5 Percentages (I)

Answers and Solutions

Answers
Section Test 5A
1. 70%
2. 30%
3. 85%
4. $3 240
5. 164
6. 260
7. 550
8. (a) 400
(b) no
9. (a) 120
(b) 48

Section Test 5B
1. (a) 2, 20%
(b) 200 cm, 260 cm
(c) 88 s, 8 s
2. (a) 20, 60%
(b) 120 L, 90 L
(c) 200 g, 10 g
3. (a) 35%
(b) $261
(c) 600 m2
4. 48
5. 172 cm
6. +12%
7. $15 000
8. (a) 50 000
(b) no
9. (a) 64
(b) –20%

© Oxford University Press 2020 5S-1 Oxford Mathematics for the New Century Section Test
Section Test 5C
1. (a) 20%
(b) 25%
2. (a) $120, $80
(b) $840, $714
3. 30%
4. $4
5. no
6. $1 200
7. (a) $450
(b) $99
8. $800
9. (a) $36
(b) no

Section Test 5D
1. (b) Loss, $17
(c) Profit, $140
2. (a) $15, 30%
(b) $360, 140%
(c) $620, 25%
3. (a) $10, 20%
(b) $294, 30%
(c) $240, $156
4. 35%
5. (a) $350
(b) $2 150
6. $1 400
7. Tracy
8. (a) profit
(b) profit % = 7.5%
9. (a) marked price = $900, selling price = $495
(b) no

© Oxford University Press 2020 5S-2 Oxford Mathematics for the New Century Section Test
Solutions
Section Test 5A
1. The required percentage
168
=240  100% 1M
= 70% 1A

2. The required percentage

15
=50  100% 1M
= 30% 1A

3. Number of oranges that are not rotten

= 80 - 12 1M
= 68
∴ The required percentage
68
=80  100% 1M
= 85% 1A
Alternative
Percentage of the oranges that are rotten
12
=80  100% 1M
= 15%
∴ The required percentage
= 100% - 15% 1M
= 85% 1A

4. Amount that he saves this month

= $9 000  36% 1M
36
= $9 000 100
= $3 240 1A

5. Number of employees who are designers

= 200  18% 1M
18
= 200 100
= 36
∴ Number of employees who are not designers
= 200 - 36 1M
= 164 1A

© Oxford University Press 2020 5S-3 Oxford Mathematics for the New Century Section Test
 Alternative
Percentage of employees who are not designers
= 100% - 18% 1M
= 82%
∴ Number of employees who are not designers
= 200  82% 1M
82
= 200 100
= 164 1A

6. x  65% = 169 1M
65
x 100 = 169
100
x = 169 ×65
= 260 1A

7. Let x be the number of stamps that Karen originally has. 1M

Then 24% of x is 132.
i.e. x  24% = 132 1M+1A
24
x 100 = 132
100
x = 132 ×24
= 550
∴ Karen originally has 550 stamps. 1A

8. (a) Number of lilies in the garden

= 250  160% 1M
160
= 250 100
= 400 1A
(b) Number of tulips in the garden
= 400  65% 1M
65
= 400 100
= 260
∵ 260 > 250 1M
∴ The number of tulips is not less than that of roses. 1A

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9. (a) Percentage of green ribbons
= 100%  20%  35%
= 45%
Let x be the number of ribbons that Chloe has. 1M
Then 45% of x is 54.
i.e. x  45% = 54 1M+1A
45
x 100 = 54
100
x = 54 ×45
= 120
∴ Chloe has 120 ribbons. 1A
(b) Number of silk ribbons
= 120  40% 1M
40
= 120 100
= 48 1A

Section Test 5B
1. (a) Increase
= 12  10
=2 1A
Percentage increase
2
=10 ´ 100%
= 20% 1A
(b) Let x cm be the original value.
x ´ 30% = 60
x ´ 0.3 = 60
x = 60  0.3
= 200
∴ The original value is 200 cm. 1A
New value
= (200 + 60) cm
= 260 cm 1A
(c) Increase
= (80 ´ 10%) s
= 80 ´ 0.1 s
=8s 1A
New value
= (80 + 8) s
= 88 s 1A

