Asian Regionalism

Prepared by: Kielvin Mosquito

Objectives

➢ Define regionalism
➢ Identify factors influencing regionalism in Asia
➢ Understand how Asian nations deal with
globalization
What is Regionalism?

• It is a strengthened collective identity in an conglomerate

of nations occupying a particular geographical area or
aiming at shared goals; increase in economic exchanges
in a particular area.
• Regionalism is created as a sort of counter-globalization
Hettne's Faces of regionalism and Degrees of Regionness

Old Regionalism New Regionalism

• Bipolar such that it was produced a schism • Multipolar as it is open for multilateral engagement
between opposing political alliances and collaborations among countries

• Imposed by the superpowers • Spontaneous and sought voluntarily by constituents

• Secures economic security within allience • Open in as much as it is multipolar

• Comprehensive and multidimensional (political,

• Specific to economic and political objectives
cultural, economic, social)
• Focused only on nation-states • Involves non-state actors
Furthermore, Hettne (1996) suggested that regionness as a concept
has varying degrees.
• Region as a geographical unit- A region can be construed as a place, as a physical
environment.
• Region as a social system- A region can be construedas as a conglomerate of
people occupying a particular space and possessing unique dynamics of interaction.
• Region as organized corporation- A region can be construed as a group of nations
who agree to take part and form a formal organization.
• Region as a civil society- A region can be construed as a group of nations as a
network of cultural and social linkages among countries who voluntarily take part in
a cooperation among nations.
• Region as an acting subject- A region can be construed as a group of nations
concerned about peace, welfare, and prosperity of its people.
Asian Regionalism

• There are many regions in the world where regionalism can be observed. Asia is
among these regions where regional corporation are emergent and becoming more
influential. Hernandez (1996) mentioned specific trends which probably necessitate
regional coperation in the Asia Pacific regions.
• Security challenges, ecological breakdown, demands for human resources, labor
migration, international terrorism, epidemics, and drug trafficking are just among the
issues faced in this part of the world-phenomena which demands multilateral
response.
The Asian Region

Look at the map given. Label

these Asian countries with
their names
The Asian Region
The Asian Region

• Asia is the largest and most populated continent in the world. Geographically, it is
separated from European continent by the Urals, from Africa by Suez Canal, from the
North America by the Bering Strait (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2012).
• It is comprised of distinct regions such as Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia,
Southeast Asia, and the Middle East.
Informations about the distinct coastal regions in Asia
Coastal Regions Some Countries
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,
Central Asia Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Uzbekistan
Chian, Hong Kong, Japan,
East Asia Macau, Mongolia, North
Korea, South Korea, and
Taiwan
Afghanistan, Bangladesh,
South Asia Bhutan, India, Pakista, Sri
Lanka, the Maldives, and
Nepal
Overview
Important in the Silk road
trade, the historical
economic and cultural
exchange between Rome
and China
Craldle of ancient
civilizations such as the
Chinese and Japanese
civilizations as well as the
Mongol empire
High population demsity;
cradle of the indian
civilization
 Coastal Regions Some Countries
Brunei, Cambodia,
Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Southeast Asia Myanmar, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand, Timor
Leste, Vietnam
Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Bahrain, Cyprus, Georgia,
Israel, Iran, Iraq, Jordan,
Western Asia (Middle East) Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman,
Palestine, Qatar, Saudi
Arabia, Syria, Turkey,
United Arab Emirates,
Yemen
Overview
Found in the Asia Pacific
Ring of Fire; historically the
goal destination of
European expeditions for
its spice
Many are arid desert
regions but servere s
gateways and routes to
major bodies of water in the
world
Dynamics of Asian Regionalism

• In 2008, the asian Development Bank published a book on the emerging regionalism
in Asia. Haruhiko Kuroda, then president of ABD, in the foreward of the manuscript,
articulated that integration is a contributory to the economic development
experienced by Asian countries then. Kuroda identified some factors which are
influential in the growing integration at that time:
Dynamics of Asian Regionalism

• Enhanced dialogue between citizens of various nations- This facilitated by

growing tourism activities in the regions and the consistent multilateral meetings
among leaders of nation-states.
• Expanding intraregional trade and investments- This brings forth closer
financial markets and interdependent economies.
• Increased connectivity- This is facilitated by regional infrastracture projects as
well as collaboration in delivering public goods.
 Furthermore, Kuroda noted that the "market-friendly, multirack, and multispeed"
approach of the Asian integration is beneficial for the Asian region because of the
following reasons:
• Members can integrate based on their capacity vis-à-vis the available opportunities.
• It opens up for collaboration and merging of smaller group.
• It is responsive to business and open markets.
There are various benefits percieved from the Asian integration. Some of those discussed
by ADB (2008, p.13) are as follows:
• It harnesses the strengths of diverse economies.
• It provides platform for connecting financial markets (reduced capital, shared risks)
• It makes the economy more resilient to global risks.
• It pools resources.
• It creates regional mechanisms for safety and security.
However, there are also challenges (ADB,2008, p. 17):
• The need to establish compatible product standards
• The need to establish guidelines ghat buffer financial contagion and ensure
compatible financial regulations
• The need to coordinate macroeconomic policies
• The need to manage cross-boarder environmental and social policies (e.g., fair
treatment of migrant workers).
• Amitav Acharya (2010), a professor of International Ralations, pointed out several
criticisms that people who are skeptical to Asian regional institutions have.

Amidst challenges and criticisms, cooperations in the Asian region remains to exist, in
principle, to serve the goals of its members. These cooperations are as follows:
• APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation)
• EAS (East Asian Summit)
• APc (Asia Pacific community)
• EAc (East Asian community)
• ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
• APT (ASEAN Plus Three)
• Thank You for
• World

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