, 11
Life, and soul and world, 54;
duration, specific time-value, 108;
 duration applied to Culture, 109;
Classical Culture and duration, 132;
and willing, 315.
See also Death
Light and shadow, cultural art attitude, 242n., 283, 325n.
Light theories, electro-magnetic, 156n.;
Newton’s, and Goethe’s theory of colour, 157n., 158n.;
cultural basis, 381;
contradictory, 418
Limit, as a relation, 86
Linden, as symbol, 396
Lingam. See Phallus
Lingayats, sect, 136n.
Ling-yan-si, Saints, 260
Linois, Comte de, and India, 150n.
Lippi, Filippino, Dutch influence, 236
Liszt, Franz, Catholicism, 268n.;
contemporaries, table ii
Literature. See Art; Drama; History; Poetry; writers by name,
especially Dante; Goethe; Ibsen
Livy, on strange gods, 405
Lochner, Stephen, God-feeling, 395
Locke, John, and imperialism, 150;
contemporaries, table i
Loggia dei Lanzi, artistic sentiment, 272
Logarithms, liberation, 88
Logic, organic and inorganic, 3, 117;
of time and space, 7;
and mathematics, convergence, 57, 427;
and morale, 354.
 See also Causality
Logicians, contemporaries, table i
Lokoyata, contemporaries, table i
London, culture city, 33
Loredano, doge, portrait, 272
Lorentz, Hendrik A., and Relativity, 419
Lorenzo de’ Medici, and music, 230
Lotze, Rudolf H., ethics, 367
Louis XIV, uncleanliness, 260;
contemporaries, table iii
Louisiana, Napoleon’s project, 150
Loyola, Ignatius, and style of the Church, 148;
architectural parallel, 314;
and Western morale, 348;
God-feeling, 394, 395;
and method, 412
Lucca, and Arabian Culture, 216
Lucian, and Philopatris dialogue, 404n.
Lucullus, L., army, 36
Ludovisi Villa, garden, 240
Lully, Raymond, music, 283
Luther, Martin, and “know”, 123;
and destiny, 141;
as epoch, 149;
and works, 316n.;
and Western morale, 348, 349, 355;
God-feeling, 394, 395;
contemporaries, table i
Luxor, contemporaries, table ii
Lycurgus, myth, 11
Lysander, deification, 405
Lysias, portrait, 270
Lysicrates, Monument of, acanthus motive, 215
Lysippus, contemporary mathematic, 90;
sculpture, 226, 260n.;
period, 284;
canon, 287;
straining, 291;
irreligion, 358;
contemporaries, table ii
Lysistratus, and portraiture, 269

Machault, Guillaume de, and counterpoint, 229n.

Machiavellism, and mimicry, 371
Macpherson, James, autumnal accent, 241
Macrocosm, idea, 163-165;
cultural and intercultural, 165;
expression, 180;
and style-problem, 214-216.
See also History; Morphology; Nature; Symbolism; World-
conceptions
Maderna, Stefano, sculpture, 244;
God-feeling, 395
Madonna, in Western art, 136, 267, 280.
See also Marycult; Motherhood
Madrid, culture city, 32, 109
Madrigals, character, 229
Mæcenas, park, 34
Magdeburg Cathedral, Viking Gothic, 213
Magian soul, explained, 183. See also Arabian Culture
Magnetism, Cabeo’s theory, 414
Magnitude, emancipation of Western mathematic, 74-78;
and relations, 84, 86
Mahavansa, as historical work, 12
Mainz Cathedral, and styles, 205
Makart, Hans, copyist, 295
Malatestas, Hellenic sorriness, 273
Malthus, Thomas R., and Darwinism, 350, 369, 371
Manchester system, and Western Civilization, 151, 371;
and Darwinism, 369
Mandæans, as Arabian, 72;
music, 228;
contemporaries, table i
Manet, Édouard, unpopularity, 35;
and body, 271;
landscapes, 288;
plein-air painting, 288-290;
weak style, 291;
striving, 292;
and Wagner, 292;
irreligion, 358
Mani, and mystic benefits, 344n.;
and Jesus, 347;
contemporaries, table i
Manichæanism, as Arabian, 72;
architectural expression, 209, 211;
music, 228;
dualism, 306;
and home, 335
Mankind, as abstraction, 21, 46
Mantegna, Andrea, technique, 221, 239;
 and colour, 242;
and portrait, 271;
and statics, 414
Marble, and later Western sculpture, 232, 276n.;
Greek use, 248n., 253;
Michelangelo’s attitude, 276.