© Oxford University Press 2020 5S-5 Oxford Mathematics for the New Century Section Test
2. (a) Original value
= 8 + 12
= 20 1A
Percentage decrease
12
=20 ´ 100%
= 60% 1A
(b) Let x L be the original value.
x ´ 25% = 30
x ´ 0.25 = 30
x = 30  0.25
= 120
∴ The original value is 120 L. 1A
New value
= (120  30) L
= 90 L 1A
(c) Let y g be the original value.
y ´ (1  5%) = 190
y ´ 0.95 = 190
y = 190  0.95
= 200
∴ The original value is 200 g. 1A
Decrease
= (200  190) g
= 10 g 1A

3. (a) Percentage change

26−40
=40 ´ 100%
−14
=40 ´ 100%
= 35% 1A
(b) New value
= $145 ´ [1 + (+80%)]
= $145 ´ 1.8
= $261 1A
(c) Let x m2 be the original value.
x ´ [1 + (54%)] = 276
x ´ 0.46 = 276
x = 276  0.46
= 600
∴ The original value is 600 m2. 1A

© Oxford University Press 2020 5S-6 Oxford Mathematics for the New Century Section Test
4. Number of candies this month
= 80 ´ (1  40%) 1M
= 80 ´ 0.6
= 48 1A

5. Let x cm be his height last year.

x ´ (1 + 2.5%) = 176.3 1M
x ´ 1.025 = 176.3
x = 176.3  1.025
= 172
∴ His height was 172 cm last year. 1A

6. Percentage change
616−550
=550 ´ 100% 1M
+ 66
=550 ´ 100%
= +12% 1A

7. Let $x be her original monthly salary. 1M

x ´ [1 + (8%)] = 13 800 1M
x ´ 0.92 = 13 800
x = 13 800  0.92
= 15 000
∴ Her original monthly salary is $15 000. 1A

8. (a) Let x be the population in 2018. 1M

x ´ (1 + 14%) = 57 000 1M
x ´ 1.14 = 57 000
x = 57 000  1.14
= 50 000
∴ The population in 2018 was 50 000. 1A
(b) Population in 2020
= 57 000 ´ (1  14%) 1M
= 57 000 ´ 0.86
= 49 020
∵ 50 000  49 020 1M
∴ The populations in 2018 and 2020 are not the same. 1A

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9. (a) His total score in the second term
= 48 ´ (1  50%) + 32 ´ (1 + 25%) 1M+1A
= 48 ´ 0.5 + 32 ´ 1.25
= 24 + 40
= 64 1A
(b) His total score in the first term
= 48 + 32 1M
= 80
Percentage change in his total score
64−80
=80 ´ 100% 1M
−16
=80 ´ 100%
= 20% 1A

Section Test 5C
1. (a) Discount %
$ (60−48 )
= $ 60 ´ 100%
$ 12
= $ 60 ´ 100%
= 20% 1A
(b) Discount %
$ (9 .6−7 . 2)
= $ 9 . 6 ´ 100%
$ 2. 4
= $ 9 .6 ´ 100%
= 25% 1A

2. (a) Discount
= $200 ´ 40%
= $200 ´ 0.4
= $80 1A
Selling price
= $(200  80)
= $120 1A
(b) Let $x be the marked price.
x ´ 15% = 126
x ´ 0.15 = 126
x = 126  0.15
= 840
∴ The marked price is $840. 1A

© Oxford University Press 2020 5S-8 Oxford Mathematics for the New Century Section Test
 Selling price
= $(840  126)
= $714 1A

3. Discount per cent

$ (250−175 )
= $ 250 ´ 100% 1M
$ 75
= $ 250 ´ 100%
= 30% 1A

4. Discount
= $80 ´ 5% 1M
= $80 ´ 0.05
= $4 1A

5. Selling price of the dress

= $420 ´ (1  35%) 1M
= $420 ´ 0.65
= $273
∵ $270 < $273 1M
∴ She does not have enough money to buy the dress. 1A

6. Let $x be the marked price of the lamp. 1M

x ´ 55% = 660 1M
x ´ 0.55 = 660
x = 660  0.55
= 1 200
∴ The marked price of the lamp is $1 200. 1A

7. (a) Let $x be the marked price of the puzzle. 1M

x ´ (1  22%) = 351 1M
x ´ 0.78 = 351
x = 351  0.78
= 450
∴ The marked price of the puzzle is $450. 1A
(b) Discount = $(450 – 351) 1M
= $99
∴ $99 is saved in buying the puzzle. 1A

