Ist. N.S.Q.F.

YEAR (The National Skills

Qualifications
IInd Semester Framework)

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APPLIED MECHANICS

TTR
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Pb Educational point
 SYLLABUS
APPLIED MECHANICS

RATIONALE
The subject Applied Mechanics deals with basic concepts of
mechanics like laws of force
are required by th
moments, friction, centre of gravity, laws of motion and simple machines which
students for further understanding of other allied subjects. The subject
enhances the analytica
ability of the students.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Afier undergoing this course, the students will be able to:
Interpret various types of units and their conversion from one to another.
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Analyze different types of forces acting on a body and draw free body diagrams.
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Determine the resultant of coplanar concurrent forces.
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Calculate the co-efficient of friction for different types of surfaces.

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.Calculate the least force required to maintain equilibrium on an inclined plane.

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Determine the centroid/centre ofgravity ofplain and composite laminar and solid bodies
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.Determine velocity ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency ofsimple machines.

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DETAILED CONTENTS
1. Introduction (06 periods)
1.1. Concept of engineering mechanics, definition of mechanics, statics, dynamics
application of engineering mechanics in practical fields. Definition of Applied
Mechanics.
1.2. Definition, basic quantities and derived quantities of basic units and derived units.
1.3. Different systems of units (FPS, CGS, MKS and SI) and
their conversion from one to
another for density, force, pressure, work, power, velocity, acceleration.
1.4. Concept of rigid body, scalar and vector quantities.

2. Laws of forcesS
(12 periods)
2.1. Definition of force, measurement of force in SI units, its representation,
types of force:
Point force/concentrated force & uniformly
distributed force, effects of force,
characteristics of a force.
2.2. Different force systems (coplanar
and non-coplanar), principle of transmissibility of
forces, law of superposition.
 ()
force, method of
2.3. Composition and resolution of coplanar concurrent forces, resultant
forces
composition of forces, laws of forces, triangle law of forces, polygon law of
graphically, analytically, resolution of forces, resolving a force into two rectangular
components.
2.4. Free body diagram
2.5. Equilibrant force and its determination
2.6. Lami's theorem (concept only)
[Simple problems on above topics]
2.7. Type of load, supports, Beams - analysis for simply supported, cantilever beams.
3. Moment (14 periods)
3.1. Concept of moment
3.2. Momennt of a force and units of moment
3.3. Varignon's theorem (definition only)
3.4. Principle of moment and its applications (Levers simple and compound, steel yard,
safety valve, reaction at support)
3.5. Parallel forces (like and unlike parallel force), calculating their resultant
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.3.6. Concept of couple, its properties and effects
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3.7. General conditions of equilibrium of bodies under coplanar forces

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3.8. Positon of resultant force by moment

Simple problems on the above topics]
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4. Friction (14 periods)

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4.1. Definition and concept of friction, types of friction, force of friction.

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4.2. Laws of static friction, coefficient of friction, angle of friction, angle of repose, cone of
friction.
4.3. Equilibrium of a body lying on a horizontal plane, equilibrium of a body lying on a rough
inclined plane.
4.4. Calculation of least force required to maintain equilibrium of a body on a rough inclined
plane subjected to a force:
(a) Acting along the inclined plane horizontally.
(b) At some angle with the inclined plane.
T
5. Centre of Gravity (10 periods)
5.1. Concept, definition of centroid of plain figures and centre of gravity of symmetrical solid
bodies.
5.2. Determination of centroid of plain and composite lamina using moment method only,
centroid of bodies with removed portion.
5.3. Deternmination of center of gravity of solid bodies cone, cylinder, hemisphere and
sphere; composite bodies and bodies with portion remóved.
[Simple problems on the above topics]
 (vi)
(14 period
6. Simple Machines
advantage and efficiency of machine
a an
6.1. Definition of effort, velocity ratio, mechanical
their relationship, law of machines.
6.2. Simple and compound machine (Examples).
machine.
6.3. Definition of ideal machine, reversible and self locking
determination of maximum mechaniç
6.4. Effort lost in friction, Load lost in friction,
advantage and maximum efficiency.
determination of velocity rati
6.5. System of pulleys (first, second, third system of pulleys),
mechanical advantage and efficiency. Bloq
Working principle and application of wheel and axle,
Weston's Differential Pulley
6.6. winch crab. Expression f
worm wheel, single and double
Simple screw jack, worm and
their velocity ratio and field of their application.
[Simple problems on the above topics]
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1. Verification of the polygon law of forces using graversend
apparatus.
2. To verify the forces in different members of jib crane.
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3. To verify the reaction at the supports of a simply supported beam.
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4. To find the mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency
in case of an inclin
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plane.
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5. To find the mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency of a screw jack.
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whee
6. To find the mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency of worm and worm
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7. To find mechanical advantage, velocity ratio and efficiency of single purchase crab.
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8. To find out center of gravity of regular lamina.

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9. To find out center of gravity of irregular lamina.

10. To determine coefficient of friction between three pairs of given surface.
INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY
Applied Mechanics being a fundamental subject, the teacher are expected to emphasize a
the application of "Applied Mechanics" in various subjects so that students are able i
appreciate the importance of the subject. Students should also be made conversant wit
the use of scientific calculator to solve numerical problems.
MEANS OF ASSESSMENT
Assignments and quiz/class tests, mid and end-term written tests, model/prototyp
making
 fau-g)

1-21
1.
(Introduction)
22-78
2
(System of Forces)
79-107
3.
(Moment) s
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108-122
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(Couple)
123-148
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(General Conditions of equilibrium)

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149-193
6.
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Friction)
194-257
1.
(Machines)
258-281
8. To
(Centre of Gravity)
282-309
9.
9. T4f% Y
Laboratory Experiments)
310-318
fRTE ()
(Appendix)
 YouTube Mishra Ji Classes
website www.mishrajiclasses.co

Pb Educational point
INTRODUCTION

1.1. qAo DI uRaa (Introduction to Mechanies)

2. aifrt rETd ffa yr

aifat s
(Mechanies)
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Tf faI (Dynamics)
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feufa fasia (Statics)

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(Kinematics) (Kinetics)
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( 3a feufa faaT (Hydrostatics)

(Gi) Ka TT fèiT (Hydrodynamics)
(i) ta na faT (Gas dynamics)
(Aero dynamics)
(v) TTa farT
(Thermodynamics)
() 54tht
(vi) 3 T Tifft (Applied mechanics)
2 37 f

3 3774 (members) 3T àarafra aifet FHnsi fAI TI

1.1.1. aisre at 3uaifraT (Utility of Mechanies) rsits loethof

TiT (testing) FT 1

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1.1.2. 3Ta7T5 ufR¥TTA (Important Defnitions)

7a szat (s0lid), 2. a (liquid), aaT 3, t (gas)I a7 (vapours) sît rat ¥ taRafa

 3

a i auEAT (states) aTal -(1)

5. T
TT farrATaET (State of motion and rest)-f6t î
r (at rest) BI 1 2. TfaAT (in motion) El à q ATUA (relative terms) Ei Ta 1 T

6. f ya (Path of motion) a feî TfaHrA 5I 3TUT (successive) feufrei za faei 7M

7. T yEntt (Types of motion)-TfAY4 5 31TR TT ee-z5 fq aA R TA H

s
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(a) afh ufA (curvilinear motion)-H FU T74 37 (curve) TT EI
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(T) TuT Tfa (rotational motion)-{8 fAYa 7 (circle) Eia

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AD=1 31

fa7 1.1

AB = 2r

--.~~-JA
fa 1.2
 31TT f :A

27Tr

fR 13

gram
o4HT 1 S.I..4T6 fATT (kg) i
Ikg= 10 g= 10° mg

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W= mgS
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HTT m/s

a=

(retardation) I

P= mv
ai HT TE HTGT ziT fTHTI S.I. HI5 kgm/s

W=F.3
 W Fs cos 0

10. --

fa 1.4

P=

1.2. H1T (Unit)

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Q=xu
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1.2.1. fariAIA YUnfraT (Different Unit Systems)

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eT-fahoTIT-HHS YUTt (M.K.S. System)-H YUITI HI75 AA

1.

74 HI75 fATA (kilogram)

T7VS (second)
2. eiter-H-FAUE JUTTT (C.G.S. System)-F yUITi H76 fa
ier (centimetre)

HH 51 HIZ%- F6UE (second)

HI75
3. h-T3U3-HUS yUTTit (F.Ps. System)-7 UITi
T H175-F (foot)

24T HIA 3UE (pound)

44 1 TA5- FUE (second)

4. gHO 3TEo YUTFt (S.I. System)-H STTrEH TUTCN (International system) E SIT I SH
6

1.2.2. UA (Fundamental Uniis)

1.2.3. T IA6 (Derived Units)

s
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(Fundamental Quantities and Fundamental Units in S.I. System)
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(Fundamental Unit) (Symbol)

(SI No.) (Fundamental Quantity)
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m
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(Length) Ter (Metre)

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2. (Mass) fciTAT4 (Kilogram) kg

E4417
3. HH (Time) HuE (Second)

ferga RT (Electric current) ofrrr (Ampere) A

5. TYATA (Temperature) fca (Kelvin) K

6. f ctarm (Luminous intensity) (Candela) Cd

7. TEr TA (Amount ofsubstance) a (Mole) mol

(SL No.) (Fundamental Quantity) (Fundamental Unit) (Symbol)

1. HHaC U (Plane Angle) fs4 (Radian) rad
2. 7 T (Solid Angle) Rifs7 (Steradian) Sr
 1

1.2.4.1. T HTZHÍ Tt TtHTUTT (Definitions of Fundamental Units)

on weights and
yUTE 3iata Tata bIThA AT àZH Uws ÀTH (General conference
TH T

2. fhcitT (Kilogram)-žetANTA TI T5 TUE H (International Bureau of Weights and

3. HanUs(Sccond)"qa TaUs TE HH frau rau-133 TTyes 7i (Atomic elock))

TRHTJ, 9, 192, 631, 770 r EI'"
4. Tr (Ampere)-qfy4t q qf4TT frata Ta ia TaN à qrraTa aTi (current
s
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ERT Y ZR
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3d: ARYA TI, F= 2X10-7 N/m.

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5. &a (Kelvin)-3Tf% 4rfAi 7 a f fag (Triple point) 1 aTTA 1 TTR T

TA1I T1 f fag aE aTY4T (273.16K) fTH ai 3rqeq13i at
T (lce), (Water) i arq
1

273.16

6. asT (Candela)-z iA iaT (Luminous intensity) 61 HI7 i"et nfursT (Black

body) 1
600,000

aT4T eau TTiG (2042 K) ZUR 77 FfUT1 1 ZIT 101,325 ThT EI

6023x10 T TTAT
aI zM T T (H,O)18 T4 (1x2+16 18) ze44TH 6023x10
 uRATAT (Definitions of Supplementary Fundamental unis
242. G TTAIai z

f 15-HreT at0T (Plane Angle)

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3: l=r
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2. FEtrT (Steradian)-7E 7 tU (Solid angle) 51 H1745 gTaT TI f6ri A TE ftl yrI EI

fea 1.6-T U (Solid Angle)

2)
 9

1.3. ifcas gUTcit Å 10 ara (Power of 10 in Metric System)

(SIL No.) (Power of Ten) (Name) (Symbo)

1. 10-18 e (atto)

2. 10-1 pr (femto)
10-12 s
t (pico)
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3. P
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4. l0-9 (nano)
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10-6 11 (micro)
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10-3 fre
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(milli)
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1 10-2 a (centi)
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8. 10- (deci) d

9. 10 (deca) da

10. 102 (hecto) h

11. l03 fet (kilo) K

12. 106 m (mega) M

13. 109 im (giga). G

14. 1012
a (tera) T
15. 10s ta (peta) P

16. (exa)
HT E
 11
10

13.1.TETEYuÍ aTTSfts HIa% (Some Important Practical Units)

Tn (Lengtb) = m*
2. 3TT (Volume)

(SL No.) (Practical Units) Symbol) (Values in S.I. System)

(fermi) fm 1 fm= 10 taa =

1A =1010 = m
2. TRA (angstrom)
Her (nanometre) I
nm= 10 ieT 3. àT (Velocity) = -

TSA (micron) lam= 10-6 Ha

s
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ter (kilometre) n I Am= 10 taT
= m/s
6. aTEA HI5 (astronomical AU
I AU= 1496 x 10
as

unit) 4TUT (Acceleration) -=

y izrT
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T (light year) y 1 ly= 946 x10

8. TTE(parsec) parsec I parsec= 31x 10'0 tierR
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TT (Mass)

a.m.u. x104 feATA m/s"

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I a.m.u. 1.66
(atomic mass unit) (Force) HIT X
HeAT (milligram)
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mg I
mg = 100 f6eiT4
TT (gram) Ig=10 fseiaT = friaA x tizuers
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TIE (pound) b 1
lb=0.453 cA
f (quintal) 1Q= 100 fciAT
= kg. m/s
6. 2 (tonne) = newton =N
ton= 1000 TbTTATH
HHa (Time) 6. T (Work) =
aTx faRITA
fTE (minute)
e
I mt 60 FAUS
(hour)
1h 60x 60= 3600 FUE
1.3.2. = joule= J
T HA IZC (Main Derived Unitsy
7. Tfe (Power)

1. T (Area) = =IE
watt=W
 13
2
8. T (Density)

fhTATH

kg/m rad/s
9. FT ATur 15. uft TUT (Angular acceleration) 44
(Moment of force)

-Ter
N-m
oHT X (TT) . s
se
(Kinetic enengy) = XqHT7 I HUT5 X (7 HIT) rad/s
Hiex 16. qIa (Pressure)
as

= fheAT X
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pascal= Pa
11. FT (Momentum))
Tgi (Moment of inertia) T1 x T0
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17. T

= fciATAx fbcitaTT x ter2

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kg-m
F kg-m/s
18. 3ATdT (Charge)
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12. 3TgrT (Frequency)

x Fevg= TA
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ufiqat
Coulomb=C
19. Y3TId (Surface tension)

13. UT (Angle)
N/m
20. frfa (Strain)

rad

14.uit tT (Angular velocity)

I
14

Hter
21. uRMET (Stress) = YTFhTx HhUE

Pa-s
2
pascal= Pa 27. TtaT (Capacitance)

22. fafyrz T (Specific heat)

farad=F
= fcaiATHx°C feya HT5
s
28. YrChra (Inductance)
se
calkg-°C
as

23. dga d (Electric field

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= NIC
henry=H
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24. TarHa (Potential)

29. JT AT (Latent heat)
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farctTAT
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= volt= V
= callkg
25. ufru (Resistance)
TT
30. Tai ATT JUTS
3 (Coefficient of Linear Expansion)

ohm=

26. uTTaT (Viscosity)

tx°C
 17
16

133. TTT fafAG JUTER SI JUTEt KYIT 14.2. afT Tufrai (Vector Quantities)
CGS FPS
MKS
Icm=10m I foot= 03048 m

ig= 10 ke I pound 0.453 kg

frya , i7, F

1.34 hG UT a T (Coaversion of Physical Quantities)

s
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CGS FPS
MKS
ms Icm/s10 m/s 1
fs03048 m/s F25N T m
as

m's
kgm's kgm/s I cm/s=10 kgm/s 1
1b-s= a138kgm/s
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1b/t=16kg/m
kgm Igkom
cms» 102
/mI
10hg
s=a3048m/s
m2 I
msI F-29
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Ikgf=9.8 N 1 dyme=10- N I 1bf 4,44 N

N
dync/cm *=QI Pa 1b/n= 47.88 N fT 1.7
NmPa lkgm= 98Pa 1
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Nm=J 1kgfe 9.4 |ieg 107 1b-n= 1.3558 J

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Ikgf-ms 9.8 w lergs -10-7 w 1b-fUs- 1.3558 W

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AA. 3f ei au uArai (Scalar and Vector Quautitie)

2. f a
14.1. 3fT afrai (Scalar Quantities)
3st-4, V, za, Fó, , KA, sra7, fnga sfrou, z1, Td, ai, faga fa,
 19
18
v)a7 iri (Thermodynamics)
vi) F7 (Applied mechanics)

P= fT 18 4 3TUYT ifsat (Applied mechanics)-a ifri sfa fafya agt tà zata yw,
37 (mechanisms) 7e7 3/ (structures) 37 375 ¥AY (members) TmG ¥A

vector) farda afm zukT uftATUI TAT

fui FaT (Opposite 5. zit at 3vaifa

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fa 1.10
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HRIA (SUMMARY
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12. uaT
Mi

aat (Mechanies)

14. T7 T.HTR
fe faT (statics) Ta faT. (dynamics)

T fanT (kinematics) f7 (kinetics)

3. ETT
( fA77 (Hydrostatics) =
m/s
i) aa faaTT (Hydrodynamics)
Giui)y

(h) Tg
t amfa
tea7a (Gas dynamics)
faTT (Aero dynamier)
 21

*****

16 UT (acceleration) TT TT (retardation)

=Sm/s 3T-) Tf, FTm, (in A Ta, (i) fram, à7, (iv) FT7, FfEzi, FTTd, (v) FHTM,
= (vi) fer, TfraT, yTE, (vi) K. (vii) Tvia, ätHT, (ix) Fa, 3IAI
17. FT (momentum)-- 2. 46 (mechanics) fiYTai TiAI
= iEfax a7= mXv kg-m/s
3. ft FITET TTEI
(work)
1&7d
X ( RM = Fxs| N-m J (T)
s
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6. 33 zf7 (applied mechanics)
(U.P. 2006, 07, 09)
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ar F
zf7 (right hand screi)
5 fuTT
3HRIA (EXERCISE)

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FORCE ANALYSIS

2-1 ufrey (Introduction)

2-2 HAT (System of forces)

s (concurrent
HF FTET T Ta
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ATTr AT 5TA aTT a7
parallel forces system)
T6TTAT
EIa ii
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forces system) heaT EI

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nrI fAr M64t 5 A T r

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forces system)
(non-parallel non-concurrent coplanar
TT6
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(concurrent forces system)

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1. yt aT 6T system)
HTHt aT fA17 (non-concurrent forces
Mi

2.
forces system)
3. 71 TT M57T (parallel
(coplanar forces system)
4. g7 Try a A
system)
5. Tt4 a7 HTT (non-coplanar forces
concurrent forces system)
6. HTT y5 ToT TT FBT (coplanar
7. Te4 T aT MES (coplanar non-concurrent forces system)
5 forces system)
8. y6 Triu F TT MEATT (coplanar parallel
AIT (non-parallel non-concurrent coplanar forces system)
9. 37H4TT, FHTAT 5 AT 7

(Coplanar and non-coplanar forces)

TTiY T7
I 21 Fi, F2, Fs, Fs TT Foq5
 23

7-faT non-concurrent forces)

TT (Concurrent and E, FITT Ta
2.2.2 HTT TT HHT fraT rarë v% PT fa
(Concurrent forces)-T Ti
(1) FTat a

F6, F?, Fi1 ffHe E

T
2-1 F1, F2, F's, F4 HerT Fs, F
(Non-concurrent forces)-H
(2) 3THHT

T F1, F9, F10, F HTTI Fo F2 F

2:1
2.2.3 HHTT aT (Parallel forces)
. F12

(Like parallel forces)H YhTR 5 F1

(1) FGT HATFR T
faT 21
H A 2:1T F4, F7, F10 TT F12
ETT
(2) HHGYT HAIAT TT (Unlike parallel forces)H
s
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(Coplanar concurrent Forces)
as

2.2.4 THT T Toit a

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F F TFo, P7, Fi1 B

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non-concurrent Forces)
2.2.5 T Tia HITHT aT (Coplanar
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F1, F2, F3, Fa

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T fci, sH fa 22 () H FHTT ABCD 7

fa
(Coplanar like parallel Forces)
2.2.6 u5 TtT HGNT FATAT. TA
fa 2-2

(Non-parallel non-concurrent coplanar Forces)

2.2.7 HITR PHit gi TtA TT

fa 2:2 F1, F2, F3, Fal

23 ufUTAT am (Resultant Foree)

urtvat a7 (resultant force) h6lT EI

T A7,
24 25

2:4 ai aT FATA (Composition of Forces) P (PFT a)

(active forces), ITAT (supports) sf t sfafebarë (re
aiR qiT (vector quantity) E FafT 7i T g zfT6 TT (vector addition) farer arRT TT RAT TRT 1-ar
R

(a) b)

TgH Aan (Law of parallelogram of forces), a M fTAT (Law of triangle of forces) n fryy:
2:4

2:5 HAaPAT AT HIY a (Equilibrium and Equilibrant Force)

(1) HTZTERT (Equillbrium)

s
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V2-7 a F4T TH T HA7 (Law of parallelogram of forces)
as

2) HTTeT T
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Osin 6
Ji

,
TATET, (Gi) ATTI Ocose
) HIRT a (Equitibrant force) () TTH5 5
f7 2:5
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TTT OACB 5tuita fa OÀ THT TAt, 54T: at T YT

TUTIF ofafT FH ZE tE ftit fra (system of
aR fa 2:5 a7 PTT QTTM
sh
Mi

T 5 HTT A OCM HH610T AHT 5,

oc OM + CM
(OA +AMf + CM-
= OA x OA x
+ AM +2 AM+ CM
fa 2:3
OC OA + AM +CM +2 x OA x AM
4) ai ATRTTAeT
AT6 HT (Basic propositions) CAM= 08
LBOA =6 Z
AM cos 6, T: AM=AC cos 0
AC
CM CM =AC sin 0
f AC Sin 6, s:
HTKT (1) AM TT CM HIT TEA T cos
2.6 fyus
oc OA+AC cos0 +AC sin +2* OA x AC
cos
(Free body) RT TT fyus 3TtE (Free Oc OA+ AC (cos*0 +sin 9)+2 x OA x AC
body diagram)
Oc OA +AC% +2 x OA x AC cos
F (cos0 + sin^ 6) =1
 27

26
AC OB Q5, cos - A Ei
OC R, O4- PHT TTEU T 1

FT G TAI KZAN
cos 0 R T4 77 ifs (5) a R TT HT rT cos 074 TQ TTaRT
4), -++2rQ cos )
F (5) af P
=
uftTT R 0, 3Hfra at a PaT kT F PaTQ

R-V+e+2r0 0) (II) zfa 0 90° cos cos 90°= 0

(1),
CM (6)
CM
T a OCM, tana OM OA+AM
TTH T
d, AM sT CM 7
(7), 2 HT 3
(2) T P=Qat
AC sin 8 AC=OB=QT OA =P (TV) zi FarT
sin 6
tan a OA + AC cos sin
Tan d 0 + Q cos e +cos
sin 6 s 2 sin (0/2) cos (/2) 2 sin (9/2)
cos (9/2)
se
tan a P+Q cos cos 0/2-1) 2 cos (9/2)
I+(2
sin
as

atan P+Qcos J tan a tan

2
ar L BOC B
Cl

STUTT TT
2
PSin 6
tan P
+P cos
Ji

(V)a P>Q
_
8 sin
Psin tan a
tan cos
ra

B cos
+P J P+
sin cos tan a
sh

+
fayt rd- cos 6
cos 0 =1 tan>tan a
Mi

) a-cà
(6), R- y¢e +0? + 2P0) = vicP + 0*1

R-P

) ar 6-180° cos 6 cos 180°=-1 () m fafr (Graphical Method) SHAT TSTHi EAT: OA HaT OB ST
f 2-5 ATT BI 3YJ7 HT6T ZT THT PaT Q T
R Po +ro-] = yr + 02 -2P)

RP-0 **
zTTUT
:ufITT
I30N aT 20 N à aiT srTT
qaR-v(+*+2PQ cos T
) , RTt aa sia (U.P

HT P-30 N aT Q-20N
 T-f4yT 29
28
=
() 3Tr4 uriUITit frz, cos 0 1 tft sin 10 sin 120° 10x0-866 0-577
R=v(P+Q+2P)=P+0 N
an &P + Q cose 20+ 10 cos 120 20+ 10 (-
utTUTHT 5 HTTAT TT = P+Q=30 + 20=50

(i) uitunit s fere, cos 0-1 =qT

R=V[P+Q%+2PQ(-1)]=(P-2)
a= 30

T: yttTAT = P-2=30-20 10N

=
R [20 +(-10)+2 x 20(-10) cos 60°) V (300)
R 17-32N

(7 z7i a TAT (tension or pul) Ei F0)

tan a sin
sin 60_:0
EI (U.P) - =_0-577
YIST (compression) T7 20 N T T P+Q cos6
(10N 20+(-10);
30°

Q 10N (vis) s
se
(U.P) ON
o P=20 N ()
YTRUITAT,
Q=10 N HTT,
V(60+40+2 x 60 x 40 x cos 45)
as

R 45
120
(3600+ 1600+ 4800 x 0-707)
3T JGT 40N
Cl

92-7 N
P 20 N T) fa 28
(UP BTE)
fa
Ji

2-7
f 26
R- P+ +2P0 cos 8
ra

cos 0)
R(P++2PQ cos
(20+102+2 20 x 10 cos 60) -26-4N P P+P?cos
+2P
sh

= *

HTT YTTT R, 20 NT a UT, 7 P=2p+2P e

Mi

sin
tan P+0cos cos

cos cos 120°

10 sin 60 10x 0-865
tana20 + 10 cos 60 25
= 0-345 . 120°
a = 19-1° 34187UT 5: Y7 fE T 7N gT 10 N T7 T TEI Y7 12 fiAT7 T RT STT RY
(u.P)

-
)5 fait-ra 2:7 6it THTs 9R OA TAT OB ERI 54T: 20 N aT 10N
77 A TAT
HI 7 HAT 10 i 5T yfUTAT 7N Ta T HAI 1
1HT
7 BO O fm B A5 TF R BO = OB
tan o
P
Ta-tanG
7 10 N

