The Tabernacle in the Wilderness

by John Ritchie (1853-1930)

John Ritchie was converted to Christ on 2nd April 1871 while attending gospel meetings held
by Donald Munro in the town of Inverurie, Aberdeenshire. He became a mighty gospel
preacher, Bible teacher and eventually editor of the Believer’s Magazine and owner of the
publishing business still known to this day as John Ritchie Ltd. Three of his books From Egypt
to Canaan, The Tabernacle in the Wilderness and The Feasts of Jehovah, though only 100
pages or so each, will open your eyes to many precious Biblical truths. Below is The
Tabernacle in the Wilderness.

Preface

The following pages contain “Notes” of a series of addresses on the types of the Tabernacle
in the Wilderness.

They were originally spoken to audiences chiefly composed of young believers, at the close
of a summer’s Tent work in Glasgow, and shorthand notes were taken by a hearer. This
accounts for their blunt and oral style.

They are rather suggestive than exhaustive. The needs and capacities of the hearers had to
be considered, and consequently truths connected with the Gospel: the believer’s
acceptance: the early stages of Christian life and walk in the church and in the world were
chiefly dwelt upon.
Brethren of more mature years, and understanding of the Holy Scriptures, have written fully
and particularly on the many parts of this important subject, and the reader may, if he
desire, find much to help him there.

To the Lord Jesus, the great shepherd of the sheep, who leadeth His flock to the “pastures
of tender grass”, and beside “the waters of rest”, I commit this little book, with the earnest
wish, that He may make its simple words concerning Himself, His cross, His perfect sacrifice,
His priesthood, and His coming kingdom and glory, as a cup of cold water, and a word of
cheer, to some of His lambs and sheep, who may be faint and discouraged because of the
way.

Kilmarnock, 1889.

Introduction

I desire to state, in a few words, the object we have in view in coming together thus to
search and meditate on the typical teaching of the Tabernacle. It is not to instruct those
who have been searching and inquiring into this subject for years, and who can therefore
rejoice in its riches; nor is it to expound minutely or go into all the details of this deeply
important portion of the Word of God. Those who do so will find it an interesting study, and
a large and fruitful field for deep searching and meditation. Our desire is rather to guide the
dear lambs of the Lord’s flock — those who have been recently converted to God — to
these green pastures, and, as the Holy Spirit may show them, to seek to point out a few of
the precious things concerning the person and work of Christ, as they are found lying on the
surface of these types, trusting that all may be sufficiently interested to dig deeper into the
mine for themselves.

I suppose we have all been struck on reading our Bibles to find how much of that book is
occupied with types. The first five books are almost entirely typical, and many other parts of
the Word abound in them. This was the Lord’s method of teaching His people in days of old.
And when the Lord Jesus was here on earth, we all remember how often He used those
types to illustrate the truths He taught. (See John 3:14; 6:31-33.)

We cannot for one moment entertain the infidel and foolish speculations of some would-be
wise men about those parts of the Word of God. They would like to make us believe that
they were only intended for patriarchs and Israelites, and that we can derive little or no
profit from them; indeed, some are now saying that they form no part of the inspired
Scriptures at all! But the youngest of us knows better. We prize them as part of our Father’s
holy Word, of which it is written — “All Scripture is given by inspiration of God (or is God-
breathed), and is profitable” (2 Tim 3:16); and “Whatsoever things were written aforetime
were written for our learning” (Rom 15:4). The first of these Scriptures assures us that the
typical books are from God; the latter, that they are for us. In our unconverted days, we saw
no beauty in long chapters about bullocks and altars; and we either passed them by unread,
or we were glad when we got through them. Like a young lady of whom I have read, who
was presented with a book and asked to read it carefully. Out of courtesy to the giver, she
did so, but found it uninteresting and very dry. By-and-bye, she became acquainted with the
author, loved him, and became his bride. With what interest and pleasure she read the
same book then! How eagerly each line was scanned, each page perused! To her it was a
new book. And why? Because she knew and loved the one who wrote it. So it is now with
God’s saints. They know God; they love His Book. The types are God’s own pictures, and
they point forward to Christ.

I remember seeing in this city several years ago a well-marked Bible. It belonged to a
precious saint, who has since gone home to be with her Lord. Along the margin of one of the
typical books the following two lines were written

In the Old Testament the new lies hid;

In the New Testament the Old lies open.

I thought this was very sweet. It expresses most simply the meaning of the types and how
we may understand them. It is the Jesus of the New Testament that we see in the types of
the Old; Jesus in the lamb, the altar, the priest; Jesus in the varied glories of His person and
the varied aspects of His work. The believer who has most acquaintance with the Lord Jesus,
who loves Him best, will see most beauty in the types. Love is quick-sighted, it sees beauties
and perfections in its object where a stranger’s eye sees none. We look narrowly at those
we love; the lineaments of the countenance, the ways, the habits, and the resorts of the
loved one, are all observed. The deeper our appreciation is of Jesus, the closer we will study
each type that speaks to us of Him. Remember, they are no mere rough sketches; each
detail will bear the closest inspection, and the deeper we search the more we shall find that
the types are the work of God, and, like Him of whom they speak, unsearchable in their
riches.

I have sometimes thought how real they must have been to the Lord Jesus as He read them.
What feelings must have filled His holy soul, as He mused on such types as the killing of the
paschal lamb and the burning of the sin-offering without the camp, knowing as He did, that
they had to be fulfilled in Himself.

The types of GENESIS are chiefly dispensational. Turn to chapter 1. Here in verse 1 we have
the story of the Creation. Then the six days’ work in the forming of earth for man’s
habitation, beginning with the giving of light and ending with the creation of man in the
image of God. The story is most interesting; but how very much more so when we learn that
it is a figure of the new creation (see 2 Cor 5:17; Eph 2:10). It illustrates the work of God by
His Word and Spirit in a sinner’s soul, from the day that the entrance of God’s Word gives
light, on to the perfect day when he shall be presented in the image of the heavenly.
Chapter 2 introduces Adam and Eve. Adam “is the figure of Him that was to come” (Rom
5:14), “the last Adam” (1 Cor 15:45), the head of the new creation; and Eve, a type of the
church, His bride (Gen 2:21-23, with Eph 5:30-32). The story of Hagar, the home-bringing of
Isaac’s bride, and Joseph’s rejection by his brethren, all abound in typical truth.

Exodus is the book of REDEMPTION. The Passover, the Red Sea, and the Tabernacle with its
furniture, are all types of redemption and its results to the people of God.
LEVITICUS is the book of the PRIESTS. It chiefly consists of types showing the way of worship
and access to God, and how communion with God may be maintained, or restored when
broken, and so on.

May the Risen One, who drew near to the two weary travellers on the Emmaus road, and,
“beginning at Moses, expounded to them in all the Scriptures the things concerning
Himself”, draw near to us and reveal Himself while we meditate on these very portions of
His Word. So shall our heart burn within us, and we shall go on with quickened step toward
our home.

The Nation’s History

A word on the history of this favoured people in whose midst the Tabernacle was. Turn to
Exodus 1. Here we have a picture of Israel in bondage. They had no Tabernacle, no glory-
cloud there. Like the unconverted sinner, they were slaves; they lived without God. Yet He
loved them, and, faithful to His promise, He redeemed them. Exodus 12 shows their
redemption. It was their birthday as a redeemed people.

Next comes their separation to God. The Red Sea opened to let them out of Egypt’s power,
and closed behind them to keep them out of it for ever. They were brought out to be alone
with God in the desert. Here it was, far away from Egypt’s altars and its gods, that God came
down to dwell among them. Here it was that the Tabernacle was pitched. Let us learn a
lesson from this. No believer who tarries in Egypt need expect to apprehend the typical
teaching of the Tabernacle. So long as a child of God is governed by the world’s maxims and
mixed up with its abominations, he can know but little of communion with his God. The
promise, “I will dwell in them”, is closely followed by the precept, “Come out from among
them, and be ye separate” (2 Cor 6:16-17). It is vain to sigh and cry over one’s barrenness
and lack of communion, and still remain in friendship with the world. If God’s child can
afford to forfeit the sunshine of his Father’s face to gain the pleasures of the world; if he can
coldly barter the friendship of his God for that of the enemies of the Cross, he has no just
reason to complain of his bargain. If he know not the fellowship of the Lord’s redeemed
encamped around His Tabernacle, let him heed the call, “Come out from among them, and
be ye separate…and I will receive you, saith the Lord.”

