ASME B31G Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipeline Page 1 of 6

ASME B31G Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipeline

Read about START-PROF pipe stress analysis software

Allows to calculate, if the corroded pipeline segment must be replaced. The results of analysis are:
l Failure stress: the maximum allowed hoop stress
l Safe pressure: the maximum allowed operating pressure, with safety factor
l Burst pressure: the burst pressure, without the safety factor
l The maximum allowed flaw length

Method #1 Original B31G (.67dL), B31G Level 1

This method approximates the flaw area A as 0.67 * d * L

Method #2 Modified B31G (.85dL), B31G Level 1

This method approximates the flaw area A as 0.85 * d * L

Method #3 Exact Trapezoid

Calculates the corroded area A numerically using the trapezoid method

Method #4 Equivalent Area

Calculates the corroded area A as d_a * L, where d_a is average pit depth. An equivalent flaw length L * d_a / d is used in the computation of the Folias
factor.

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Method #5 RSTRENG Effective Area, B31G Level 2

Calculates the corroded area A calculated numerically using the trapezoid method. All possible combinations of local metal loss A are calculated, n!/2(n − 2)!
iterations are required to examine all possible combinations of local metal loss with respect to surrounding remaining material. The exact trapezoid method is
just a special case of an effective method.

Input Data

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Menu Access

ASME B31G > Pipe

Service Life Analysis

This option allows calculation of selected (or projected) service life considering fatigue strength and corrosion wear for steel industrial pipelines; in other
words, piping operation time without accidents under input loads. Analysis is done according to appendixes to GOST 32388-2013. Analysis methods apply only
to steel industrial pipelines, the strength of which is evaluated using GOST 32388-2013. Projected service life must not exceed 20 years. Projected piping
service life is determined based on the weakest element; therefore, changing the structure and cross-section of the weakest element can increase overall
service life.
Element data can be entered independently or by loading START-PROF input and output files. Analysis output is displayed in a table, which can be printed.
The following is possible in service life analysis:
l Piping analysis is carried out for the maximum operating temperature range
l Adjusted stress amplitude and the equivalent adjusted stress in each cycle are proportional to the temperature range in the cycle with the maximum
operating temperature
l Temperature along the length of the pipe changes evenly.
To calculate projected projected life, use File > New
In the dialog window that appears, select "Project Life" (fig. 1) and press "OK". A new dialog window will appear (fig. 2)

Fig. 1
You can create a new file or use analysis output from a Start-Piping file according to GOST 32388-2013 for sustained loads mode. To do this, select
"Load data file" and press "OK", then indicated the "ctp" file path.

Fig. 2
The table contains the following data:
l Element type in the Start-Piping "ctp" input and output file;
l Node number where the element is located;
l Element type in Start-Service life, into which the element will be transformed

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To change the element, mark it in the third column and press the button that will appear in the right corner. A list of possible alternative elements will be
displayed, from which one can be selected.
Element elements loaded from Start-Piping input and output are displayed in the list. To edit element properties, select the appropriate line and press
"Edit". All changes will be automatically copied to all elements of the same dimensions. After pressing "OK", the following dialog window will be displayed (fig.
5).

Fig. 5
If a Start-Piping file is not selected, click "Browse" and select the desired file.
A keyword (or part of a keyword) must be entered in the "Product" file for searching the corrosion database for corresponding "composition" or "detailed
composition" entries. For example, for the key word "water" (fig. 8), "composition" and "detailed composition" entries with "water", "water vapor", "water
solution", etc. will be found
Temperature cycles must be input after pressing "Input cycle".
After pressing "OK", the following dialog window will be displayed (fig. 6).

Fig. 6
The window shows element types. The number of elements of this type in the analysis is shown under each icon. These numbers are 0 for new analyses.
If "consider rejection thickness" is not checked, td is used as the minimum wall thickness for service life corrosion analysis; if it is checked, max(td, tmin)
is taken as minimum wall thickness,
where
td - design wall thickness for a given pressure P without allowance. Calculated in START-PROF;
tmin - rejection wall thickness, according to GOST 32569-2013.
After clicking on an element icon, a dialog window for inputting data for that element appears. If such elements already exist, data from the first element of
that type is displayed. Fig. 7 shows input data for a bend.

Fig. 7
The lines on the left indicate different elements of this type and moving the slider bar switches from one element to another. The top part of the window
shows the current element number and four buttons:
l Copy - create a new element by copying the current one
l Delete - delete the current element
l Previous - switch to previous element
l Next - switch to next element
When inputting data for an element, the element type must be specified by selecting the corresponding tab (for example, in fig. 7 elbow, bend, extruded
and miter) and input all require properties.