T aT = 90
12 NT TT 7 TT 10 aftreaa vfUTT f 12 N
tt 10N
7 T okla7N
7:YOT, griR= (20+10+2*20x 10 x cos 120) =17:32 N 10 RTT T TTAT ndI SET 12N Ram
qAT 20 fAT aT TA YRVITHT
a 5tVT TA7T, T fa 2.9
 31
30

a = an"7 ()8, 20= p+2P0

p2 + PO-202= 0 T (P-)(P+20)=0
P
TP-2
+2PQ cos e )P/2 (UR BTE)
R-P2 +
P 5t7, a = 90° 7: rgear ufori, R=p2+Q3+2PQ cos
fr 2-11 zaÅ kud fas t i A TÀ ufTt R' T

R 2 + P2 +2P cos
20
cos 1=8+8 cos 6
s 2+2
4
T
8 cos
se
-7
fT 2-10 fT 2-11
0 cos -7/8)/ 3TR
TETSTUT 9: # A7 15 N fTTT (pul)j F
as

DAR /8
tan aP
20 sin 0 tan 90°=o 25 N/TIST (push)J Ei z7 T 45* ÈI A ET vfr-t
+ 20 cos6 (equilibriant force) T A ZIT TT TTT
7 gT
Cl

P+20cos 6 = 0
: 2-12 5 gITT ZT aTT a7 OA TT BOETT (J 25N
TAT H75, I cm = 5 N) TEfTT 6tI
R + P(P+2Q cos 0)= Q+Px (0)
. O r TE T 15N
Ji

OB B' T5 B0 = OB'
R= .R=QTQ=R
ETUT 7: TT P r Q TvR7-? V(3) x Q E,
*PÜ 30° 5T T TT EI E PU
ra

(U.P BTE)

igT7 77 (equilibriant force) R', uftuAT R TTT TTT

p +Q +2PQ cos
sh

3) favêr fem ETT TOD ETT HT TT RT aTaia rTI

20 p+ 2PQ cos
yfo R= HigF a77-R=18N 3TT
Mi

fT 2-12
tan30° sin cos
GP+Q
(U.R BTE)
(P+Qcos ) = I3) Osin e
+ cos e +2PQ cos
=30 sin? e
:T4 frfa
p+2P cos +40 cos g =
30 sin?e +30 cos e P sin 6
T () a, 20+4Q cose = 30 tana2P + P cos 6
cose cos Erita fef
0=60 2P T 2 * 2P= 4P TTAT TT P RIA R P+ 120 a&I 9UTt RAT ET T
ETT,
(P+ 120) sin 0
tana4P + (P + 120) cos6 .i)
 33
32 -f9T

Psin 6 (P+120) sin 6 24T QH9T AB T AD ErRT AETNT E EI

2P + P cos 4P +(P + 120) cos6

P 120

8.1 7 àyT YH TT 7 (0ther Form)

P=P
P sin
tan ao + P cos

tan45
P sin
PN2 + P cos
454
s
se
far 2-13 HITSAT OA TaT OB aRT
Sin6 HTT Pa QAt ATT
I
2+ cos 6
- cos = V2
as

Fig. 2.15
sin

OB = OC2+CB2
Cl

2 Sin B-V2 cos =1 OB (0A + AC

+CB
- coscos
R-(P+Q cos +(0 sin 9
Ji

sinsin =1 R2= P2+0 +2PQ cos

coscos 6- sin 8 =1. R P+0 +2PQ cos
ra

sin
4
Qsin 6
cos co yfT RAT,
tana P+Qcos
sh

3-8.2 ai fayT A faATA (Converse)

Mi

T: 0= 180°-=135°
4
2-8 ari fyT T a (Law of Triangle of Forces)

AETTA dI
Sit feT 54T: AB TT AC TT urUTTHT
AB TT AD AC=R

T:HTRYTRT ÀP, QTT RHT: yT ABC 57 TITAT AB, BC TAT CA EIT TUTTT ATYT BTAEI

9 THt a y7 (Lami's Theorem)

(a)
f7 2-14
 34
35

.
(trigonometrical) &I
(97Ti)
(vectors) OA, OB AT OC AIT ZT E EI

TAT RATRYTTRT E, FHTTR PQT

3r4 P,O faa 2-16
(a) (b)

2-17
1
HTT AC HAT fACTETI
AD 7 5 fay Au À A ABC AB FT BC ftUTHT, AC aTT AETTA
LAOB a (P TT Q7 5 ar7
LAOC = B (P TT R T 5 A7 H s
,
se
L BOC Y

T AyT OAD
LAOD = 180°-B
as

L OAD = 180°- a
gUT (open polygon) HTJETT
L ADO = 180°-y 5
Cl

ayT OAD FeaHtd T T (sine formula)

Ft T
AD DO
aTe T (closing side) gTT TuTaAT fARTa z*
7 2-17 (a) ard fg O T P RTT S TT T T T gi T ABCDE 5HITT
Ji

sin LADO sin LAODsin 204D

HTTT AB, BC, CD aT DE ZRT fraNa f T T
OA AD DO
ra

sin(180-y)sin (180 -)sin (180-a)

aTtT FrsTva TTI gT AE gT IT & RT AE AB, BC, CD m DET AYT
OA AD DO
sh

sinysin B in
77 FHT OA, AD TAT DO HITAN TT P QHAT R AaT at ë, FHTTT
Mi

R
Sin y sin B sin a
F arT TET *I qTM TTST S m TT 12 m EI
3ETETOT 12:90 N 5 T i TÍ

(U.R BTE)

5 HITT TK C, AC TAT BC TT TU TET E

2-10 a7 aEHT T 4 :R 2-18
(Law of Polygon of Forces)
PI5 AB = 13 m, BC= 5 m 5241212m
ATAC= 12 m

13 2
AC
AB = BC+
LACB = 90°
HT
Tš HAT 5 z7 Yuri IT feAT
EA ETT
aa aë, faa 2-17 (b) T aH, ABCDEA ATTHTT
HT AB, BC, CD, DE
36
13m
37
90-8)

5m
12 qei r, P =250 N

W 250
Sin 30 sin (180+ 60) Sin 90
9ON
fa 2-18 250
0-5-sin 60 faz 220
90
sinZPCBsin ZPCA sin 90°
W =
250x 0-5 = 125 N
=
2 -250 x sin 60 -250 x 0 866 =-2165N
(90 + 0)
90
s
se
sin (180-6) sin 1 PTT WTAa (tension) a K QaiHIT (compression or thrust) M 7I

90
as

sin 0 cos 6
(UPBTE)
T-90 sin0 T T2=90 cos 8
Cl

T: 1. TurrH faft-
A ABC (7
Sin 8= cos
221 (a) feerd rgar TË
Ji

A ABC, Ac 53-32
T90x3461 N
AC = 4
m
5 2kN
(a)
ra

Th 2 Cos
90x 13
83-08 N sin TT 65 faz 2-21
34T8TUT 13 : 500 3
NT T
sh

Y Tr dT À 30° P
E f4¥HAT 2000
AK sin (90+0) sin 90 sin (180-0)
Mi

: 2-196 TTHN ATT

16 ITT TATA 2000 (b)
2000N
TNaI aT T HBE4T RN sin
H7-T
/30 P 2000 x *2666-67 N 1 &-500 N
f 2 21
sin (30+90+30) T
sin (180 W W 50ON
= 3333-33N
30) sin (90 2000 x
-30) fa 219
R 500Sin 150 2. T5 faf (graphical method)-

S00 xcos 60 3gAT FATTT Ht

1 = S00 N T YTT HPR 2000 N t 4 Rt Fst Gaier tar Im
S00 » 221 (b)
Sin 60

500 xcos60 R= 288.7 N

Sin 60 500x2
T T=288.7 N
38
39

100
Sin a sin (180 B) sin y
HTY 7, nl=52 HT P=5-2 * 500= 2600 N
:
mn = 6-6 Ht, sA: Q=66 500=
x 3300 N 100
Sin a sin Sin y
..)

() f7 223 (a) atr I ,7 7 4T: 7 mn, i

BC AC
sin a sin ß sin y ...i)
45
7: () fa 222 rgar T 5 TT TT P5HRT: PT Q kN 5
T7 (TIE)30
P 100
P 100
BC ACAB
sin 30 sin (360 75) sin 45 100
x7
KN

s P = 87-5 kN, TT
se
100
0.5-0.966 0-707
fa -12- 150 KN, T=T
as

2-22
100
0-707x0-5 = 707 kN, TATE
(U.P BTE)D
Cl

100
0-707 0-966=-136-83 kN T-A1T HATST AB, BC TT CA ETT fHEfTaT T FI D
Q
136-83kN,FUIS A ABCT 5AtA 5 cos ET
Ji

(i) 2-23 (6) T 223 (a)

ATTT T I AHT abc 100 kN T R TaI baart,ai " cos BCA cos
AC+ BC2- AB2
C= 2ACx BC
ra

(180- Q

P6P0P-
sh

m (180--a) 2x8Px 5P
L BCA = 60°
Mi

700 | fa 2-24
100kN kN L DCA = 180-2 BCA= 180 60 120
Bm (a)
TETETOT 18: 100 N 47 6 TT 8m 7ai zt 3iri T 3T EI R 3 T 6 fT 4T *

(U.P BTE)
faz 223 : f 2-25 (a) 7TAN HTAT 5 sitat 4 aA PTaT QN EI 3itti AB
TAT
BCTaiR BD

100
P sin (180 -a) sin (a +B)
sin (180-B)
sin(180
a)sin(a+1)sin(180
100 100
1) sin B sin a sin (a + B)
 TAABC cos q AT
bc = 9-06 cm
cos (90-a) 2x6x12 144 o00 2 9-06 x 10 90-6 N
ca- 10-07 cm
Sin a 0-806
P 10-07 x10 100-7 N 100
cos(90-P)
0596
2x8x12
12m.
3T8TU7 19: 100 N 4 7 YE HATA 33 AB, F5 4TE7
50

(90-6) (U.P BTE)

(a)
: 2-26 (a) F THTT 100 N taT Ti GT (a)
10CN
6m
-100
(180-7(180-P a (180-

, s =
se
50
50 rag-60
100 N A ABC sin
100 8- 30

r
as

A ABC M, AB 7 gtaT AC OM TATAT

,FHY OH CB q7
f BTI
(b)
Cl

(b) 7 A ACOi AC= OC STA: 2 CAO-2 AOC

A ABO 2 ACB = 90-0
90-30- 60 fe 2-26
fa7 225
sin B 0-896
AACO L CAO=LAOC=60°
Ji

L0AB 30
cos(a+P) 4
2x8x6 96-0-458
ra

cos
(a+) 021 100
sisin(a+B) =1-cos
(a+)1-021
sh

= 0-79 sin (180 60) sin 120 sin (180 60)

(a B)= 089
+

P R 100
Mi

P sin 60 sin 60 sin 60

0-896D.
0-896 0-806 00 P 100 N aT R- 100N
0-89
0-896
P 00x
0-89 100-9 N

-x0-806
0-89 90-7N T: 228 (a) ï sa-u reraT TTI
ab 10 a, dien ria Eha,faa 225 7 ABC faa 2:25 (a) i A ABC, AM - MB AT AC MN
(b)
TI T bà U TET
ON TT a CN= NB
BC THI LACB + LABC - LDAB
2 ABC- 30°
PETTT
EA1 beTal ca 30+ LABC 60..
AB AC- 10 m
K- cau
AC AB, CN NB, fUUR TIKTT GTUN VT
AL
TUT AN3VasII
LABN LACN
ABNHHTT E1 cos0 V(1- sin^ 0)
: A ACN šiT A
LANB+ LANC = 180° [I-(0-415) ]
LANB ZANC=90° (1-0-172)
LBAC 180-60 120° ..
cos = V (0-828) = 0-91
LBAN = 2CAN= 60° 1om 24-5
De T1 x 0-415 10-38
25
(a) T2 C
(O 25x091 22-75
50
60
sin
P

(180- 60)
R.30)
sin (180- sin 90 25
sin 0 sin (90 0) sin 90 2-30

5m- 2i1 aa T6T

s farea (Resolution of a Force) B3
se
50N
P 50x =433 N
fa-2-28
as

R 25 N
Cl

T 1
cm-10N HTT u tET ab=5 cm ZTT 50 N HTR TaskT fra, Aa 2:27 () aTI
Ji

bc =
25 cm T HTT& à faufea TT HrE5 (Components)
R
2:5x 10 25N
ra

ca 4-3 cm
P 43 x 10 43 N
:6
sh

34IETT 21 FT67 TÜ UTA AB,

aT L 7T
Mi

far 2:31

: 2:29 (a) (U.P BTE) ftt a fi feyTai faufea (resove) T

3aT TAHTT g5
I abúI
57A E1 T TY HTT 5 OC
OA T OB HuT (components) T
HT (S N) ziza zrdi b
I sfafaT R
T be
À T 625 N L BOC LACO=B ( R
ET
R be 625SN A 0AC L04C [iS0 -(a *B)I
(sine formula) HTT ",
22: TA O4C T 7
25 aT sla®-0-415, (b)
OA OC
(a)
sin B
C=- sin [liS0
sin a - (a + BN fr 232
f 2-29
BTE)
(U.R
 45

sin
P B sin a sin (a + p)
R sin
= 0A sin (a + )
2 (90-)
R sin a
a
OB sin (a + ) P 0 R sin a
fT 2:34 faz 2:35

(Rectangular resolution of a fore)

t a 7q fTai * aefai T
2-11.1 freh aa irzai (components) FAT fazfa TT (resolved parts)T T
TT (resolved parts) 58it I
s
se
FaE (Components) fautfoa 4TT (Resolved Parts)

(90-
as
Cl

OA TT OB TRT R AHT: PT Q fPuisT TT AaTT EdEI fa7 2:33

H1-T R OX T a B T JEI EI
Ji

AOAC
OA
ra

oc cosa ar OA =AC cossa

Ta (Resolution of concurrent coplanar forces, their resultant and condi-
P R coS a
sh

AC tions of equilibrium)
f7 HH76T AAOC, OB. OB=AC-2
TE
Mi

fAet FL, F2, F3, Fa STr yefsia fèTAT TŠ

AC
OC a T AC= OCsin a
Sin
f 236 () fr OT TT
SAiR aT qATT FI
Q Rsin
a HTT 5 TT F1, F2, F3, F ATE ox 6HT: a, B,y, 8

PR cos aa

Q Rsin a
Fa
H=Rcos a
V Rsin a

H
Rsin a
V= Rcos
a
fa2 2:37
fa 2:36
46 a-f7
Fi cos a. F: cos
B, F3 cosy TF4 cos 8 TFTT HUT
7: 7 HTT (Coplanar and Concurrent)
ad # TTT F7 T aTT
sin y aT Fa sin 5
Fi sin a. F; sin ,Fj
T ax
a*FaTT T faifa KT T (+ ve) T (-ve) 37TTI 3aTETOT 23: 10 7 & F AT 3 T 6 7à fariŽ #*A (cemponens) PA TTTI
r T) f aat K: f7 2-38
TT T R-10N #ZE P QE,
(UPBTE)
a7
P-siaB
P-sin(a -)
2 ut (Reahen) sin (ca B) 10N
sin 60
10(30 10sin 30
Psin 60) g sin (30 60)
2-38
Fcos a-F;cos p+Fscos+ Fcos6 12) s P- 5sisN
se
Fsh a+ F sin
+Fg sin y + Fsin 10-5N
as

13)
Cl

(UPBTE
14) : f 2-39 AÅ Rm 20 N T7,
P 20 cos 45
Ji

20 0-707 -1414 N T
ta
fas 237 E (15)
ra

a i faai s7 -Rcos0-X 20 sin 45" - 1414N

sh
Mi

Eaaa STR (Condtions of Equilibrium)

(UPBTE)

: 2-40 T
13856 N
P 1600 cos 30 1600x0-366

X0 -0
Y-0 EY-0

SFT -P- R 30
sin f3
R A
A8
49

R sin30 -2kN
**

QT = 125 N
1.732 kN
R cos 30-2 x 0-866
=
Q cos 30
P2

3aTOT 27: 100 N I MT (ball)

yes 150 cm T 3I art dei E| MT 7 TH X = Pi cos 30- P2 sin 30
20 * 0-866 - 10 x 0-5 P2 sin 30" 20 Pcos 30x
30 cm KTT BEI IT T TT EtT 17.32-5
=

F7:f 2-42 UFFarT Tis TAH ABa 12:32 N (TT SR)

Y= P1 sin 30-P2 cos 30 P1 sin

3
20 x 0-5- 10 x 0:866
LABM= a 10-8-66
s = 134 N (ATU
fa 244
r)
se
20
100
150 50 Cm R +)=V(12:322+134)
sin (90 + da) sin (90 +90- a) Sin 90 12.4 N
cm
as

a
100
,
Cl

COS o
Sin
79ay 100 N zfAT t, 200 N Et T, I50 N À 60° gS #T aT 180 N THT-TfP7
P= 100 cos a J --
30
4
A ABM, sin a 120 (UPBTE)
Ji

=
150 5 7:TUTTTa fafr-fa 2-45 TVTATTEATT TT fAaTY TA EI 5 JATT fa HTA
cos a (1-sinf a)
1100N
ra

fa7 2-42 X = - 130 +0+200+ 150 cos 30-180 cos 45

-130 +200+ 130 127= 72.6 N

sh

180 sin 45
Y= 0-100 +0+ 150 sin 30
+ 180N
P 100x-60N 100 + 75 + 127 102.3 N
Mi

= - ON

R-V+?)=V[(72.6} + (102.3) 1 = 125-4 N 45 00N

(UPBTE)
102.3
1409
-
130N
100N
tan
Pa 10 NN
6 54-6 fa7 245
R= 125-4 N
- R =

TAT 5
TT
P.20 N Pa 10 N ee fatt 1
cm= 20 N 6T
THTAT
b 130 a

P 20N 120 gT ab, bc, cd, de TAT efaTNT TEÍTT DaT EI HT 100
(a)
200
R 125-3 N fa 246
fax 243
 51
S0
547 10v55N
R R-125:3N B tan 2T B26-565
2
V3,4,2
T1
(UPBTE)
(UPBTE)

EL
90 R sin R sin B

30° 60 Psin(90+p) cos R R

tan B

cos 60+2 cos 90°+I

cos 120°
X =3 cos 0°+V3 cos 30° +4 2
tan B T = tan ß ..)
-3201-sw 120- s R
se
R sin 90 R
60°+2 sin 90° +1 sin 120°
3 9 sin (90 +B) cos cos B .11)
Y =3 sin 0°+V3 sin 30°+4 sin
as

120
-0432+1 tan 8 x cos p= sin
Cl

=0-866+3-464 +2+0-866 5R
7-196 N faT 2-47
cos
sin B
Ji

5
R-Yo+ P)=V[«62+(7-1961= 9-368 N
tan 1-199 cos
ra

T (2) T,

tan (1 199) = 50-17

sh

31:5 TvRTT (vertically upwards)

e7 7 f a 20 N 7 7t7i

ETEYOT 33: T5 TETi g T7 (hanging

chain) TFT
Mi

(UPBTE)
:T 2-48 5 HTT, P= 10 N
IT TE F=20 N TT a = 90°1 75|T T 6
(UPBTE)
ABC fres T Ei fd A TT CT
7: Ra 2-49 d7
F sin B 20N-F
10 P = 20sin B_20 sin
10 sin (a + B) sin (90 + Q W-150N
P)cOs
sin 10 ABTT CB TT TAa EI fa 2-49
cos 202 an W
90a sin [180-(45 + 30)P
10N (90+30)° sin (90 +45)°
P= sin
faa 2-48
F sin a sin 135° sin 105°
20 Sin 90 sin 120°
52
53
150=155-28
T
sin 60
2 45sin 75
sin 0.965
13447 =
155-28 x 0-866 = 134-47 N S
T1

T2
15528 x sin 60° =
15528 x sin 45°= 155-28 x 0-707= 109-78 N T P T

AM5
à ge SAT
BH
Q HaIEi (54T TTs S,

P+Q
N

, M

faa 2-51
T s
se
sin (90+20) sin (90 +20)
P
as

sin (70 + 70)

30
T 30
Cl

AGJHT6Y (similar) E
sin 70° sin 70° sin 40° 0.643
=
467
P 30N T T, HT ACOT
AC OC
I70 7
AG G
Ji

T 46-7 x sin 70
AYT BCO RAT BHK HH6T (similar) ë
I
ET
x 0-939
= 46-7 f6 TAT aRT
43-8 N BC OC
ra

BH HK
sh

H Tcos 70°=43:8x 0:342 ACS OCP

0C/Q BC P
Mi

= 1498 N BC/S
B TT RITaftT T, V T sin 70°=43-8 x 0-939
TET 2-50
= 41-13 N
2-13FHHTt PxAC Qx BC
TParallel Forces)

(1) g Laws)
aIagiR A7 (Practical
fyus T
HT HATTT TTT (Like Parallel Forces)
T YTUIIHT
PT
O ATTT ai

AJaTT
 54

ft ar f fg c (yfrust (P- Q)
55

(2) fuS T HGIT 7T HHT7

YHITT a (Unequal & unlike paral.
l forces)
utTUT
H (3) , T

uftut PxAC=Qx BC

P-Q
HHGT FT 3TH4TT HHITT a 5 a8TT fA (Practical Laws)

HI T AMJG AT BNKH T T s
se
JETETUT 35: AGA TR TÍ T vRTT 5 N a uffr=t zrT S7 TA À20 i 25 cm
(UP BTE)
g
as

HT S YtTTTAT Q1, HTT TT RT AHITR

Cl

YTRUITHT,

C THTT, -20 Cm
EAT: A TT B Z1T O HTT T HD =P-Q-5N
R
o
Ji

PTT TEi S aaT P Huf PxAC = Qx BC -25 um

A N
3| TES S, AG
5 AHIR TAT P P* 20 = Qx25
fe P Qx (5/4)
ra

2:52
fas 2-53
(1) PT TT 7,
sh

Q=5x4=20 N
-0-5
P
,A
20 x (5/4) = 25 N
Mi

H77 150 NAT 100 NE, Z *2m gi r

IETT 36: HAZT A7477 HT
fc
TaT u,
fafa (UPBTE)

AT ACO aT AGJ HTAT (similar) E

I
AC CO TOT AB
Teat 8i
4C.co TaT: C
TaT G
I ET
AT BCOT BHK EAT (similar)
150 N
ë1 R 150- 100 S0N
BH
AC/S CO/P 150 x AC= 100 x BC

BC/S CO/0 150 Xr= 100 x (2+) 100N

fa 254
BC ii)
100
*=4m
50
TT-TT ETTI
aAT 100 N T
t st far rar 150
 T461T A CDG , 57

CD
tan60 GD 7 CD
(UPBTE) GD GDtan 60
CD 25x 1732
T:TAT 120 N
r 140 N T7T: A TT B AC AD-CD 75-43-3 -
433 cm
31-7cm
BC 150-317- 118-3cm
fax 2:55),
R 120+ 140 260 N X -
RA+ Rp1kN
120 x AC 140 x BC
RAAC Rg * BC x 31-7 Rg
R 1183
120 xr = 140 x (60-x) 120 N
140 R Rg X 3-735

:
r 32-3 e farz 2-55
N
(1) T, RX 3-735+ Ra=1
JTETUT 38 1500 N T
5 YT zT Ar 2 HiET YF aTT # TET7 TTT
s Rp 4-135 0-21 kN
se
RA1-021 079 kN
24
as

TRTRT R TZT
RI YTTTHT
CT 1500 N 5 FA 600 N
Cl

2
1500 N (UPBTE)

fa 2:56
Ji

RA+ Rg 1500 N
600 N
RA
ra

Xa: R 1500-600 900 N

aT aTA 900 N HTR H6A ETTEI
50 cm
sh

RAx AC Rg x BC
600 PxAC *BC
x900 x(2-x)
Mi

x 1-2 m
KTT 39: 150 cm 8T S0 cm n )
M 1 kN TI yT H

(centre ofgraviy) cm
346 uata (geometrlcal
centre) T
f 2-58 () THTT
TA
15 fuT 23

3,
x AC Px BC
ACIBC PIQ
TAT
fA TTB AATd AN: RA
a1 Rgt afT
A
1 kN
far 2-57 UP BTE 2000, A)
58 -TT 59

yP +0+2PQ cos TT5 fRafT 6 =90° TAT R = Vi3 N Ta

7 R= 30P+ +2PQcos (90° +B)
P+Q +2PQ cos 90° (30 P2+g-2P0sin B
i3
900
P+-2P (P)
Vi3
P+ 900 0-P
p+0 13
.) 900
(Q+ P)(Q-P)
900 (50)(Q-P)
7T0 30 R= (13 + 6V3) N TT&I ST: JT
-P= 18 ii)
ya3+63)P+@*+2PQcos30
03+65) y13+2P0x 5/2 P 16N 7T -34N
geTER 43. 7 3tfat arT 40N Y5 4T E} HTET fAT AATI zR 3RAT AAa ATT 30° TT 45
13+63 13+ POV3 s (UP BTE 2010)
se
PQ = 6
..(n)
(P+ p+Q+2PQ
as

(P+0 13+2x6=25 40
P+Q 5
sin(90°+45°)sin (90°+30°) sin 105°
Cl

P 3N
Q 2N 30 45-B
Ji

(UP BTE 2004)

105 T
F6 R=30 N, a = 90°aaT P<Q
ra

302 A45
P+Q 50
..)
sh

tana sin
P+ cos 0
a-90°
.
Mi

FHfed 0=90° +

sin (90°+B) 40N

tan
tan 90°
90P+Qcos(90°
+p) 260

Qcosp 40
12. 0.9659 I.41
P-2 sin fa 2:59 cos 45 coS30
41.41 x 0.707 29.28 N
cos T
P- sin B=
=0
72 41.41 x0.866
= 35.86 N