The Tabernacle, Literally and Typically

The Tabernacle was the dwelling-place of JEHOVAH — God of Israel. It stood in the centre of
the twelve tribes, facing the east. The cloud abode above, and the glory continuously dwelt
within its inner circle. To the nations around, it must have appeared a very common-looking
edifice, more resembling a huge coffin than the temple of Israel’s God, the palace of their
King.

It consisted of three distinct circles. First, the Outer Court, 100 cubits long by 50 broad. It
was surrounded by an hanging of fine linen, and within it stood the altar of burnt offering
and the Laver. The Tabernacle proper stood in the western end of this enclosure. It was
divided into two apartments. The first was called the holy place. This was 20 cubits long by
10 broad. It contained the altar of incense, the table of showbread, and the golden
candlestick. A curtain hung on four pillars, called the veil, divided between the holy place
and the holiest of all. The holiest was a square apartment, 10 cubits long by 10 broad.
Within it stood the ark of the covenant with the mercy seat and cherubim, the cloud of glory
resting between them. The twelve tribes were gathered around, each in its divinely-ordered
place. The camp consisted of probably over two million souls.

When Moses was on the mount with God he was shown a pattern of the Tabernacle, and he
also received instructions how each part of it was to be made. Not one single pin or knop
was omitted in the divine instructions, and Moses was repeatedly told to adhere strictly to
them in all their details (Exod 25:40; 26:30). The house was God’s, and He ordered it. Moses,
as a faithful servant, obeyed. It would be well for us today if all the servants of Christ would
remember that the Lord has not been less careful about the building of His Church. He has
given the divine pattern and the most minute instructions as to how His House on earth is to
be ordered (see 1 Cor; 1 Tim). This abides the unrepealed, unchanging will of God for His
people’s obedience throughout the whole of the Church’s earthly history until the Lord
comes.

The Tabernacle was God’s first dwelling-place on earth. He walked in the company of Adam
in Eden. He visited Abraham at Mamre, but had no dwelling-place there. Here He comes
down to dwell with His redeemed, and from then till now He has had a dwelling-place on
earth. After the Tabernacle, the Temple in the land (2 Chr 6:3-6); and when its day was past,
the Son from the Father’s bosom came. God was manifest in the flesh, “the Word became
flesh, and tabernacled among us” (John 1:14, R.V.). The glory of God was manifest in the
temple of His Body. Next came the Church — a spiritual house, an holy temple, built of living
stones. This is the present dwelling-place of God on earth. No house however gorgeous, no
temple made with hands however grand, can claim the honour of being “the house of God”.
He dwelleth not in temples made with hands. But “where two or three” of His ransomed
saints are found gathered together in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, there He is in their
midst (Matt 18:20). This is His rest; here will He dwell, for He has desired it (Psa 132:14).
And by-and-by, when time and sin and death shall be no more, when wilderness toils and
tears are past, the last foe vanquished, and God shall be all in all, then shall “the Tabernacle
of God be with men, and He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people” (Rev 21:3).

TYPICALLY, the Tabernacle pointed onward to Christ. In His Temple every whit of it uttered
His glory (Psa 29:9). Christ is all. The glories of His person and work are stamped on every
part of it, from the ark of the covenant within the veil, to the smallest pin and cord of its
outer Court. This will be seen more clearly, as we look at its several parts.

It is also a figure of the wilderness condition of the Church of God — in the world, but
not of the world.

The Free-Will Offerings

The whole of the materials of which the Tabernacle was built were the free-will offerings of
the people of God. No stranger or alien’s gold was allowed to adorn the dwelling-place of
Israel’s God. An unconverted sinner’s gifts are not accepted by the Lord, nor ought they to
be mingled with the offerings of the saints. Christendom has deeply sinned in this. The
world supports the nominal Church, and wealthy worldlings are its pillars. Ill-gotten gain,
extorted from carnal men and sanctified in the name of God is used to build religious
temples in which the pride and vanity of man may be displayed. With such sacrifices God
is not well pleased; they savour of the offering of Cain, and from God they have no respect.
God is a bountiful giver; and those who have been the recipients of the riches of His grace
may well reflect His character. The sense of God’s goodness was present to His people’s
hearts; redemption and its results they had tasted the sweetness of. They were in the dew
of their youth, and they gave, and gave their very best to God. Rulers brought their precious
stones and spices; women brought their bracelets and their jewels; and those who had no
wealth to give, showed their love in labour. Strong men felled the shittim trees, and wise-
hearted women span. Morning after morning (Exod 36:3) the gifts of willing hearts poured
in, in such abundance, too, that Moses had to bid them cease. “For the stuff they had was
sufficient for all the work to make it, and too much” (Exod 36:7). Lovely grace! It reminds us
of the early days of the church of God, when mammon had lost its hold, and the wealth of
saints was given to God (see Acts 2). How sad the change in the days of Malachi the
prophet! The people had departed from the Lord. They had lost the sense of His goodness;
and they asked, “Wherein hast Thou loved us?” (Mal 1:2). They brought the lame and
diseased of their bullocks to God’s altar, and kept the good ones for themselves. None
would open a door or kindle a fire for God, without being paid for his work. And when to
this very people the Son of God appeared, they valued and sold Him for thirty pieces of
silver.

The Workmen (see Exod 31:16)

Bezaleel and Aholiab were called and fitted for the work, the former from the tribe of Judah
— the royal tribe (Heb 7:14), the first also on the march (Num 10:14); the latter from the
tribe of Dan, the last in the camp. Thus does the Lord show us that He can find His “chosen
vessels” wheresoever He listeth. He called one apostle from the feet of Gamaliel and
another from his fishing boat on Galilee’s Lake, and linked them together as the apostles of
the circumcision and of the Gentiles (Gal 2:9). And those whom He thus calls, He fits for His
service. This is more than man can do. “Every one whose heart stirred him up, came to the
work to do it” (Exod 36:2). Willing hearts caused willing hands to work for God. So will they
yet. A willing heart — a mind to work — is the crying need of the present hour. Cold-hearted
saints will always fluid some lame excuse for idleness; but hearts a-glow with the love of
Jesus will easily find work to do for Him. God is building His heavenly tent. Now is the
opportunity for His saints to show their love. Nothing really given to God or done for Him
with single eye, will be forgotten on a coming day.

Deeds of merit as we thought them,

He will tell us were but sin;
Little acts we had forgotten,
He will own were done for Him.

The Court (Exod 27:9-15)

The order in which the commands concerning the Tabernacle and its vessels were given by
Jehovah to Moses, as also the order in which they were made and placed, was from within
to without (see Exodus 25 and 40), beginning with the ark of the covenant within the
Holiest, and ending with the court and its gates without.

A descending line of typical truth is thus brought before us. The order is from God to man. It
reminds us of the path of the Son of God — down from the bosom of the Father to the
manger of Bethlehem and the cross of Calvary, where He reached the sinner in all his guilt
and need.

The order in which our souls apprehend the truth is from without to within. We begin with
the court and its gate, and travel inward past the brazen altar and the laver, and onward till
we reach the throne of God.

This will at once be apparent to us when we remember that, as sinners, our place is
“without God” and “afar off” (Eph 2:12-13). Our first apprehensions of Jesus are therefore
suited to that condition.

It does not concern the guilty sinner how he may worship or commune with God. It is not
the golden altar or the table that his soul seeks after then. Convicted and consciously lost,
the cry of the awakened sinner is, “How can I be saved?” and the divine and all-sufficient
answer from the lips of Jesus is, “I am the Door: by Me if any man enter in, he shall be
saved” (John 10:9).

Once inside the gate, we go on to learn of Jesus as the altar, the sacrifice, and the priest. We
pass within the Holy Place to worship God and to “behold the beauty of the Lord” within His
dwelling-place. I speak now of our apprehension of the truth, not of our standing in Christ.
The youngest babe in the family of God has Christ, and, having Christ, has all. The aged saint
can have no more than Christ; the babe has nothing less. The difference lies in the
experimental knowledge of Him. The babe has only known Him, it may be, a few days; the
aged pilgrim has leaned on His arm for years, and knows His restoring and upholding, as well
as His saving power.

