CASE STUDY ON MATRIX ALGEBRA

APPLICATING MATRIX IN REAL LIFE

TO FIND THE PRICE PER KG OF FRUITS

PRESENTED BY
NAME: MD. NAZMUL ISLAM
ID: 44008
1. INTRODUCTION
The concept of a matrix dates to ancient times but was first referred to as a matrix in 1850 by
James Joseph Sylvester. They were first used between 300 BC and AD 200 in a Chinese text
called Nine Chapters of Mathematical Art by Chiu Chang Suan Shu written during the Han
Dynasty, which had the idea of determinants and solving systems of equations with a matrix.
The Babylonians also studied matrices, but the Chinese did much more study into them. The
theory of matrices was developed by a mathematician named Gottfried Leibniz. He first took out
coefficients of linear equations and put them in a matrix. Then, Carl Gauss further developed the
matrix theory in the late 1700s. He added matrix multiplication, inverses, and Gaussian
Elimination. Gaussian Elimination is a method to solve system of equations with 3 or more
variables, and it involves getting most matrix numbers to zero, or an identity matrix. This is done
doing "elementary row operations.“
This method was also actually in the Chinese text, but Gauss rediscovered it. Next, Sylvester
gave the rectangular table the name of the matrix, Latin for womb in 1850. He also reinforced the
theory with the process of finding a determinant.
Finally, a man named Arthur Cayley, a good friend of Sylvester came up with many matrix
contributions, such as reinforcing matrix multiplication addition, subtraction, and division.
2. TOPICS COVERED BY THE COURSE

❑ Introduction to Matrix Algebra

❑ Definition and Basic Concepts
❑ Scalar Multiplication of Matrix
❑ Equity of Matrix
❑ Operations of Matrix
❑ Addition, Substruction & Multiplication of Matrix
❑ Matrix Equations
❑ Business Application of Matrix
❑ Functions of Matrix: Transpose, Inverse, Cramer’s Rule
❑ Solution of Equations by Matrix
❑ Determinants, Minors, Cofactors & Adjoint of a Matrix
3. PROBLEM STATEMENT

A fruit stall in USA is offering a discount sale due to upcoming Christmas Day. Three friends,
Nazmul, Shakib and Farhan decided to buy some fruits for their friends & family. Nazmul
spends $34 on 2 KG of apples, 1 KG of strawberry and 4 KG of oranges. Shakib spends
$35 for 3 KG of apples, 2 KG of strawberry and 2 KG of oranges. Farhan pays $49 for 5 KG
of apples, 3 KG of strawberry and 2 KG of oranges. Find the price per KG for apple,
strawberry and orange sold by the store.
4. OBJECTIVES

❑To determine the price per KG of the fruits mention in the problem statement.
❑To analyze the price of fruits by applying matrix equation.
❑To find the best way to solve these problems by applying matrices.
❑To practice use of matrix application in our real life.
❑To learn the Cramer’s rule to solve this problem.
5. CRAMER’S RULE DEFINITION

In linear algebra, Cramer’s rule is a specific formula used for solving a system of linear
equations containing as many equations as unknowns, efficient whenever the system of
equations has a unique solution. This rule is named after Gabriel Cramer (1704–1752), who
published the rule for an arbitrary number of unknowns in 1750. This is the most commonly
used formula for getting the solution for the given system of equations formed through
matrices. The solution obtained using Cramer’s rule will be in terms of the determinants of
the coefficient matrix and matrices obtained from it by replacing one column with the column
vector of the right-hand sides of the equations.
6. METHODOLOGY
7. RESULTS

The results to our study bring us to conclude that by using the Cramer’s rule, we could solve
our daily problems. Referring to our solutions, we found out that the sellers sell Apple for $3
per KG, $8 for per KG Strawberry and $5 for per KG of orange.
This proves that Matrices or algebra in general, are indeed useful in our daily life, despite
we think otherwise. This also applies to other linear systems matrices methods such as
Inverse Method and Gaussian Jordan Elimination method.
8. DISCUSSION

This study has enlightened us to the importance of linear algebra in our daily life not just in
specific fields but as general as calculating your expenses. As this study ends, we can
conclude that we indeed been using complex mathematical reasoning in our life to fulfil our
needs.
As per our objectives, we indeed managed to acquire the prices of the fruits sold in our
problem statement as stated in our results. We also managed to find the most effective way
to solve the problems and get the right answer to the questions. We also did manage to
practice the usage of matrix in our daily life to familiarized ourselves with it.