A Presentation on Concrete Mix Design by Packing Density MethodOUTLINE * CHAPTER I- Introduction * CHAPTER 2- Design Procedure for Mj) Grade Concrete * CHAPTER 3- Determination of Aggregate Fractions * CHAPTER 4- Determination of Packing Density * CHAPTER 5- Determination of Void Content * CHAPTER 6- Determination of Paste Content * CHAPTER 7- Determination of Aggregate Content * CHAPTER 8- Determination of Cement & Water Content * CHAPTER 9- ConclusionCHAPTER-1 Introduction - * Packing density is new kind of mix design method used to design different types of concrete; Normal concrete, high strength concrete, no-fines concrete and self compacting concrete. * The concept of packing density as a fundamental principle for designing High performance concrete (HPC) mixes * HPC has become more and more popular in recent years. * The conventional mix design methods are no longer capable of meeting the stringent multiple requirements of HPC.CONTD... The packing density method concept is based on the belief that the performance of a concrete mix can be optimized by maximizing the packing densities of the aggregate particles and the cementitious materials. Multi-sized aggregate can be packed together much more effectively to achieve a much higher packing density than single size. With the paste volume fixed, increase in packing density of the aggregate increase the workability of the concrete at the same water/cementitious ratio. Increase in packing density of the aggregate could also be employed to improve the dimensional stability of the concrete.CONTD... + The concept of packing density can be extended to apply also to the cementitious materials. * The packing density of the cementitious materials has great impact on the strength of the concrete produced. ¥ Lower water/cementitious ratio v Better packing would reduce the permeability v Reduce the porosity of the transition zone * Major factors affecting the packing density of an aggregate; size range, grading, particle shape, surface roughness, and effectiveness of the mixing and compaction processes.CHAPTER-2 Design Procedure for M20 Grade Concrete :- Design of M20 grade concrete by Packing Density Method.CHAPTER-3 First step:- Determination of aggregate fractions :- QO Considering different coarse aggregates size. Q Determine the bulk density of coarse aggregates separately. Q) Mix coarse aggregates in different proportions. Q) Determine the bulk density of mix different size aggregates. O Draw the graph of bulk density against fraction of different size proportion aggregates.CONTD... QO Based on the graph optimal aggregate fractions is selected ( fraction corresponding to maximum bulk density) Q Two size fractions of coarse aggregates are selected for the mix design, 20mm and 12.5mm down size, the coarse aggregate 20mm and 12.5mm were mixed in different proportions by mass, such as 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40 etc.(Then Fine aggregate is added in the total coarse aggregates (20mm and 12.5mm) in different proportions, the bulk density and weight fraction of each mixture is determined. (Weight of mould+Aggregate filled)-Empty weight of mould Bulk Density = Volume of mould Samll size coarse aggregate Fraction = TAggragates Samnll size coarse aggregate Fraction(Fine aggregate in mix) = EAgorepates1 For Coarse Aggregates: Fraction(12.5mm in coarse aggregates) = aaa = 0.3 J From Standard Test: Mould volume = 15000cm? Empty wieght of mould = 9800gr Weight of mould + Aggregate filled = 35066gr Bulk Density(Coarse aggregates) = Se = 6840-5apes ernarsia : Maximum bulk density for 20mm and 12.5 mm aggregates From the above graph the maximum bulk density is corresponding to fraction of x=0.3. Therefore, the coarse aggregates proportion is (70:30). :» For coarse aggregates + Fine aggregate: (60:40) 0.4 Fraction(Fine aggregate) = ja » From standard test: Mould volume = 15000cm3 Empty wieght of mould = 9800gr Weight of mould + Aggregate filled = 39916gr Bulk Density(Coarse aggregates) Bulk Density(Coarse aggregates + Fine aggregate) _ (3991gr) — 9800gr _ gr = soda = 20077Bulle Density (Maximum) oa 02 03 os os 06 Weight fraction of agereeate From the above graph the mamximum bulk density is corresponding to fraction of x= 0.4 , therefore the mix proportion is : Coarse aggregates: Fine aggregate=(60:40) So aggregates proportion is: (42:18:40) :CHAPTER-4 Second Step:- Determination of Packing Density:- Bulk density+Weight fraction Packing density(maximum) = ‘Specific gravity > Total packing density of the mixture is sum of packing density of different size coarse aggregates and fine aggregate. _ 2.00778+0.42 Packing density(20mm aggregate) = [7 = 0.209625 3: 2.00778 * 0.18 gr Packing density(12. 