See also Stone
Marcellus II, pope, and Church music, 268n.
Marcion, and Jesus, 347;
contemporaries, table i
Marcus Aurelius, and monotheistic tendency, 407
Marées, Hans, significance of colour, 252;
portraiture, 266, 271, 271n., 309;
and grand style, 289, 290;
striving, 292
Marenzio, Luca, music, 251
Marius, C., and economic motive, 36;
contemporaries, table iii
Mars Ultor, temple, ornament, 215
Marseillaise, morale, 355
Marsyas, Myron’s, lack of depth, 226
Marwitz, Friedrich A. L. von der, and Hardenberg, 150n.
Marx, Karl, and practical philosophy, 45;
and earlier and final Socialism, 138;
and superficially incidental, 144;
character of Nihilism, 352, 357;
and Hegelianism, 367;
socio-economic ethics, 372, 373;
contemporaries, table i
Mary-cult, as symbol, 136;
Madonna in Western art, 267, 280
Masaccio, and artistic change, 237, 279, 287
Mashetta, castle, façade, 215
Mask, and Classical drama, 316, 317n., 318, 323
ass, Western functional concept, 415;
effect of quantum theory, 419
Materialism, and Goethe’s living nature, 111n.;
Buddhism as, 356;
in Western ethics, 368;
and Socialism, 370
Mathematics, spatial concept, 6n., 7;
plurality, cultural basis, 15, 59-63, 67, 70, 101, 314;
position, 56;
and extension, 56;
and nature, 57;
wider-culture vision and analogy, 57, 58;
beginning of number-sense, 59;
as art, 61, 62, 70;
vision, 61;
of Classical Culture, positive, measurable numbers, 63-65, 69, 77;
and time and becoming, 64, 125, 126;
symbolism in Classical, 65-67, 70;
religious analogy, 66, 70, 394;
and empirical observation, 67;
character of Arabian, 71-73;
primitive levels, 73;
Western, and infinite functions, 74-76;
Western need of new notation, 76;
as expression of world-fear, 79-81;
and Western meaning of space, 81-84, 88;
and proportion and function, 84;
construction versus function, 85;
virtuosity, 85;
and physiognomic morphology, 85;
Western, and limit as a relation, 86;
Western abstraction, 86, 87;
 Western conflict with perception limitations, 87, 170, 171;
culmination of Western, groups, 89, 90, 426;
paradigm of Classical and Western, 90;
and the how, what, and when, 126;
cultural relation to art, 129, 130;
Classical sculpture and Western music as, 284;
impressionism, 286;
vector and Baroque art, 311;
esoteric Western, 328;
and philosophy, 366;
replacement by economics, 367;
theory of aggregates, and logic, 426;
cultural contemporary epochs, table i.
See also Nature; Number; branches by name
Matter. See Body; Natural science
Matthew Passion. See Schütz, Heinrich
Maxwell-Hertz equations, 418
Maya Culture. See Mexican
Mayer, Julius Robert, and theory, 378;
and conservation of energy, 393, 412, 417
Mazarin, Jules, Cardinal, morale, 349
Mazdaism, as Arabian, 209;
architectural expression, 211;
and pneuma, 216;
music, 228;
contemporaries, table i
Mazdak, contemporaries, table i
Meander, motive, 316, 345
Mechanics, and fourth dimension, 124.
See also Motion; Natural science
Mediæval History, as term, 16, 22
Medicis, Hellenic sorriness, 273
Megalopolitanism, and Civilization of a Culture, 32-35, 38;
and systematism, 102.
See also Civilization
Melody, Classical and Western, 227
Memlinc, Hans, in Italy, 236;
and Renaissance, 274
Memory, conception, 103;
as organ of history, 132;
as term, 132
Mencius, practical philosophy, 45
Mendicant Orders, as exception, 348
Menes, contemporaries, table iii
Menzel, Adolf F. E., and body, 271;
impressionism, 286;
and grand style, 290, 291
Merovingian-Carolingian Era, contemporary art epochs, table ii
Mesopotamia, synagogues, 210
Messenians, provided history, 11
Metaphysics, and scientific research, 154;
and symbolism, 163;
Western and pairs of concepts, 311;
basis of Classical, 311;
period in philosophy, 365-367.
See also Ethics; Philosophy.