P Qsin B
(UP BTE 2008)
50

b
(400- F7+F+2FF cos120
(400 2-F =}
s0

7g7TTiNT
7 ZETSTT 46. it rT 3 KN, 12N2 kN
FiF2
7
400N
3/2 kN E71 , J7-TÅ aT atr7-qPr
(UP BTE 2005)

50° X 3+122 sin 45°-3/2 cos 45

S0 N 3+12/-2*
261 f 2:62
s - 12 kN
se
P
sin (90°+S0) sin 90
50
sin (90°+ 40° Y 12/2 cos 45°-32sin 45
as

P
50
cOs cCOs405
4065-27 12/7-x
Cl

v2
P= 65.27 x 0.6427 41.95 N
9 kN
Q- 65.27 N = Vi22+92=15 kN
?+2
Ji

R
TGR7 RAT TTI TÍ F; 7 T 400 N
TF 9ir F2 I 4T TA iA i (UP BTE 2001, 05)
ra

FTT F vftIAT 120° HE7

122 cos 45
À
TaIT: uftoTAt F1TF2 /122 kN
sh

FTa 60°5 1 411

Tan a O
Mi

P+Qcos

Sin 120°
an 60 2
F+F2cos120° 120 120 122 sin 4
3/2 cos 45
W ** 3 kN
V xV3/2 45
1/2)
T F 40ON

--F FiF2
fa 2-63

3/2 KN
3 sin 45°

P-Fi, 0-F2TI
FiR RP+
F-400N,9 120°z +2PQcos0 faa 2:64

T
 52 63

tan Y2-0.75
12
e tan (o.75) 36.87 ( )
T 47. FÄPQRS 20, 30
FU7 40 N TFE PO. SP T RPT 7 FATA
EI
(UP BTE 2003)
T 726 G G
PQRSI r-265 (a) Ei7iàP7
20-40 sincos45- 20-2828-&28
N
--
ft7, Y--30-40 45- 30-28.28 S828 N
=-s28 -(-5s.28)
R-r3 C

589N
s -450 mm 450 mm-
se
fr 66 fuz 267
as

RE Rg
4 s4S 20N
RF 360+ 1200 1560ON
Cl

40 N
30N Rp sin = 1200
Ji

1200 1200
30N
Rp sin8 o62000 N
Rpcos Rc
ra

20 N
40 cos 45 RG 2000 x 0.8 1600 N
RE Rg1600 N
sh

faT 265

tan 7.038 (UP BTE 2001)

Mi

:HTAT P=40 N, -30 N

0 ta (7.03s)- 81. R =
P-0
NaT B
IETT 48.
77
AsT A TB
200 mm 3777 HTT 360
7-266
NÈI TFT 7
a Ra iIA a 300 mm st TY 1200
450 mm tipiI TÍ A foai i Ti MUE
40-30=10N

(UP BTE 2009)

A: AB = 100+1S0 = 250 mm, BC= 450
-250 200 mm P- 40 N
mm
AC=V250-2002 Is0
AABC
=4C 150=
sin AB 0.6
250
cos
-08
B 250 f 268
Q 30N
54 65

PxAC Q x BC
40 xx 30x(2+*
6m
(UPBTE)
N sT F3= 750 N T F TF2 TImu E7 T F2 T T
(UP BTE 2002)
aT: fa-2.72 (a) 5 JT

T6T Fi 250 N, F 750 N aT AB= I m,.

j6 s Kga
F
PxAC Qx BC
Pxa-Qxb
1 m
TF2 YITHTT, F2Fi+F3 X
Pxa=Q0-a)
250+750 = 1000 N
Fi xAC F3x BC f 2-69 Q+P
250 x
1
= 750 xx
Pl
250 s b-i-a= +P
se
m +P
7So033
750

+R
as

(UP BTE 2004)

Cl

C
-a-
EI zf AC a, BC = b aT AB = 18
CR TTT =
(6)
Ji

(a)
PxAC Qx BC Q

Pxa= Qxb P 2-71

ra

Pxa=Q-)
=
AC (a-x), BC b+x
a A
sh

P+Q2 QxAC PxBC

2(a-x) Px(b+x)
-l-
Mi

Qa-QxPb+Px
P0 fT 2-70 Qa-Pb = Qx+Px

PxA'C = 0 x BC
(+P)x
P=Prra, P x [s+(a-s)]-0* (b +s)
+P)x
Pr+ Pa-Ps =Qb +0s +PL
Pr+PPrP - 0-P)
Pr Ps +s

P+0
66 a-A 67

(UP BTE 2011)

A X 70 cos 50° 80 cos 25°+50 cos 45°

70 x 0.642 + 80 x 0.906+ 50 0.707
50N 152.77 N
30 N
AC AB+ BC Y= 70 sin 50° +80 sin 25°- 50 sin 45°
so 30+40 70 x 0.766+80 x 0.422- 50 0.707
LABC 90, 0 =90 40 N = 52.03 N

fax 2-72 R-r+y

cos
=08
AC s yi52.77 +52.03 - 161.38 N
se
0 cos (0.8) = 36.8°
90°-0 90°-36.8°= 53.2
as

LBAC
70N
180-0 =180°-36.8°-143.2" N
80
Cl

e2 180-L BAC=180°-53.2° = 126.8°

7o cos 5o
ocos 25
5
Ji

50 cos 45
(UP BTE 2011)
ra

RA
50N
LACD 25 a LBCD= 65
sh

faz 2-74 fas 2-75

52.05-034
Mi

RA wwwwwwwt tan 152.77

sin (90°+25) sin (90°+65°) sin 90°
tan' (0.34) = 18.7° (X-I T a)
_W a-25° RA B=65° 10N
Cos25
w
0.906 fa 273
gfaT, RA 500x 0.906 453 N X
6N
Rp 500x 0422 211 N

+ cos 225
X=6 cos 0°+8 cos 45°+10 cos 135°
15
(UP BTE 2009) i0.60
6+5.66-7.07-
-6.01 N
fas 2-76
 69

Y 6 sin 0°+8 sin 45° + 10 sin 1350 +15 sin 225 Ry-20-40 = 0
10.60
0+ 5.66 +7.07- T Ry= 60 kN
2.13 N
R x2+r? =-6.01)* +(2.13)2 Ryx0+RH*0+ Rg x =c-20 x b-40x a=0
Rg x2-20 x 1-40 x 5 0
- 6.38 N
Rg 220=110kN
OX-3 T fm, 0 =tan!=tan5
-6.01
vg R Rg = 110 kN, TA frg o vfTÅ sfc,
R {1103 + 602 =1253 kN
= - 19.5" (OXÀ H ti Ro R + =

(UP BTE 2010)

ftTt, R
P +0 +2P0 xcos 0. s
se
T6et faurt , 14
P+0? +2PQxcos 60
as

20 kN
40 kN
14-P+0 +2P0x1/2
Cl

++P-196
136-P+Q + 2PQ cos 90
Ji

FHT (i) HT7 (i) ¥z , P+-136

136+ PQ = 196
..i)
ra

T PO 60 i)
(P+0-P+Q+2P
sh

(P+ 136 +2x 60 Go01=16Q 4,J0

P+ 16
-256 9 um ummmn TUmmnnummn

2-159440.iv)
Mi

0-Co (o
P -10 N; Q-6N a-1o
G19-1o) -619-1
Ry
faT 2-77

HTTIT (SUMMARY)
b=Im,c=2m. fT i JTT (play) RTI
(UP BTE 2012)

I. aT TaRTUT (Force analysis)

EX 0,
RH-Rg 0
RH
R 2. A7 (System offorces)
EV- 0,
 71
70

1. FAT TT MAT7 (concurrent forces system) (Law of parallelogram offorces)

2. HTT TT A17 (non-concurrent forces system)
3. FATR 7 6 (parallel forces system)
4.
TiT aT Pasra (coplanar forces system)
5. f4TY a7 PT (non-coplanar forces system)
6. zimt ga T T ART (coplanar concurrent forces system) (analytical method) (7 248)
(1) TUTT6 fat
7. Tt 3reT-t ae Aara (coplanar non-concurrent forces system)
8. y Toa FH T7 AE7 (coplanar parallel forces system) R-VP +0 +2P0 cos 0) Osin 6
9. 7497, rrimst ys aTHT Ta frarT (non-parallel non-concurrent coplanar forces system)
3. FT44 (Point of concurrence)
sin 6 A FOcosA
4. HGT (Like) TeIT 37FHGT (Unlike) FAT aT tan a p + cost
s P sin
fa 2-78
se
tan + P cos
s. uRUTTHTt a (Resultantforce)
as

fayt (a) Ta 0 =0° R P+Q

R- P +Q
Cl

(b) 70= 90°

(c)T0 180 R=P-0

Ji

(d) P=2
7. HTRTeT (Equilibrium)
ra

()T7 P>0 QTt 248 TATT OA

TAT OB Z
sh

SITT Ti PTAT

() Tfrn HTATTT (Static equilibrium):

(2) 5 fafu-i Tugs îHrT HTT
Mi

forces)D
() E FNRTEAT (Dynamic equilibrium):
T TTUA (Law of Triangle of
11. at a5 1T

8. TT (Equillbriant force)

9. a TATaRNT5 HD AT (Basic propositions)

TaTH (Converse)
12. YT TH
 12 73

|13. FTA T y (Lami's theorem) 20 F7T (conenrreny

s ia (coptanar) it at fut (resolutiom) 37 7RVT
(9tH
fa 2:49 TT i,
R
sin 7 sin B sin a

14.7t ya fama fr 2-79

15, agIT
af fart
4
T T ,
(Law of Polygon offorces)
uaUT AT fT qs (closed polygon) faa 2-82 (a)
faT 2-82 (b)

fr 252 () TETT
s fuif HT 7 uPrtT Ti,
ox-fRam ¥
se
cos o
X-DX-Fi cos a+Fz cos +F
as

T aIFi FT (closing side) ETRT UTAT fasTV ETT T Y= 2Y=F1 sin a+ F2 sin B+.. + F4 sin 8

R-
Cl

17. T T TerET (Resolution ofa force)

5,T YATT a T TT FNES (components)

tan 6=
Ji

f 2-50 T7 R5 51T a aAT ß a HT6, 180-(a+

X-R cos8 Y Rsin 6
ra

R sin B R sin a
P sin (a+B) sin (a +) fa 2-80
sh

18. a 7T faatTT (Rectangular resolution)

R=0 x2 +2
X-2-OTY-2Y=0
Mi

TT (resolved parts) h6IR EI (TT 2:51)1

(90-a)
P Rcosa aT rdT fufsr HTT|H-Rcos a f 2-53 i PaaT Q yfturt T
HR-P+ R=PO
-R arT
sin Ahfra HTT=Rsin a
x
BC fex 2-83
ftit a7 fa 2-81 PXAC Q
19.
HEc (Components)
TT teaisa YTT (resolved parts) H
HTET (Components)
frutfaa
TR TA ZTAEiR A4
HTT (Resolved Parts) 22. HgTHHITT
 TH-
74 I5

40
P>0 (U.PBTE)

RP- C
(U.RBTE 2003)
(U.RBTE)
fra 2:54 gT uftUi fAT fa (iv) FiHT ATATtT T (U.RBTE)
PxAC-0 x BC (U.RBTE 2000)
frx 284 (U.RBTE 2000)
24. 3THGT TT TATTT HHTT ari TaETtiC A4 (vii) THTity oriT a7 (URBTE 2003)
(U.RBTE 2001, 08)
(ix) aa AHT (U.RBTE 2000, 01, 03, 13)
s (U.R)
se
(xi) aat 51 aTET (U.RBTE 2000)
(xi) a fay7 aT feuza (U.RBTE)
as

(U.P.BTE)
Cl

(EXERCISE)E
TH (U.RBTE 2000, 03, 13)
Ji

(U.PBTE)
ra

5. yrITT FiTTT
(U.P BTE) (U.RBTE)
sh

(U.P BTE.)
(U.P BTE.)
6. faf Ti srnferai ata- HËI 7 TT ATETUTR57 HETTI (U.RBTE 2009)
Mi

. ig ferei (principle of equilibrium) THSTI (U.RBTE 2001)

2. ArAt (statements) FT T SHR ATT- (U.RBTE 2004)
(UPBTE)
(UPBTE)
9. ft gye am à gi RarvT i frifra I T T FHTI (U.RBTE 2003)
(UPBTE)

(sine)5 HTTYTAI BTT EI (U.R.BTE 2010)

(U.RBTE)
(vi) g IE STTFU5 6 TTI &fT6 TE (vector diagram) I/(UPBTE) (U.P.BTE 2007)
(U.RBTE 2006)
 7
16
(ii) V (*+PA)
zqfUAt () (HW+ P), (i) (W- P) T
18. 7 6
utRHTOT AfTÀI À (U.R BTE) 34. 100 N z7 TT 7 T faufa TR 60°
71 [3T: 57-74 NI (U.R BTE)
(3T: ()a
&Rem i, i) fauira
raRTHT 4, (ii) TAT 90°
7 (U.R BTE)
T TAAT EI Y6T Iese 57 RT HT 87
19. 600 TT TAT g5 NbT 'R ToT (no gravity region) [3T:T] (U.RBTE)
f5 T
7 H6T I ZTT7 (U.RBTE) (3T: 20 N] (U.P BTE)
20. 6 T 24,7 TT 25 T17 T7 FTA E ETtE, TOITAT SIGT IUTI T T 37. 70 N25 TI 3irT Zru, 7T 54T: 6 TAT 8 m aT 5, T2a1 B I
Sitat 5 7A TT Ys I Iid H 10 m
TYT 60° 5T TT TT T6I
21. 15 Ta 12 Na TT Y5 fT [3T 23-43 N] [3T: 42 N, 56 N]
(pull)aEI 3-979 N, 8 N T7 TETVT T 35-5° T] (U.P.BTE)
120°] (U.RBTE) [3T:
T 3:125 NJ (U.P)

Fa
[3T: 70 71 N] (U.R BTE) 30N

s 2N N F60N 75N
60
se
T HAT E TYT ETT apa 5ON
(i) zat T77 77 T BAT ®? [3T: (i) FX 13/2, (ii) F/2 T 120°( 45 80X
as

[3: 20 TT 80 N] BN
8ON
7* 120N
Fs
(U.R BTE)
10N Fs 9ON
Cl

fa 2-86
faz 285
(3T OA=20 N, OB 3464 N] 7d 7 TTËITET HN
ZTT ai T 60° T TT, ZTT aT dtar
2,4,6 V3 HAT 8 N R T7 % f
Ji

40.
27. y5 200 N HT a 3 m ya 4 m TT arT B1 EI zAT TRrAT 7T Y% 7T HTT ATT TT ZET
120°] (Raj)
[3F: 2N, 2N T7
120, 160 N] (U.R BTE)
ra

[3:
[3FT: 5-6 N TaT 7-33 N] (A.M.I.E.)
28. 100 TAT 50 N5 at a7 TTAT 135° RY 5T TT 4T 7 E EI 50 N T7 FYST TT 100 N
[3T 139-8 N]
146,
sh

N, 4 N]
29) y a aT BF (tie rod) 5t a 10 Htzz, rT 14 tzr aaT T (post) z5i 5 HteT FI 14, 18, 12 T 6 N Ei Tt sHu at i TT SITT YitITAT 3T 51
3T:26
T TH5 SH4f M AT: 6, 5, 3 TaT 3 kN 5 TT TT E, 34AT
43. g5 5 6
Mi

[37T: 3-65 kN, 6 kN 7 T 33-65° ] (U.R BTE)

[3TT: 22-4 TAT 10-0 kN] (U.P)
30. 240 N Tm gr ae g aT aga Ta7 d I FAT Fafrr a 60° TT Z 30
[37T: 120 N, 208 NJ (U.R) [3: 159-75 N, 2050 N]
at
31. 5 10 N 4T 5 TITRT VATET FTrfy5 ferg C,
T CBTT CA RI TE1 2:78)I gI
(

t , a fgai Aa c
[37T: 732 N, 5-17 N] (U.P)
32. 5PT ABC,
I TRT 47-3 aiaT ATIAsT Cq7 i aT T5I
5 3:59-64 N, 23-3 N]
(377 15N, T T7 À Imzi }(U.P)
3T:242 N] (U.P BTE)
T aT 120 cm zi Bi
33. 946 cm a ABC Y5 TRT EI
K level) Tt feaa A TAT Cat oT à aiet T d1 41 N 4T7 47. 8 TT 4Na zHfRAT T AZT FAR TT T
f9Us ET TTEI

[:3 kN, 8 m]
[3T:30 N, 11-07 N] (U.R)
 78

49. 100 cm
T Y5 TET
50. 5 B AB, fHT 7 50 cm a
7:3:5

QP

() FTacia TAT, (iüi) F4T7, (iv) 3,1 (V)

Y 3it:
5 FTY, (vi)77, 15 (vii)417A 7,
0 TA7, i) TAT, (ii) aT, 7 2 aT :
(iv) a, (V)THT, (vi) Ha, (vi) AH7,
(xi) Fa, xi) aTI (vii) s4, (ix), (x)5

s
se
as
Cl
Ji
ra
sh
Mi

Page No 79,80,81 Is Miss

 $3

2A BOC- ArOB) (Ard4 =

A CO4-A 5(C]
2 x AxOC

PxAC Qx BC RP+Q
PxAC Qx BC 0 far 3-10D

=
PxxA+O x xBB
P(xC+AC)+Q(rC- BC)
PxXC+QxrC+PxAC- Q* BC
(P+OC+0
s f (i) ÀPx AC-Qx BC 0]
se
RxxC
,
as

AB Ta
Cl

RP+ )
Ji

P
ra

PxAC =
Ox BC
sh

fa
Mi

3-11
M P x xA-Q xxß
= P x (rC+AC)-Qx (BC-rC)
= P xrC+ P xAC-Q x BC+0 *xC
= (P +) x rC
= R xrCC

3) aT FAT TUT SFET (ulike)

R (-0)
PxAC =Q*
fa ,
BC
Px AC-0x BC = 0
7) AB aTET
yATT ST A (+ve) FT YZATT TT (-ve) HÀ T7,

PXxd-Qx xB A 3-12
Px (C-AC)-2(rC-BC)
 84

PxxC-P XAC-Q *xC+Q x BC 85

(P-O%C-(Px AC-Qx BC)
(P-xC-0 (F4 PX AC-Qx BC= 0) uRUITTt gArs
35. qui (Resultant Turning Moment)
RXxC= TVITHT ET r
R R
=P-0

PxAC Qx BC ..i)

+
M--P xxA-Q x xB 2M= Pd tPzd PadstPd4t.. .4)
-P *(C-AC)-0x (BC-IC) faz 3-13
-P
/3-6. quif a f¥Ea (Principle of Moments)
xxC+P xAC-Q x BC +Q xxC

-(P-) xxC
- R * xC s
se
HYaT
as

/ 3-4. uT ATYtEa yu (Generalised Theorem of Moments)

Cl

uftuTt oi, M-0 (5)

Ji
ra

TT 5P1aTP2 uttUTHT R
sh

Pa T P4 6T YtUITAT R2

PsTeT P 9ttoTHt R3 37. FaT (Levers)

Mi

********************************

3.7.1. tar frgia (Principle of Lever)

3.7.2. Fiar TT Zis ATT (Mechanical Advantage of Lever)

7-3.14 (a)ÄE AT AB fRETAT TTEI TTT
A CR JTEA T FT6H Tr feT (fulcrum) g3T

arm) h6tTait EI tt vear HTETT A T HT BC M ZT (load arm) 5ATi Bi

 37

86
- TT T
A TE S

faz 3-15. Tau suft aia

(6) fgtu su

s
se
l (
as

fa 3-16. fa Juit Fiar

Cl

fas 3-14

W
Ji

P xAC = W x BC
N
ra

AC W
BC
TTM T7 (leverage) T ZITA IH (mechanical advantage) 356d ëI SM: TR6 T
sh

fa 3-17.at uit Fitat

M.A.
Mi

M.A. = =4
(UPBTE)

3.7.3. FRM ar z ehTT (Classes of Lever)

= 10 x 4=40 N-m

TaT (Levers) T TT (Beams)

TEA faa-3.14 (a).

I6TT-1, žI-AÍ qT, BiaTr,
Y tfs7, zaf , 5T, FTT E*
&: R 3-18 8 TT RENT TT FI AB=I m= 100 cm 3I BT
(UPBTE)
W= 500 N I
 89

88
WxAC = 40 x GC
3T
60 Cm 40cm W 40 x 50/10 200N

W=500N

3-18
TAT
BDTA T*T STTI
AC = 100-40 60 cm
AABNT, sin 45- TT
LM = P X AC- W'* BC-R * 0 =0 AN= AB sin 45
45
3/N2 m m
AN
XBC500 x 40 333-3
P
D_
AC 60
N s f 321
200 N
se
R P+W= 333-3 + 500 833-3 N
as

3GI8TUT 3: 5 TTs BF (lever rod) AB, MTC F 5Tai E, T973-19 1A R YG TK W TX AN 200x AC

(UPBTE)
200 x AC_ 200x 2
Cl

400 3TR
i4, AN AN 3/N2 VZ18856 N
Ji

(UPBTE)
ra

250N
sh

faa 3-19 100 kN

Mi

W* AC =
250 x BC R+ R2
100 taT 322
W= (250 x 3/1 = 750 N
AC BC
3ITT 4: 120 cm T TT 40 N HT 7 Y5-7HTA ZE 77 q7 37 JT TE HT
raT G
(UPBTE)
F: 3-20 zVs AB aARAT RET T EI G UE A 10cm MA Rx0+Ra x-100 x i)
G
A 100
50 kN
2
50Cm w
RI 100-Ra100-50 50 kN
3767T 7: R7 3:23 Rr TTBF TTT A SB d
4ON (beam) sftfai (reactions) s7
fa7 3-20 (UPBTE)
 91
90
50kN 40kN 0V2 sin 45

10W2 kN

m im 102 kt: w2 cos 45

T Ra COSa
Re
3-23
A45 -3m 3m
fT
3m -3m HA
Rs
50+ 40 = 90 kN sin a
A+Rg RA

faz 3-26 (a) faa 3-26 (b)

x BA = 0
ZAM = 0-50 x CA -40 * DA + Rp
RAX
X 8 = 0
-50 * 4-40 x 6 + Rp T RA sin a T6T a, R4 51 ifAT Z6TI
200+240 =
55kN s
se
Rg 8 10v2 cos 45
) RgT H1A TEA , RA
90-55 =35 kN
f
7AT 10v2 sin 45s°
as

TT B T TAAT STA I (U.E 20kN

A 2m 40kN EH 0R cos a- 10 v2 cos 45
Cl

V= 0 R sin a + Ra- 10 v2 sin 45 i)

1m
RA+ Rg=40+20 60 kN IRA
(i) RA COS a 10 ii)
Ji

faz 3-24 R Sin a = 10- Rg (iv)

EM Rg x 0-40 x 2+RA X 4-20 x5
ra

= 45 kN EM0=Rg x 6+ 10 v2 cos 45 x 0-10 v2 sin 45 x3

Rg 30/6 =5 kN
sh

Rg 60-RA=60-45 15 kN
TETETOT 9: Y5 YAHTT B3 ABCD, MHA7 AT 10 NE,
RA sin a 10-5=5
Mi

27
Rs Rc RA sin a +RA cos* a = 10+52
(UPBTE) -1 -147 RA 125 RA=5 V5 kN
10 e
fa 3-25 RA
sinaS
a tana=
RA cos 10 2

EM Px 1+ Rg x TA SffT RA
I Ha à ga7, a = tan|
0-10x +Rc x 2-0 1

PXI-10 * +0 x 2=0 1
3TETUT 11: Pra 3:27 gAT Y U AB 25 A Faer 8N
P 10
3egTT 10:
e7 3:26 (o) Ranš ura(beam) aT
33 R AAI
D
IA oTI (UPB
Im
RA
1m m
fa 3-27
 93

92

aaG-s3
EM R4 * 0-2 * 1+Rs *2-8 x3 =0
(UPBTE)
Rg (24+2)2= 13 N

RA10-Rs=10-13-3N
fa 3:29
TE (Whees) HTAT
..
5FTT Wi bAT TATAT TT B T AT: BKAT BNE
TTETT 12: 77 TT 77 T 50 cm T
FHE /TTT 3-28 (a)}T S0 N T 5YTB R F BT T = Fx BK (TettT)
cm
T7,T (i0 TTT (obstacle) (UPBTE s N B
i = Wx BN
se
37g ferT TT, Fx BK > Wx BN
Fxr-h)> Wx BN
as

M 50 x BN
BN= Y(O-ON)
P F--h]-Y-P-R+2rh)
Cl

BN (2rh-)

Fx(r-h)> WY(2rh-)
Ji

soem
40Cm
F>(2hr-h)
10cm 30cm 10cm
- h) TR
ra

(a)
JaTETUT I5: 7 3:30 (a) ITT T T A A, B TT C arT TEftAE, gTT E
sh

A TYT B7 I kN E STT TTT C ET 2 kN EI A TT B 5 hi g5 3ti TT TT TT E1

50N
50N
3-28
Mi

Rt R1 +2+1=4 KN
PTBI 2xN
M2 =
Px 500
HT A OBN, BN 50-406 T BN=30 cm
1kN 1kN | TkN
M M2
S0 * BN=Px 50
P 30x BW 50 x 30
S0 30N
S0 3t
TTSTUT 13 : EIGTT I2 7 THPEI T
: 3-28 (6) T
TA I
*TT TT 5 PGaiT a y aTaT &, aa a OBN Z OBN
tan a
tan 404
BN 30
-24cm
2kN
3 (Fais TensTT 12 BN=30 cm (a)
(b)
fas 330
 95
94
E, zAieN
UMG AAT HTR /TUT K 7 THtAT (symmetrical)
R, R Mg x AF + Sg * GF mg * BF
kN
R2 MxAF+ S * GF = m * BF
S, m, AF, GF TAT BF STd a T7 3YT7 HRU ZTT TATT titT AMT HTA ST T FAT
HS cm &7
3TETUT 16: YTT TS (steel yard) i EA 5 kg Ei F¥T Jo (G), 7TT ()
ACN, AC 10t 10
0
AN = AB/2 = 24/2 12 cm (U.RBTE)

cosa AC -10 Cm

em
sina= V(1- costa) F(7GK) N R

2H= CA COS a = T
s 110cm
m
se
1 kg
2V=0 RCA Sin a+ TFZ )
1x
as

> =1-25 kN
CAsin a 4 M

fa3 3-32
Cl

T= 125
7 075 kN

as (Steel ¥ard)
3.8. FiT
, BF- 110 cm, ml kg
Ji

Au (2) MX AF+5 * GF-m x BF=0

Mx 10+5 x5-1 x 110 =0
ra

M 8-5 kg
zrT airi aÀ aTT TEfa (mass) M FZETAT FAT EI HT FC Y5 TT-Tefd m i TETT IT T5TT E 3UBRUT 17: TIGTT 16 T 10 kg aT TE 77 FTT RT YT BT? 10 kg H
sh

M= 10 kg.
: 3:32 HR,
Mi

M x AF+ 5x GF-m x BF= 0D

B 10x 10 +5 *5-1 x BF=0 BF=125 cm

01 2345 6 7 89 1011121314151617181920
F (FULCRUM)
3A: 10 kg TT TNTT FH 125 cm T iI
m
HOOK
0x 10+5x5 - 1*BF-0 T BF-25 cm
M fa 3-31. FA UIT
ST: Fefa arer fAITT FÀ 25 cm t i 3HT
frara: faz 3:31 TAN H7A1

M HETT HET (mass)

:HTFT M-0 d m,
NR$, T
(M+5) x 10 mx NF
F= AAA A4 (fulcrum) (0+5)x l0 = 1x NF T NF50 cm
8 ToRTT
96 97
(+ 5) * 10 =
1
x RF RF 60 cm
NR- RF-NF = 60-50= 10 cm EM=R x0- Wi x AF+ P xAF- W2 x CF- Wx DF= 0
geftrd yft kg Fieft
fr ara aTt z 10 cm FTT| T-WixAF +P xAF-W x CF- WxDF=0 .