We shall now pursue our subject thus, and begin by looking at the Court of the Tabernacle.
The Court was an open space, 100 cubits long by 50 cubits broad, surrounded by a hanging
of fine twined linen, supported by 56 pillars. Each pillar stood in a socket of brass (or
copper), and was crowned with silver; hooks of silver upheld the curtains, and rods of silver
connected the pillars. An unbroken line of silver and fine linen went thus round about the
Court. On the eastern side was the gate. It was 2 cubits wide, and consisted of an
embroidered hanging of blue, purple, and scarlet or fine twined linen. It was suspended on
four pillars. This was the only entrance to the dwelling-place of Israel’s God, and he who
would enter there, must submit to do so in God’s appointed way. There was no choice, no
variety. The truth taught here is very solemn. May we have ears to hear.

The Court may be looked at as illustrative of that outermost circle of blessing which the
sinner consciously enters when by faith he sees Jesus as the Door of Salvation. The holy
places — figures of the heavens (Heb 9:24) — and his position there as a worshipper, he
may not yet apprehend, but he knows himself saved, delivered from the wrath to come, and
within, the circle of the family of God, where grace and mercy can deal with him. Even to be
there — the very lowest view of the place and portion of a saint — is most blessed. No
wonder that David sang, “A day in Thy courts is better than a thousand. I would rather be a
doorkeeper (margin, ‘sit on the threshold’) in the house of my God, than dwell in the tents
of wickedness” (Psa 84:10).

Sinner! you do not know what you are losing by staying outside the gate. There are joys and
pleasures within, such as you can never know in the “tents of wickedness”. A little while,
and these tents shall be overthrown; the unsatisfying and delusive charms of a godless
world, shall all be gone for ever. Full well the happy saint may sing, “Blessed is the man
whom Thou choosest, and causest to approach unto Thee, that he may dwell in Thy courts:
we shall be with the goodness of Thy house” (Psa 65:4).

We are not told of what material the pillars were made; we need not therefore pry into
God’s secrets, or seek to be wise where He has been silent. The silence signifies that they
are something to be looked away from. The copper represents God in righteousness judging
sin. The silver speaks of redemption through the blood of Christ. The hangings of the Court
were of fine twined linen. The bride of the Lamb is said to be “arrayed in fine linen, clean
and white (‘bright and pure’), for the fine linen is the righteousness (‘righteous acts’) of
saints” (Rev 19:8, R.V.). Fine linen, then, is the emblem of righteousness. But naturally, and
apart from Christ, the saints had no such righteousness. Their very best was “filthy rags” (Isa
64:6). Such is the emblem chosen by the Spirit of God to show the best of human
righteousness, in contrast with what is Divine. “FINE LINEN, CLEAN AND WHITE”—“FILTHY
RAGS”. How striking the contrast! How vast the difference! Let the sinner ponder it, and ask
himself, in which he stands before a holy God? There has been only one down here below,
in whose life and ways the linen bright and pure was seen in its unsullied brightness. He was
“Jesus Christ the Righteous”. No coarse threads, no taints of unrighteousness were in Him.
Jesus was perfect: perfect in His devotedness to God, perfect in His righteousness toward
man. To Him, and Him alone, the fine linen belonged by right. In Him, and Him alone, it was
fully, perfectly, and continually manifested here. Men around Him saw its brightness, and
they shunned it. It was a continual rebuke to the Scribes and Pharisees — the religious
leaders of that day — and they hated it; yet there He stood, the righteous one amid the
unrighteous, the holy amid the unclean, revealing and displaying such righteousness and
holiness as are of God. The holy life of Jesus here on earth, apart from the shedding of His
blood, could have brought no salvation, no comfort to the sinner. How foolish then is the
thought, how utterly false is the doctrine, now, alas, so widely diffused throughout
Christendom, that the life of Jesus was given us as an example, and that by copying it man
may reach the Kingdom of God! Ah no; it is as we draw near and gaze on Him — as we place
our own “filthy rags” of human righteousness alongside the hanging of linen, pure and
white, that we learn what we really are. So long as Job was reasoning and arguing with his
fellow-men, he could say, “My righteousness I hold fast and will not let it go”; but, when
face to face with God, he had to own — “Mine eye seeth Thee, therefore I abhor myself”
(Job 42:5-7).

Sinner, have you ever seen yourself thus? Have you ever stood with closed mouth,
convicted and condemned, at the outside of that circle of righteousness surrounding the
dwelling place of God? If such be the righteousness that God demands from those who
enter the courts of His holiness, then you have not got it. You must be shut out from God for
ever, on the ground of righteousness. The claims of God can never be lowered; the curtain is
five cubits high, the same all round. There is no loophole, no ill-adjusted corner through
which you may slip unawares. If you are trusting to the mercy of God, and forgetting His
holiness and his righteousness, you are making a fatal mistake. You are seeking to “climb up
some other way” to reach the Kingdom of God. If you expect to go to heaven by works, you
are attempting to break down the claims of God, and trample the curtain of linen to the
ground. The “great white throne” of judgment, to be set up in eternity, will bear witness to
the same truth as that fine linen curtain. The dead who stand before that throne will be
judged according to their works. The open books bring back to view the record of earthly
lives of those who “had pleasure in unrighteousness”. There will not be one in all that vast
assembly who can claim a place in Heaven on the ground of human righteousness. They are
all condemned, and cast into the burning lake.

The Gate (Exod 27:16-17)

In front of the Tabernacle, in the centre of the Court, facing the east, was the gate. The east
in Scripture is connected with rising light. The camp of Judah was commanded to pitch on
the east, “toward the rising of the sun” (Num 2:3). The beams of the rising sun would thus
fall first upon the gate, revealing its colours, and showing the way of approach to God.
There was no back or side entrance: he who entered it must do so in the light.

Men naturally love the darkness, because of their evil deeds. The light makes manifest what
man is. The sinner must be exposed before he can be saved: he must enter God’s appointed
gate in the full consciousness that he is a sinner; there must be no shirking of the light, no
covering or hiding of his state. And this is why so many of the self-righteous refuse the way
of God. They will not submit to be searched and humbled in the light of God, or to take
salvation such as God has provided; therefore, they devise ways of their own. Cain was the
first of these. He blinked the fact that he was a fallen man, and sought in the darkness a way
to God apart from shed blood. Others followed in his steps; and “the way of Cain” is trodden
by thousands of self-righteous souls who seek a way to God apart from the blood of the
Lamb. The end of all such ways is death, the blackness of darkness for ever.

The gate was the only way of access to God. Why was there only one? Because God had
provided no more, and no one had any right to find fault with God’s arrangement. Why was
it on the east? Because God had so appointed. It was all of His doing, all of His providing,
and He, as Sovereign, had a right to do as He pleased. How needful it is to remember this.
Men all round us are questioning God’s ways and sitting in judgment upon them. They are
questioning His existence, questioning His ability, questioning the truthfulness and the
authority of His Word. To contend for the one gate is counted “bigotry”. To stand up for the
truth of God is branded as “narrow-mindedness”. “If a man be sincere, no matter what he
believes, he will surely go to heaven” is the popular creed. Although men differ in their
belief, yet, somehow, they will all arrive at the same happy end at last: sceptics and
believers, sinners and saints, all the same, is the substance of this popular gospel. False as it
is, this most palatable fable is preached from many pulpits, and greedily devoured by the
people. The man who conjures up the greatest falsehood, and shows the ways of access to
heaven to be most diverse, is considered the “charitable man”; and he who contends that
God has only one way whereby a sinner can draw nigh, and that there is “none other name”
than the name of Jesus whereby the lost may be saved, is barely tolerated. Yet, such is the
ever-abiding truth of God, and he who rejects or denies it will find out his mistake by-and-
bye.

The gate was for all: the prince and the beggar alike. The grey-haired father and the little
child might enter it side by side. So it is with Jesus Christ. The thief of Calvary, the woman of
the city, and Saul the Pharisee, passed through the same gate, and were all saved with the
“common salvation”.