Mexican (Maya) Culture, and historical scheme, 16, 18;
and time measurement, 134n.;
ornament, 196;
and tutelage, 213
Meyer, Eduard, on Spengler, x;
on Classical Culture and geography, 10n.
Meyerbeer, Giacomo, Rossini on Huguenots, 293
Michelangelo, liberation of architecture, beginning of Baroque, 87,
206, 225n., 313;
materiality, obsession by the architectural, 128;
St. Peter’s, 206, 238;
and passing of sculpture, 223, 244;
anticipations, 263;
and physiognomy of muscles, 264;
nude, and portrait, 272;
sonnets, 273;
as dissatisfied thinker, 274;
unsuccessful quest of the Classical, 275-277, 281;
and marble, 276;
architecture as final expression, 277;
and popularity, 327;
God-feeling, 395;
contemporaries, table ii
Michelozzo, Bartolommeo di, and Classical, 415
Michelson, Albert A., experiments, 419
Middle Kingdom, contemporaries, tables i-iii
Milesians, physical theory, 386
Miletus, form-type of Didymæum, 204;
and Egypt, 225
Milinda, King, and Nagasena, 356
Military art, Western, 333n.
Mill, John Stuart, and economic ascendency, 367, 373
Millennianism, as Western phenomenon, 363, 423
Mineralogy, and geology, 96
Minerva Medica, Syrian workmen, 211
Ming-Chu, contemporaries, table iii
Ming-ti, contemporaries, table iii
Minkowski, Hermann, imaginary time, 124n.;
 and Relativity, 419
Minnesänger, rules, 193;
imitative music, 229
Mino da Fiesole, and portrait, 272
Minoan art, character, 198;
contemporaries, 241
Minstrels, imitative music, 229
Mirabeau, Comte de, and imperialism, 149;
contemporaries, table iii
Miracles, cultural attitude toward, 392, 393
Missionarism, Stoic, 344n.;
and diatribe, 360
Mithraists, and pneuma, 216;
form-language of mithræa, 224;
music, 228;
cult in Rome, 406, 406n.
Mitylene, episode and Classical time-sense, 133n.
Moab, Castle of Mashetta, 215
Modern History, as irrational term, 16-18
Mörike, Eduard, poetry, 289
Mohammed. See Islam
Moissac, church ornamentation, 199
Molière, tragic method, 318
Mommsen, Theodor, on Classical historians, 11;
narrow Classicalism, 28
Monasticism, and Western morale, 316n.;
order-movement, 343;
mendicant orders, 348
Money, Roman conception, 33;
 as hall-mark of Civilization, 34-36
Monophysites, Islam as heir, 211;
as alchemistic problem, 383;
contemporaries, table i
Monteverde, Claudio, music, 226, 230, 249, 283
Morale, plurality, cultural basis, no conversions, 315, 345-347;
Western, and activity, 315;
and analysis, 341;
Western moral imperative, 341, 342;
intellectual and unconscious concepts, 341n.;
Western purposeful motion, ethic of deed, 342-344, 347;
Western Christian, 344, 348;
and art, 344;
morphology, 346;
compassion, cultural types of manly virtue, 347-351;
real and presumed, phrases and meanings, 348;
Classical, and happiness, 351;
instinctive and problematic, tragic and plebeian, 354, 355;
end phenomena, cultural basis, 356-359;
Civilization and diatribe, 359, 360;
and diet, 361;
qualities and aim of Socialism, 361-364;
and cultural atomic theories, 386.
See also Ethics; Spirit
Moravians, as exception, 348
Morphology, Spengler and historical, xi;
concept of historical, 5-8, 26, 39;
historical, and symbolism, 46;
historical, ignored, 47;
symmetry, 47;
historical and natural, 48;
historical, Western study of comparative, 50, 159;
comparative, knowledge forms, 60;
of mathematical operations, 85;
systematic and physiognomic, 100, 101, 121;
 of world-history explained, 101;
of Cultures, 104;
historical homology, 111, 112;
element of causal and destiny, 121;
of morales, 346;
of history of philosophy, 364-374;
of exact sciences, 425
Mortality. See Death
Mosaic, as cultural expression, 214;
and Arabian gold background, 247;
eyes, 329;
contemporaries, table ii
Mosque, architectural characteristics, 200, 210;
contemporaries, table ii
Motherhood, cultural attitude, meaning, 136, 137;
and destiny, portraiture, 267
Mo-ti, practical philosophy, 45
Motion, and fourth dimension, 124;
Eleatic difficulty, 305n.;
and natural science, 377, 387-391.
