Chapter 9

Electricity

Prepared by: Mr Sia Zhi Wei

Chapter 9: Electricity
9.1 Electrostatics
9.2 Electric circuits
9.3 Current
9.4 Voltage
9.5 Resistance
9.6 Energy and power
Learning objectives

By the end of this section, students will be able to:

1. Describe the concept of resistance.

2. Use Ohm’s law to calculate current, voltage and resistance in a circuit.
3. Explain how the components affect the current in series circuit & parallel
circuit.
Changing number of bulb in series

The more bulbs are added in series, the dimmer the bulbs. （当更多灯泡以
串联方式添加时，灯泡的亮度会变弱）
That means a light bulb represents an obstacle to the current.（这意味着灯
泡成为电流的障碍）
We will call these obstacles resistance.（我们称这些障碍为电阻）
Changing number of bulb in parallel

The brightness of the bulb does not change when more bulbs are added in
parallel.（当更多灯泡以并联方式添加时，灯泡的亮度不会改变）

Adding more bulbs in parallel will increases the total current.（在并联电路添

加灯泡会增加总电流）
Resistance

Resistance is a measurement of how strongly

an object will oppose current. （ 电阻是一个
物体阻碍电流的能力 ）

Resistance is measured in ohms (Ω).

（电阻的单位是欧姆（Ω））

Electrons flow with great difficulty when the

resistance of an object is high.（ 当物体的电
阻很高时，电荷很难流动）
Resistance

Everything has resistance.（所有东西都有电阻）

A good conductors of electricity have the low resistance. （良好的导体拥有很
低的电阻）
So the electron is able to flow through them very easily.（ 因此，电荷能够非常
容易地流过）

Low resistance High resistance

Resistance

Resistor is an electronics component that has a specific resistance.（电阻器

是具有特定电阻的电子元件）
Resistors are used for limiting current in electric circuit.（ 电阻器用于限制
电路中的电流）

Symbol of resistor
Resistance

When several resistors are connected in series, the equivalent resistance

is the sum of the individual resistances.（当几个电阻器以串联方式连接
时，等效电阻是每个电阻之和）

Equivalent resistance = 500 Ω Equivalent resistance = 500 Ω

 Factors affecting resistance

Same length and cross sectional area.

Material Resistance

Material: A copper wire has less resistance compared with an iron wire.

http://seilias.gr/go-lab/html5/resistance.plain.html
 Factors affecting resistance

Same material and cross sectional area.

Length Resistance

Length: A short wire has less resistance than a long wire.

http://seilias.gr/go-lab/html5/resistance.plain.html
 Factors affecting resistance

Same length and material.

Cross sectional area Resistance

Cross sectional area: A thick wire has less resistance than a thin wire.

http://seilias.gr/go-lab/html5/resistance.plain.html
Voltage , Current and Resistance

What would be the reading of the ammeter when the switch is close?
Voltage , Current and Resistance

The relationship is:

Summary
Resistance: The measurement of how strongly an object will oppose current. （
电阻是一个物体阻碍电流的能力 ）

Voltage: The
measurement of how Current: The rate of
much energy the flow of charges.（电
charges receive. （ 电
压:电荷接收能量的 流：电荷的流动）
强度）
Summary

In series In parallel
Current I T = I 1= I 2 IT = I3+I4
Voltage VT = V1+V2 VT = V3=V4
Resistance RT = R1+R2 Coming Soon

Series circuit Parallel circuit