The gate was wide, but low. It was twenty cubits wide by five high. It may be contrasted
with the door of the Holy Place, the dimensions of which were ten cubits high by ten cubits
wide. The area of both is alike, but the door is twice the height and only half the width of
the gate. The leading thought in the door is height, in the gate, width. The application of this
is evident. The Holy Place was only for the priests. Others were not allowed to enter there.
Its entrance was therefore a narrow one. The privileges of the family of God are not for the
world; the unconverted sinner is not admitted within the range of them. The door of the
church of God — His assembly on earth — ought to be no wider than to admit of those
whom God has called to be there. The unconverted and the defiled are not allowed to
enter. It is not so with the Gospel. The gate of the Court was wide, and any or all might enter
there. The breadth of the love of God is what concerns the anxious sinner. The question of
his heart is, “Will it admit me?” And the blessed answer remains for ever, “God so loved
the world, that He gave His only-begotten Son.” “By me, if any man enter in, he shall be
saved.” When God says, “Whosoever will, may come”, He means it; and when the Apostle
declares that God “will have all men to be saved”, there can be no doubt whatever about
the width of the gate.

The way in which some preachers talk about election is enough to frighten any convicted
sinner. Thank God for election: it has its ordered place in the divinely-formed chain of truth,
and there it yields its peculiar blessing and comfort to the saint within the sanctuary of God.
But it is not the message of God to the sinner. “Chosen in Him before the foundation of the
world” is part of the heritage of the family within the house of God; but the inscription on
the outer gate, beaming before the needy sinner, in clear, bold letters, is “WHOSOEVER
WILL, MAY COME.” The sinner who comes to God through Christ may rest assured that he
will find a hearty welcome. The question of election will not be raised, but, like the prodigal
of old, the kiss, the robe, the ring, shall all be his. Should the sinner refuse to enter by God’s
appointed way, he will never be able to find a defence by saying that there was no salvation
for him; nor will it be possible for one of the lost in the ever-burning lake to say, “I am here
because I was not elected to accept salvation.” Ah no; the door is wide enough for all. No
one ever found it too narrow who came. The lament of Jesus is, “Ye will not come to Me
that ye might have life.”

Some might say, “I am too vile — I am too bad to enter.” Ah, sinner, that gate was not for
good people. It was for the transgressor. The gospel is God’s good news to the guilty. The
salvation of God is for the lost. Pass in, then, guilty sinner, within the open gate. Your guilt is
your passport: God’s invitation is the assurance of your welcome. Heed not the giddy and
the scoffing crowd who seek to turn you aside from God’s appointed way, by telling you that
no one can be sure of salvation now. Close your ears to all the conflicting sounds of earth, to
all the sophistries of men, and hearken to the voice of Jesus, “I am the Door; by ME if any
man enter in, he SHALL BE SAVED.” “Shall be saved” is the word. There is no doubt, no
uncertainty about it. Thousands have entered, and they have been saved. They beckon you
to enter in.

It was only one step. One moment the transgressor was outside the gate, the linen curtain
against him, keeping him out. The next moment he was inside, the curtain was for him,
surrounding him on every side and keeping him in. The reception of salvation is not a
tedious process: it is not the work of months or years. It is done in a moment. That moment
is when the sinner has done with himself and receives Christ, when he ceases to expect
admission to God through His own righteousness, and enters in by Christ alone. God is
pledged to save that sinner, and He does so at once and for ever. How wondrous is the
transition! From death to life — from darkness to light — from Satan to God. The saved one
stands within the circle of God’s favour. He is no more an enemy, but a son. The linen
curtain that once shut him out now shuts him in; he stands in grace, and righteousness is on
his side. He sees how the curtain hangs on the silver and is upheld by the pillars in the
sockets of copper. He learns that God has saved him in righteousness through the
redemption of Christ and the judgment of sin. How secure and peaceful! How safe and
satisfied! Sinner, will you enter in before it be too late? Will you pass in within that open
gate, today?

Ere night that gate may close, and seal thy doom,
Then the last low, long cry, ‘no room,’ ‘no room’
O, woeful cry, ‘no room’.

The Altar of Burnt Offering (Exod 27:1-8)

The two vessels that stood within the court of the Tabernacle were the altar of burnt-
offering and the brazen laver. They stood in a straight line between the gate of the court
and the door of the Holy Place. In many points they may be contrasted with all the other
vessels. They stood in the open court, visible to all the tribes; the services at both were of a
public character. In this they differ from the vessels of the Holy Place, which were seen only
by the priests who entered there. They were made of copper, or shittim wood and copper;
whereas the inner vessels were of gold, or shittim wood and gold. Copper speaks to us of
God in judgment; gold, of God in glory. Outside it is God in righteousness dealing with sin
and uncleanness; inside it is God revealed in His Divine glory to His saints in communion
with Himself.

Speaking broadly, the vessels without are typical of Christ as He was down here, and of the
work accomplished by Him on earth and its application; those within, of Christ risen and
glorified in the heavens, and of His work continuously carried on up there for His saints. We
need both. Apart from the altar and laver no priest could ever have entered the dwelling
place of God; apart from the golden altar no priest could have continued there. In the
brazen altar we see Christ meeting man’s needs and bringing the believer into abiding
relationship with God. In the golden altar we see Christ maintaining His saints in conscious
nearness and communion in that relationship. The altar in the court was the place of
sacrifice. Our word altar comes from a word that means “to kill” — a slaughter place.
Ritualism with its altar in the Church is virtually a denial of the Cross and of the sufficiency of
the sacrifice of Christ. It is “the altar” (Exod 29:12; 30:20), for there was no other. Christ, and
Christ alone, is the answer to this type. He is “the altar” and “the Lamb.” There is no other
meeting-place between God and the sinner; “there remaineth no more sacrifice for sin.”
It is “the altar at the door” (Lev 4:7), because there was no way of approach to God but by
passing that altar; there was no access to God but on the ground of sacrifice. Sinner! let the
full weight of this solemn truth fall upon your conscience. There is no way to God but by the
blood of Christ. There, at the gate of the court, stood the transgressor; yonder, at the
western end, Jehovah of Israel sat upon His throne; blood and water stood between. They
tell out the need of atonement and cleansing ere the sinner can come nigh to God. The
bright flame of fire, burning night and day upon the altar (Lev 6:12-13) was the first sight
that met the sinner’s gaze as he cast his eyes towards the dwelling-place of God. The altar
must be satisfied, its claims all met in full, before he could advance one step on his way to
God. Fix your eyes, then, sinner, on that altar and its flame. It tells you of the God with
whom you have to do, for “our God is a consuming fire”: not altogether love and mercy, as
you have been wont to think, but “glorious in holiness” as well. This was seen at “the place
called Calvary”, of which this altar speaks. The fire once kindled there, is surely enough to
convince you that God can by no means clear the guilty. The judgment of sin, as seen in the
Cross of Christ, is the ever-abiding witness that “the wages of sin is death”. The fire was
never to go out. So long as the holiness of God continues, so shall the punishment of sin.
The unquenchable flame of that “eternal fire” in which the Christless one must for ever
dwell, is an awful witness to the abiding holiness of God.

The altar was four-square — the same on all sides. This signifies completeness — equality.
“There is no difference”; sinners of all ranks and conditions are equally needy, and no
matter from whence they come, Christ is the same for all. It stood on the ground. It was
equally accessible to the child and the full-grown man. Such is the Cross of Christ. It is within
the sinner’s reach, whatever may be his state; no steps are required to reach it.