See also Natural science
Motion pictures, and Western character, 322
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, contemporary mathematic, 78, 90;
period, 108, 284;
orchestration, 231;
colour expression, 252n.;
ease, 292;
contemporaries, table ii
Mummies, as symbol, 12, 13, 135
Murillo, Bartolomé, period, 283
Murtada, and will, 311
Museums, as historical symbols, 135;
 change in meaning of word, 136
Music, thoroughbass and geometry, 61;
mathematical relation, 62, 63;
of Baroque period, 78;
and proportion and function, 84;
bodilessness of Western, development, 97, 177, 230, 231, 283;
history of instruments, 195;
Western church, as architectural ornament, 196, 199;
as art of form, 219, 221n.;
and allegory, 219n.;
as channel for imagination, 220;
Classical, 223, 227, 252n.;
form-ideal of Western, 225;
technical contrast of Classical and Western, 227n.;
word and organism, cultural basis, 227, 228;
Arabian, 228;
Chinese, 228;
imitation and ornament, 228;
ornamental and imitative Western, 229;
secularization, thoroughbass, 230;
of Renaissance, 234;
Flemish influence in Italy, 236;
and horizon in painting, 239;
pastoral, and gardening, 240;
esoteric Western, 243;
as Western prime phenomenon, 244, 281-284;
and Western painting, 250, 251;
instruments and colour expression, 252;
instrumental as historical expression, 255;
and uncleanliness, 260n.;
and portrait, 262, 266;
Catholic, 268n.;
Michelangelo’s tendency, 277;
Western, and Classical free sculpture, 283, 284;
climacteric instruments, 284;
and Rococo architecture, 285;
impressionism, 285, 286;
 and later German school of painting, 289;
Wagner and death of Western, 291, 293;
his impressionism, 292;
and Western soul, 305;
and Western concept of God, 312;
and character, 314;
place of organ, 396;
Western contemporary natural science, 417;
contemporary cultural epochs, table ii.
See also Art
Muspilli, and Northern myths, 400, 423
Mutazilites, contemporaries, table i
Mycenæ, funeral customs, 135;
contemporaries, tables, ii, iii
Mycerinus, dynasty, 58n.
Myron, sculpture as planar art, 225, 226, 283;
Discobolus, 263, 264
Mysteries, Classical, 320. See also Religion
Mysticism, art association, 229;
and dualism, 307;
cultural culmination, 365n.;
and concept of force, 391;
contemporaries, table i
Myth, natural science as, 378, 387
Mythology, significance in Classical Culture, 10, 11, 13;
origin, 57.
See also Religion

Nagasena, materialism, 356

Names, as overcoming fear, 123;
concretion of numina, 397
Napoleon I, analogies, 4, 5;
 romantic, 38;
imperialism, 42, 149-151;
as destiny and epoch, 142, 144, 149;
egoism, 336;
morale, 349;
and toil for future, 363;
contemporaries, table iii
Napoleonic Wars, and cultural rhythm, 110n.
Nardini, Pietro, orchestration, 231
Natural science, mechanics and motion, cultural basis of postulate,
377, 378;
fact and theory, cultural images, 378-380;
Western, and depth-experience, tension, 380, 386, 387;
and religion, cultural basis, 380-382, 391, 411, 412, 416;
scientific period of a Culture, 381;
cultural relativity, 382;
cultural nature ideas and elements, 382-384;
statics, chemistry, dynamics, cultural systems, 384;
cultural atomic theories, 384-387;
thinking-motion problem, system and life, 387-389;
mechanical and organic necessity, 391;
cultural attitude on mechanical necessity, 392-394;
things and relations, 393;
conservation of energy and Western concept of experience, 393;
theory and religion, Western God-feeling, 395;
naming of notions, 397;
and atheism, 409;
Western dogma of undefinable force, provenance, stages, 412-
417;
as to Western statics, 414, 415;
mass concept of Civilization, work-idea, 416, 417;
disintegration of exact, contradictions, 417-420;
physiognomic effect of irreversibility theory, 420-424;
effect of radioactivity, 423;
decay, 424;
morphology, convergence of separate sciences, 425-427;
 anthropomorphic return, 427.
