Complex Variable and Transformations

Chapter No: 1 (Complex Number)

1. Geometrical representation of complex number.
2. Polar and exponential form of complex number.
3. Conjugate complex number.
4. Vector representation of complex numbers.
5. Fundamental’s operations with complex numbers.

** Complex Number:
1. Proposition:
i. i2 = -1
ii. Every complex number Z = (xy) can be written as Z = x+iy or x + yi
2. Prove that,

i. Z1 + Z 2 = Z 1 + Z 2
ii. |Z 1 Z 2|=|Z 1||Z 2|
( 1+ 2i )2
3. Express 2 in the form A+iB. Also find its modules and argument.
(2+i )
4. Find the modules and argument of the following complex numbers:
−2 1−i
(i). (ii).
1+ i√ 3 1+i
5. If Z1 , Z 2 , … … … , Z n are the complex numbers then show that

i. |Z 1 Z 2|=|Z 1||Z 2|
ii. |Z 1 Z 2 … … … . Zn|=|Z 1||Z 2|… … ..∨Z n∨¿

6. For any complex Number Z1 , Z 2 , … … … , Z n Prove that,

i. |Z 1+ Z 2|≤|Z 1|+|Z 2|
ii. |Z 1 + Z 2+ …+Z n|≤|Z1|+|Z 2|+…+ ¿ Z n∨¿
iii. |Z 1−Z 2|≤|Z 1|−|Z 2|
7. If Z1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 ,are complex numbers then show that

i. | | Z1
≤
|Z 1|
Z 2 + Z 3 ||Z 2|−|Z 3||
, where Z 2 ≠ Z 3

ii. | || |
Z 1+ Z 2
Z3+ Z4
≤ Z 1 +¿ Z 2∨ ¿
||Z 3|−|Z 4||
¿, where Z3 ≠ Z 4

8. Find two complex numbers whose sum is 4 and whose product is 8.

9. Prove that, if sum and product of two complex numbers are both real then two numbers
must either be real or conjugate.
2 2 2 2
10. Prove that, |Z 1+ Z 2| +|Z1 −Z 2| =2|Z 1| + 2|Z 2| . Interpret the result geometrically that
|∝+√ ∝2−β 2|+|∝−√ ∝2−β 2|=|∝+ β|+|∝−β|
11. Describe geometrically the region of the following:
i. |Z−4|>|Z|
ii. |Z−i|=|Z +i|
iii. |Z+ 3i|> 4
iv. |Z−2+i|≤1
v. |ZZ+3−3|=3
vi. ℜ ( Z1 ) ≤ 12
vii. 1<|Z−2 i|≤ 2
viii. |Z+ 2−3 i|+|Z−2+3 i|<10
ix. |Z−2|−|Z +2|> 3
12. Prove that the set of complex numbers from an abelian group.