LITERATURE

LITERATURE
LITERATURE COMES FROM THE LATIN WORD " LITERA"
WHICH LITERALLY MEANS AN ACQUANTANCE WITH
LETTERS, THE ROOT DEFINITION OF LITERATURE .
 ITERARY STANDARDS
L
UNIVERSALITY SPIRITUAL VALUE

ARTISTRY PERMANENCE

INTELLECTUAL BEAUTY STYLE

SUGGESTIVENESS
 UNIVERSALITY
Literature appeals to everyone, regardless of culture, race,
gender, and time which are all considered significant.
 ARTISTRY
Literature has an aesthetic appeal and thus possesses a
sense of beauty.
INTELLECTUAL VALUE
Literature stimulates critical thinking that enriches mental
processes of abstract and reasoning, making man realize
the fundamental truths of life and its nature.
SUGGESTIVENESS
Literature unravels and conjures man’s emotional power to
define symbolisms, nuances, implied meanings, images and
messages, giving and evoking visions above and beyond the
plane of ordinary life and experience.
 PERMANENCE
Literature endures across time and draws out the time factor:
timeliness, occurring at a particular time, and timelessness,
remaining invariable throughout time.
 STYLE
Literature presents peculiar way/s on how man sees life as
evidenced by the formation of his ideas, forms, structures, and
expressions which are marked by their memorable substances.
 Literary models

CulturaL model
literature aims to understand
and appreciate cultures and
ideologies different from one’s
own time and space.
Personal Growth
Language Model model
literature aims to promote literature aims to help one
language development like achieve lasting pleasure and
vocabulary and structure deep satisfaction in reading.
 Classification of Literature

Structure genre
form
FICTION
FICTION PROSE POETRY
NON-FICTION POETRY ESSAY
DRAMA
 STRUCTURE
The main themes of Geography are:

Location Movement Region

This refers to a place or
position on the Earth's surface.
A location can either be
absolute (exact), or relative (in
relation to other locations).
Movement looks at how
people connect. How are
ideas, technology, and
culture are being passed on?
Regions are places that have
common physical and human
attributes. This can be a formal
region (cities, districts, countries,
etc) or functional regions.

Place
How do you describe the
physical attribute of a location?
How do people in a specific
location behave?
Environment
This shows the interactions
between humans and the
physical environment.
 STRUCTURE

FICTION NON-FICTION
is a literary work of "real life" narration
is a literary work of imaginative
or exposition based on history and facts
narration, either oral or written ,
whose main thrust is intellectual appeal
fashioned to entertain and to make
convey facts, theories, generalizations,
the readers think and , more so, to
or concept about a particular topic.
feel.
 form

Prose
is a style of writing that does not
follow a strict structure of rhyming
and/or meter. Prose uses normal
grammatical structures.
poetry
literature that evokes a concentrated
imaginative awareness of experience or
a specific emotional response through
language chosen and arranged for its
meaning, sound, and rhythm.
 genre

fiction poetry essay

is an narrative in prose that is a patterned form of verbal is a prose composition in
shows an imaginative or written expression of ideas moderate length that presents a
recreation and reconstruction in concentrated, imaginative, tentative exploration or
of life and presents human life and rhythmical terms that evaluation of a subject.
in two levels often contain elements of
sense, sound, and structure.
world of objective reality
world of subjective reality
drama
is composition in prose form
that presents story told entirely
in dialogue and action , and
written with the intention of its
eventual performance before
an audience.
 FICTION
is a narrative in prose that shows an imaginative recreation and
reconstruction of life and presents human life in two levels-
world of objective reality and the world of subjective reality.
 A. SETTING
is the time and place in which the events of a story occur.
 B. CHARACTERS
representations of human being in a story. They are the complex
combination of both inner and outer self.

Ways of Revealing Literary Characters

Characterization- is the method used by the writer to reveal the personality of
the character/s.
1. Direct Characterization
2. Indirect Characterization
3. Comparative characterization
4. Active Characterization
 KINDS OF CHARACTER
According to principality
1. Protagonist
2. Antagonist
According to Development
1. Dynamic
2. Static
According to personality
1. Round
2. Flat
 PLOT
is the sequence of event in the story, arranged and linked by causality.

Kinds of Plot
1. Linear Plot
2. Circular Plot
3. En medias Res
PLOT
DEVELOPMENT OF PLOT
1. Exposition
2. Rising Action
3. Climax
4. Falling Action
5. Resolution
LITERARY DEVICES
1. Flashback- is the writers use of the chronological sequence of a
story to go back to related incidents which occurred prior to the
beginning of the story.
2. Foreshadowing- is the writer's use of hints or clues to indicate
events that will occur later in the story.
CONFLICT AS PART OF
THE PLOT
1. Person vs. Person
2. Person Vs. Society
3. Person Vs. Self
4. Person Vs. Nature