5mm aggregate) = — z0a76~CO 0.1230 aa Packing density(Fine aggregate) = = 0.30975Total packing densty = 0.2896 + 0.1230 + 0.3097 =0.72232, cm: 2 eg 2 8 i i i iCHAPTER-5 Third step: Determination of Voids Content:- » The voids content in percentage volume of aggregate or mixture of three aggregate is determined from its bulk density from the fallowing relations. » The value of specific gravity should be taken as average. _ Specific gravity-Bulk density Voids content = cae eee ¥100 2,8143~2.0077 Volds content = aa = — 4100 = 28.660%Minimum voids contents (0.2866) is corresponding to x=0.4CHAPTER-6 Fourth step: Determination of paste content:- » Minimum paste content is sum of the void content in combined aggregate and excess paste over and above it to coat the aggregate particle. >» Concrete mix containing minimum paste content should be cohesive, free from segregation and bleeding.> Minimum paste contents is determined from Flow table test (carry out for workability) Voids content = 1 — packing density Voids content = 1 — 0.7223 = 0.2777 Excess 10% voids content Paste content = 0.2777 + 0.1 * 0.2777 = 0.3054CHAPTER-7 Fifth step: Determination of Paste Content:- Volume of aggregates = 1 — paste content Volume of aggregates = 1 — 0.3054 = 0.6945 cm? _ Weight fraction of 20mm Total solid volume of aggregates = Specific gravity Weight fraction of 12.5mm Weight fraction of fine aggregate Specific gravity Specific gravity votat eoite vat tes = 0-420, 0.180 , 0.400 otal solld valume of aggregates = >> +5 -oa76 * 2.5031 = 0.3598cm3Weight of Aggregates:- 0.6945 Weight of 20mm aggregates = D pas08 .420x1000 = 810. 7as4 Ko Cant 0.6945 Weight of 12.5mm aggregates = 0. Dasea*" 180x1000 = 347, 458052 0.6945 Weight of ine aggregates = D D3s0a7" 400x1000 = 72,1290 £2 CumCHAPTER-9 Sixth step: Cement and water content:- »For M20 grade concrete keeping in mind the target mean strength suitable water-cement ratio is fixed as per trial mixes. » WIC ratio = 0.56 c Total paste=C+Was- + 0.56C = 0.8775C 0.3054 Kg Cement content = [== X 1000 = 348.1405 water content = 0.56x 348.1140 = 194943082Final Mix proportions for M20 grade concrete:- Weight of (20mm Jageregates = 810. 7asend K, Weight of (12-Smm) aggregates = 347.4580—% K. Weight of fine aggregates = 722, 1290-3 Cement conten = 348.1140 Water content = 194.9438 =2Following the above procedure all the ingredients of concrete were obtained for 5%, 10% and 15% in excess of paste content and water cement ratio 0.56 and 0.58, the values are presented in Table . Ta assCHAPTER-8 Conclusion:- The packing density value will remain same irrespective of grade of concrete. In packing density method, paste content in excess of void content will increase with the increase in grade of concrete. In case of packing density method water cement ratio decreases with increase in grade of concrete. The water and cement content for packing density and IS code method is nearly same for any particular grade of concrete. The workability of concrete achieved is more in packing density method compared to IS code method for the same grade of concrete, as the water cement ratio is slightly higher in packing density method than IS code method.References [I] Wong, H. C. H. and Kwan, K. H. A., “Packing density: A key concept for mix design of high performance concrete”. [2] Wong, H. C. H. and Kwan, K. H. A. (2008) “Packing density of cementitious materials: part 2 — packing flow of OPC + PFA + CSF”. Materials and structures, 41:773 — 784. [3] Fennis, S. A. A. M. and Walraven, J. C. (2008) “Measuring the packing density to lower the cement content in concrete”. [4] Wong, H. C. H. and Kwan, K. H. A. (2008) “Packing density of cementitious materials: part | — measurement using a wet packing method”. Materials and structures, 41:689-701. [5] Indian standard code of practice for, “Specification for 53 grade ordinary Portland cement’, IS 12269 — 1987, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [6] Indian standard code of practice for, “Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete’, IS 383 —1970, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.References [7] Indian standard code of practice for, “Concrete admixtures — specification”, IS 9103 — 1999, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [8] Indian standard code of practice for, “Methods of test for aggregates for concrete”, [S 2386 (Part II) — 1963, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [9] Indian standard code of practice for, “Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete”, IS 1199 — 1959, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [10] Indian standard code of practice for, “Concrete mix proportioning — Guidelines” IS 10262 — 2009, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. [11] Indian standard code of practice for, “Methods of tests for strength of concrete”, [S 516 — 1959, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.Thank you for your attention !