See also Nature
Natural selection, and Western ethics, Superman, 371. See also
Darwinism
Naturalism, antiquity, 33, 207, 288;
in art, 192
Nature, contrast of historical morphology, 5, 7, 8;
definite sense, and history, 55, 57, 94-98, 102, 103;
and learning, 56;
mathematics as expression, 57;
as late world-form, 98;
mechanistic world-conception, 99, 100;
systematic morphology, 100;
and causality and destiny, 119, 121, 142;
cultural viewpoints, 131, 263;
timelessness, 142, 158;
historical overlapping, living harmonies, 153, 154, 158;
and intellect, 157;
personal connotations, 169;
soul as counter-world, 301;
and reason, 308.
See also Causality; History; Mathematics; Natural science; Space;
Spirit
Naucratis, and Miletus, 225n.
Naumann, Johann C., architecture, 285
Nazzâm, on body, 248;
contemporaries, table i
Necessity, mechanical and organic, 391
Nemesis, character of Classical, 129, 320. See also Destiny
Neo-Platonists, as Arabian, 72;
and pneuma, 216;
and body, 248;
dualism, 306;
 unimposed mystic benefits, 344n.
Neo-Pythagoreans, and body, 248;
and mechanical necessity, 393
Nerva, forum, 198, 215
Nestorianism, and art, 209, 211;
music, 228;
and home, 334;
as alchemistic problem, 383;
contemporaries, table i
Neumann, Karl J., on Roman myths, 11
New York City, and megalopolitanism, 33
Newton, Sir Isaac, and “fluxions”, 15n.;
artist-nature, 61;
mathematic and religion, 70, 396, 412;
mathematical discoveries, 75, 78, 90;
and time and space, 124, 126;
light theory, and Goethe’s theory, 157n., 158n., 422;
dynamic world-picture, 311;
deeds of science, 355;
and motion-problem, 390, 391;
and metaphysics, 366;
and force and mass, 415, 417;
contemporaries, table i
Nibelungenlied, and Homer, 27;
esoteric, 328;
and Western Christianity, 400-402
Nicæa, Council of, and Godhead, 249
Nicephorus Phocas, and Philopatris dialogue, 404n.
Nicholas of Cusa, astronomical theory, 69;
religion and mathematic, 70;
musical association, 236;
contemporaries, table i
Nicholas of Oresme, and beginning of Western mathematic, 73, 74,
279;
art association, 229;
Occamist, 381
Niese, Benedictus, on Roman myths, 11
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, influence on Spengler, xiv, 49n.;
provincialism, 24;
Classical ideology, 28, 28n.;
on city life, 30;
unpopularity, 35;
practical philosophy, 45;
and historical unity, 48;
and detachment, 93;
and Wagner, 111, 291, 370;
on history and definition, 158;
on art witnesses, 191;
autumnal accent, 241;
on Greeks and colour, 245;
on “brown” music, 252;
on Greeks and body, 260;
will and reason, 308;
and morale, 315, 342, 346;
and home, 335;
actuality of “Mann”, 347, 350;
and Civilization, 352;
character of Nihilism, 357;
and diet, 361;
nebulous aim, 363, 364;
and mystic philosophy, 365n.;
and mathematics, 366;
ethics and metaphysics, 367;
materialism, 368;
and evolution and Socialism, 370-372;
position in Western ethics, 373, 374;
on pathos of distance, 386;
dynamic atheism, 409;
 contemporaries, table i
Niflheim, lack of materiality, 403
Nihilism, and finale of a Culture, 352;
cultural manifestations, 357
Nirvana, ahistoric expression, 11, 133;
and zero, 178;
conception, 347, 357, 361.
See also Buddhism
Nisibis, and Arabian art, 209
Northmen, discoveries, 330
Norwich Cathedral, simplicity, 196
Notre-Dame, Madonna of the St. Anne, 263
Nude, in Classical art, necessity, 130, 260-262, 317;
cultural basis of feeling, 216, 270, 272;
as element of Classical Culture only, 225
Nürnberg, loss of prestige, 33;
church statuary, 103;
church and styles, 205;
as religious, 358
Numa, cult, 185;
contemporaries, table i
Number, chronological and mathematical, 6, 7, 70, 97;
defined, 67;
numbers and mortality, 70;
Arabian indeterminate, 72;
Western Culture and functional, 74, 75, 90;
Western attitude and notation, 76, 332n.;
symbolism, 82, 165;
astronomical, 83, 332n.;
cultural attitudes, 88;
and the become, 95;
and numbering, 125;