It was made of shittim wood and copper. Shittim wood alone could not have endured the
fire; the copper gave endurance and strength. “Shittim” or “incorruptible wood” is typical of
the humanity of our Lord, and the copper in combination with it here, of the all-enduring
strength of Jesus as “the mighty God.” What mysteries and combinations are here! How our
hearts should bow and our feet tread softly as we draw near to gaze on the person of our
glorious Immanuel! He was as truly “the virgin’s child,” the “seed of the woman” who was to
bruise the serpent’s head, as He was “the Son” from the bosom of the Father. His manhood
was perfect, as was His divinity. He was “Son of Man” and “Son of God.” People sometimes
say “He took upon Him our sinful nature”, but this is not the language of Holy Scripture, and
the thought is deeply derogatory to the Person of our adorable Lord. I do not say that all
who use such words are culpably guilty of this — I am sure that the very opposite is the case
with many, and that they truly love the Lord. But we need in this, as in all the things of God,
to rein in our own imaginations and avoid using proverbial expressions handed down from
our fathers, holding fast and using the words of the Holy Ghost. We “were by nature the
children of wrath”, we were conceived in sin and shapen in iniquity; the nature that we
brought into the world with us was “enmity against God” in its very essence, and it will
continue to be so. It was not so with our blessed Lord. He was perfect in His manhood; there
was no taint of fallen humanity in Him. His conception was by the power of the Holy Ghost;
He was “that holy thing” (Luke 1:35), the “holy child” (Acts 4:27), the “holy one” (Acts
13:35). His flesh “saw no corruption”: it was the antitype of the “incorruptible wood”.
The horns of the altar were on four corners. The horn in Scripture is often used to denote
power (see Dan 8:3-20; Rev 17:12). The horns of this altar were possibly used in binding the
victim when it was presented alive before Jehovah — “Bind the sacrifice with cords to the
altar’s horns” (Psa 118:27). They were sprinkled with the blood of atonement (Exod 29:12),
and there the guilty fled for refuge (1 Kin 2:28). The sinner who flees to Christ for refuge will
prove the power of God in this immediate salvation. The moment he, by faith, lays hold of
the blood, almighty power is on his side, and will henceforth be his “horn of salvation” and
“high tower” (Psa 18:2), defending and upholding him.

In the midst of the altar was a network of copper: it would thus be one-and-a-half cubits
high — the same height as the mercy seat. We hear a great deal about the mercy of God,
very little about His justice; but the mercy of God and His justice are of the same
dimensions, and His saints can say, “I will sing of mercy and judgment: unto Thee, O God,
will I sing!” (Psa 101:1).

On this network the burnt-offering was laid, and there consumed. The ashes fell through the
network underneath, and were afterwards removed by the priest. How vividly all this
pointed onward to the cross of Christ. At early morn you might have seen the offerer
moving on with his living victim toward the altar of God. He passed through the gate and
stood beside the burning flame. There the victim was slain and flayed; its various parts were
all spread out, then raised upon the copper network, and from thence it ascended a sweet
savour unto the Lord. A few hours later you might have seen a man clothed in pure linen
garments coming from the altar with a copper pan filled with ashes in his hand. The victim
had been offered and accepted, and the precious ashes were treasured up in a clean place
without the camp.

We all remember what is written of that day on which the Lamb of God was sacrificed on a
cross outside the gates of Jerusalem. It was a busy day, and the city was early astir. At early
morn, priests were consulting and the multitude gathering. Later on, amid the stifled sobs of
those who loved Him and the rage of His foes, the Lamb of God was led silently along the
streets of Jerusalem and onward to the cross. Bound to the horns of the altar by the cords
of love, He willingly died. The fire consumed the sacrifice. O! how precious in the sight of
God was the lifeless form that hung upon that tree! How unspeakably dear the precious
ashes of that whole burnt-offering! No rude hand of man was allowed to touch or to break a
bone of God’s Holy Lamb. As the shades of evening fell, Joseph of Arimathea, His own
disciple, came, bearing the body of the Lord wrapped in a clean linen cloth, and laid it in a
clean new tomb, where no corrupting flesh of man had ever lain. The work was finished, the
sacrifice was accepted, and the God of resurrection entered that rock-hewn tomb and
raised Him from the dead. This is the Gospel of salvation for the sinner; this is the mighty
lever that raises him from the horrible pit and sets him among princes. Jesus died: He was
buried: God raised Him from the dead. Glorious message! Blessed tidings! “It is finished.”

We sing:
No blood, no altar now,
The sacrifice is o’er;
No flame, no smoke ascends on high,
The lamb is slain no more.

The Offerings

Leviticus is the great book of sacrifice in the Old Testament; it may be studied along with the
epistle to the Hebrews, which is its counterpart in the New Testament. In the early part of
that book we have five distinct offerings presented to us: the burnt-offering, the meat-
offering, the peace-offering, the sin-offering, and the trespass-offering. Viewed together,
they present to us in type the one perfect offering of Christ; viewed separately they present
five different aspects of that one offering, as meeting the various needs of the people of
God in their access to God, their communion, and their worship.

It was after the children of Israel had left the land of Egypt, and become a people separated
unto God that this book was given to them. They had been brought into the wilderness to
be alone with God that He might there instruct them in things concerning His worship and
His service. It was there, in the waste, howling desert, that the mystic tent was set up and
filled with glory; it was there that the redeemed of the Lord began to learn practically their
own imperfections and failures and the varied provisions of God’s grace, as seen in the
sacrifices and the priesthood. Those of the people of God who choose to linger in an Egypt-
world, and whose lives are spent in conformity to its ways, know little experimentally of true
communion and worship. They will not therefore readily apprehend those aspects of the
work of Christ which maintain the saint in nearness to God. Their spiritual sensibilities are so
blunted by the effects of worldliness, that shortcomings and failures do not appear to be so
hideous in their eyes as to drive them daily to seek the repose of their souls in the varied
excellences of Christ’s sacrifice. But the child of God who seeks to walk along the desert in
the company of His Father will appreciate their value, at least in measure, and, as he learns
his own poverty and insufficiency, he will rejoice in the riches and perfections of these
offerings. It is a blessed fact that, whether his intelligence in these things be small or great,
every believer in Christ Jesus stands accepted in all the value that God has put upon the
person and work of His beloved Son. The new-born babe and the father in Christ are alike in
this: they stand upon the same immovable rock; their title to the presence of God is found
in the same most precious blood; they are “accepted” in the same “Beloved”; but the peace
and joy of the soul, the strength and growth of spiritual life, depend greatly on our
apprehension and enjoyment of these things.

The offerings are divided into two classes, viz.:—sweet savour offerings and offerings for sin.
The burnt-offering, the meat-offering, and the peace-offering are in the former class; the sin
and trespass-offerings in the latter.

The order in which they are given to us in the Book of Leviticus is, first, the burnt-offering,
and last, the sin and trespass-offerings. God begins by telling out to us in type, the portion
that He has found in the sacrifice of Christ, and then that which meets our need. But the
order in which they were offered was the opposite of this, as, for example, in the cleansing
of the leper (Lev 14:12-13), and the consecration of the priesthood (Lev 8:14-15). And this is
the order in which our souls apprehend the varied riches of the one sacrifice of Jesus Christ.
We know Him first as the One who “died for our sins”, then as the one who gave Himself
wholly to God for the lack of devotedness in us. There can be no communion, no worship,
until sin has been disposed of and the conscience set at rest. It is only as we know our own
deep need, that we do in any measure apprehend the riches and sufficiency of the perfect
sacrifice.

I have said that the offerings were divided into two classes, viz.: sweet savour offerings and
offerings for sin. The sin and trespass-offerings are of this latter class. The distinctive
features of these offerings are, that they were offered either for sins committed knowingly,
or in ignorance; that they were not burnt upon the altar in the Court, but carried forth
without the camp and burnt up in the devouring fire as accursed of God. The victim was
charged with the sin of the offerer, and its life was taken in his stead. Taken together, they
point onward to Jesus as the bearer of sin and the curse; they present to us in type His
death, as meeting all the requirements of divine justice for the sinner. He it was who “was
made sin for us” (2 Cor 5:21), and “who suffered for sins, the Just for the unjust, that He
might bring us to God” (1 Pet 3:18). By His one perfect offering, the sins of all who believe
are once and for ever put away, to be remembered again no more. The voice that speaks to
us from the throne of God, in virtue of the death of Christ as our sin and trespass-offering,
says — “Thine iniquity is taken away, and the sin purged”; “Their sins and iniquities will I
remember no more”; “Blessed is he whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered.”

