1. How is sludge formed and treated for dispose?

Sludge is a sediment deposit formed by water, which can contain all suspended matter and trace
Elements dissolved in water. Sludge can be formed from a combination of suspended solids in water,
including loose corrosion products, insoluble mineral deposits, and oil. The sludge is treated with a
variety of digestion techniques, the purpose of which is to reduce the amount of organic matter and the
number of pathogenic microorganisms in the solids. The most common treatment options are anaerobic
digestion, aerobic digestion, and composting. Upon disposing sludge, it goes through a dehydration
step, which dry solids are removed and the water is sent to post-treatment. With two fundamental goals
of sludge treatment prior to disposal are to reduce the volume and stabilize organic materials.

2. Differentiate reuse, recovery and recycle. Cite examples

• Reuse is the process of taking old items that you may want to throw away and finding new uses for
them. Make the most of the materials you find. Storage jars can be used to hold leftover food or to take
lunch with you to work. Use old clothes as a cleaning rag. Sometimes other people can reuse the
materials. Example is computers and work parts can often be donated to community centers or
charities, and also clothing can often be donated and given a second life.

• Recovery is any operation the main result of which is waste that serves a useful purpose by replacing
other materials that would otherwise have been used to perform a specific function, Or waste that is
ready to perform that function in the facility or in the economy to meet general. Example Stripping
Christmas lights, computer cords and other such electrical components for The wires contained within.
Extracting precious metals and other valuable materials from cell phones and electronics. Separating out
fertilizing materials such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from sewage. Pulling water from
wastewater and putting it back into the system as clean, potable liquid.

• Recycling is defined as any recovery process in which waste materials are turned into products,
Materials or substances, either for their original purpose or for other purposes. Like plastic milk Jugs into
something new and useful like picnic benches, playground equipment and recycling bins.

3. What is composting? Cite examples

Composting is a form of waste disposal that naturally breaks down organic waste in oxygen-rich
conditions. Although all waste will eventually break down, only certain waste items are considered
compostable and should be placed in compost bins., they are excellent items for compost. Adding meat
products to the compost should be avoided because as it decomposes it will attract large animals and
have a very foul smell. Example of composting is yard waste, such as grass clippings and leaves, can also
be added to compost containers. Perennial weeds, which are plants that come back Year after year,
should not be added to compost because they will grow back and spread.