39. ET T aT (Lever Safety Valve) T W 60N, W2

=
40 N, P =p*d = 1
x*x 70 = 3846.5 N

AF= 80 mm, CF= 80 + 90= 170 mm 7aT DF = 750 mm, uE

60 x 80 +3846.5 x 80-40 x 170Wx 750 = 0
W 394.8BN
JaTErUT 20 : TTETT 19
RTFaAfaTE, R 7 7A GafTT
TI
(i) T T STTT (fulcrum) F TT tahaT (reaction) R, FM:7 R sfafirT FTH aT ATETT ETTI
ST: Rt

s
se
R+P-W1-#2- W =0
T R+38465-60-40 -394-8 0 TR=-3351-7 N
as

750 mm-

0 m 3.10. à7-6 T (Bell-Crank Lever)

Cl

(devices)
T 7-T (mechanisms)
ÄgHI YAT 4T TTI
Ji

W2
lever) A 97 150 N T T TTE B W 4T TeTNT T
150N
EI TE p1
-477 7 ()
ra

-I 7 &78 (0)

6C"
sh

Ta7 3-33-FeT
Px(PT F a i) - Wx (Wt F* g)
FT aTra x 6 Wx4
Mi

150
qR HTY T ara =p N/mms, I7T ATH =
dmm, w= 225 N
fa 3-342 iT
P txp=aI a¥T (a) x 4TY Zr (P) TT 20 16 cm 7zi Ei R7 335 GAn zr

GeTET 19. 7 J7 aa 3F 7 T 40 N EI TTAT JOTITT TA 7 90 mm KU T6cm

20cm
3tI
(UP BTE 2010)
NF
30
sin
f 3-35 W 25CN
 99
98
NF = AF sin 30

16 * =8 cm
W
Px AF X Ch

BFx DF2
W* BF 20 x 60 x 70
Px NF = T P=625 N 560 N
T Px8 250 x 20 10x 15
(UPBTE)
AF,C
ITAT TAT 7 P BF DF2
TTO TT ON SiteTTI
A OBN
ON 60
sin 60° 10 1528
W
= b3 120
s 56028 3T
ON b sin 60
2
20
se
Px ON =Fxa TET8TT 25: RT 338 7 Y5 5 NPE TiTT (crank compound lever) T Y ST TI
as

fa
PON-Fax VsbV3 3:36
Cl

311. afra HaT (Compound Lever)

Ji

-60 cm-
cm
fa 3-38- afra rir
ra

DEI
sh

CF2
-55cm
(compound lever) zrT 20 N A H
7 TTT
PXAFQx BF1
Mi

fa 337 aitra FT (compound lever)

Px AF
BF
x CFWx DF2 3)

TTETT,
7: TETAT , Ps 20N
PxAFI Qx BFi
Px AF
(2) Q H (4) za , A
W
DF2
CF2
(4)

.(11 W Px C
BE BF DF
Qx CF2 WxDF2

Cii) Q TA TaÀ K, xCF2 Wx DF2

 100
101

fafc 3zTETUT 1 732 m - AN

AC
AM
sin 30 1-732 x2
200NEI
3-464 m AE
(U.R BTE
1 x0-2 x AM-4 x AC+3 x AE+5 x AN+6 x 0
NA
-2x 1 732-4 x 3-464+3 x 3-464 +5x 1-732
- 1-732 N-m
PxBC W*GC
GC M
P-W BC faT. 340
(UP BTE 20o05)
AB V(1:5+ 1:55) =2:12 m
s
se
f CD -
V(1+ 15) 1414 m M 2 *A0+3 x Co
- 2 x 6+3 x 2
18 kN-m
as

m
GB- 106
M2 4 x BO+4 x DO
120-707 m
Cl

GC- = -4x1+4 x4 20 kN-m

2 3kN 4kN 4kN
Ji

Bm-
ra

7
Af M +Px6- 18+Px6
4m 2m 3m
sh

18+Px6- 20 frx 341

N
Mi

P-
n-
(b) HTTT (SUMMARY)
( W-200N

fa 3-39
f BC GB-GC 1-06-0-707 0353
S7T (2) TA TGA T,

P w*
Wx 200 x 0.707
6-353400^ -
0.353 400-6 N
TET5TOT 27: 7 7YEH ABCDEF I NrI yT 2m&,&AAT MYTi 7
AB, CB, Dc, DE, EF Y FA
IN YY 1, 2, 4,3, 5, 6
7 UT EI (U.RBI s,
a7-u a uttatT (geometrical) fAyoT (representation)

AM AB sin 60

2x 0866
 102 103

6. 7-u f fet (Sign conventions)

(FaT 3-42)
HTA
VaTAVT (clockwise)
Yi 27 Eve) 13. aT
7. UT
: aTH SHTT ZTT Tf ea (+ ve) 72T
ataTUT (Classifications)
GTH (Leverage)

P fkata af a)
W

() T at (class 1) [taT 3-42]-y4TH PTAT aT W

(b)
() fgat ai (class I) If 3:43 (a)|-rart PaT R
fa 3-43 (a. b)
8. TtAT7 YH (Varignon's Theorem) (ii) s
Tata a (class II) ffe7 3-43 (b)|-aTT W FT HTTT C atT TUTH PTAT BI
se
as

UT TYT g4 (Generalised Theorem of moments) 16. FiT as (Steelyard)

Cl

10. TUTHT JHTCS

T (Resultant turning momen)
Ji

CT FrT aI (Lever safety valve)

ra

11. UT HGTA (Principle of moments)

sh
Mi

uft qui, EM=0

12. aT

faT fg
(Levers)

T Fi (a7 3:42) W
- 18. - T (Bell crank lever)

19, TTT (Compoundlever)

f 3-42

T 3-42)1
 105

104 U.P 2003)

(EXERCISE) cm I TT E|
TET, fR F 20
RIA 180 N 4T q5 FHT7 U 5T T
ATAT t TET TT BI 7
TI SATTaf T TAMbarT aT
BITTi
22. 2m
rTTTT80 HT 130 cm vT 4T: 500 AT 800 N 5 T ETT
825 N] (Rajasthan)
y5 3T: 655 N, SH 4 TG G
10T TAT YT 5 TT 20 N T TET IAT I TA
JIT T a HTg 3rHHTT BI
23.
5 E 45 N
3:25N,
3T: 7-4 kN]
400 N areT IA I T
HaT 5 fRT TT i100 T7 400N T7 TT I
25. 2
A YE IUT at 5
m
AT,
[3T: 40 cm]
1-25 m 167 TDET
HR 170 NEI TE Y5 HT T F eATT TET E HT Ya5
26. 3-25 m
T Y5-ATT B 3T: 51 N]
TT 70 N T R GI R
aar 170 N TT 5T
81
Y f6- (hinged) 3I B 5 Y5 TT
27. 1 B 4m
T E 3T: 70N 1-4167 m
s 6 m I Y R A T5 G TT,
AH I T 7,
2 m
se
I00 N, TT
28. 5 HTT 33 AB,
AT TT
N] (U.P BTE)
3R:53-44T <aT TAT
as

4t TYENTATT ES T6TT fžT 3, THT f

29.
6 60 cm zTT T YE A7
TEAT 5 15 cm F
3T: 7:794 kN] (U.R BTE)
Cl

TA TTT (smooth) 8
I YTET T 9 kN BI
Ji

. 4
5 (moment) & ITY FT HHST 8?
cm
60 cm Dra

(moment ofa force) 6 aigal 15

ra

4.
T 2ANÁTTmIITTT.
ATT ATT (geometrical representation) HHATST|
6.
-T far
sh

3-44
7. atarT TaTTI ys 5 T EI E fey Er r faT TaT
(bending) TT T (twisting) T I I? U.PBTE 2006, 07 30. 60 cm 2T TT 8 kN 5 5 ITT TT 10 cm t Ty: (step) TGAT
8.
47 3T:5-96 kN] (UPBTE)
Mi

(U.R UR BTP 5T YE6 AiiRT aT F aTT Z 10 cm GA 7 TgT TATI F TAHI SI

31. 6kN 4TT 7 50 cm TH 5 TR
(U.PBTE2002 T:8 F 3 kN]
cm
(UPBTE)9
R 2:5 cm TE T IF R T
12. àfvTafa i IH (Verignon's theorem of moments) 1 THTT ZTTT
I

a6 TTT6 21 32. 12 cm
at E-HTA U 7 TTT Y7 R i * 06N
0-3 N] (UPBTE)9
(U.R UARB
20D0
(U.PBTE
3T:
(U.RBTE200
20
(U.PBTE
(UR BT
3r :
495-655 NJ

16. 3TUTT aITE T4 HHAISTI

(U.R U.RBTE 200
2009 T: 4505 N]
(U.R UPBTE
(UPBTE)

20. G TTATT 4aIgU=

ETTT3,
i) 3T:1533 RHN
(i) eir, (iv) zir5 TRI
 107
106
TATE FIAT
TAT E, HI iG 51I 3HT4375 N 10N, 20 N, 30 N 3T 40N q ABCD
TT AB, BC, CD, DA 5 IJIAT TA EIA
30. R 3-45 H ET T7-5 Aar T 500 N
(UPBTE)
41.
T T: Y5
100 N-m] (UPBTE)
3T:

T2Y2 kN]
00N 43. q600 mm a4T 1 TFT7 uiT7, FrT iR SKN&, 150
mmF ATTETTT5TETT fT H zATT
3T 4.33 KN] (UPBTE 2013)
BOCm

T 345

3T:1117-17 N] (UPBTE) s
se
Y''''''**'.
BAR
fa 3-48
ROPE
as

dT rAT 8, () ZHTS, (vi) TOI, (vii) vrAt,

Cl

400N P, (vii) A, (ix) eTET, TI

) H, (Gi) TA, (ii) 3TERT, (iv) T, (V) HRTI
Ji

3-46
ra

3TT44-44 NI (UPBTE)
sh
Mi

M
YouTube- Mishra JI Classes
fa
KN

3-47
website:-www.mishrajiclasses.co

750N
T
40.
CA
2-5
ABCD ET YIIT BC, BA, DCTT DA
8V2
A AT ZT 3I B TA T
ETT-ET 54T: 5, 10, 15 3fr
YfTUIHT Tgwi
20Tea
(resultant moment) Sia ArdI
TTT T5
at n .
32-5 N-m] (UPBL)
3T:
 109

.
Psino

Pcos -P cos 6=0

X
P.cos0A
EY = Psin 0-P sin 8=0 N Pcoso
COUPLE

4.1. utaT (Introduction) PSine

motion) T8f FEATI
3r4T fa 42
(replace) gt fesar FaT
4.2. (Couple) 4.2.2. aTHTa s
ai uftUTT ut (Resultant Moment of Forces of Couple)
se
as

fTAt f = Psin 0 x (AB) (TT)

(1orque)
motion) RTATf orerri EAI EI TTT yT
Cl

Am..
***********1******* *
yfTAt y = P sin 0 x DB + P sin 0 x AD
P sin 9 x (DB + AD)
t RGT
Ji

g7 7 JT (arm of couple) TT beit fovs - Psin 6 x (4B)(T)

Psin 0 x (BN) - P sin
ra

vRUTAT * (AN)
- P sin 0x (BN-A)
sh

TgT (moment of couple)-bT TRGT ATT RRRT

- P sin 0x (AB) ) (Ta)
4.1
Mi

ABsin 6= AC
T T YtTTT TT = Psin 0 x AB (TaT T ) = Px AC=T T (reTH RT *)1
T-PxAB A23, argu faytrarr (Properties of Couple)

Psin 0x AB = PxAC

4.2.1. HTH ai T ufUTT (Resultant of Forces of Couple)

6TE
110 Pxp = Qxq -S xs

TET&fa 42H AB
(8) T S7 7 3Tyut F¢a fT

4.2.4. uftuTET aTH (Resultant Couplc)

faT 4-3 PI:P2» P3 ||

s
se
as

P2
Cl
Ji

a
ra

P p iP* P2 + Bpz
PPsa
sh

Pa Pv+P#2+Pap3 t
Mi

APaPla

P1Pla

PaPa
PaPya
fers 4 fa 45
112 113

P(N) = 2L
|

am= i| P:
Pi (N) |P (m) PPi (N-m)
OT ABT ON TTTI
ON
2
HTHT
P
2 yTT fuus A fa-
H
10 a 2. 15.5 15.5

24 6
24
4

62 s faa47
se
4.2.5. FTETT Z farretm aegm. gEn-T (balance)
tà
faT 4-6 ABCD
aI A'BCD àT TATEI7 P TT P
as

STTET
TT HTHT
Cl
Ji

far 48 RATTT AHT ABC FTST AB, BC TaT CA ZTT

ra

TR HT ia a7 P.QT
sh

D
or7 fayT sird A BC FHR TIT JAK ITI
Mi

90
N Q

fas 48

Qx AN (AA BCT IR AM
-BC xAN-2; BCx A)
fa
 115
114

(UPBTE) 7N (i) +3 kN-m, (ii)-4 kN-m, (u) +5 kN-m

N-m, yzferm
SxI-5 qftUITit TeTYT = 3-4+5 =+4 kN-m

7 x -7 N-m, ztIT 7 5N
4 Px 5/100
qftrit a TAT ATT T- P- 80 kN
s
se
12 N-m, TatUT fa7 49
5+7 PXd gT TgTI (U BTE)
as

(UPBTE) 3F:4-12 5 TT HTAT

5AB TET TA67 A HAT BTHT
40
Cl

1/2m
KN
. 1/2 m
SITT- Qx AB
Ji

40 x1 40 kN-m, ¥ITT T fa 4-10 f 412

ra

Px daT Q x AB TETT faTta feamait i 8 sr TvdnrgTT, Px d=0*AB

sh

40 kN-m yaT4 TI ui TT T
T:g-TH T ATR (neutralise) 357 61
Mi

(UPBTE)
80 N
T 37 100N 50 N fPR T TTd ET
5 N-m

50 x 0-525 N-m aikTIT (- ve)

,
EA fTvs T7 15 N-m Tara (+ ve) t TTT FIT
T8TOT 7:t rva ABcD yaot AD TT CB T 2 kN * str gari AB TT CD T 4kN

-25 15- 10 N-m aiiT(-ve) 100 N 50N

(UPBTE)
fr 4-11
50 N Ta Zrsí m
50 N arf stt (rtt fReaT 100 N TÀ 50 N ZTT TYT TT I -4x3-2 x5
2 kN-m, YaTH T
 117
l16
2kN

30cm-
R VI4)+(2))=25 kN (FrF7 4-15 TAT)
kN
R25 0-03 JC
- 200x 3 N-m

2RN
Rxd-2 T 2) x d-2 0-3
im
T:vtmt i iT 7 zi, d- 1/\5 m faT 413 200N
SGrer P
TITTUT S:ABCD, I m JT 7 Y7 T7IAB, BC, CD TT
(along) 20,40, 160 7T 100 N 4TT 77
DA
,
*T T AC T DB 5 GT 100 12 RT 4012 N
PX03 3
P 10N
f 4-15

7T 160 N-m FITI s

se
100N (UPBTE)
600N
as

ABI ST FT =20+ 1001(2) cos 45 45 1'5 cm

t
Cl

20N 160N
20+100 v2 x 120 N
2
DA EI T JT T=+ 100- 100 2 sin 45 +40V2 sin 4540 N
Ji

CDI STT =
I60-40 2 cos 45 = 160-40 120 N 3
40N
fta 416
ra

40 N
fa +14
-m
sh

AH STYT= 120 x l = 120 N-m (TaTH )

TTTT 40 N T *1 40 N-n
* DA TT BC 5 AT 5 TRg aTHrd
i fTaT smayf = 40
Mi

(Tere )

TATH
Fx
* 05 600 x -08
2
F 960 N
200N
TETETUT
12:5, i St (three step-puly) 7 f7 4+17 fRarr

RG ST¥R T =2 cm
3:stauT
zrR FT Hai a7
TAgT
Pt
=
Px 002
2 cm
- 1:5
0-02 m
50, 40
T 30 cm

75 N
TE16TUT 10 : 5
3u A dt 7 TYT TT TTT
3 cm TT =
200x 0'5 = 100 N-m (+ ve)
TYE TT 200 N T 7 fTt a HT TJHIATEI TEE B $T - 150 x 0-4=60 N-m, efkrT
(UPBT
TFgT T T i (-ve)
200N
f7 4+17
118 119

VITf - 250 x 0:3 75 N-m, yary H (+ ve)

CI$i UT
aZY I

115 N-m YanH H (+ ve) **************

..

Sg P 04 " Rgm

287-5 N
" I15 N-m

Condition- P
- Conditlon-ll
90-a>B

P- 04 fe 4.19

100 NT Y AB YT CD T IGITT TT 160 N T YT AD YT CB H = PxAB cos a .i)

TTETT 13. 7 HABCD T

s c+H- (Px AB sin a +(Px AB cos a

100 N
a + cos a)
se
C +HP x AB (sin

Ti = 100 x 0.5
-
50 N-m +) G+H) - PxAB ii)
as

- 50 -PxAB
Cl

T2 160 x 0.5 80 N-m

T= T1+72
PxAB JG+H?)
50- 80=-30 N-m
Ji

A 100 N
(SUMMARY)
4.18 i
ra
sh
Mi

(UPBTE

BC AB sin a 2. y i HT (Arm), 3TUt (Momen) 7T fëiT (Direction)

G PxBC
T G- PxAB sin a

TP
AC AB sin (90°-a)= AB cos
T6, P-
H PxAC

-ve) H1t
 121
120

3. T a fastuard (rroperties) TTH (EXERCISE)

1. TITD TZ ATAT

(couple) EA EI

(17) T TTTÍ HTT (vector) if2T TT FA1 34S N-m ar N-mm HTaT KN-m
()13 g, VF
. TARATYT (replace) T81 T TTI

Pp-9=Ss s
se
HT TAT SHRM TAIST-
2.
7 AT (statements) (uRBTE)
(URBTE)
as

4. UT Trg (Resultant couple) (UPBTE)

Cl

3.
TT (moment) 7 TgT (couple) TT T T aTSTI (U.PBTE 2004)
Ji

(UPBTE 2005)
(UPBTE 2013)
ra

(UPBTE)
(UPBTE)
(UR 2004)
sh
Mi

(RBTE 2005)
(UPBTE 2006, 07)

17. f 4-11 vs T:12 N-m AT4 ]

TT IS N-mgH 5 RITT AR 25 N-m
TAA HIT TT T S STT?
18. ABCD F1 TA 65 cm 81 AB, BC. CD TT DA JTAR 20, 40, 120 aT 60 N ST AC AT DB i

3T: 78 N-m, <iT](UPBTE)

19. 5 7 PQRSI YA 40 cm at tI PQ. QR. RS T ST
SP J7 20, 40, 160 T 100 N T PRTT SQ

T:64 N-m Feikn] (URBTE)

122
AB, BC CD TT
DA GUHT Y F RIIA
STYT aTs vT 50. 30, 50, 30
aT HIATrN 3:7N-m
ABCD cm 7T BC=8 cm 6 PST RO5
TgRN TTEI

. ar AB= 10
a HTA TT fa
N T POi
yT
RS I SO
RT NT 3TT: 30 N-m] (U.PJ
7T PORSTT 60
5 3TT: 12cm
22. TF7 20 A TAT CT FI RA aIT YfRUAT TT
3T:4000/3 N] (U.E)
gHTT 5 T T TT
600 N Fff a
Ft I Te gai 3R:36KN
24. Scm 77
cm
sTTE 7 30 aTH et
3T:20N
AB, BC, CD
HET DA ETI yfaAT
AERA ET a AG ETT 15 T Y5 MT
26. ABCD HT EI af
(vi) titoAt 7, (vii) gAT5, (vii) Tagn,
Ta, (ii) TT zt, (iv) F7 ts, (V) T,
i) ET FTT, (ii) žis T
(ix) fr
Y9 2 3HTs
se
(V) TI
as

(iv) F,
i) THT, (ü) FAT, (i) F7,
Cl
Ji
ra
sh
Mi

YouTube- Mishra Ji Classes

website:- www.mishrajiclasses.co
5 GENERAL CONDITIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM

5-1 ufrer (Introduction)

s
se
as
Cl
Ji
ra
sh
Mi

37uiTT fYus HgTT FTHTT yfaa

5-2. HHAia aa-ftTY
(General Conditions of Equilibrium)
aH (Force law of equilibrium)-z7 AT 5 ITAT 5IJATT ÎÝVE T T
1. Fg
1)
R 0 T EF=0|
 125
124

(2

G{to C
TE AB=rs AG = CG
H0 a 5 BCG = 90°
EV= 0
T: A BGC sin GB 2r
2. FTTT 7 ATUt r (foment law of equilibrium)-3t I77 5 IGer/ 5 7TT Prs E 0 30 fa 5-2

2
. s Tcos 0- W= 0 ar cos 0cos 30 3
se
Tsin - R = 0
as

R-Tx 2
R=0 *N3
Cl

R W
Ji

sin90 sin (180-0) sin (90°+0)

AA 2 R=
ra

T- R
(2) Ta7-5.1 zTI HTAT AT ST CA dAÍ T TET CD TTA 1 A
TETETUT 2 : T, F7THTA T7 (beam) AB, MAET 120 N E, T
sh

.I

m +n) cot 0 = m cot ca-n cot B

Mi

o+m) cot6 = n cotA-m cot p (UPBTE)

B

(UPBTE)

W
EH=0 TAT EV=0
TAT N, CB I H4 f ETIaTEHT 2 CNA = 90° 53
L CAN= 30°= 2 ANG
126
127

34, 2V=0, R cos 30 +T sin 30-W=0

.
H=0 ,
R V3 +T=2 x IV= 240
cos
R (sin p+cos p) = P+2
f7 R sin 30-T 300

R TV3 R-

RT HTT (i) T TEA T7,

WY(13) W
Tx3+T= 240 T= 60 N R TT
R TY3= 60 V3 N
23 3
FA 30°, TT T HATT = 60°
3ET6TUT 4 y5 iA (foundry crane) 7 AT ta 4 m 7ri*i T B3 (tie rod) i iar T
R Thr=
(UPBTE)
R
sin(180°-30) sin (90° +30°) sin 90°
s
se
sin300 =120
cos 30
as

T 60 N, R 60/3 N
Cl

(UPBTE)
Ji

R =
AR SidihaT
ra

W 6kN

,
sh

= 180-30= 150°, T a = 90
Z DBA =

77 A DBA
DB= (2+4)=2 V5
m +n) cot 8
Mi

m cot a -n cot ßa, m

+) cot 150° = I cot 90°-I cot B sin 2V5N T cos
G, AB HA G. AB= 21 =n=) m 25
cot ß =cot 90-2 cot 150 =0-2
cot +2 cot 30= 2 V3
cot (180-30)
W 4 NBC, tan6 sin
cos
faa 5:4

cot 2 3 TB=cot (2 V3) NC BCx

2H= 0, V=0
F-R sin B=0
R cos B- W= 0
77 A ANCT, AN V(AC+ NC)= m
HTT T,: cOS
R sin F
W
F= cot
=W
2vN3
sin a VOn VO7
 129
128

AC3*2 6
14
cos a AN(37) V(37)

EV=0,
s-R
S cos 60 + R cos 30-6 W=0
R cos a- T
cos 0 =0
EM- 0,
T

V(37) x V(37)
R-T5 6
3 5

V=0, Rsin a+ 7 sin 0-6=0

T% 6
R VG7)+
5 12 V3 -3
R- 3
s 4
se
-6 S 3
as

T= 1006 kN
5x6)=9:13 kN
Cl

R=6x3 3xN5

T sin a +T sin B-W0

Ji

T1 sin a + T2 sin ß = W )
(UPBTE)
ra

Ti cos a-72 cos p 0 .i)

sh

cosa
RaT S, N T E, 7 3 7 4TR 6W AB HT T1 sin a +T1 cos sin = ¥ fa
Mi

5.7

3T A ABN cos B
mtn) cot 6 = m cot d-n co: p TIM T1sin(a+9)
zr 8 AB=21, m=n=l
Cosa
+h cot 6 = I cot 30°-I cot 60° T2sin(a+)
2eat-3-
cot a 6=60°
G
Ti GTRAT TE V= 0, 2 H=0 TATT
À,
6W
EH-0, Ssin 60-R sin 30 = 0
faa 56
 130
Ti-W 0 131

7 W- 3/3 N 600 N &I TE ys V art 7 RT 5-10

34T8TUT 9 :40 cm aRH Y5 e67 fafTsT T IFAT

F-T2 sin 8 = 0

H-0 T2 sin = F=3 ..)

