ASIAN

REGIONALISM
REGIONALISM
The term regionalism refers to the proneness
of the governments and peoples of two or
more states to create voluntary associations
and to pool together resources (material and
nonmaterial) in order to create common
functional and institutional arrangements.
Moreover, regionalism can be best described
as a method occurring in a given
geographical region by which different types
of actors (states, regional institutions, societal
organizations and other nonstate actors)
come to share certain fundamental values
and norms. These actors also participate in a
growing network of economic, cultural,
scientific, diplomatic, political, and military
interactions (Mace and Therien 1996)
What is a Region?
• Regions are group of countries located in the same geographical area.
What Is Regionalism?
• Regionalism is the theory or practice of regional rather than central
systems of administrations of cultural or political affiliation.
What Is Regionalization?
Regionalization is the process of transferring power from the central
government to the regions, for a better application of the subsidiarity
principle, within the framework of national or federal solidarity. It is also
the division of nation into states or province.

Jens Martensson
 ASIA
• Asia is the largest of the world’s continents, covering
approximately 30 percent of the Earth’s land area. It is
also the world’s most populous continent, with roughly 60
percent of the total population.

Jens Martensson
Different Regions in Asia:

1. Central Asia
Central Asia, also known as Middle Asia, is a
region of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea
in the west to western China and Mongolia in the
east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to
Russia in the north. It includes the former Soviet
republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan, which are
colloquially referred to as the "-stans" as the
countries all have names ending with the Persian
suffix "-stan", meaning "land of".The current
geographical location of Central Asia was formerly
part of the historic region of Turkestan, also known
as Turan.

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EAST ASIA
East Asia is the easternmost region of
Asia, which is defined in both
geographical and ethno-cultural terms.
[8][9] The modern states of East Asia
include China, Japan, Mongolia, North
Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan.[3][4]
[5][6] Hong Kong and Macau, two
small coastal quasi-dependent
territories located in the south of
China, are officially highly autonomous
but are under Chinese sovereignty.
Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Mainland
China, Hong Kong, and Macau are
among the world's largest and most
prosperous economies.
Different Regions in Asia:
1. Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and
South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern
Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the
geographical south-eastern region of Asia,
consisting of the regions that are situated south of
mainland China, east of the Indian subcontinent,
and north-west of mainland Australia which is part
of Oceania.[5] Southeast Asia is bordered to the
north by East Asia, to the west by South Asia and
the Bay of Bengal, to the east by Oceania and the
Pacific Ocean, and to the south by Australia and
the Indian Ocean.

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SOUTH ASIA
South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia,
which is defined in both geographical and
ethnic-cultural terms. As commonly
conceptualised, South Asia consists of the
countries of Bangladesh,Bhutan, India,
Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka,[6]
with some neighbouring territories, such as
Afghanistan, also sometimes included.
Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian
subcontinent and defined largely by the Indian
Ocean in the south, and the Himalayas,
Karakoram, and Pamir mountains in the north.
[citation needed] The Amu Darya, which rises
north of the Hindu Kush, forms part of the
northwestern border.[citation needed] On land
(clockwise), South Asia is bounded by Western
Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast
Asia.
Different Regions in Asia:
1. Western Asia Western Asia, also called West Asia or Southwest Asia, is
the westernmost region of Asia, as defined by some
academics, UN bodies and other institutions. It is almost
entirely a part of the Middle East, and includes Anatolia,
the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, Mesopotamia, the Armenian
Highlands, the Levant, the island of Cyprus, the Sinai
Peninsula, and partly the Caucasus Region
(Transcaucasia). The region is considered to be separated
from Africa by the Isthmus of Suez in Egypt, and
separated from Europe by the waterways of the Turkish
Straits and the watershed of the Greater Caucasus. Central
Asia lies to its northeast, while South Asia lies to its east.
Twelve seas surround the region (clockwise): the Aegean
Sea, the Sea of Marmara, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea,
the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Oman, the Arabian Sea, the
Gulf of Aden, the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aqaba, the Gulf of
Suez, and the Mediterranean Sea.

Jens Martensson
Comparison
REGIONALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION

REGIONALIZATION GLOBALIZATION

• A process of • A process by wich

dividing an area the people of the
into small VS. world are unified
segments called into a single
regions. society and
function together.

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 ASIAN
REGIONALISM
it is the product of economic
interaction and not political
planning. As a result of
succesful, outward-oriented
growth strategies, Asian
economies have grown not
only richer but also closer
together.
Concepts of Regionalism
Hettne (1996) suggested that regionalism as a concept has varying
degrees.

Region as a Geographical unit - A region can be interpreted as a place,

as a physical environment.

Region as Social System - A region can be interpreted as a

conglomerate of people occupying a particular space and possessing a
unique dynamic of interaction.

Region as Organized Cooperation - A region can be interpreted as a

group of nations who agree to take part and form a formal organization.
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 Why do countries form regional organization?

• Economic integration: Regional organizations can promote trade liberalization

and economic integration among member countries. By removing trade
barriers, such as tariffs and quotas, countries can increase the flow of goods and
services between member states, which can lead to increased economic growth
and prosperity.

• Political cooperation: Regional organizations can also promote political

cooperation and stability among member countries. By creating a forum for
member countries to discuss and address common political and security issues,
regional organizations can help to prevent conflicts and promote peaceful
resolution of disputes.
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• Shared cultural, linguistic or geographic ties: Countries with shared
cultural, linguistic or geographic ties may come together to form regional
organizations to strengthen their ties and promote regional identity and
cooperation.
•
International representation and bargaining power: By forming a
regional organization, member countries can increase their representation
and bargaining power in international forums, such as the United Nations,
and pursue common goals and interests.

• Shared challenges: Countries facing common challenges, such as climate

change, terrorism, or public health crises, may come together to form
regional organizations to address these challenges more effectively through
coordinated action and shared resources.

Jens Martensson
Post-Cold War developments and the emerging
world order in that era:

•The new international system in the post-Cold War

period has been marked by a seeming contradiction: on
the one hand, fragmentation; on the other, growing
globalization.

On the level of the relations among states, the new world

order is based on major power cooperation.

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•With the spread of the global market economy and rapid expansion of foreign
investments, developing countries, though they are cautious about foreign
investments, are likely to be doing better in the future. But structurally rooted
North-South inequalities will seem to remain as a potential source of
international conflict.

•The North-South conflict aside, the post-Cold War world faces several other
threats, most notably, ethnically-driven conflicts, religious militancy and
terrorism, supported by some revisionist powers.

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Different Asian Groups & Associations

ASEAN
• (Association of East Asian Nations)

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Different Asian Groups & Associations

Jens Martensson
Different Asian Groups & Associations

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