Bridge Course for Engineering Mechanics

Engr. John Ferry V. Dela Cruz, RMP

ENGINEERING MECHANICS
This is defined as the science which considers the effects of forces on rigid
bodies.

F1 1 magnitude
FORCE 2 direction
3 position
1 no deformation
RIGID 2 external effects
3 static or dynamic
BODY
1 with deformation
F2 NON-RIGID 2 internal effects
3 stress & deformation
AXIOM OF MECHANICS

1 Action and reaction forces are R

equal but oppositely directed. P Q
Q Q P
Q P
2 The parallelogram law which Q P P
states that the resultant of two
forces is the diagonal of the Q W P
W
parallelogram formed on the
vectors of these forces. Then, Q P
W
analyze using triangle law.
• sine law • trigo functions W
(if right triangle)
• cosine law
PROBLEM NO. 1 1 x and y components
Resolve the 500-N force into: y

y
y’ Fx
500 N
Fy Fy
20º 500 N 30º
x
Fx
30º
x
30º Fx = 500cos30° = 433.01 N

Fy = 500 sin30° = 250.00 N

x’
PROBLEM NO. 1 2 x and y’ components

Resolve the 500-N force into: y’

20º
y Fx
y’
Fy’ 500 N 80º Fy’
20º 500 N 70º 30º 70º
x
Fx
30º
x By sine law: sin70° sin80° sin30°
30º = =
500 Fx Fy’

x’ Fx = 524.01 N Fy’ = 266.04 N

PROBLEM NO. 2
The 300-lb force is to be resolved into components along lines a-a’ and b-b’.
By sine law:
Fa-a’
120º-α 300 lb sin60° sin(120°-α)
Fb-b’ =
Fb-b’ 300 240
Fb-b’
60º α
α = 76.15º
Fa-a’ = 240 lb
Fa-a’
2 What is the corresponding value
of the component along b-b’?
By cosine law:
1 Determine the angle α knowing (Fb-b’)2 = 3002 + 2402 - 2 (300) (240)
that the component along line cos76.15º
a-a’ is 240-lb. Fb-b’ = 336.35 lb
PROBLEM NO. 3
The magnitudes of the three forces applied to the eye bolt shown are T1 =
550 N, T2 = 200 N, and T3 = 750 N. Replace these forces with a single
equivalent force R.
Rx = - 550 cos60° + 750 cos40°
R = 1,196.50 N
1,158.41 N Rx = 299.53 N
= 200 N
550 N = Ry = + 550sin60° + 200 + 750 sin40°
= 750 N Ry = 1,158.40 N

75.50º R = Rx2 + Ry2 = (299.53)2 + (1,158.40)2

R = 1,196.50 N
299.53 N
Ry 1158.40
tan θ = = θ = 75.50°
Rx 299.53
PROBLEM NO. 3
The magnitudes of the three forces applied to the eye bolt shown are T1 =
550 N, T2 = 200 N, and T3 = 750 N. Replace these forces with a single
equivalent force R.
Alternate solution:
Mode CMPLX
= 200 N
550 N = R = 550 ∠ 120 + 200 ∠ 90 + 750 ∠ 40
= 750 N R = 299.53 + 1158.40i
Rx Ry
Convert to r∠θ:
299.53 N
R = 1,196.50 ∠ 75.50
R θ
PROBLEM NO. 4
Determine P and θ so that the three forces shown are equivalent to the
single force R = 85i + 20j kN.
Ry = + P sinθ - 40 sin60° = 20
Psinθ = 20 + 40sin60º eq. 2
Combining eq. 1 and eq. 2
R = 85i + 20j
Psinθ 20 + 40sin60º
Rx Ry = = tanθ
Pcosθ 95
θ = 29.91°

Rx = + P cosθ + 40 cos60° - 30 = 85 Substituting to eq. 1:

Pcosθ = 85 + 30 - 40cos60º Pcos29.91º = 95
Pcosθ = 95 eq. 1 P = 109.59 kN
PROBLEM NO. 4
Determine P and θ so that the three forces shown are equivalent to the
single force R = 85i + 20j kN.
Ry 20
tan θ = = θ = 13.24°
Rx 85

Mode CMPLX
R = 85i + 20j
Rx 87.32 ∠ 13.24 = P∠ θ + 30∠ 180 + 40 ∠ 300
Ry
P∠θ = 95 + 54.64i
Convert to r∠θ:
P∠θ = 109.59 ∠ 29.91
R = Rx +
2 Ry2 = (85)2 + (20)2
P θ
R = 87.32 kN
AXIOM OF MECHANICS

3 The two forces are in R=W+

equilibrium only when equal in P Q
Q Q P
magnitude, opposite in Q P
Q P P
direction, and collinear in
action. Q W= R - P
W
Equilibrium Forces

a static or at rest Q P
b SF = 0
W

c If dynamic, acceleration is zero.

(SF = ma) W
THE FREE BODY DIAGRAM
This is defined as an isolated view of f
R R R N
a body which shows only the
F F
external forces exerted on the body.

f f

N N

Rx
f
R Ry N

Rx
M
R R
y
PROBLEM NO. 5
Determine the magnitude T of the tension in the supporting cable and the
magnitude of the force on the pin at A for the jib crane shown. The beam AB
is a standard 0.5-m I-beam with a mass of 95 kg per meter of length.

T Tsin25º ∑MA = 0] 4.66(2.5 - 0.12)+10(5 -1.5-0.12)

- Tsin25º (5 -0.12) - Tcos25º(0.25) = 0
Tcos25º T = 19.61 kN
Ax
∑FH = 0] Ax - 19.61cos25º = 0 Ax = 17.77 kN
∑FV = 0] Ay - 4.66 -10 + 19.61 sin25º = 0
Ay W
Ay = 6.37 kN
W = 95 (9.81)(5) = 4,659.75 N RA = Ax2 + Ay2 = (17.77)2 + (6.37)2 = 18.88 kN
W » 4.66 kN
PROBLEM NO. 6
A bin holds three cylinders as shown. Each cylinder weighs 800 N and has a
diameter of 600 mm. The width of the bin is 1.2 m. Neglect friction.

1 Determine the reaction at A.

800 N ΣFH = 0]
RA cos60º - RB cos60º = 0
r 60º r RA = RB
r r ΣFV = 0]
60º 60º
60º 60º RA sin60º + RB sin60º - 800 = 0
r r RA RB
2RA sin60º - 800 = 0
RA = 461.88 N
PROBLEM NO. 6
A bin holds three cylinders as shown. Each cylinder weighs 800 N and has a
diameter of 600 mm. The width of the bin is 1.2 m. Neglect friction.

2 Determine the reaction at the wall at

point D.
800 N RA
r 60º r ΣFH = 0]

0 RD - RA cos60º = 0
r r RD RC
60º 60º RD - 461.88 cos60º= 0
r r RD = 230.94 N

RF
PROBLEM NO. 6
A bin holds three cylinders as shown. Each cylinder weighs 800 N and has a
diameter of 600 mm. The width of the bin is 1.2 m. Neglect friction.

3 Determine the reaction at the surface

at point G.
RB 800 N ΣFV = 0]
r 60º r RG - RB sin60º - 800 = 0
0 RG - 461.88 cos60º
r r RC RE
60º 60º - 800 = 0
r r RG = 1200 N

RG
THANK YOU EVERYONE!