T2 cos -T =0
V=0, T2 cos = 3/3

sincos&e W
72
33 sin (60° + 25°) sin (180° 60)sin (180° 25°)

tan W R
A60
sin 85 sin 60°sin 25°

30 W-3/3N Wsin 60°

s sin 85° N= 600N
se
2sin 306 N JT W
sin 25S
fr 510

S=sin 85°
as

3TTT 8: 7 HYAY TTETN AB Y

BF CD 7 T 600 x 866 = 521-58 N
Cl

T T7 STR TTTI HNE BF 74T 200 NEI T T

R
T&fs 9962
600 x 0.4226
E 3 AB GR& TT i TT 200 N I S =254-53 N
Ji

7 0-9962
TT D RPITAT TT ETI (UR)
ra

TGTT B GMTT BN 3f stt DÀ CD Hr aT Tt (UPBTE)

sh

DR SiTI 200N
Mi

BAN L
NBD = 2 BDR =0
AB CD=2a
GM = AGsin 6 a sin 9
200N
BN= AB sin 8 = 2a sin 6 =
ABC, BC2 AB-AC2 25-9
,
A
RD BD cos =a cos 6 fa 9 m
16
BC 4
PD =
RD-RP= RD-BN= a cos
-2a sin & FT G, ABT HA T: TaAT à W,AÀ 1-5 mz T AC
W 750N
200x GM+200 x BN= 200 x
PD
nn
a sin A 7"
+2a sin 8 =
a cos -2 a sin 0 T 5 sin6= cos
tan T 0=tan (1/5)
H-0
2V=0 , T-R=0
S-W= 0 S=W=750 N
.)
faT S-11
132 T5+R * BC=0
Sx 0+ TX0-W*
133
M

R=
,30x1-5 4
BC
R= 2
281-25SN
R
1000 500N
T
R
281-25N
R = 500 N m

(U.RBTD
7TT JTAIEYrT RR S Tx1- Rx 2 tan 30° =0
HTAT 5 TAT 4 TAT
: 5125 7TT 5773 N Uynomuuuammnmk
T= S00x2x-

750315 N

AW2
s
se
a sir 0 -b (UPBTE)
aR L BAC
8 atan6=
as

A BCA
W=7EON
PE tan
Cl

APEA D
-3 m

PEAxx=2m fa 512 f S-14

Ji

AE tan 8
ra

EH 0, T-R= 0 T T=R
W
sh

=
1125N
EV=03, S- W-=0 T S=x 750
M=0, F4T A ADE T,
AD3 AD AD sin
Mi

AD
EM=Sx0+Tx0- WxAD- xAE+ Rx BC=0
THTA ADN, AD-
AN
sin TANin
750
Rx4 750 x 15+x2 TR=468-75 N F4T AAGN, AN - sin 8
AG TAN asin i)
T-R T-468-75 N

AD a sin 8 AD-asin' e iv)

sin
0 AD T HTT (iv)T TaA VT,

stin
Sin
a sin e Ta sine -5
2R-W 0
 135

134

T (nail-extractor hammer)
ZTT 400 NT TT I i
30cm

() 400 N T YT
ATAT zrT T R sin 308 SsineA4 -2m
Qcose Qcos6
SOScos8

1
S sin 6° T S' cos /30 6cm
TT T S I S Sa7a
R Rcos30
300 N
fa 5:15

R TE T éiAT STa R cos 30°TAT R sin

30° ETTI s
se
+Ssin 8=R sin 30°
400 15kN
EH -0,
as

400 +S sin 0
fa 516

,
Cl

EV = 0 Scos 6 R cos 30
Ji

S cos 8

EM=0, A TT K,
ra

6 x cos x0-400 * 300

EM=R cos 30 x 6+ R sin 30 * 0+ S sin 0+S 4m
T5 7 4T 300 N, D Fafr sir 37r taTtIA t a zi 8-2 6m t
sh

3 12000 TR=2310 N
2
EH =0, cos -R = 0
Mi

Qcos 8+ R = 0
2310
400 +S sin 0 = 1155 V -0, sin 6 -300-1500=0
2
sin 1800= 18 kN
T S sin 6= 754.7
(ii) R HT TT,
EM =0 3, A TR TTA T,
EM -300 x 6+ 1500 x 4-Rx3 =0
RV3 3 R 2600N=26 kN
Scos 0 2310 x=2000
(ii) an (iv) Ti i
S (sin 6+ cos6)
, 2

755 +20002 = 4-57x 106

(i)TRT 417 TEA UT, Qcos 0=-2600=26 kN

TS 2137-6 N
Q cos = 26

Ssin 0 774.7
S cos 0 2000 tan = 0:377
8 = 20-6
 137
0) = 26+1-8
136
sin
(cos0+ Q-
3-162 kN TAAT LAOC LCOB= L BOA = 360° 120°

1-8 LBOD =
120 =
sin 60°
2.6
Cos 6 LONB = 90°
tan 0 =
0-692 T 8=347
ON cos 60°
FT6T PyT BONT,
OB
ON = OB cos 60°
(U 2
7 517
fGTÀ TEI OB =
OD=Ta ArT T

0ON ND OD-ON=OB-
BC AC=l s
se
500N Wx ON= PxND
TT ANEI
as

A CD
PE T YUmHT
THT
ZTT ari TT 7T = V2N
T 500 N 120x Px
500 ) 500
P (5004+
Cl

= 120 N
T ANN=: 2
FF AACN
sin 45 3TETOT 18:g TA7 T*76 FTAT (necessary and sufficient conditions)
i gT
Ji

P XAB
7 HT7 400 I (UPBTE)
Tx AN=
ra

faz 517
PxAB s00
T 2 * 2X
sh

AN D
C
2000 N=2 kN
Mi

ETSTUT 17: 120 N T ET tit zHTAT Y7 AEi vTT YT

-4m- 300 N 300 N
6 m
(UPBTE) 300 N 400N
400 N 400N
(a)
(b)
iT2T A, B aaT CT TT 3I fa 5-19

BCT CA qA f d I 400 N, SH5 Ta

fazc BTT T T, fa 5-19 (6) 5 *THTI
BD
2m BC-3 m

HTT OD, AB NU IEAT EI BT-T

fe
 139

138 300-400-300+400=0

, R cos 0+ Rp= 90
EF EIr sin -40 +20 0 R sin 8 =20 ..i)
EF= 0 tt EH=03
A T
RA

+400 * BC+300
x BD EM-0,
ZM = - 300 x AB * 2=0 2M-RAX0+40 * 0--20 x 2-30 x 5 + 20 x0-40 x 6+Rg X
7 0
* 3 + 300
300 x6+. 40+150 + 240 61-43
RB kN FNT
ZM= 0

6m
ITN Ma47
150 kN
90-Rp= 90-61-43 28-57
3ET87T 19: PT 520 5 R4 cos 6 =
)+ (R Sin 8) = 816-24 +400 121624
RA(RA cos
RA 34-87 kN
-3m RA Sin 6 20
A
-4 m- a RA cos 28.5707
6= 150kN m
:B3 5T T HT=
25 x 6
s 0 35°
se
34T6TUT 21: RA 5:22 (a) EF T aRÍa T fAv 20kN
fa 5-20 15m
as

1'5m
20kN
RA-150 + Rg-80 0
Cl

EV 0, RA+Rs= 230
T M-20 x (1-5+1-5)= 60 kN-m (eTT)
EM 0, A TT E T,
Ji

2M=R4 * 0-150
x 3 + Rg X 4-80 x6=0

-930
232-5 kN
ra

Rg
f 522
RA 230-Ra = 230-232-5-25 kN
sh

)4,
Rx4 60
15 kN
Mi

3T8TUT 22: f 5-23 (a) # saAa 5 40kN

20kN 30kN 40kN 2m
7 fa 523 (a) 5 TETT 40 kN 27 4T T (a)
RASinG 4OkN CU
) 40 kN HT C t rI -3m-
-1m n-Re (i) 40 x 2 kN-m T CT TTT HI
FiJTT T
Ra 7 5.23 (b) HFATT, TAT 5 5 TRT A 40kN
R Cos kN-m
faa 521
402
2F=0, RA-40 + Rg =0 A
RA
sin 8 RA+ Rp 40 .0
R cos 0 RA
-5m

V=0, RA cos 6-20-30-40+ Rp=0 far 523

 141
140
80 kN
x + Rg * 8= 0
EM=RAX 0-40 x 3+ (40 2) 40 kN
4/3 kN 4kN
kN
Rg
40 Rg5 10kN/m
60
RA 40-Rg
= 40-5 =35 kN 2m
ATt (loaded) y5 YTi AB 5 5i ara at 2m Im Im
23:RA 5-24 AFAN KA
RB
TansTOT
5.25
RA TAT RpEI
A TAT B T safsar
T:HTT f EV-0, RA-6-4-80-40 +Rp 0
RAt Rp=250 RA+R130 )
EF =0,
EM =0, A T T T a, =
0 s
EM R4 x0-250 x 2+Rg x 10
RAx0-43 cos 60° x 0- 4/5 sin 60° x 2-4 x3-80 x4-40x 6+ Rg x 8=0
se
Rg 73 kN
500
50kN BC 7a (Tits7 )
R10
as

RA130-73 57 kN
RA 200 kN
Cl

250kN
8m-
-2m (UPBTE)
Ji

RAD
HTT&ErTAB=2/a AC CB = /af Tit Taa T
E B
ra

C
RA TxAD-W x BE = 0

-
sh

fa 524
77 ATR T y*T TtT A T
T Tx AC cos
Tx[cos - Wx AB sin 0 = 0
Wx 21 sin 8
Mi

E,
AETAT AD 34T: RAETT RADT
HTT T
RAE RAD Wx2/sin
RA
sin 90 sin (18030) sin (180-60)
T 1cos8
T 2W tan
RAE xsin 30°= = 100 kN (Eis)

RAD xsin 60 - 200 100 V3 KNCE Rsin a-W=0 (R sin a t)

2 R sin a= W ..(1)
T
JTE 24 E TT (beam) fA 5.25 fRtat
7rei i qTA I TT 80 kN
&1 7 12 5.26
R cos a-T=0 (R cos a)
R cos a T ..i)
D t I Z-TAT faafka 4Tr I KN/m x 4m-40EN
R TI FT AT = 10
 143
142
cossa) = #*+T tan 8)
R (sin a
+
R2- *+(2W RgSin a 200 ...0)
4 tan 0
R Wyi+ RA-Rg cos a 0
T Rp cos a RA ..()
R sin a
21 tan 6
R cos a 200 x BE-R *AC=0
=
T 200 x
2-R x3 0
tan 2 tan o 400
RA =133.33 N 5.28

a a 2 tan )
Rg (sin a t cos a) = 200 + 133.33
R y200 + 133.33 =240.37 N
T TRQ TAT RT Py7 i gurH BC,
3aTETT 28.
s
7 EraEI zfe F76TTt Aga
se
CA FT AB

PcosA+Q cos B + Rcos C=0 (UP BTE)

as

*************
Cl

60
100 cos 60°
L OAB= ZOBA=aa
Ji

Guyrope
N 2 OBC 2 OCB = B ***
100x=50 100 N LOCA = LOAC=Y
2 M
ra

LA = a+Y, 2B=at+B
0 2C= p+Y
5.29
sh

***********
24+ 2B+2C= a+y+a+p+ß+r
sin 60° 100x
Mi

100 180°
2 (a+ß+)
60A a++Y 90°
= 503 N a 90°-(B+Y)= 90°-C
(i) g B 100 N TT 7 TPeDATT SITT, B
faT 5.27 OL
M- 100 x BD SA AOL, DASina
- 100x 2 sin 60° 100/3 N-m OL OA sin (90°-C)= OA cos C

OM
tt yhr A BOMT,R
OB
Sin

OM= OB sin (90°-4)= OB cos A

Rg sin a-200 0 ON
AT A NOC sin Y
OC
144 (90°-B)=OCcos B . 145
OCsin
ON
ON+ Rx OL
ADb
BD= sin 0 sin 0 OB
M Px OM+Qx x OCcos B+R x OA cos
OB cos A +9 BD
M= Px 77 AADE, sin0 W
(TT), FfrY BE
OB-OC= r
O4 cos A +Qr cos B +Rr cos C BE
BD
M= Pr T sin 0 ...1)
BE
0
3 AACET, BC sin RT 5.31 (0)
M=0 BE = I sin 0 ii)
cos A+Qr cos B+ Rr cos C-0
Pr Pcos A+Q cos
B+R cos C= 0
BD
HTY27"itU 7 T7 90 N, R 2
240 N R 180 N Rr AR sin
arErT 29.ABCDEF YT
I sin sin 0 0 BD

(UPBTE201 HHTRT (1) ,

s I sin b
sin Pegi
W
se
Y
1/3
sin'e- sin-
as

EX=0, cos 60° +P cos 270° -b

180° +240 cos 30° +Q 0
180 cos +90 cos 120° 1/3 T 5.31 (b)
Cl

(9)+0}+PrO) +90(-)=0
T:75T, sin
180 (-1)+ 240 B
Ji

T 34307 N go #i RT AGAT TT 20N, 30N, 40N, 50N TT 60N TË

(UPBTE 2013) 90
A
ra

60° + P sin 270° 180N

180 sin 180° + 240 sin 30° +Q sin FT:X=20 cos 0° +30 cos 30 +40 cos 60°+
+90 sin 120° = 0
fr 5.30 50 cos 90°+60 cos 120°=35-98 N
sh

S0
180)+ 240()+e9+P-D+90-0
Y 20 sin 0°+30 sin 30° + 40 sin 60°+
50 sin 90° +60 sin 120= 1516 N 120
Mi

P 227-653 N 90
R x+? =v3s.982+151.62 1558N 60

1/3 -tan-n359576
(35.98 76-6° TT
20
fR 5.32
(UPBTE2
HTTiT (SUMMARY)

AD
RDsin0
 147
146

TTHEXERCISE)

(statements) RT H AIST-
HIHIR YTAE (Genera
(General conditionso 2. aT (UPBTE)
ATT IUg 7 Kgra
9. FAT7 aA-AE77 5

RE0 F-0
F 0 Y:2=0
= 772Y=0
770T2=0] 7 LV=0 3. (i) rg s
I FIKITRIT I HTAISTI (UR BTE)
se
(UP BTE 2009)
as

(UR BTE 2001)

(U.PBTE 2001)
(U.PBTE 2001)
Cl

(U.RBTE 2013)
5. HI I AHAT-
(UP.BTE 2001)
Ji

(UPBTE 2001)
(U..BTE)
ra

7 4=0
(i)|2Y 27 2V=0
sh

WR wRL)_
(2RL+E) V(2RL - E) ruPBTE)
Mi

(U.PBTE 2007)
UPBTE)

I2. TT fzETUfaaia (Trigonometrical) H Tat5 CTTT f M BT ST7 NI TI 3 TT 200 N TT 2 CAB 30° EË AT TT T IT ITT
fa 5-32
rza7 aft fadi Frya ABC sfrd cay T:1-731 kN, 2644 LN] (UPBTE)
12. 125 cm t, F-FHTT HTR ATETt TT 75 cm
U3 5i 3H5 fAU AT 100 cm F-IITTAT F TTT TT YE 3 e

ZCDB = 0
faT 533
(m + n) cot U=m cot a-n cot T:250 13 N] (ULP)

(m+ n) cot 0=n cot A -m cot B 3T:AT 21I N, 218-IN, 1 kN] (UPBTE
156

157
W sin 0x = W cos 0xx
2
Fcos + F sin O tan . Wtan
F cos 0 cos + Fsin 0 sin à W sin
F sin 0
X tan0 =

Fcos (0-) = Wsin

F Sin a G 1. F cos 0
COs (o A) mm mNTITTITTT
X mmmmm
2
cos (-A) =
TThTT =1 W

0- fas 6-12
n a
. (ii) cos (-)
0T 0=%
= 1
TA T
s F TAH H17, F =
Wsin 2
se
tana h
as
Cl

<a
tan <tan a WSSin 6
Ji

cos8
W W
r5tan ¢. sHfrT F+f Wsin
F= W sin 0-f
ra

F= W sin8-pR fas 6-13

TgR =
W cos 6, zHtaY
sh

F W sin - Wcos
tan>tan a F= W(sin 6- cos )
Mi

(UPS TT a FT7 THAT I FH PI UE% P cos a FA6 25 FHTTR

GT tN TAT P sin a HTE 5 AA GT
sina
tP
-PcosauR
Fcos =uR f=
R+Fsin 8=W W sin 6
R-(W-Fsin 8)
W
F cos 6- (W-F sin 8)
Fsin 0= u W
Fcos 0+
far 6-14
 fRat
der HET
ya acht T=1411 N, 141-IN 800
148
800 NT
ngi 37T: NJ(
7
15. 5 6mmi 3TT:650/NG
N (UPT

750N
Y5 A 3R57136
17. 707 aaat1 z
afr BP FET
fat
60* T Y6 ThT
3m AP &TT T
ih aft THTT B
ABC,
TAT 3T AP
B
4T 7T 8
m T TK
TCEHT ET 864 N,498 N)(UP
18. 1-05kN
CT 600N 3TT:
=5mT 5
maTI ufe AB
cm 230N
3TT1-l kN T TT 100N
HtABT SITCT HyI
Rars oy C7T A Fi 400 N
20. fe 5-33 s
se
600 N C pA
as

minui
Cl

- 2m -2m
Ji

-2m faT 533 Ae

2 mI zf 5 kN R
ra

zrar r 3T:8304
A AAT a
4 m 7T ÈI TT
sh

BC= 30 mm -TH p-S

ET
21.
eATFHT ET H E TT IT
Mi

22. e fT ABC T
AB, BCHT
AB =40 mm,
CA RATT
x-
AHT:
T
400N, 500 NTT 300
N5
318 158 N, x-37T
a
T TEI TTd
Fi YAT4 RM T 598° (UPTA
I 91 3T

sin a sin
+ sin
sin (a +B) sin (a )
3
BDRT D
ETHi AB, EC, BC, CA,
cm 7T E, YM AB HA I
fraT AT5 YIT 20 I YA,
24. MBCD gT Tf
3tr 60 N aT TT T EI 7 TA 6 urTHT a772:96 YURAT
a feaT 4T: 70, 80, 120, 90, 50
3TT: 114:64 N, TT aT

2r cos 20=a cos 6.

() TaT, (i) R7, (i) TRT, (iv) FT4, (V) TFRT I

 YouTube: Mishra Ji Classes
website:-www.mishrajiclasses.co

6 FRICTION

6-1. ufta (Introduction)

6-2. TUT c6l hTtuT (Cause of Friction)

(Valley) (Crest)
s
se
as
Cl
Ji

fa7-61
ra

63. Ffacn TAT TTT UUT (Static and Kinetic Friction)

sh

A
Mi

aT (normalreactionforce) E ËI R, U 4T gfor aI E, B
fa-6-2. TrT (Friction)
RE mng

-F
Ss F

mg
HHaA FAT7 aTT TT (self adjusting force) E1
fa-63. EuoT aa (Friction Force)
HIIAT TGrd Të
 I59
158

T T7 0.4 EI tUT T E7 75 8N, 16 N HT 24 N êAa 7 T aa EI Rs nAztaa

Pcos a +J= Wsin 6
T:5 R = WTAT itHTT ETduT,
P cos a +HR = W sin6
R
Pcos a W sin -HR
cos J W
R+P sin ca = W
R = P sin a
Wcos
cos
- - P sin a)
0.4
16N
x 40

TtearT (i)3, Pcos a = W sin 6 -# (W P 8 N; V6 P<JS, ATTT TAy T HA t 8

W sin6-HW cos
P= cOsa-uSin a F P =
16 N; YEP=f Fukr TT tiHIT 40 N
TT 1 W6-16
fax

s
se
(U.RBTE) TTTUT 6: TBSi
P fe7 (b) T7P UTA TT aT EI 5Jek A TT B g5 Trii ¥TZET Tr aTRT ATT Ä A7617 (a) IGHTT J
(a)T
as

Pcos 30uR
Cl

H,
gT 5 M ZH = 0 R=5-0-5P
2V=0 4, R+P sin 30=5
HTT (1)T TUT , :() e 6-17 (b) T Th5 TR, W=200 N TA7 fautia ftAT T ATdT t
(UPBTE)
ztdibaT Rarit i
Ji

RI = 0:3 (5-0-5 P)
Px0866 kN
P= 1:5/1016=1-476 R 200 N
ra
sh

130
Mi

30 W-200N
faa 6-17 (a)
faz 6-17 (b)
4R
SAN

2V=0H, R-W=00 R W-200 N

5kN 6-15s (b)
EH==0, P-4R=0 P=HR=0-4 x 200
faz
fz 6-15 (a) P=80N JTT

EH=0, HRPcos30
EV=0,
R 5+Psin 30 n6T T 5d 5, fA7 6-17 () THTT
R= 5+0-5SP
Px0-866 = 0:3 x (5 +0-5P)
BT a-0,
ATR T-T,
W, Rp, H Rg
W,
T T (7 TAR) RA W 200 N w- 200 N
kN RTaT pRA faT 6-17 (¢)
P 1-5/0-716 2-095
 161

TaT EV= 04, R-W-Tcos 0 0 R- W+Tcos 0

160
Tsin O/u(W+Tcos 0)
Tsin 0 (W+Tcos 6)
R 200 N
T(sin 0-4 Cos 0)= ¥
Ra-W-0
0 T cos ) ..(iv)
7 A 1 MY, DH
0 -0-4 200- T 31 (sin 0

-u Ra-T-0 Q-T- 80
,
() TT (iv) cos (sin 6-p cos 0)
37 A A A, RA 200 N
sin 0-p cos 0 cos 08
EV-0, RA-W 0 T 0-4x 200 80 N
T-pR 0 sin 0 2ucos
EH 0, N sin 0 aar cos 0 T TEA T
Q 160
80 3 s
-80
se
2r 24 vP-4)
as

fu 6-18
4x 44 (P-4r)
4x(1+4) 4u?P
Cl

AMIE)
2x
2x Ja+24 2x 24u
RaTrT TA BI a+ 4u)
Ji

BTai A, BTT C7 77
: 6-18 FAT iÍ
21t/
ra

2r va+4u)
TATETT8:40 N T Y T FTT 7 V7 TTT (imiting equilibrium) T 30 E YEo
sh

T
(UPBTE)
DB =x
CD STTITT AD
CH ABTT A
Mi

I/2
AC = BC=

AD
sin0 27 tan 30° = 1/N3

cos V(1-sin 0)=

(UPBTE)
C T, THAT 2W77 7 d I
2Tcos 0-2W=0
2V= 0
: T= WIcos 6
Tcos 0= W

R=Tsin6 fA 6-19 () TTHT,

EH=0, R-Tsin 0=0 R Tsin / 4
 150

(1)

(2)

Limiting friction A
3)
k >k (d , 7-6-4), H> H

s 0.04
se
45 0.10
0.40
T64 TT () 0.60
0.35
as

1.0
OA T 45° IT 7 Z KEiEI 0.35
Force 1.0
E-75 7 T E I5 AT TYT 7 17 RIT U (Graph between External Force and Friction 0.40
Cl

1.60

67. TUT TUT (Angle of Friction)

Ji

6-4. TUT A (Laws of Frietion)

ra

f« R
sh

BC OA =fs
Mi

eh 4 OBC B- OB
tan
6-5. 7tUT TUITT (Coeficient of Friction) Js
R
an
mg
SoR HR Tan A faT-6-5. tT TUT (Angle of friction)

tan a (4)

R 68. faNTH atT (Angle Repose)

of
162
163

AWcos (UPBTE)
Wsi
Wsin
Wcos W
w
030
faz 619 (b) R-P-W sin 0=0
.)
fa 6-19 ()
R-Wcos 0 0
R W cos 0= 300x cos 20° 282 N
P+pR-W sin 8 = 0
R Wcos 6
0-5 x 282
, R 60 x cos 30 60 x0-866 = 51-96 N s P-300x sin 20° 0
se
05 HT TET P=141- 102-6 38:3 N
() P,R, WaAT =
0
24 +x 51-96-60 x 0-5
as