© Oxford University Press 2020 5S-9 Oxford Mathematics for the New Century Section Test
8. Let $x be the marked price of the cooker. 1M
x ´ (1  12.5%)  50 = 650 1M+1A
x ´ 0.875  50 = 650
x ´ 0.875 = 650 + 50
x ´ 0.875 = 700
x = 700  0.875
= 800
∴ The marked price of the cooker is $800. 1A

9. (a) Overall discount

= $(160 ´ 20% + 40 ´ 10%) 1M+1A
= $(160 ´ 0.2 + 40 ´ 0.1)
= $(32 + 4)
= $36 1A
(b) Overall marked price
= $(160 + 40)
= $200
Overall discount per cent
$ 36
= $ 200 ´ 100% 1M
= 18%
∵ 18%  15% 1M
∴ Kelly does not get an overall discount of 15%. 1A

Section Test 5D
1. (b) ∵ Selling price < cost price
∴ There is a loss. 1A
Amount
= $(80  63)
= $17 1A
(c) ∵ Selling price > cost price
∴ There is a profit. 1A
Amount
= $(580  440)
= $140 1A

© Oxford University Press 2020 5S-10 Oxford Mathematics for the New Century Section Test
2. (a) Profit
= $(65  50)
= $15 1A
Profit %
$ 15
= $ 50 ´ 100%
= 30% 1A
(b) Selling price
= $(150 + 210)
= $360 1A
Profit %
$ 210
= $ 150 ´ 100%
= 140% 1A
(c) Cost price
= $(775  155)
= $620 1A
Profit %
$ 155
= $ 620 ´ 100%
= 25% 1A

3. (a) Loss
= $(50  40)
= $10 1A
Loss %
$ 10
= $ 50 ´ 100%
= 20% 1A
(b) Selling price
= $(420  126)
= $294 1A
Loss %
$ 126
= $ 420 ´ 100%
= 30% 1A
(c) Let $x be the cost price.
x ´ 35% = 84
x ´ 0.35 = 84
x = 84  0.35
= 240
∴ The cost price is $240. 1A

Selling price
= $(240  84)
= $156 1A

4. Profit %
$ (729−540 )
= $ 540 ´ 100% 1M
$ 189
= $ 540 ´ 100%
= 35% 1A

© Oxford University Press 2020 5S-11 Oxford Mathematics for the New Century Section Test
5. (a) Loss
= $2 500 ´ 14% 1M
= $2 500 ´ 0.14
= $350 1A
(b) Selling price
= $(2 500  350) 1M
= $2 150 1A

6. Let $x be the cost price. 1M

x ´ (1 + 36%) = 1 904 1M
x ´ 1.36 = 1 904
x = 1 904  1.36
= 1 400
∴ The cost price is $1 400. 1A

7. Danny’s loss per cent

$(1 350−1 188 )
= $1 350 ´ 100% 1M
$162
= $1 350 ´ 100%
= 12%
Tracy’s loss per cent
$(1 600−1 424 )
= $1 600 ´ 100% 1M
$176
= $1 600 ´ 100%
= 11%
∵ 11% < 12% 1M
∴ Tracy’s loss per cent is smaller. 1A

© Oxford University Press 2020 5S-12 Oxford Mathematics for the New Century Section Test
8. (a) Total cost price
= $(3 500 + 700) 1M
= $4 200
Total selling price
= $[3 500 ´ (1 + 15%) + 700 ´ (1  30%)] 1M+1M
= $(3 500 ´ 1.15 + 700 ´ 0.7)
= $(4 025 + 490)
= $4 515
> $4 200
i.e. Total selling price > total cost price 1M
∴ On the whole, he made a profit. 1A
(b) Overall profit %
$ (4 515−4 200 )
= $ 4 200 ´ 100% 1M
$ 315
= $ 4 200 ´ 100%
= 7.5% 1A

9. (a) Marked price of the necklace

= $500 ´ (1 + 80%) 1M
= $500 ´ 1.8
= $900 1A
Selling price of the necklace
= $900 ´ (1  45%) 1M
= $900 ´ 0.55
= $495 1A
(b) ∵ Cost price = $500 > $495
i.e. Cost price > selling price 1M
∴ The shop owner does not make a profit. 1A

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