THE TRESPASS-OFFERING was to make atonement for sins knowingly committed (Lev 6:1, 7).
It was offered for certain evil acts done against God and man; it was not so much the guilty
person as the evil deed that was prominent in this offering. This is generally the first thing
that troubles the sinner when the Spirit of God begins to deal with him. He remembers the
sins of his past life, he knows that the justice of God demands their punishment, and he
trembles at the prospect of meeting the Holy Judge. How blessed to the troubled and
awakened soul are the tidings that Jesus has been our trespass-offering, that “He was
wounded for our transgressions, and bruised for our iniquities,” and that what we could not
make restitution of, to God or man — for we had “nothing to pay”, — our blessed Lord in his
death has most fully done. How sweet was the moment when we first beheld the Lamb of
God, and saw “all trespasses” forgiven (Col 2:13). It was then that we could take up the
language of the saint, and sing —

Here we find the dawn of heaven,

While upon the cross we gaze,
See our trespasses forgiven,
And our songs of triumph raise.

And ever since we have been converted (for the application of these offerings is especially
to the saints), how oft have our souls rejoiced in Jesus as our trespass-offering? We have
over and over again been wanderers from our Father’s side, and that deliberately and
knowingly. Where should we have been but for the abiding efficacy of the great trespass-
offering, which, blessed be God, shall never lose its power
Till every ransomed saint of God
Be saved to sin no more.

As the young believer goes on walking in the ways of the Lord, and as the light of the truth
of God shines in upon his inner being, he begins to find out that he has not only committed
evil deeds, but that he has within him an evil and revolted heart, a corrupt and sinful nature,
utterly opposed to God. He finds that he has been ignorantly, as well as knowingly, going on
in rebellion against the Lord. Things which did not at first appear to him to be sinful have, by
the light of truth, been shown to be so, and he now groans over the years of ignorant
indulgence of them. The provision of God’s grace for this is the SIN-OFFERING.

It was not sin as we were acquainted with it, nor sin as we were consciously and confessedly
guilty of it, that was laid upon the Lamb of God, in the day that His soul was made an
offering for sin, but SIN as it was gauged by the Holy Judge; SIN as it was known by Him
against whom it had been committed. The words “I lay my sins on Jesus” are but the
expression of an unscriptural thought concerning sin. Our consciousness of sin may be great
or small, according to the measure of our light and the sensitiveness of our consciences, but,
blessed be the God who loved us, that He charged all our sins upon the great sin-offering,
and put them all away for ever. Yea, more; He condemned sin, and set man aside, closing his
account for ever as a child of Adam at the cross. How blessed for the soul to grasp this
precious truth! That God has dealt with sin, and settled every question regarding it once for
all at the Cross, and that the abiding efficacy of the blood remains before God most precious
for ever. Is this a license for the believer to sin? God forbid! Does this imply that he is to take
no notice of sins committed after conversion? Most assuredly not. As a child of God,
confession and a Father’s forgiveness will be daily needed. If he goes on with sin
unconfessed, his Father’s faithful hand will use the rod. But his account, as a man in
the flesh, as a child of Adam, a sinner, was finally closed and “settled” at the cross of Christ.
As we grow in the knowledge of what we are and of what we have done (it may be
ignorantly), we shall be driven to seek the daily rest of our souls in the perfectness of the
great sin-offering.

Many are disposed to think and speak lightly of sins committed in ignorance. If worthy of
being reckoned sins at all, they are, according to such, of comparatively small account. But
such thoughts are not the thoughts of God. “If a soul sin…though he wist it not, yet is he
guilty” (Ch 5:17), is the irrevocable verdict of the court of heaven concerning sins of
ignorance. Let us ponder this. Ignorance is not innocence. It is frequently the result of a
protracted course of rebellion against the light, and of playing fast and loose with the truth
of God. The conscience becomes so seared, and the heart so hardened, that the most
heinous sins may be committed ignorantly. Could anything be more awful than this? How
utterly gone from God must that man be who can sin against Him, and persecute His saints,
and yet suppose he is doing God service! The priests and rulers of Jerusalem condemned
and crucified the Son of God, and yet they knew not what they did (Luke 23:34). Peter told
them “I wot that through ignorance ye did it” (Acts 3:17); but none will surely say they did
no evil. Saul of Tarsus, while he persecuted the saints, believed he was serving God (John
13:2), but he tells us he did it “ignorantly in unbelief”. There are many around us whose
minds are so blinded that they are scattering deadly error, and believe it to be truth; they
are leading men to the lake of fire, yet sincerely suppose they will reach the city of God. But
this is not confined to unregenerate sinners; there are many of the professed children of
God judicially blinded. They have trifled with the light that once shone upon them, until it
has now become darkness. Truths once known but not obeyed have been wrested from
their grasp. Precepts and commands, long unheeded, have ceased to exercise their
consciences. We constantly hear it said, “We can do so-and-so with a good conscience”; but
man’s conscience is not the standard: it is, “What saith the Lord!” A conscience not guided
by Scripture is a terrible tool in Satan’s hands. We have the Book containing the complete
revelation of the will of God: we are therefore responsible to know His will and to do it.
When some fresh ray of light shines in upon our souls, when some long-held tradition is
found out to be false, when some long-loved association is shown by the light of truth to be
an “unequal yoke”, a fellowship of darkness, and when through grace we renounce and
forsake it, with sorrow that we had continued so long in what was so contrary to the will of
God, we ought to confess our sins of ignorance. We shall then prove the grace of God and
appreciate the sufficiency of Christ, as the One who became the Sin-Offering for these very
sins committed ignorantly.

The sin-offering was to be “without blemish”. Jesus was “the Lamb without blemish and
without spot” (1 Pet 1:19). In Him was no sin. He “knew no sin” (2 Cor 5:21). He “did no sin”
(1 Pet 2:22). The sin-offering was “most holy” (Lev 6:25). It was presented before the Lord,
and the offerer identified himself with it. He “leaned” (as the word signifies) his hand upon
its head as if he had said, “I take this spotless victim to be my substitute; I lean my whole
weight upon its merit.” The offerer’s sin was charged upon the victim, and it was killed
before the Lord. Nothing short of death could satisfy the altar’s claims; but when the blood
was poured at its base all its demands were met. The “wages of sin is death”, and “Christ
died for our sins, according to the Scriptures” (1 Cor 15:3). This is the first note of the gospel
of God. Sinner, have you believed the message? To believe is to be forgiven; to receive the
testimony of God is to be eternally saved. The sacrifice has been offered, and when by faith I
lay my guilty hand upon His spotless head, and say, “He gave Himself for me,” I stand
discharged before the Court of Heaven — justified by His blood.

The fat was burned upon the altar. This was Jehovah’s portion. The excellency of Jesus was
fully appreciated by His God when He stood as our substitute bearing sin. Personally, He was
ever well-pleasing to Him. For at no time was Christ more entirely well-pleasing to His God
than when He offered Himself as a sacrifice for a “sweet-smelling savour” (Eph. 5:2).

The victim was carried without the camp and burnt. Jesus was cast out and forsaken of His
God when our sins were laid upon Him. It was then that the awful cry came from His lips —
“My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me?” It was there that the devouring flame
consumed the sin-offering. For the believer it is quenched for ever. The judgment of the
believer is past; there is now no condemnation. Take your stand, ye doubting saints, beside
the altar of the Lord. See “the blood” and the “fat”, the life and the excellency of Jesus,
given to God for you. It is enough. Justice asks no more. The righteous claims of God are
satisfied. Then look at that heap of ashes being scattered by the winds of heaven outside
the camp: they are the memorials of wrath appeased and of sin put away. Your sins are
gone — gone to return no more. “It is God that justifieth; who is he that condemneth?”
The burnt-offering, the meat-offering, and the peace-offering are all “sweet savour”
offerings. They were not carried forth without the camp and burnt up in the devouring fire,
but either wholly burnt upon the altar, or shared by the offerer and the priest.

THE BURNT-OFFERING is sometimes called the “ascending offering”, because the word
translated “burnt-offering” is “holah”, and means “that which ascends”. It was Jehovah’s
portion; it was wholly burnt upon the altar; it all ascended up to Jehovah in sweet fragrance,
affording Him satisfaction and delight.