0-1155
2=0-1155
tan =

PP
Cl

(0-1155) 6-6
T, tan
W sin wSin
6-19 (b) FgTA Rafa vr feTr R
Ji

ATATT,
f Wcose
W IIWcos 6

TETBTOT 10: E 200 V2N T 7 fE 45° 5 5T =20 300N

20= W
ra

We faa 621 (a)

fa 621 (b)
sh

afe z7T JIE 0-2 200v2N

fPT 6-20 (a) FTT JTi EI (Rough Plane) P-uR-W sin 6=0
(i)
5 R-Wcos = 0
Mi

(UPBTE) R W cos 20° 300x 094

fa 6-20 (a) 282 N

P-0-5 * 282-300 x 0-342=0

P 243-6 N
3T

2 PCos30
fyus
7FT TRT T FF VT P, R, u R T Wcos 45° TT Wsin
45 Wcos4s 77
Wsin 45° 1 ËT (UPBTE)
Sin30
W 200 2

R-Wcos 45= 0 Psin30

W cos
R 200 V2 x 1/ v2 =200 N 30
fur 6-20 (6) 30 KN
P-Wsin 45-HR = 0
Pcos 30°= pR+1 sin 30°
P-Wsin45+pR = 200 V2
x+02x200 240 N f 6-22
 152 153

R TCTET T ortETa afafAT

TT T5 (coefTicient of friction)

AE T TT Us FT YfT (tendeny to slip) TUT E,

mgsin
s Ta F=TT aAIg TET (to maintain) 5 AZ STARTK TA

mg cos
mg
mg sin o Js
R mg cos 6.11. TfiT TqUT (Rolling Friction)
feT-6-6. hTa Ur (Angle of Repose
mg sin mg cOs o s
se
4 tan
as

Ta 6.8
T goT (sliding friction) df*T TúT H yfaffr st arT
Cl

6.9. TsUT iF (Cone of friction)

Ji
ra

Fef yrr TA A ferd at7 fruftr (ball bearing)

sh
Mi

f 6.9. ta aa
6-10.
A TqUT T4 (Coulomb's laws of friction)
fFr a vT (solid friction)Ei zaTi i, HTT U qOT (clean and dry) FT6i 5 fY TZ ETI 5-12. UT FTT TUT ETM (Advantages and Disadvantages of Friction)
(1) T (advantage)-
 165
164
Psin 30°+ cos 30
I
=
R
Px0:5+ I x0-866

0-4 (0-5P +0-866) + 05

P>0-866
KN
P- 1-2708

(UPBTE)
R1-W cos =0 R cos
Pcos30 T+ 4R-Wi sin 0 =0
cos
()TT (i)T, T+H1 x }W
-Wisin 9-0
T= W1 (sin -p1 cos 0) i)
Sin
S00 sin 30
...) BOO
l3
cos 30 s 2-2 cos 0= 0
aR2 2 cos
se
R+Pcos 30 sin 30° Psin 30
R S00 cos 30° + P BOON
= 692-82+ P2
as

= 400 fa 6-23
0-25 (692-82 +P2)+Px 0:866
Cl

P = 228-85 N Y3 TTT T (limitin Sin 6 2422

T T 400 N 4T 7 YE W2
ETETET 14:30° JE Y6 A 8
Ji

COS
W2

Sin 8
ra

V2
.= 30° Cara
W
W
= tan 30° = 0-577
tan Sir20
sh

AP
W
Mi

UIS
Sr
M Wcos45 fas 625
42 R2-T-W2 sin 0= 0
7: R+ P sin 20°W cos 45° =0 W-400N T 42R2-Wa sin 6
R= cos 45°- P sin 20° (iv) azT (v)F, T= #2(42 cos -sin 6) (vi)
fe 624 STT (ii) TT (vi) T,
P cos 20°-uR- W'sin 45°=0 T W1 (sin
-41 cos 6) = #2 (42 cos 0-sin 6)
Pcos 20°-# (W cos 45°- P sin 20°)- Wsin 45°= 0 Tsin (W1 + W2): cos 0 (W1 H+2#2)
x 0-707=0
T 0-94 P-0:577 (400 x0-707- P x 0:342) -400
tan&
P=392-24 N +W2
*PaH2
tan an-1
+W2
154
155
(2) E7TT (disadvantage)

JmaxP2<P}
Jmax P

Plane)
(Condition for Sliding and Toppling on Rough Horizontal

R
s Jmax P2>Pi
se
Jmax P
as

M 2h
Cl

2/h

w
Ji

fa 6-10 (Condition for Sliding and Toppling on Rough

Inclined Plane)
TT (P x h) ET TTAT 7I
ra
sh
Mi

Wxx = P xh

Ph HTE T YS 5 yT JHIT T (angle of repose))

W

F W sin 0
b T R W cose
9

b_Rh tvs C ufta: gpraa rgt

orrsin
raI
M
Sin
W cos
RaT W cos 0
2

bW
P 2h fr,
W
fax 6-11
166
67

R-50cos 30 0
R-50
T+ uR-50 sin 30 0

S T025 00
fa 6-26 T T 14-175 N

R-W'cos 60 =0 VW
T R W/2
s S-Wcos 4S = 0 7 S
se
T+uR-W' sin 60= 0 T-S-Wsin 45 0

, T-
as

(i) -0
(W I2) (V3 -4)
T-025 + (125)
TT TT () (i) 3,
Cl

TAT

T S=- 5125 14175

Ji

S-Wcos 30= 0 2
W 16-03N
T-LS-Wsin 30 0 + 1)
ra

(u V3
T= uS+ W/2 T T (2)
sh

(UPBTE

-1-2-N3
Mi

=
+1 (3-1] T
Cos

5A TT A
TTETOT 17:a 627 (a) Rart rà a6 B I ZR7 T STT
(U.RBTE

45*
sin Tsin
R W
cos 4
Sin
50 Wcos4
45 W
S0
W W-150N
A30 30N

(a)
45
30 50 N

(b)
fa 628 (a) f 6-28 (b)

W
fa 627 sin 45°-Tcos 45°-f= 0
 169
168
S= Wsin 45°- T cos 45°
() qqo a,
R 150x-50x70.7 N
= 0
R-IW' cos 45°- T sin 45°
R IW cos 45° + T'sin 45°

141.4 N
150x+50x 2 (U.PBTE)

70.7 N TAT R= 141.4 N, FHISTT YUT JITG

(i) PE uR =

pR 70.70=0.5
141.4

*
EH-0, s uR-S= 0
.)
se
EV-0, R-W= 0 T R-W
0 S-uR (1/2) W- W/2
as

EM Sx BC-Wx AM-0
5- ..i)
Cl

A ABC
BC AB sin 0
A AGM T AM = AG cos
W W sin
Ji

fT 6.29
t
ra

Wsin 0= S w
W'sin 0 uR
sh

W cos 0= R
R
w
W sin6 RR
Mi

i) T (i) T, W cos M
C
tan fa 6-30 (a)
fr 6-30 (6)

cos0 TG, AB5T HE f

+ (i) BC TT AM H TEÀ T
AM= (AB/2) cos 6

AO Sx AB sin 0-IVx (AB/2) cos 0 0D

AAOP T, OP coS 6 AO=r cos 6= 1+ (W/2)AB sin Wx (AB/2) cos
sin 0 cos
45
(11) StTT E,
0=45°,
h BO-AO = r- J +
JA 0-75
 171

170 H HT ITT 5 I Giges quuy q7, f=41-67 N

EV 0, R W+ W=2 HR = 0.3 x 200 60 N

EH 0,
EM= 0M, SS1
A
x
T A TT TT 4 AC=0
BC-Wx AM-Wx
TaTETOT 22 : YE FTEi AB 3 m Tat 7 TI TAAT 4 180 N*I TE cdar 7 60° T T
S1 AB/W2
BC AB sin 45

AM AG cos 45 cos 45 22 (UPBTE)

V2
AC = AB cos 45AB/
(i) T BC, AM HAT AC H7 TGT T,
EV = 0
, R+42S= 180+902
S 2V -W2 s TR+42S = 1082
se
EH=0, S 41R+F .i)
W.AB/V2 (2 -3W/2
as

S1 ABIV2 Sx BC+ 42 Sx AC = 902 x AC+ 180 x AM .ii)

S1=3H/2 = 1-5 W AB = 3 m
f=
Cl

0-75 x2W=15 W BC AB sin 60= 3 x 0-866 2-598

uR
AC AB cos 60 3 x=15 a0.25
ai&
Ji

zTTt 5 TER FA TTT

200 N Y5 fei
21:13 m ai
NEi, MAT 7
2=0-75
JETETUT AM-
(UPBTE)
ra

200 N5T 5T ËI (iii) a, S(2:598 + 025 x 1-5) =

902 x 1-+ 180 x 0-75 S02N
(equilibriu) TÈi*1 T S,R,FaT
sh

S S-3+135
2.973 500-5 N 180N

. AB2-
Mi

BC2
AC R =
1082-42 S
10829-25 x 500-5
- y133-s =12: K956:9N
T 0.35
13 F= S-H1R
R= 200N 500-5-0-35 x 956-9N fa 6-32
S=f TaT T
F 165-6N

= 0
Sx 12-200 x BD

Sx12-200x =0 (UPBTE)

500 4167 N 200N

S 12
fa 631
S f
S= 41-67 N
 (HH1-Ar)
Pllr
Pavpends'rula r- (erJa4) 173
V
172 Pas R+42 0

R 2 ..)
S

H= 0 S-fi 0
W S-p1 R 0
M
R
R+42S-U= 0 fa 6:33
EV =0, R-2S
HR-S=0 R=S
IH =0, TET 28
)
)aT (i) a, s
se
(3/8)W
R+ R = W TR=W S=
S=2 iMN
f4R
as

EM Sx AC+ #2Sx BC-

,Wx BM=0

BC +h,* AC - x
Cl

fa 6-34
ABC T A BGM M-0,Sx AM-*AN+Rx0+fx0=0
TA AC AB cos 6,
BC AB sin
0 = (AB/2) sin 6
TT BM= BG sin
Ji

T Sx BC+ 42 Sx AC- Wx AM-xAN=0

SxAB sin 6-Wx (ABI2)

sin 6 =0 9W 9
ra

Sx AB cos 8+ 14
AB cos 45°+ 4X AB sin 459- Wx AG sin
45-xAD sin 459 0
sh

9
AB sin 0 - Wx (AB/2)sin 0 AB 9,AB AB, LI,AD
Wx AB cos 0+xWx T14 14*2*2 0
Mi

cos sin 9 AB 3AB AB AD 0

14 14
tan1 0-4
SAB AD
14 2
AD = 5x1X =5 m
14
fAT-634 z9tT TAT EI
T:TÇT 7TT

W
EV=0, R+-1 -0
 175
174

R+S-Wcos
R-W sin 6 0
- 0 R+S Wcos
uR= W'sin8
(TET W TSTET
sin[180 (30 + A)] sin (90+30+A) sin 90D
W sin 8 Rear whee
(ii) a, R (B

W
Sin 4 cos 45 P-5kN
cos sin
S Wcos -R =
¥ -L
i)T,

G a, uR xh+Rxb- Sxa=0
Front
wheel
(A) wcos
P 0:5 T O - 10 kN

Sin 5) Sin
h+W Hcos e+ "Sin 6
T
x
b-a. far 6.35 (AMIE)
s
se
sin8|
OG
a
as

3
tan a+b+pL
Cl

= W cos 6,
R+S
Ji

#S= IWsin 0,
Rxb+ Sx a-S
p xa =0
ra

F
tan 0.T
a +b-p
sh

fuR
(a)
Mi

(D)
fa 6-37

,
T: 6-36 HJHT HTT 5 A
G EITAH
gR W, FaTFT
F-f HR
w , F-u
LA0Q 2GOC
5kN A GOC, GC OG sin 0 4r sin 0 2
e an, p
AQ 0Q sin 6r sin
A KTIT AY, R= W TUT uR = P
P=0-5R= 0-5W FxAQ + Wx GC-fx OD + R *0 0
fas 6-36
 177
176

T Wxr sin 0+ }' xsin

0.1 sin 0+ 0.424 sin
-
0 = 0.1
Wxr=0
HH6tT A ABO T,

BO AB A0 = y80 -30 ) - 741 cm

0.10.1908
sin 0.524
11° Rod)
(Con ~

2 sin 2.
faz 6-39

R s
EM-0x0+Px 30- R x 741-uRx 30=0
se
T R(741 +0-04 x 30)=Px 30
W
25 x30
as

fa7 638 R=- 75-3 9-96

996 kN
.
Cl

4 T, uR = 0-04 x 9.96 = 0-3984 kN=398-4 N

3T67UT 30: A 640 (a) gAT Ya6 AE77 at*i gat * 1500 NI
LNGM=6 TTZOMG=
Jt T T *I
Ji

A OMG,

OM OG -37 AÄ E7T: 40 tr 80 cm 1
ra

sin 20GM sin ZOMG

RI
sh

OM OG OM 37: 1500 N 5 R H6TTA TTY A

sin A sin 6 5 T H T
sin (180 0)
Mi

80cm

ON-OM
G
OG=
2 2 E 3H

OM
Sin 6
x 6-H 7 1500 N, R4T HR T TE
Ë: 1500N
uR Tr
R
sin 0 = 2 sin 2 EM= 1500 x 40-uR x 80 = 0 30cm
BTE
30cm Te was Ts (connecting rod) 80 cm
zauTr 29: rt s7T Ta R
u
1500 x 40
R0 750 N -120cm- 60cm
R 750/0-25 3000 NN faa 640 (a)
:TTTITgATT YTPET faa 6-39 feaTNT T4T
I
 179

178
R 3000N h= 10 cm

uR=750N

30
120cm
-O0CIII
R
3cm- 3cm -3cm
7 640 (b)
100N 100N
30-Px 180=0 f 6-42 (a) f 642 (b)
LM= Rx 60-uR
x

3000x 60-750 x 30 -875 N sTTOT 33: y7 tAT TF (right cone) fi FT 7 TfAT uT JT 2/) &r
P =
180
s
se
R
faT 6-43 5 IJHN, TT 5 AMTG TH E aT BC TT, at
as

PxNC x5 ,
AM=hTT MB= MC=r= TTT 5T ATI
7T 6 7 arei zaT AGCM,
ATT GTETT
EI
Cl

P
Wb
2NC =4r
tan6GMh14
CM
h
M
-b5Ucm
Ji

P< W
ra

f tan tan
2NC
W < pW M tan =2/ V3 .i) fa 6-43
sh

Wb KNC 4r
w W 500 NN
tane-
Mi

2 faa 641
b 3)
NC7
24
h 2 3)
50 50 cm
NC 2x0.3 -0288
tan a AM h 23.2/
(UPE
a16° . sd z 2a 32

dih
Pxh= 100 x3 (UPBTE)

P= uR
R 100 N P=0:3 x 100 30 N
180 181

AR sin a
d/2_ ...(1) 4R sin R
tan GM h/2 h

R cos
at R cos a

0< -

tan 8<tan
fa7 644
dlh 2uR

W
s fa 6-46 (a)
faz 646 (b)
se
Z50 cm -150 cm
S= HR+ uR= 2uR
Block P-f
as

Lever
= 0, Fx400-R x 150= 0

9TI5 R= 800 N R P
22 sina sin a
Cl

0.25
200 N
* 800
3TR
TarET36. 1 N
fs &aTEaT gTI Rrs ig
Ji

fxr (UPBTE 2001)

= 200 x 50 R
ra

= 10,000 N-cm Flywheel

TR a7 6.45 EV 0, R 100+ F sin 30°
sh

1
=
100+30x l15 N F cos 30
Mi

309***T

7: 7-6.46 z4RT ZTT TT EI à77 T 4TT WGEAfeTr

, šAT TT PTT utaT R EH= 0,
F cos 30 f
R -F 30N
F cos 30° pR sin 30°
E
30xcos30°
R sin a + R sin a = }W
115 100 N
faT 6.47
0.226
W
R 2sina
(UPBTE 20a3)
 183

182 30°
COs
R

tan tan 30
fR R 433.01 +0.5 F
500sin
30
F sin 30°

cos 60° 20x 10N

R 20 09 F cos 30° 500 sin 30°+f 500 cos 30°
uIs A30°_
0 20 cos 60° (oa*- s00x+0.25(433.01+0.55)
W S00 N
20 sin 60°
F+f F 483.47N TH faz 6.50
F 20 sin 60°- R
20
3
-20 * -5 10 W 20 N
fa 6.48 s (UPBTE 2002)

600N
se
R=W cos 30°
as

R 1000x 866.02 N
&
Wsin Wsin
Cl

W
(UPBTE 2000) sin 30°+f=F
747 T A 7 UTT JTE TT aTI cos 30
W cos
A30°
Ji

1000x+R =600
F -6.49 ¥JTT StatFT a
R W cos e W-1000 N
ra

S00+x 866.02 6000

F B+1
Wsin faT 6.49 0.115 fa 6.51
sh

F Wsin +pR
cos
F= W'sin 8+p W
Mi

T 12° 7TF= 150 N, FHfTT FHTET (i) *

150 W'sin 12° + p W'cos 12°

a I5° TTF- 172 N, Fat JT FtitRT () * (UPBTE 2005)

15° + p W cos 12°
172
Y sin
Scos30
X30° 5 kNN
W 447.8 N
0.13
(UPBTE204,
R Wcos 30°+5 sin 30 R5
W cos30
sin 30

R 500 cos 30°+ F sin 30

R- 15s A30° W-15 kN
faT 6.52
R 15.5 kN
 185
184
S 78 N
R+0.89 x 78 = 200
f+5 cos 30° W sin 30°
=
R = 130.6 N
300
S= W sin 30°-5 cos

f- 15-5x-317N
AOB sin (UPBTE 2009)
4p*)
f3.=
R 15.5
0.2045
(stepped) TeTsr 7 TT 200 NEI AAT
THAT N
ETET 42. f7653 (a) gTT Y FYT

2
s
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= W
R+Scos 60°+ HS sin 60°
Cl

R+Sx+0.45 x Sx 200 HTT 2AOB = 20, TT LAOC=0=2 BOC

Ji

R+0.89 S = 200

cos 60
ra

S
sh

*L
Mi

S sin 60°
60 2
8.5 C

A fHR fR
A50N
60 A
COs 60
60
fa 654 (b)
(a) EV = 0
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W=200 N R+R W+¥
fa7 6.53 R h

ZM=0-Rx AC +fx CO + Wx AML

S sin 60 T+fcos 60° - ¥x OA sin 0 +Rx OA cos
+
Wx OMsin 0

I T= 50 N, s0 +045x Sx -Wxisin 8+ Wxicos 6+ Wxsin 0=0

 186

- sin 0+ H cos +
sin 6
=0 z: P Qui R54T
T4TEITG E YT W Psin 25°
187

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sin (2 AOB)1+(24)
2x2 P cos 25 x AB= Wx BE
2.5 m
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sin (2 AOB) = 4H
1+44
Pcos 25°=
AB 2.5 72 N
72
=
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Cos 25
79.4 N ,200N
se
1+4p 77 HgTT 25 mITm.ATmmT
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as

(UPBTE
9tttb, R= 200-794 sin 25° = 166.4 N fT 6.56
a
dkdksktan (2p) EI f= #R = 0.25 x 166.4=41.6 N
Cl

1k1kh
HTT TUT (41.6 N) HTT P cos
25° 5 77 7 E FEf TA P cos 25° 77 41.6N
Ji
ra

R-W= 0

, (UPBTE 2012)
sh

R W

afat rga
T54TT
Mi

W gier
S- f=0 reI FHTTT
P cos 30° +P cos 30°= W
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W W 30°
PR
Rx0 +fx 0- Wx AD+Sx BC=0 D 2 cos 30 3
T-Wx AG sin 8 + H Wx AB cos =0 f uR

AB fR 6.55
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2
6 = -
4 Wx AB cos 6 R
P sin 60° +1000
tan 24
'.

IET 5. aTT 7
0 tan
200 N, aRIE L8 m 7
(24)
25 m
100 Psin 60
A60 Pcos60
W 1000
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(UPBTE20
faT 6.57
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f~ P cos 60°
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Sit S uR
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s
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o
Ji

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tan2 ps
sh
Mi

451 wsin
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5. ifA rT AT: tan Ps faz 6-60. faATH THUT

7:TT T (2) TT AA77 5T () FATA BTEI
aR
I1.
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 191
190

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Sin
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friction)
u=TT TTE (coeficient of
W
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(to maintain) 5 IY GTA9Y5 TT TET 662

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Friction)
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Ji

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(statements) H FF4 a1 3HF

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2. f a1
(2) nT (disadrantage)-
sh
Mi

(UPBTE 2009
(UPBTE 200a9
(ii) qoT T (UPBTE 2004, 08, 09, 10, 13)
D M (UR 2009)
() frTH AT (angle of repose) (UPBTE 208, 09, 10)
b (vi) zieiT rdT
fEr5 T: 2h (UPBTE 2008)
(UPBTE 2013)
(vii) (rigid) Ta faast (smooth) ftus (UPBTE 2008)
f 661 (ix) tt TT (UPBTE 2013)
(UPBTE 2002)
(UPBTE)
(UPBTE)
 193
192 3712:3 N
z 5T3 TET BI zR TE fOTs HÍ a À 45° ET T 1500 N & feara aa
(UPBTE
8. T YfTATT-T (limiting) TM aT TTT T ANA FITI (UPBTE
9. F9T 4T (sliding friction) 7 GT TT (rolling friction) T TSTI s[gaT: 4-04, 35 kN] (UPBTE
(UPBTE2003)
(UPBTE 200
(UPBTE 2006,07
(UPBTE2000,09)
(UPBTE2003
15. uT F (cone of friction) T fASTT TTT (angle of repose) ¥ STT TH9T E? (UPBTE T: 110IN}

(UPBTE2006, 07 tan
T:
(UPBTE2009)
T:tan'(1/3). 1/3] (UPBTE)
3T 800N] (UPBTE) s
se
iGs STT TTT (sin 37°=3/5) N, (i) 98 N](UPBTE)
as

6) HT W T HIT GET (1) T:()42

T:40N, 60 N] (UPBTE)
Cl

3TT:0-25, 14-057
Ji

N
Ttta T T 200N ,š 14°T STT7T , 3T:168
TAT TRTI
NJ (UPBTE
TT S
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22 500
3TT:0-43] (UPBTE) 37
5 3, I 1000 NE, F žTTI TT TATHTTAT EITS T AAA TM ŽT TT TUTT5 0-317aT
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23. HTR
fa 6-63

36. Y5 500N T H ITT THI

Mi

6, T TTTT ATAT TT IT EaTI T T aIRT HRT T TETI

T:7204 N] (UPBTE 2013)
3T:991-3 N, 0-173] (UPBTE
3T8051N
T, (iv) TT, (V) T4, (vi) TT
I
TTT
)I i)TT, (ii) TTA
(UPBTE) T-253TT
EMTTI 3T:0-577]

3TT:22794 N] (UPBT
(UPBTB
3T: 57-2N]

FT: 30, 0-4]

(UPBTE YouTube : Mishra Ji Classes
website:-www.mishrajiclasses.co
 195

V.R.

7 MACHINES
V.R.

71 uTt (Introduction)
Faf,
Rai T gzM (devices) frei 7TR
T (available energy)

27 7-Pxy 3)
Hgit-T Gaf art (source of energy) HT TE7 TA AT aI T (parts) Fid E si
s
se
=
as

34FT
3t Wxx| 4)
7. Ri7 FTAT (Eficiency of Machine)-6Ht TRta
Cl

IYTET it TUT z HgVTa

Ji
ra
sh

3.7T5 TTY (lechanical Advantage)qiTA7 TY T7 MA. À afsfa arå i ET F ..(6)

Mi

M.A. p TT TAT Te

Wxx = P xy

p X
V.R. aT P faRAT M.A. = V.R.
A

P TATE,
196 197

y T RATY,

VR
V.R.=
P
V.R.
M.A. =
P

&T P xy
P P- P P- V.R. (10)
afer zer, Wx
Pxy
W
VR
s
se
W'
n M.A. VR. V.R.
as

W Px V.R.

V.R
Cl

W W-W= Px VR. - w .11)

10. TEiT TftT (Practical Machine T Real Machine)-TE ¥Í Hita raaf zéi BA ti
Ji

377 Ta5ruii (10) (11) 75 fAT T FAm,

Px VR ..(12)
ra
sh

P VR. P WIP
Mi

P-P-P (

13)
.Z,

1.2. pit fTua (Law of Machine)

M.A. WIP
n
V.R.V.R. WP V.R.
198 199

zq } f I7 AB T OC T aTerT zi (vertical separation) a7y a77

2
*****************

*********
.. tan
La
Rs T TYCT HI (Marimunm mechanical advantage)-F4

M.A.

P
=
P
a W+b
A ë f6

W
M.A.
aW+b

2 s WIW
(W) M.A. (aWIW)+(b/W)
se
4TT

fa 71
.ii)
as

M.A.
+blW
Cl

P = HTT THT,
Ji

.(15)
a = 5 T arT (slope) = tan 6 (PmT5) M.A-maa
ra

HTT7 AT (maximum efficieney)-F4 Td

Pal+ M.A M.A.X
sh

n V.R. y,R.
Mi

V.R.
P al + b n a+blW
P2 aWh +b
rRDE a TT (Efort spent against friction)-Z9t4T T4T MG aTkEg5
(16)
IK U max axV.R.
1000 N T 4R TeTAT Ail &I
ETERT1. t 4T Gera art *iT ZRT 50 NT ITH

50 N, x=20 cm, y= S00

Cm
W= 1000 N, P =
48T

ST =
RT- RS
M.A. = 20
V.R. ==800 40X
 201
200
W=nxPx V.R.
M.A.
to 0.5 50% 0.80x 500 10 4000 N
V.R.
YT 300 N5 UUE i R741: 12 kN TT 20 kN
STETUT 2: Y¥ FTAT T«t7 T 200 N
(U.RBn
200N, HTT W= 12000 N, 7TYTT
= 80 TET P 400 N, V.R. = 12
Bi: (0) 3TYIH P =
7
12000 25
P 400x 10 100 N

60/80= 0-75 = 75%

P- V.R.