Service Life Based on Long-term Fatigue Strength

To calculate service life based on long-term fatigue strength, check "service life for long-term fatigue strength" and input (see piping projected life
analysis methods):
l Equivalent stress amplitude σ , for normal temperature (+200С)
ae
l Equivalent stress σe, for normal temperature (+200С)
l Degree m - indicator of degree of dependence for long-term fatigue stress and time (in the absence of reference data, can be taken as 8)
If Start-Piping data are used, these data are calculated automatically.

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When you click "Analyze", service life based on long-term fatigue strength in years is calculated and displayed in the "service life for long-term fatigue
strength" field. If service life is more than 30 years, 30 years is displayed.

Service Life Based on Corrosion

Service life based on corrosion is always calculated. However, corrosion speed must be input. Corrosion speed can be obtained from the corrosion
database by pressing the "Corrosion..." button. A dialog window will be displayed (fig. 8), where the product composition must be selected. This window shows
only those corrosion database data that contain a keyword input in the window shown in fig. 5, whose material corresponds to that input in element properties,
and whose operation temperature is above that input in element properties.

Fig. 8
When you click "Analyze", service life based on corrosion in years is calculated and displayed in the "service life for corrosion" field. If service life is
more than 30 years, 30 years is displayed.
If errors occur during analysis, a diagnostic message will appear and a dialog window for the element causing the error will be displayed. Enter the required
changes and click Analyze again, or click Close. After analysis, the following window will be displayed (fig. 9).

Fig. 9
Elements are sorted in the life by service life (from smallest to largest). In the right part of the window, calculated service life for the selected element is
displayed. To edit an element's properties, double-click it in the list. The dialog window shown in fig. 7 will be displayed. After inputting the desired changes,
press "OK" and you will be returned to the dialog window shown in fig. 9. Any number of elements can be edited this way. After inputting changes, press
"Analyze", after which service life will be recalculated for all elements and they will be sorted based on the new values.
After finishing the analysis, click "Close". Output data will be displayed as shown in fig. 10.

Fig. 10
To view pages for different elements, use toolbar icons (fig. 11)

Fig. 11

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The above toolbar icon can be used to change which data are displayed:
l all data
l elements with service life no more than 10% above minimum value
l elements with the shortest service life

Piping Service Life Analysis Methods

Service life analysis methods are applicable for steel industrial pipelines, as well as industrial furnace coils, the strength of which is analyzed according to
GOST 32388-2013. Piping service life is determined as the minimum service life value of its elements and joints. Service life is the indicated time (in years,
thousands of hours), at which piping operation must be stopped and its remaining strength must be analyzed. Input service life must not exceed 20 years.
In fatigue analysis for piping elements with moderate temperature, service life is calculated as:
(1)

where NГ - full load cycles over 1 year of piping operation, [Nc] - allowable load cycles of a pipe element

where a= 80 MPa and b= 1200 - for elements from carbon and allowed non-austenitic steel; a=110 MPa and b=1000 - for elements from austenitic steel.
In fatigue analysis for high-temperature pipelines and coils service life is calculated as:
at c > 1.0 (2)

at c ≤ 1.0

where

If stress analysis is not done, in the absence of corrosion wear, [T] value is calculated as:

Note: the factor 11.4 corresponds to 100 thousand hours. If element wall corrosion-erosion is present for medium-temperature pipelines, service life is
calculated as:
(3)

For high-temperature pipelines and coils with corrosion and static load

(4)

where Vc- corrosion speed in mm/year, t, tR - nominal and design element wall thickness, С1 - wall mill allowance, m - indicator of degree of dependence of
long-term tensile strength and time (in the absence of reference data, can be taken as 8).
For medium-temperature pipelines with material fatigue damage and corrosion-erosion wear, service life is calculated using formulas (1) and (3), and the
lower value is used.
For high-temperature pipelines with material fatigue damage and corrosion-erosion wear, service life is calculated using formulas (2) and (4), and the lower
value is used.
If design wall thickness is less than the minimum allowable for the selected pipe type for medium- and high-temperature pipelines, service life is calculated
using formulas (3) and (4), where design thickness is replaced with minimum allowable, and the lower value is used.
When wear speed during initial piping operation is significantly reduced and sufficient experimental data are available, wall thickness mill through time can
be expressed as:

In this case, when calculating service life with formulas (3) - (4), instead of С1, С1+Со should be used.

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