The distinctive feature in the burnt-offering is, that it was wholly for Jehovah. The offerer
presented something to Him that gratified His heart, and in which he found delight. When
the offerer brought his sin-offering the language of his heart was, “I have sinned against the
Lord”; “I have done that which He commanded me not to do.” He came to God as the judge
of sin, bringing an offering to appease His wrath. When he brought his burnt-offering to the
altar he came bringing an offering for “His acceptance” (as Lev 1:3 ought to read). It was
something of value, giving pleasure and delight to Jehovah’s heart, which he personally
could not give. The burnt-offering presents to us in type the unreserved devotedness of the
Lord Jesus, His perfect surrender to God in life and in death. “He gave Himself without spot
to God” (Heb 9:14). “He gave Himself for us an offering and a sacrifice to God of a sweet-
smelling savour” (Eph. 5:2). All that He was, He was unto God, and “for us.”

The burnt-offering was all for Jehovah, yet it was offered for the offerer’s acceptance with
Him. The offerer stood with his hand upon the victim’s head as if he had said, “I have no
devotedness, no preciousness, but I present this perfect offering for my acceptance before
the Lord.” Thus he stood identified with, and accepted in, his offering. The whole of its value
became his own, the moment his hand was laid upon its head. It ceased that moment to be
a question of what he was, and became a question of what his offering was. Will it give
satisfaction? Will it be accepted by Jehovah?

How blessed it is for the soul to get a grasp of all this. To the believer in Christ it is no longer
“Just as I am,” but “Just as Thou art.” His own identity as a sinner is lost; he ceases to be
reckoned as a child of Adam before God; his own worthless self is blotted out; and he stands
identified with Christ henceforth and for ever. The value, the preciousness, the beauty of
the Son of God, are reckoned to be his own. He stands before God “in Christ”, accepted in
his representative. May the Holy Ghost make this plain to you, beloved friends. I know that I
cannot do it, but if He, the Spirit of truth, do but bring it home to your souls in power, it will
make you leap for very joy. It will dispel the fear and dark forebodings that hover around
the soul, as mists and storm-clouds flee before the rising sun. Some of you, I know, have
times of despondency and fear. You lose your peace and joy, and get away back to
“doubting castle,” to be under the power of “giant despair.” Then your souls go groping in
the dark, and sighing —

Do I love the Lord or no,

Am I His or am I not?

Your own unworthiness becomes the doleful dirge of your soul, and the memory of your
lack of devotedness and faithfulness to God almost brings you to despair. Now I would not
have you suppose that we ought to look upon these things lightly. I am sure that to learn
one’s own unworthiness is a wholesome and necessary lesson. To know by painful
experience that we have not loved the Lord with heart and soul and strength and mind, as
He commands, is painful knowledge to a truly quickened soul; but alongside of this, I desire
that we may see what God has done for us, where He has put us, and what He there
esteems us to be.

This is the lesson of the burnt-offering. The offerer came, conscious of his own
unworthiness, to offer a victim in his stead. It was killed before the Lord. Its life was taken
instead of his. Then it was flayed and divided. Its various parts were exposed to the light; it
was shown to be both inwardly and outwardly perfect. Then it was all raised upon the altar,
and from the copper grating upon which it lay the whole went up — a sweet savour (or, “a
savour of rest”) — unto Jehovah, and the offerer was accepted according to the value of the
offering. How sweetly does all this speak to us of Jesus. God has fulfilled the word uttered
on Mount Moriah long ago, and “provided Himself a Lamb for a burnt-offering” (Gen 22). He
found Him in His own bosom, the beloved of His heart. How dear, how precious to His
Father no human heart can conceive, no tongue can tell. But we do know this, and it is our
deepest joy, that the Father has fully estimated His worth and appreciated His excellency,
and we are accepted according to the measure of the Father’s delight in Him.

“There came a fire out from before the Lord and consumed upon the altar the burnt-
offering and the fat” (Lev 9:24). This was the witness of its acceptance (see Psa 20:3). The
burning of the offering here and the burning of the sin-offering outside the camp are very
different. Here it is the holy altar-fire feeding on a victim well-pleasing to Jehovah; there it is
the judgment-fire devouring a victim accursed because of sin. Indeed, a different Hebrew
word is used. The word “burn”, used in connection with the burnt-offering, means “to burn
as incense” (see Lev 1:9, 13, 15, 17); but the word used in connection with the sin-offering
means “to burn up or consume in devouring fire” (for its use see Lev 4:12; 6:30; Josh 7:15).
The Lord Jesus in His death had to do with both. Personally, He was the Holy One offered up
“without spot to God” and the fragrance of His offering went up as incense. However,
representatively “He was made sin” and a “curse” for us (2 Cor 5:21; Gal 3:13). The whole of
the offering was consumed. The head and the fat, the inwards and the legs, were all
reduced to ashes. Jehovah got all; nothing remained. How true was this of Jesus. His
thoughts, His hidden energies, His affections, and His ways were wholly devoted to God. Of
Him, and Him only, can it be said that “He loved the Lord His God with all His heart,
and all His soul, and all His strength, and all His mind,” and this He did continuously and
perfectly. If He thought, it was for God; if He preached or healed, it was not only for men’s
blessing, but for God’s glory. His time and His strength were all spent for God alone. His own
ease and comfort, His own loss or gain, never had a thought. Whether on the mountain all
night in prayer, or asleep on a pillow in a boat, all was for His God. He “set the Lord always”
before Him, and He “always did those things that pleased” His Father. O that men who
lightly speak or sing of being “wholly consecrated to God” and “having their all upon the
altar” would here see what it means. Jesus is the standard and the measure of “complete
surrender unto God”. Every other standard is a counterfeit and a fallacy.

To His worth the Father bore witness both in His life and death. When He stood in the
Jordan at His baptism and on the holy mount at His transfiguration, the Father’s voice was
heard saying, “This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased”. All that He was and all
that He is, is for us. He stands the representative of all His people. They are all viewed
as in Him, adorned with His beauty. The voice from heaven to us is, that we are “accepted in
the Beloved” (Eph 1:6), and that “the Lord taketh pleasure in His people” (Psa 149:4). Think
of this, ye doubting, downcast saints.

“Accepted” — not in your love or your faithfulness — but in “the beloved”. In Him who is the
Father’s delight. Accepted — according to the measure of the Father’s delight — in His own
beloved Son. This is the inalienable standing of the saints of God. The weakest babe in Christ
is adorned in His beauty, is a possessor of His life, and is loved as He is loved. We may all
take up the language of the hymn —

The love wherewith He loves the Son

Such is His love to me.

Do you really believe it, beloved? Have you in your heart said “amen” to it, and do you enjoy
its bliss from day to day? There is no “higher life” than this. This is the highest and best, and
it is the normal position of all the saints: the birthright and portion of all the family of God.
We must believe it to enjoy it. Put down your foot firmly, then, on the word—“Accepted in
the Beloved”. Make it your own; like the man who said, “I am poor, and black, and vile, but
in Christ Jesus I am holy, and pure, and fair, just because I’m in Him.”

THE MEAT OR MEAL-OFFERING, presents to us the perfectness of the human life of the Lord
Jesus, ending in death; the perfectness of His character as man, manifested in His life down
here. It was a sweet savour unto God; it was the food of the priest.

It was made of “fine flour”. Flour that had no need of bruising or sifting; there was no
roughness or unevenness in it. This is an emblem of the human nature of the Lord. As a man
He was perfect; there was no fibre of the fallen nature of man in Him; nothing that required
to be subdued or kept under. Chastening and bruising are often needed to make us bow to
the will of God. Not so our blessed Lord. His delight was to do His Father’s will; meekness
and submissiveness were naturally His. And what He was, He always was. We are one day
submissive, the next day fretful; sometimes bold, then timid; full of fervour and cold
alternately. Our Lord was ever the same. His submission to the Father’s will was as manifest
in the garden as on the hill of glory. His gentleness was not more apparent when the little
child lay in His arms than when His foes surrounded Him in the judgment hall.

Oil was poured upon it. Oil is the emblem of the Holy Spirit (see 1 John 2:27; 2 Cor 1:21-23).
Jesus was “anointed with the Holy Ghost and power” (Acts 10:38). All that He did was in the
power of the Spirit. His rebukes and His consolations, His service and His sufferings, were
all in the Spirit of God. He lived and walked, and, through the eternal Spirit, “offered Himself
without spot to God” (Heb 9:14).