(ii) ŠTATA P=300 N, HT }W= 20000 N, 2IYT = 80

20000
100 = 400- 12
M5 Ty = WIP=
300 s W= 300 x 12 3600N
se
ih 20000
833%
M.A.WIP3600/ 400
30080 833 nV.R.v.R.
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12

ETETUT 3:ari i TETrA

TE FR7 * 250 N 1 YTH 10000 N T TTT& 0.75 75% v
Cl

4500 N T 47T TET ii EI Ti7 7 TUTA 20 I

TTETT 6. F7 TT7 300 N T YTT
(U.PBTE
- 20
Ji

= 300 N, W= 4500 N, V.R.

E7:T6 P

50P = 40 M.A. WIP

ra

250
nV.R. V.R.
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(1) 4500/300 - 75%

I 5 TYA T Tr 7 z 800/10 = 80
0.75
20
Mi

300
P- P -75 N
40 20
R-05T 0:5x 100 50% W 300 20-4500-1S00 N
W PVR- 1S00 N
3T6 7. ti 7efT 7 1000 N 4T TET T AN 40 N ATA 7 TAT 3 Ei

7: TEl n= 80% = 0.80, x = I m, P=500 N, y= 10 m

V.R 0
-10 P=aW+b
x I000 +b
40 a
, M.A.
V.R.
60 ax 1500+b

P 25
202 203

3IF: 6500 N HTT 25

fer rATT, P =x6500= 260 N T80

W65000
M.A. 25
P 260

I5 TY, i=
M.A.may = 25 120
di
TTT8. T Frf7 fawaa guna 20 Ta z77T 80%, 7E T7 120 N TH

AMIE
ET:T P = 120 N, V.R. = 20, n - 80% = 0.80
30
M.A._IIP
V.R. V.R. s
se
HTR
IW=n xPx KR = 0.8 x 120 x 20 1920 N 100 00 300 400 S00 600
W (N)
as

P= P- 120
20
-24 N fa 72

: () 5 W=200 N f P - 60 N, FHTT TT- à Aa P = aW+ b,

Cl

FI
60 a x 200+b
P=aW+24
FT yrT7 W
500 N f P 120 N, T
Ta fr * À T
Ji

P-24 120-24 120ax 500+b

W 1920 20
JTT7 THT7ROT ET 6 T,a= b= 20
ra

P +24 20
sh

() HT fbit 4T (W=0) 5 fT XATE, P- +20

Mi

P=200+24 24 N Gi) W=350N d xaTE,

P=* 350 +20-70+20=90 N

i) 900 N T SATT, (in) Tafr, M.A.

P= 900 + 24
0x 69N v.R. V.R.
200/60
W 200 N fT, 100.333 = 33.3%
(i) 350 N 4TT & A STTR775 350/90 0.388 38.870
TT, W=350 N T, n2 10
(i) 200 N, 350 N aT 500 N
T TA HRA 57 zaat,
W=500 N , 13
500/120 0.416
10
L.6%

(iv) 77 YR
T , W= 0 T7 4T4,
 204 205

P x0 +20 20N îtat (Levers)

zy 5 fAHE 77 TE, P=b=20 N 74

(v)

E I5 120 N 7 TETH 3000 N 7 T TOTAT

TTETT 10. y5 7ft7 7 F T TT E M 160 N I

(iv) 5500 N 77 TTA A7 ATA (UPBTE ta T 3yi a RIr (nut cracker),

itat T 27 (lever safety valve), TT, EITTS
201 (crowbar) GTTE EI
P =a W+b T7 HT
120 N, YF: 120 = a x 3000 + b P 15ON
W= 3000 N fT P =

W 4000 N U P = 160 N, T: 160 = a x 4000+b

s -220cm
se
T SON 8 AT GH6 rA 150 N
T EI 7aT
a
25 YTb= 0
as

fB zi 25 cm&
P
Cl

25 C eD 20

A BCD
50N
i) sfrc zi5 ETY, M.Ama faT 7:3
Ji

sin BD20_4
BC 25 5
1
1
ra

=
axV.R. (%)x36 0.694 69.4% cos
(iv) W 5500 N .
- -sin? 6 =i-(4/5-
sh

5 TTT ITATA,

220 N A AECH, CE = AC cos = 220x 132 cm

Mi

P 25

7:3 HTT 3TA aTit yHE HYiti (Important lifting machines) A GMC T, CM= GC cos = 110 x = 66 cm

(1) 3Ht a AT (Levers)

(2) farfrai (Pulleys) ZM = Px CE-50x CM-Rx 25=0
150x 132 = 50 x 66 + Rx 25
(3) TT TT ZT (Wheel and Axle)
R 660 N.
(4)TET zTgaT TUT Ti (Differential wheel and axle)
(5) aiT et z7 h{EA (Capstan)
(6) faa a2T a (Winches and Crabs)
(7) (Worm)
T a uizr (Worm wheel)
8) futea
TT (Rack and Pinion)
(9) T 3rTY T (ScrewJack)
 206
207
3r ft (Fixed pulley)-5 TTT fari faa-7.5
frart raT fach fti isT fer

gT ART FA TT 40 N, RTT CHa IfaRT EI

SHTTT,
fT ETeTT R =P+
T: C 5 UTt aTT, ZM= R*2-40 x 15 = 0
R 300 N 2cm R =
P+ W +w
W= R=300 N 15cm
-HAT 3 FTT T, FTT a (safety valve), f 7-4
T-P W

fertta
R-2 17)

.
7-5. (Pulleys)
R2 W+
(18)
s
se
O
as

R P+W +2PW cos

Cl

TP W-7, af R
W +W+2 cos6
Ji

R W2+2cos6 .(19)
ra

fas 7-7. 37aA furi

faa 7:5
sh

1.5.1.
TT farii (Single Pulley) R P+(W + w)*+2P(W+ w)cos€ (20)
Mi

AE:T T, VR.

P
M.A
1=100%
1- 100%
V.R

TaT 76. aTH faT uftaAT

(1) TaT
fa
(Fixed pulley),
TT
(2) T7 frcT (Movable
pulley)
 208 209
P T 2
AAT = T+ T=2T
AB W= T+ T=27
W 2P

M.A.
W
2P-2
PP
V.R.

V.R. =

7-8. TA
fr
+w= 2 T1 +w V.R-2 .21)
fag Ott taTbaT = T1 + T1
s ,a
se
W+w = 71 +71
ag A Hga 5 fTi, affrETT ATEst 8, TH za7 1009%

W+W M.A.
as

T1
2
27
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x = x
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M.A.-2 22)
Ji
ra

(1) fautaai arT (First system of Pulleys)-f-7.9

sh

74

2T1 W+w
Mi

272Ti+w2

273 T2+w

2T4 3+W4

P T4

T7 7-9. a frnra (First

sys
P T
 210
211

2"P W+ w +2w2+2w3 +2w4+2

2"P W+ w+2w+ 2*w +2*w+.21w

W+wl+2+2 + 2 .2-1) P ZIU
angrd W RITT T
P=
2 6x
W +w(2"- 1)|
T TT g6 6
P
2"
vrgum= =s
w2"
M.A.
P W+w(2" 1)
-

s (25)
se
H157T (24) H w
=
ar fazaT T TT77 0 TEA T
n=l=100%
as

M.A. = =2
M.A. =
fT frrat TT
Cl

7, M.A. V.R. = 27
7 TT ui =

LLLLLLII
Ji

(2) fri T tT A (Second system of

ra

= Txn
sh

Pxn = W+w
Mi

P=- +w
Fr A
a gi
fa
TaA PT
TH BTT fTAT TT 1,2,3, 4, 5 TT 6 T
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1
nl=100%
aa TvA fA TT aiT EI TET frrit aiAT 1,2,3, 4 TT Wn

TT 2 T 4 T PRTAAÍ EI
(a)
MA. = V.R=
W (Second
5t
W+0
f 7.11 faT 7.12
faT 7-10-fta fraa
 212

213
f T A 4, 3 cen 25 #R
HN: Wi, v2 TT w
= KR. -2
LA.

MA. = VR. = 4
SHIMY-
P 72 271+=2+w
T3 2T2+ w2=2P+2wt
w2
T4 273+wa =2°P+2w1 +21*2*
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W= P(2' +24+2+1)+wj
(2+2+1)+w2(2+1)+ w3(1)
(fixedpulley)-I TI T M YRT ETT TEi 2,3 TT 4 7T JTaT FI T T W P(2-1)+wm(2-1)+w2(2-1)+w (2'-1)
W P(2"-1)+wy(2-1) +w2
(22 -

1)+..- (2-1)
WI W2V3
W Wa-W
s P(27-1)+w[(2 +24+..2)-(n-1]
se
T famta W P(2"-1)+w[20-n-1 ...(28)
as

M.A. WP2"-1)+ w(2"-n-)|

Cl

P P 29)

100% aT
TTI T nl=
Ji

C T Jai-4
TEITT YT
1 h2 x (2:x)i T T ITYTTI GTTY D
7 TET P 2 x (2 x 2x) = &r gi it 7 IRITI M.A. = V.R - "U)+w(2"-n-1)
P
ra

=
get- 4, 2rgi M.A.= KR 2"-1
sh

T TTI TTAY D T yTT P.2 x 2g AAT EI GT:

(Beam
Mi

U T IT (EM 0) TT TETI

8r +4x +2x+x= 15x

128 N
S=15-2-1 V.R. 2 2'=8
qiP6 T, M.A.
5
V.R.-2-1 0.625-625%
qR THT n R
=I= 100%at M.A. =V.R. =
2"-1
128 48 N
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 215

214 P 3125SN
V.R. I¥= 128 * 8- 640= 384 N
W Px -

IETEOT 17:
PrAT

(UPBTE2005 ari
ATTH(eford
(UPBTE)

= TeT7, n - 90% = 0.9, W= 3000 N

ET:Í
FAAT 7 5TT
V.R. = 2" =2° = 8
b8
f957, I00 *6=4-08
M.A V.R.
n D, Hfr M.A. = n *

qTTA6 TT= =4-08

nx V.R.
W
P
4-08 x P=408 x 280 11424 N
3000
W_ 0.9x8 416.67 N
.. T9TH nxV.R.
s
se
416.67 41.67 N W2"
Py V.R. =

Rar TË TT rat T 800NT A Y EI FT Ri TT 25 N T: 3TT terT ", ao CI

+w(2- n=100
as

3aTETOT 15: fea 7-8

TE H= TO4T TAT TT =8 kN=8000 N
wTTP TTC MO TfAiT STT iI w = frtt 67 HT =20 N
Cl

: 7-8 5 TATR EH E TgUT =F2

T ferAAÍ Ti HT =5-1=4
: MET RA T TT n=1 = 100%
5 = agyT= 2 TTHT n, 90% E TT YT P TT5 VATH , at arratèe5
n =

TA5 4,
Ji

T
W2"
xHTCT
2 q5 iH 100 W+w (2" -1)
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w=ftiN HT =25N
90 8000 x 2
sh

W+w_ 800 + 25 8000

P=F 412-5 N 100 8000+ 20 (2" 1)
TH 2
P -
Mi

C uafaT 3tt TTT = Y4T

=
412-5 N P= 576-4 N
o siART, R 2x t TT7 + GTTET RTI 51 4TR
(UPBTE)

sTrT ferit 7 4TR=25 N

HT , 2 x4125 +25
R=850 N
2000 N W P(2"-1)+w(2"-n-1)
3ETETUT 16: P TA T7 T AAT (system) T 4 Aufi fi af zeaT 80%
(UPBT
P= TATH =0, w=f0tÅ I AT =30 N

n = rui I HET =5
ATTH=P W= w(27-n-1)=30(2-5-1)-T80 N
TTA I25 N T TRT FTT
MUTT = 2 eT 7I FTAT)= 23
=8 6 20. Ai s a aaia AaTT aRT 1000 N 7 7
80
qA5 T= z8T x agYTT=100 x8 =64 10, T
W =
1000 N, P = 125 N, n=T TT =

46T 6T Z = &a,
TA6IT 2000
P 6-4
 216 217
V.R. n = 10 (2"-1) x 600 (2-1) x 1240
1000 (2"-1)x 15 = (2-1)* 31
M.A.p 125 15 x 2" 31 x2 16

n M.A=0.8
V.R.
10
80% 30x2" 2*31 x2-32
(ii) TaT,
30 x 2"-31 x2" = -32
2" 32
n=
(iv) STEET Teita

P'
fr
= n x P
TT,
= 0.8 x 125 = 100 N
n = 5

PyP-P 125 - 100 25 N IW = (2- 1) x 600=31 x 600

= 18,600 N= 18-6 kN

WW 1000
0.8 1250 N s
se
2" x na
W W- W= 1250 1000 250N nL
as

(UPBTE)
Cl
Ji

TE nrHÍ I TET =3, W- TTT TT HTR

7T P= TTT TAT T P
ra

T2 2T1=2P
=600-P 3 272-24P
=
sh

T4 273 2°P
47T 4T 100 N&I STT: FHT ERT FTTTT f4T T4T T TT, W= 100 +600-P=100-
***********************************

23-1700-P 1 21p
Mi

8P 700 W= T1+72+T3t.
P
= P+2P+24P +2°P+...+2P
875 N = P(1+2+24+2+... 2)
= P(2"-1)
T A

N EAT T71, T2, Th

-2
O4-2a, AB- BHT A, B
tt CI EHEi
7.14
W(2-1)P BC...a
W
(2"-1) x 600
Wx* = Ti (20)+ T2(3a)+73(4a)+ ..T (n+ 1)a.
W-(2-1) 1240 P[20)+2P(3a)+2-P(4a)+ +2 P(n+1)a
P(2-1) xr =
+2 (n+1)a.
(2"-1) xx = 1.(2a)+2 (3a)+2 (4a).
 218
219

2(2"-1)x = 2(2a) +2 (3a) +2° (4a)

+... +2" (n+1) a
1. ATD,

- (2"-1)x =2a+ [2a+2 (a)+2° (a) t... +2" ()]-2" (n+1)a

2a+2a[l+2+2+2° +2"t .. +21-2"(n+ 1)a 3
P ATT TT T
2a+2a (2"- 1))-2" (n + 1) a
2a +2" a-2a-2". na-2" a
= -2".na TtD 2D
2"
na (TD-nd) (D-d)
2-1)
V.R.
2D
(D d) (30)
s
se
87ET AT T6TR= THT, n =4, W= 1.8 kN
= 2* - 1 =
= 1800 N, n = 75%= 0.75, 37
T 2R
V.R. 2"-I 15 V.R. 31)
(R-r) Aa
as

M.A. W/P TE D/2 R=ai gt-l I TAT d/2=r=®Et YHI-2 T

V.R. V.R.
Cl

W 1800
n1=100% faa 7-15. àrA aTRAt frii
N
YTt, x v.R. 0-75 x 15 160
Ji

qi5 iT =
2R
JIgYId(R- r) P
180040N
1800
P= P- V.R. =160_
ra

15

7-3.3. aR
sh

ZTHIt faTit (Weston's Differential Pulley)

Mi

2R H EPI, MA. 7 Ja
FHTT R-r H7

=r, T 0, SUTq MA5 A MA.

IEAË PRAT ER gEHHTT R R-r =
GITI

T fRra , W =
2T T T W/2 = 7 aIG

TxR P xR+Txr
T(R )P xR
220
221

T 2P R- 7zern=1=100% t

7-6. 9TET TT FT (Vheel and

A. -
Axle)
2R M.A. VR
33)

1-7, THTt uigT dT T (Differential Whecl and Axle)

s
se
Raft
, aR=d
TET, 7 =D
as

B
Cl

Y1641-A

faaftr
Ji

g-B
ra

fa 7-16-gT aT gT (Wheel and Axle)

yg
sh

D TT T,
d T T,
Mi

T
W=RT
P= FTH

(Differential wheel and aue)

Ta 7-18-aTFIAAÍ TtET TT gT
fa 717 HTT f, ufeT A I aTT =D-2R
3)
a B aMT =d1=2
BTE JR C ATH =
d=22
 222 223

215-14 30
Rd-da
ATT
wt
P GTRI TT TAT T 2D 6000
V.R.
WTT T TT i d Td2) (d -d2)
400 300°5
=
50%

2D 2R 4
V.R.
d- d2 h
2D
zifac TH =
aIg4ie
s
gTETn=60%=06,P=800 N, aR-.
se
d, -
d2
as

4T x aITYT=
15 TTY,
n* R-
Cl

7-8. 3r7 Tsi ar e (Capstan)

Ji

06x 06x8=48
ra

a W=4:8 x P=4-8 x 800 3840 N=3-84 kN

TETOT 27: YE YÍE7 TT g (axle) TH HIGHN 30 TT10 cm EI 97 T EY
sh

Fy
(UPBTE)
Mi

=
r
n 1= 100%

r 10
fa 7-19HET
(UPBTE)
T6TT 25: RE 5Y7 THTTÀT fATt (Weston's differential pulley) 5 T TE SI SU 2x45
I5 cm BTET
JaT T I 14 cm sM 400 N T JeTH 6000 N 4TT JET At 7aiT *i, 2R = 18

&:T R= 15 cm, r = 14 cm, W=6000 N, P = 400 N

2R
100 x 18= 1800 N
W= Px18=
 225
224
HR, W=n xPx =
V.R. 0.75 x 200 x 8.2
1230 N
TH12 31. f aT UE 7T T B7 TT
YT 30 2400 N T TerÀ 150

a 300N 7 STYTT 4200N I CAI T

r 7 3000 N T r Gor7 5 180 N T T UAT YgAT ëI fAT7f 79t7 7

(UPBTE

il 5 R T

16 2
t 5 THr, R 30 cm, r1 = 8 cm, r2 =6 cm
ET:TET V.R. = 30 T
A 282 8-6 -30
W=2400 N 5 f
W= 3000 N 5
P=
P=
150 N
180 N

-
7UT

(11) TET P=300 N, W=4200 N

s 150 ax2400+6 .
se
..)
4200 180ax 3000 +b
300 30 =04667 =46-67%
as

a T b= 30
Cl

Ti5 T=JY= 300

P 2+30
Ji

TE P1 TER STATT
200 N TH ZRT GTAT T AIT T,
4200
ra

3TCT ATYTA,
P130 30 140 N 200 20+30
30

TT T 6 STEzt ferta 4200 N ATT 36M fY P = 140 N rATT TTS7 aa W=3400N

sh

=aTEiTR - TRT sTATT = 300-140

3ATYTT 160 N PyPV.R
Mi

200 N (AMI P-150 30

70N
T 7 TT h T TET HAAT ?
: TEI D= 40 cm, d = 15 x 2 = 30 cm, dh = 10 x 2 20 cm, P = 200 N, n 75%00 3000
80 N
THIT I TA dR = I cm. P 180- 30

D =
D+ dr = 40 + 1 = 41 cm
i) aitas TI, M.A.
P
, d d t dR =,30+ =31 1
cm
T THTT d2
P=150 N aT W= 2400 N à fr
d2 +dR 20+1 =21 cm
2400
M.A. =1c016 T

A
M.A._WITP
VRvR.
 226
227
P= 180 N aT W= 3000 N 25 fY
M.A.
300016.67
180
: UET
R=
212.3 cm, ri
25cm, r -4.5 em, P - 30 N, W=750 N

M.A.
VR=4R2x12.5
V.R. -
-2 5-4:5 S0
ii) a4st,
V.R.
P= 150 N TAT H'= 2400 N 25 f (ii) TT5 TY, M.A. p 1525
300
30
16
n30 0.533 = 53.3% 1.A.
(iii) zerci,
25
P 180 N 7T W= 3000 N f VR500.5 50%

16.67 7-9. faa T (Winch and Crab)

n- 30 = 0.555 = 55.5%

s
se
(UPBTE 2006
as

winches) 76t
7.9.1. Fc6tt aT fHTA t aT a ha (Single Purchase Winch or Crab)
Cl

2x 20
V.K.20-16 10
Ji

M.A. WIP
nV.R. V.R.
ra

250 x 10 = 750 N
=
W=nxPx V.R. 0.3 x
TET&RT 33.
aTÄ EAT S gi gfi TH 8 cm 9 cm 7T y T 40 m
sh

(UPBTE2M T
Mi

C M

D 40 250

W-16 kN=16000 N.
20
2
cm, ri =

45 m, r * 4 cm, P
FH D
M

V.R
V.R. R2x20
45-4 80 N

qTa5 , M.A. =
W16000
P 64 PTN
***

M.A. 64
VRR00.880%
7 2d
ET 10 cm 7 9 cm EI 750 N 7 T JOTÀR
30N T ATTH TAT TAT E Ma 20
228
229
4 Sa TT fa a (Double Purchase
Winch or Crab)

faf 77 7 ziai aieAT = T

M1
2
.M

N
M2

TETE P ZTRT 27 T 2nd

s
se
N
as

V.R.
Cl

3TQYt feuta zaraT 1=100% w

Ji
ra

fa 721 34a T fra aT

sh

Pxl= Fxrj
Mi

F
Pxl

= Px
27

2mP
aai yr ATa F= 37
PT
P= ATE, W=TR T AT

T4 N2 ziai tieT
7
 231

230
27

P P2 39)

Prr Na zT= x4 M
F F *r Fi *rn
N2
5
<TTT Z1,
= MAT N TF57 =
M2 T
T D RR
E P2 *h, 27
7 *pa
s P 2
se
PI2T12
40)
as

4 2
Cl

yaad (worm) T2T ad TET (Worm wheel) T (screw) 3t ad vikar

.
Ji

2T
(worm wheel) 'T6t EI R Y5 ET IST TETE TTT4TRP
(toothed wheel) T fctaT E 7fT
TAxT2
ra
sh

"gi x T3 x71
TP
Mi

7 MT T,
fP1 T
R
R
"

XP1

2T
 232
233
faft7 ZTEM
EI HA= T
(Worm)

2 R

V.R. = ST T
(42)

2tR
s
se
(UPBTE)
as

F 7T 130, Tar 25, I=275 cm

fa 7-22 d TaT Td TgaT H HTT TZTA = (17+ 12)2=9:1 cm
Cl

P GTRT
TT TA zt 2tRT sgim***2 1s7
2Tr
Ji

KR. T E 7 Ari 4T: 8 cm aT 24 cm 1 20 N& TTT# 180 NT T* ET TTÈI ITTA,

ra

E:ET Ti -20, 72 200, r 8 cm, /-24 cm, P 20 N, F 180 N, TT UA

sh

T2,200,24 30
V.R
T20 3
Mi

A7TEf frura ŽA THT,

7=1 = 100%
M.A. 20
030-30
M.A. =VR=
n -V
7-11.
t AT fuAA (Rack and Pinion) P P- V.R
20 14N

V.R.-W 20 30 180 420N

W- Px
SIP
ts (Rack)
qT i aTE = R (UPBTE)

frr 7-23 t fre

234 235

2000 N HK TOT 5 Ii sT7T7 TATH,

72 60, T4 50, l=40 cm, r = 15 cm, n 70%= 0.70,p=2 cm, W=500M

Ti 20, 73 =25,
L,7xT
P x
80
2000+5 30N

V.R. xThxT37.5x 90x85

qTTYT,
40 50 X 60 TxTxT 6.25x20x25
gT 15 25 x 20 l6
200
n 70%=0:7 W 2000 N 5 TT a I4, M.A. =
30 3
M.A. 200/3
v.R. 91.8
= 0.726 72.6%
W
5000 44643 N 80
P x TT 0.7 x 16
ax V.R. 9180.87l =87.1%
s
se
i) TEi p1 =P2 =p=2cm
(UPBTE)
as

Pi2T 446.43x40 x 2Tt = 2805 N

F xp 20x 2
RX
r
Cl

Ts R 200 mm, r=50 mm ET T=20

200
= Pi2nx T,446-43x 40x 2Tx 606732 N 200
80 mm
Ji

TxTxp 20x 25x 2 50

HT, n=1= 100%

ra

37 HT aTT = 12.5 cm
TH E af= 37.5 cm 20
sh

ff7 iai HAT y = 20 25 20x 100 -250

fas 7-33
HIR kN N
80 80
Mi

a ant 1200 N 7 *TT TETA& 20 N T7 1600 N T GET 25 N FT R

: TEr =
6.25 cm, I = 37.5 cm, =
TH ea aTH
=
20 cm
20, T3 =25, Th =90, 7485 T37 =
10 cm
2T
HiT 794-P= aW + bH ATT TA T T= 40%
P 20 NaAT W= 1200 N 5 fAT, 20 a x 1200+b 7 gaTa 7T 300 N 4TT
JOTÀ AA T
P 25 NaAT W= 1600N 7, 25= ax 1600+b cm, cm, n-40% 0.40
E T=50, R== 10 r=
2

a2030 b=5 VR 100

3T:TT AT,
 236 237

M.A. WIP HTT

=RT T fT p
7 V.R. V.R.

W 300 7.5 N SHTHTT

P ART TT TT
nx V.R. 0.4x100

TaTETT 41 : YAT ZEi T (single threaded worm) 57 35T HTA H5E 7A E r

(UPBTE
.(43)
qre zHai, n =l=t009%aT
T 45 R5 TTAT EI 27R
HIGY q 9T64T 3 TF67 TTT AT Y7 3 x 45= 135 qAN TMT I|

r
s
se
12. cm 8
cm & 97 S7 T GTa TTI 1600 N i T20N
(UPBTE2002
as

R=12.5 cm, cm, P =20 N, W= 1600N

E7T T=60, -625
Cl

V.R. =
.12.5x60 120
6.25 tan and
Ji

M.AWIP
v.R. v.R.
ra

1600/20 7.26
sh

-= 0.667= 66.7% P cos a Wsin a t HR

120
zrapar, R= Wcos a+P sin a
Ta
Mi

7-12. 3reTYEH T (Screw jack) R

W sin a P
P Cos a Wsin a + tan a (W cos atP sin a pR
W Sin tan 2. wS pSln d W
(L -R- P cos a)
cos a COSa fa
(1) FR-5 (Simple screw jack) 7.27
(2) ATHI-Ti P' W tan a + Wtan + P
T6 (Differential screw jack)
tan a tan
a
7.12.1. FRT T(Simple Screw Jack)
W (tan a + tan A)- ¥ tan (a+)
P =
1-tan a tan A

Ta7 725-HTT FE
 238
239

PxR - Prg PA-PB

H'd tana + lan

P
2R1- tana tan)
FR 7 ET 7T 4TH,
V.R.(A-Ps)
g tan a TP tan 0 = 4, 3HTTI
ATaf ftaf ZI, n=1=100%
+
"a,ad
P 2R
p= 2R
1 zd

2Rd-PH s
se
as

P W tan a T: BÍ W= 2.5 = 2500 kg. P = 30 kg. R= 50 cm, p 10 mm= 1 cm

W
tan a 2 R2x3.14x50314
Cl

V.R
1, W
tan (a +.)

2500-83.3
Ji

tana M.A. :
30
tan(a +.) M.A.
ra

nv.R.
sh

83 0.265 26.57e
n
7.12.2. 3ATHITt F (Differential Screw Jack) 314
Mi

6000 N T T JOT (UPBTE)

:TEÍ R- 120 cm, p=0-6 cm,E TË 7 T=

21X1 - 4001
0-6

R
R TE
PA A ra = nx Jurgya
2
TT 7-28 zATATTA FE
(Differential screw jaci)
 240
241
IW 6000
P
nx aTJYIT Ix 400t atf 48 cm & 1 HETAM A 5000 N
0 mm 7T 8 mmi a zafta
aT 30%*
n = 10 mm= 1 cm, Pp8 mm=0.8 cm, = 5T #*
n 30%=0.3, R= 48 cm, W=5000N
az7AT 50% a 50 AN ATT vOT rr AaT STRT ŠITR5 IT (UPBTE) M. WIP
:TE W= = 50,000 N, P= TArT, n =0:5 =an5 KTT V.R. 27 R/(PA-PB)
27TR
= 27xo = 200 W (PA-Pa)2
p 0-8
27t RP

WPA-PB)
. T, P
2T Rn
50000
3HTATH,
P
nx auTyI 0-5x200T 159.1 N S000x(1-0.8)-
2x3.14x48x0.3 11.06 N
318TUT 46: 1000 N z T 776 50 kN aT7 51 GerA 5T Y 5 Bgisa
s (Diferentiat serew jack) m 2 zri 77 stè T
se
sagTUT 49: 7 7ET 7 is
as

(UPBTE)
(UPBTE)
, 3TT:7 IV-50 kN 50000 N, P= 1000 N. 3ifss fea rà ad 40% 9TT ts zat
27R
Cl

AT, n=40% =0-4

(PA PB)
21R
,45 T=n x TIgYTT
100
Ji

2
50 cm
Wxp
4T 5 TIS, K Pxnx 27
ra

PA GTRIT
cm cm gui z6i FEAT
PI T n=0:4
sh

S0000 x 1 = 0:5 cm
*1000x0.4 x 2T199 cm
Mi

TET6RT 47. PT ZT (square threaded) aTd isT 7 aH 10 cm &i

PB3T I 3TTT = 025 cm
80 cm ti A T ER 7 TT 7 1000 N T TET F 2T x 50
TT6 d= 10 cm, ju = 0.04, p= 10 mm = 1
cm, R = 80 cm, W= 1000 N aIgY 0.5-0-255 400

tan a P 50
1
2d nxl0 0.0318
qifa D x 400n=753.0
100

ATT = 2407
Wdtana+ tanA qR5
P P
2R1-tanatan W 240m x 400 N

1000x10 0.0318+0,04
2x801-0,0318x0.044.49 N
 242

243
W. TETET 52. B AB, GA
qA = =TTYT = 4007
P if
Ar ff-7.29 ftarm m*1
3TCT TaTa, 240T 2401 X 400 240 N
P400n 4007
(UPBTE)
T+T= W
TT FHT 7ATH = P-Pi =400-240 160 N

(UPBTE 200
ET: T6i p = 8 mm = 0.8 cm, R = 30 cm, n = 45% = 0.45, W= 8.8 kN 8800 N
,
=

V.R. =
27 2x3.14x30 ATT ATT T 2MA=0,
= 235.5
P 0.8
s TxI-Pxx = 0
M.A. WIP
se
faa 7-29
V.R. V.R.
as

TATE, P
8800
x V.R. 0.45x 235.5 83.04 N 2
Cl

(UPBTE 2013)
Ji

V.R. 7: 6 W= 1000 N, P-25 N, y=8m=8000 mm, x=100 mm

27t R 2x3.14x30 , =-
1000
ra

V.R.
0,8 cm = 0.8 x 10 m T5 M.A. 40
235.5 25
sh

Zz0000
8800 x 0.8 x 102 = 70.4 J V.R. 100 80
TTETT 51.
R T5 i 7 6 mm ar T 28 cm
Mi

af 7a M.A 40
R. 80 0.5
n 50%
outpu) EodT EIT?.
(UPBTE200
ET:T6 p=6 mm= 0.6 cm, R = 28 cm, n = 42%= 0.42, HTTT (SUMMARY)
W= 9500DN
JVTRT AT (available
V.R.
2Tt R
2x3.14x28 (Machine)-i 7zfa E Z{ (device) &
t at ET E energ)
P 0.6 =293.

M.A._WIP 2
V.R. V.R.

TQTT, W 9500
P
nx V.R. 0.42x293.06 77.18 N

TT rA = W xp= 9500 x 0.6 x 102 = 57 J

 245
244

(Load) (W): FiT aRT JOI7 TT H IH

HENTT EI Frof 7 *W=PxV.R.-
(ai) ai 7TT {1MA):
(iy zniac TH (Mechanical advantage) 4. TT T f97 SUaT 7 T7H (Law of machine

MA
P
P-aW+6 TET a TT b = RrTs
iv) a7 3HTYTA a7 TmgUTa (Velocity ratio) (VR):
ATM.Amax =
Hfereoa
T5
VR=

Imax a x V.R.**

s
se
as

c tTH (mechanical disadvantage):

7T TT DAÍ = Wxx = [TT 7 3Y7E Gil (outpu)
Cl

(vi)ca (Ejicienc
ye T:rtar tmu cracker), ir zron ar lever sofery vafve), i, kia ars a a
Output (crowbar)
Ji

Input 7. ferai (Pulleys)

4T 5 7 Wxx WIP
ra

Pxy y/x |
sh

MA 7 x VR
Mi

(vii) 3TEt aT aTkaf5 HYTT (ideal and actual machine)

7 yo-T (pulley block) TEIT ÈI

yTT-) PTT fT=t Gixed pulley), (i) EM RTt (movable pulley)I

stfafbat, R P+ W+ w

rw =
0 7T P= W, Ts
TAIEOT,
R 2
 246 4917
247

R W 2+2 cos 9)

P T TT9
VR W T fEAT
=
LILILIlLIL ULLLLILULL
T 100% = 1,

MA 1
xI =1|
(i) fr (movable pulley)

M- -2 s
se
P 5T fARATTA
VR
as

9. feaT AaT (System of puleys)

Cl

1. ge7 Ara, 2. 2cia AHT TT 3. ia AarTI

TT
10. farfai T TUH AAT (First system) [fRT 730
Ji

W
ra

(a)
faz 7-31 fata frar
sh

VR 2"

W+w(2-)|
VR-
Mi

" 2
74 n= 1O0%
W-2"
777T75 T,MA =

W+w (2-1)] P
n=
C

100% = 1, TT w =0, 100% = 1

7=
MA-VR-2
|MA
W+)
w 0,
11. ferfat a ia f77 (Second system)
f MA = VR=n
fea 7:31]
12. TertfTT 7 TAtT ATT (Thirdsystem) [fas 7-32) W
(Beam)

fas 732-7diu freru

248 249

PR
-100% fAg
MA
PO-w(-n-D|
MA-VR
f, n= J00%- 1, T

15 ZTHIAi ufraT FT U (Diferential wheel and axte)

7-0, 7r MA-IR-- s
se
13. &ea t araai for=t (Weston's DiJerential Pullcg)
as
Cl

VR-
Ji

100% TT
7-
ra

aif AT, MA VRn n -

sh

2 16. aT aTi 3rUaT hYRT (Capstan)

V*
(D- D;)
Mi

VR 2R
(R-
Tn-100% 1, 7

R (R-*F|
I. fra aT ËT (Winch & Crab)
Worm Wheel)
2. a FrT qf efear (Worm andPinion)
(Rack and
3. 5AT FfqT
14. fET aT gT (Wheel and axle)
250
251

zigtt (Double purchase) Tau qT a faz 7-141

(Single purchasc) faa a7 |fa7 733/

19.E

t
s 7 M4-VR
se
PTT N T ZTai HEN,
T T 77 TN = FT: FA7 M TUT
T
as

PI2
Cl

100%
TX P
Z77 7=
Ji

M
ra

1
M

Pxlx 27
sh

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 252 253
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 254
255

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35T
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C(UPBTE) (UPBTE)
RT TT T? (UPBTE)
6. UTH YT STYTA TT TS
(UPBTE 2000)
(UPBTE 2005)
(UPBTE 2002,09)
(i) TgyTT (UPBTE 2009)
s (UPBTE 2006, 07, 09)
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26. viar aT gT (wheel and axle)fa (UPBTE 200
FGT761T R FTATTI (UPBTE)

(UPBTE 2002, 1B)

 256 257
E400
N 7 900 N T t Gerui MT EI YTE
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N T TUT 4000
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65

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FHfta TH fyu3T Tora

84.
(Centre of Gravity of Symmetrical Solid Bodies)
To G
8
8-1. urar (lntroduction)
(CENTRE OF
GRAV 7
8-2
81 T
T
(Cylinder)

(Sphere)
nPh

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84
82. Tor (Centre of Gravity)
Right s circular cone)
se
as
Cl
Ji

h/2
ra

8-3. utte (Centroid) T 82-teT (Sphere)

sh

faT 8-1-A (Cylinder)

Mi

*******

3r/8
G
****

Centre of Gravity TT Centroid 4

4E-it fArug
4T T ET T (centre of gravit) *K

8.3-itaT (Hemisphere)

8-5. (Right Circular Solid Cone)

Tora TA TT
(Determination of Centre of Gravity)
260 261

8-6.
86 (Centroid of Regular Plane Figures)
2. 3frafir E EI JOTT ('G' oflregular plate)-a
THrTd (Lamipa) 77 (Area)

faz 8-8 frym (trianglc) bh

8:9 SITYAT (rectangle) bh
(a) 7
fa 8.5
far8:10 (circle)

fe 8:11 7ekg (semicircle)

3. fPafa e I Jor *7 (G' of regular plate)-7
8-7H MuA 3TT 67 T s
se
4r
faa 8-12
3T 3T
(quadrant circle)
as

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97 9n
(three quadrant circle)
Ji

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sh
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 263
262

Determination of Centre of Gravity by Moment Method)

*************** ************G

a7 8-11-3tg (Semicircle)
fa7 8-10-7T (Cirele) s
se
(a+a2 +a3)x
as
Cl

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Ji

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ra

fa7 8-12--TATT (One

sh

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fu 8-15 RH&16
Mi

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..(1)

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2a
(a+b)
+a2 *a3

a2 b+ab .2)
3(a+b

faa 8:14-tHFIRA
T (Trapezium)
 264 265

8-8. Tora /aR TUAT

(Calculation of Centre of Gravity/Centroid)
I. rganb (Semicircular wire)-Ra 8'18 g7 Ftgarhtt ar kaTNT TATI

E(PV) m M
s
se
2(Pi)yi_2my
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as

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Mg W
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sh

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-ve 77 T TATEI A7 &17 ITY TY MTATATT TACT
Mi

180°
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x =0
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266
Jor 267
2. ugaT (Semicircular lamina)-P

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s
se
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Ji

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ra

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bh-)
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 269
268

y.
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dy

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270 271

120 mm

20 mm

Web
mm

L-Te Tt i STA (1) ABCH T (2) HDEF fHiT 7 T mm

B
= (120-10) = 1100 mms
(1) S747 ABCH: A¥hT, a1 10
x
s
se
y-H T ZT, x1 = S mm 20 mm
as

200 mm
- t0120-10 65mm 120 mm
fa7 8.26-1-section
Cl

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y-TH À, *2 = 20 mm
Ji

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mm 120 x 20 2400 20+160+=190 456000
40 2
ra

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+ a2
2 20x 160-3200 20 100 320000
sh

1100x5+400x20
=9 mm
1100+400 200 x 20= 4000 210 40000
Mi

3.

y ay816000
A=2a=9600
a+a2
1100x65+400x5
49 mm
1100+400 8160085 mm
9600
UGIERT 2

RaI T FAI EI TTA

at2
a aT AT4T (1) ABCI AT (2) HDEFfaHa
272 273

40 m 8:28H MY "Y Z26IC *5t i ra OABJ (1), CDIJ (2) TAT DEFH (3) Ä
f4AT 7 fru
10 mm ****"*:**

D OA y-T ar
a (cm) (Cm) (cm) (cm) (em)
15 x 4 60 7:5 450 120
2x 1632 2 32 384
cO 8x3=24 -2 21-5 -48 516
A Ea= 116 ax= 434 Eay 1020

a434
s 116375 e
10 m
se
y = = =879 em
A 8.27-1-section A 116
as

(10x80)x 40+(40x10)x85
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(10x80)+(40x10)
Cl

(Hemisphere)

rs
Ji

8 cm- af 80 mm&at ow *rT (composte body)

1 Jo
3 em
ra

'****
sh

G (Cylinder)
Mi

dT(cylinder)
Tx 20 x 80
mm
32000
x-3TT RT
c.g. zt, yi = 40 mm
wTT (hemisphere) -40 mm

fT 829
mm
m 5333.3
2

15 cm
-7Cg, zt, n= 40+-40+-47-Smm
f 8.28-ZSection
c.g t2
 275
274

32000Tx 40+5333-3Tx47.5 41-07 mm

32000 T+5333-3t
*my mt m2
21 cm G7s T 8 cm ai 6/ ga oru 1G HHI7 Er
TaTERT 6-ZNtY TY R7 &30 3TAT 787rx5+80 5 x1525
787r+80-5nr
R - 10-20 cm

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THAT V1 = ar*hj= 10

a
- 5cm 1. Ffadear
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se
=7trá cm
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as

--53-125 e
***************
Cl

cm
n h+=10+=15-25 4 hio.cm (Cylinder)-TYA
2. 7 16 cm
V2 x 16 16T cm
Ji

8 cm - 5+13
cm

+
ra

faa 830 3. 7F (Cone)-3T47,

10nx5+7 x152-9.22cmn
sh

cm
y
10nr+72 -x12=4t far 6-31
Mi

3 5+16+24 cm

10rx 7-8 78ng

+n+hy
+h+s
cm
3-125+16x13+ 4 x24

7nrx 115-80Snrg +162+42

n 1525 cm
x5x3-125+16x13+4x24
- 13-47 cm
x5+16+4
 211
276

3TTT AB cg. t y

12)2

30x1 86-14 13x1-27-= 2:38 cmm

mm 30-14-13
(+)
3200
320,
4r4x80 A797T TT 12 cm A7 TME T KTRT 4 cm ®1 8iF -7
i3 3n 3

-
-80 mm
160 mm-
U7 ABCD
f7 834 ztT TATI TAE
5 Hole
fH 8:32
arx40=s00t mms s C
se
mm
as

h- 14 cm
Cl

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-2 fux 8-34
Ji

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3200t-800T
39-6 mm 1.
9 AED-3TTT-T,
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xnx6x (28+14) =504n cm (+)

sh

ta
105h
28+1 = 10-5 cm
cm
Mi

cm
x14 =18.7m cm'(-)
2. BEC-HTYAA,
hnx2
a(e+)- 6+9)x-30cmt
********** I*************
2831-Scm
fa 833
3. fB-TEA, Vs
rh nxl* x28=287 cm'(-)
(2a+b),h2x6+),=1-86 cm
l y(a+b) 3 (6+9) 3 em
14
2. 37gAVT, a2
14-13 en? ()
n-h-hy
=
4r4x3
37T
=1.27 cm -2-
3xT
 279
278
504mx10-5-18.77x31-5-287Tx14 TTT (SUMMARY)

504T-18-7T-28T
cm
94

cm
cm
-2

s
se
as

y
2
Cl

-8 cm

fa 8.35
Ji

FHTT (2) g aai srara - ve I HT OA x-3H ET OB y- RT E GA O TH(EXERCISE)

ra

ay
sh

(cm) (cm) (cm) (cm) (cm

Mi

T (1)
hd2-49 2 2-67 ()
8 4. ufte (centroid) sITY FI FHd 8?

GTT (2 Ib 8 x4-32 (+) 128 (+) 64 (+) HTATR RIG (right cireular cone) cg. t kia zansgi
6. EFT (cylinder), rtitrT (hemisphere) aaT T
fox (3 n- (0-2) = 0-125 (-) 0-5 0-375 () 7. tit qe-HHT7 (uniform) B JOT TY fb *AT ST t?

rtga (4) 157(-) 8 3T

7-57
2 11-88) 3:14 ( 9.
3Tt fea (moment method) aTRT Atit aTaT 1 YfKST atbAT FHSHTSYI

A
a 26-305
2 ax= 112.95 Eay5448

4T:b, a112-95
2A26-305429 em
(a) 1yrear F4TT (riangular lamina)
2ay- 54-48 (b) arr 7a TAT AG (solid right circular cone)
A26-305 2-05 em
 280
281
(C) aT JTTY T (hollow right circular cone)
d) TnT (hemisphere)
(TT*= 1-3 m;y
=
1-25m)
() ata derT (solid cylinder) 17. fa g39 zaY TY TE TE TT 6AYI
14. f7 8:36 TnTtt Tat FaT (lamina) 1 YfRb- T T I
TT:X=2-82 cm, y=1:58cm

3Cm
m
cm .5
.
1 cm

Iem Cin
s 3
se
fa 8.39

fA 836 18.
8-40 ertg TY FHGT ToFT TT 75T{ I
as

15. 7 837 H TAY T FATT (lamina) T

JoT ITd EITI | R:X=7.57 mm; y=11-02mm
Cl

mm
Ji

10 mm
ra

12 mm
840
2 mm
sh

TRt:=0,y=14-25 cm)
4mmx
-16 mm
Mi

fa 8.37
16. fa 8-38 zatg TY FATT (lamina) c.g. 3A 6cm
6II T:=15-3 cm; y=30 cm)

40 cm

8.38 **************************X

fax 8:41
 311

1. HTA 7 TTN Z6 (simple or roller support)

2. 7R fA 25 (hinged or pin support)
qRITE (Appendix) 3. 31T77 6 (fixed or built-in support)

I. T (Bcam)

377 (longitudinal axis) TEA VI BE

TNEN ET (cross-sections) TA ETi 378 51 F

s
se
(a) D)
as

fx 2-(a, h)
Cl

T
Ji
ra

afetf
sh

(o) b)
far 3-(a, b
Mi

75 t-UT (horizontal beam) T7 T 7H aIE TA-UTT (inclined beam)

78Ti iI

1.1. 77 zh (Supports)
GTai Ti
.DUITY faRTYT (angular displacement) 7 fariy 7i

3TET3
 313

312

3. 3Ta6(Fixed support)-
, UTT TI FT I
ZTATT 37fe 7 MSG5 AIT 51 dI 8, AA3 (6) 1.3. TTT T Tair (Span of a beam)

(37) YT frT (Clear span)-f 5

TEr ztari q7 frtza
fa s
1.2. 97 yATT (Types of Beams)

1.4. crT HT TUT&i ur yfaftraTd (Reactions)

s a-
W
se
1.
TErTa TT (Simply supported beam)-7 6
374R/ viea
as

Bal
Cl

(d)
()
2F= 0 TT EM = 0 H TI
fa 4
Ji

¥TN B1 TA 1 z 5 TI THE
1.
IGI T HT TTT(Simply of Freely supported beam)-H
F- 0-RA-W+Rg =0
ra

TAR 51 7
fHTT fEEi ziarR 3f H T (fixed) Eill RA +Rg =
2. chiriar TT(Cantilevér beam)-H 5

,
sh

T fa 4 (a)7HTRI
3. 3TaGUT(Fixed, built-in or encastre beam)-IH HHR 51 TA (beam) zT fT fi Ztar
Mi

EM 0 RA x0-IWxaxRg xi=0
Rg
(0)R HT TaÀ 7, R^ =W-R W-*
TET fT S 7 i ri u zua arg
frt ari (both sides equal overhanging beanm)
H TOTT TÀ TT sfrdeA fasq13i (resistive actions) R4 R
T
Id d
1 STIT R

frari ua (one side overhanging beam) 6 TET faTT (external actions) *8d I
I KE HAT A fAr
fe e ,
5, 3r6T4TT
fA
T Had aTA (Continuous beam)-H
4 (d) TITI
7AK T 71 1 Iëres FtT zah (supports) 2. hiTaTaTT (Cantilever beam)-faa 7 R
Imo T F40-7
 315

314
RA COs a-W3 cos
2H= 0, 6 =0
EF 0, RA cosu= W3 cos
R-=0 2V= 0, RA Sin a+Rp
-i-W2-W3 sin 6= 0
374 EM= 0
, Rp

T EM= 04,
A
RA sin a+ Rg =

i 1 TM,
W1 +W2 +W3 sin 8

Wxl+Rg x0 -Wxl M=Rg Xl-W cos 8x0-W3 sin 8 xc-W2 xb-jxa=0

Rg Xl=Wg sin x e+W2 xb+ Wj xa iti)

Mp-Wx (anticlockwise) EitI

HEfTT (clockwise)
&TT: MB i fem aHred
F Wxi sATi B
s T turet erTHA TAT B r aNAATT RA TAT R TIM
5idi (UPBTE)
se
saTgUT 1: fer 9
as

1.5. ETTT UT YafEhATT (Reactions At Beam) 37 V=0, RA +Rg-60-80-90=0

Cl

RA+Rg 230

(graphical method) 60kN 80 kKN 90 kN

faf
Ji

W sin
-2m
ra

RAL
1 m1m*2
fax 9
sh

3
Mi

R RAX0-60x1-80x2-90x4+Rg X6=0

RA Cos a f (i) , Rg 96.7 kN

RA230-Rg = 230-967 133.3
kN

RA Sin a

GETA44 Rg cos a T41 Ra sin a I

f5R 400Nfq aT z HAT : 400cos 60 TT 400

far 8 sin60°

ZH 0, Rg cosa-400 cos 60= 0

Rg cos a= 400x= 200

TTi sfafrT ffr 4444 R cos a TT R sin a a+RA-500-400 sin 60=0
EV=0, Rg sin
a866
sin a+ RA = 500+400x
Rg
= 8464
Rg sin a+R4
316 317
500 kN 400 kN

RaCOs T B 60 fs 2V=0à,

-2
-3m
m IMA = 0 , A qpi
R4+Rg1o/3+103=20/3
da à,
Rp X10-10/5x6+ 10/5x

frz 10 Rg90
Ft (), RA +9/ 205
ZAf = Rg CoS aX0-Rg sin aX0-500x 2 R20/3-9= 11/3kN
-400 (sin 60)x3E400 (cos 60)x 0+ RA X6=0
RA X6= 1000+ 103102 strti kN sFi f ARAT: 0.5 m, 1 m 3t 1.75 m gtuiraifias faiA ztr r
se
RA 3310.87 N (UP BTE 2002)
q4 (i) R A TU T,
as

1
kN 2 kN
Rg sin a= 8464-3310a87

, Rg sin a= 50653 iv)

Cl

37 f, 0.5 m
37a () aT (iv) 1.0 m 1
aj? +(Rg cos a?1= ys0a.53)2 +(200)] SV=0, RA +Rg =1+2+l= 4kN
R iR sin
Ra
.75 mm
Ji

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1{1-25)**a
= FAYD r(e-S) - 2(1) -
f tan a= 2 5326
RAX0-1x05-2x1-Ix175+ Rg x2=0
ra

Rg cos a 200,
Rg =2.125 kN P 232sIN A_
a= 6845° .973 W 42-125
sh

TATT () 3, RA = 4-2.215= 1.875 kN 3TT Ra

(UPBTE)
JETSTUT 5:
T 6m
TS I ETO UTTI KN, 7 KN 3tT 10 kN
tT TFEITTri
Mi

20 kN
103 kN 103 kN (UP BTE 2002)

60
7 kN 10 kN
-3m -3m -4m -3 m--3m
HA
-4 m- 3 kN
fae -20
(a)
-1m
fa7 11 m
RA 6 m
fas 12
R, 20 cos 60= 10kN()
D, 20 cos 60= 10kN(-)
V=0, R + Rp = 3+7+10= 20kN
z ara, c am D 7, 20 sin 6= 10/3kN
M F0, RA X0-3x1-7x4-10x6 +Rs X6=0
318

Ht (i) , Rp 15.17 kN
R = 20-15.17=ur4.83
ufaferuT FTa iTTTI
kN
(UPBTE)
TTTUT 6: faa 13 furi T aTaGTAT fet
50 kN 40 KN 50kN
45D m
-2 m-2m 5
-8.5 m-
ferx 13

= 40cos 45= 40x07071

28284 kN(+)
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TT fa1,
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A T RAH 28.284kN (+)

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fis 2MA = 04, Rp X85= 50x2f28284x4+50x7= 563.136

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Rg 66.25
(i) à, RA 128284-6625= 62.034 kN

RAH 28284 kN (+
RAy = 62.034 kN(1)

RA=R +R)= (282842 +62.0342)

RA 6817kN

tana AV_52.034 2.193

RA 28284
65.49
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