Frankincense was put upon it. This is the type of purity and fragrance. The more it comes in
contact with the fire, its fragrance is increased. We know it was so with Jesus. His sorrows
and privations, and especially His sufferings on the cross, brought out the fragrance of His
character and manifested His moral glory.
“Ye shall burn no leaven”. Leaven is a corrupting thing, and always used in Scripture as the
emblem of evil. There was none of this evil principle in Jesus, His flesh saw no corruption.
“Neither any honey”. If leaven be the emblem of the sourness and corruption of man’s
nature, honey is the emblem of its sweetness. It is one of the sweetest things of earth, but it
very soon corrupts and becomes sour. It will not stand the fire. There was none of this in
Jesus. His love was not mere natural affection which is easily cooled. It stood the test
because it was the Love Divine, love that could stoop to wash the feet of one who was to
deny Him, and of others who were to forsake Him. How much of that which passes current
among the saints as love, turns out in the hour of trial to be but fermenting honey. It is mere
natural sweetness, and when crossed or slighted, it turns to sourness. Friendships and
fellowships based upon this effervescent kind of love, fade and fail. Love that details no
faithful wounds is not the love of Jesus. But love that cleaves to its object, through good and
evil report, rebuking and correcting it, studying not its own pleasure but the loved one’s
profit, is after the manner of the love of Christ to us.

Salt was the next ingredient. It is preservative in its nature. “Let your speech be always with
grace seasoned with salt” (Col 4:6). This element was ever manifested in the Lord. “The salt
of the covenant of His God” was never lacking in His dealings with man. In faithful love He
rebuked Martha and Peter among His own, and He denounced the hollow religion of the
Pharisees to their very face. He was “full of grace”, but it never degenerated into softness,
nor His rebukes into harshness.

THE PEACE-OFFERING. The distinguishing feature of this offering is that Jehovah, the priest,
and the offerer have all a portion in it. In this it differs from the burnt-offering. There, it was
Jehovah receiving His portion; the whole of it was consumed upon the altar. Here, it is
Jehovah satisfied, having received His portion, and now ministering to His people. It is pre-
eminently the communion offering. Communion with God, and with one another, are
typified here. To feed at the same table, to share the same portion, is the expressive type of
communion. And wondrous as the privilege may seem, yet it is nevertheless true, that we
have been called to the fellowship of the Father and His Son Jesus Christ. Less than this
could not have satisfied the love of the Father’s heart, more than this He could not give. Like
the prodigal of old, we have been welcomed to His heart, and seated with Him at His table,
and all this in perfect righteousness, and therefore in perfect peace. It is of the very utmost
importance that our souls should clearly apprehend the basis of this peace and communion,
and what is necessary for their enjoyment. “Peace with God” is not an unstable, flickering
experience, flowing from some spiritual attainment or inward sanctity. It is an unchangeable
reality, fruit of the finished work of Christ. Every charge that law and justice had against us
He met, and every lacking virtue He supplied, when He offered Himself to God for us. We
see this in the peace-offering. It tells us of the inward perfectness of the Lord Jesus,
presented to God for us.

The fat was all burned upon the altar. It was Jehovah’s portion. As all the “frankincense” of
the meat-offering was for Him, so was all the “fat” of the peace-offering. There were hidden
and inward excellences in the Lord Jesus that none on earth could value or appreciate. They
were exclusively Jehovah’s portion. The depth of the devotedness and the strength of the
love that dwelt within His holy soul none could fathom save His Father for “no man knoweth
the Son, but the Father”. Blessed to know that He has fully valued and appreciated His
excellency, and we are accepted before God in the full value thereof.

The kidneys were also offered. They typify the seat of the inward condition. The word is
sometimes translated “reins”. None but the Lord Jesus could invite the searching eye of Him
who saith, “I the Lord search the heart, I try the reins” to scan His inward parts, He only
could say, “Examine Me, O Lord, and prove Me; try My reins and My heart” (Psa 26:2); and
when He was tried and proved by the deep suffering of the cross, He was found to be
perfect inwardly as well as outwardly. With us it is not so. Our inward being is not fit for the
altar of God even after we have been “born again” and made partakers of the “divine
nature.” Who is there among us but knows that the carnal mind — the old man — is still
there as well? And this would of itself mar and disturb our peace and communion with God,
even were this evil principle never to bear its fruits in the form of active sin. The presence of
evil there would be unbearable to a soul knowing the nature and character of God but for
the virtues of the great peace-offering. But, blessed be God that in the riches of His grace He
has given us to know that our worthless, sinful selves are blotted out and buried out of His
sight, and that the sin that dwells within us is covered by the efficacy of the sacrifice of
Christ, thus enabling us to commune with God in peace, in spite of all that we feel and see
ourselves to be. We walk with God in the light, not because we never sinned, or have no sin
in us, but because “the blood of Jesus Christ, His Son, cleanseth us from all sin”. Our feet
stand upon redemption ground; our peace is made eternally secure through the blood of His
cross. The efficacy of that one oblation abides before God for ever, and for us. God is
satisfied in Christ. So are we. This is communion.

It is not our sanctity of heart or our spiritual attainments that are the ground of peace; nor is
it the work of the Holy Spirit within us. These are all fluctuating and imperfect as regards
their measure. The ground of peace is the finished and perfected work of Christ for us. That
is what we find typified in the peace-offering.

It was killed before the Lord. The blood was sprinkled upon the altar, and the fat and
inwards were burned for a sweet savour. The life and inward excellences were the portion
of Jehovah; He received His portion first, then the offerer and the priest each received their
portion. God being satisfied, a table was spread for man, and furnished with part of the
sacrifice already presented on the altar. The altar is the place of offering towards God.
The table, the place of God’s ministering towards His people. Such is the relation of the
Lord’s Supper to the cross. Apart from the cross, there could have been no table. It is the
memorial of what was accomplished at the cross, and the expression of the believer’s
fellowship in it. How daring an insult to God and to His Christ it is, to erect an altar in the
church, with man-made priests offering sacrifice for the living and the dead around it. It is a
subversion of the very foundations of the faith, and a flat denial of the finished work of
Christ. At the table we have fellowship with God in peace, over His beloved Son, and we
have fellowship one with another. What a sight! Every eye is fixed on Christ; every heart is
satisfied. The Father alone can rightly esteem the inward preciousness and devotedness of
His own Beloved, but we as priests can rejoice as we feed on the “wave breast” and “heave
shoulder” — the symbols of His love and power. How tender a pillow is His bosom for the
weary head! How strong is His mighty shoulder, for the weak and fainting soul!
We have now briefly sketched the varied offerings and sought to glean a few of their
simplest teachings, but “the half hath not been told”. When we stand before His glorious
throne, perfectly conformed to His image, the last trace of sin and fallen humanity gone and
forgotten, then — but not till then — shall we fully know the preciousness and worth of the
perfect sacrifice — the great peace offering.

The Laver

The Laver was the second vessel in the Court of the Tabernacle. It stood between the altar
of burnt-offering and the Holy Place. We are not told the shape or size of this vessel, nor do
we find any account of how it was carried along the desert. These are among “the secret
things that belong unto the Lord”, and we must not guess, or seek to be wise above that
which is written. The silence of the Scriptures in points such as these is as significant as it is
divine; there is no overlook, no forgetfulness on the part of the writer. The other vessels are
all described minutely in their length and breadth, as also the bars and rings by which they
were lifted from off the earth and borne upon the Levites’ shoulders during the march (see
Num 4). But in the instructions concerning the laver there is no command concerning rings
or staves. Is this an overlook? Nay, verily.

It had a foot of copper. In this it differed from all the other vessels. The bars and rings by
which they were raised up to be borne seem to indicate that, although they stood upon the
earth, yet they were not of it, but belonged to Heaven. They were shadows of heavenly
things, the enduring substance of which has its place in the heavenly sanctuary. The laver
having a foot connecting it with, yet raising it above the earth, may show that the line of
spiritual teaching in this vessel is connected with the earthly life and walk of a people whose
birth and citizenship is from Heaven. The present world is the sphere where the hands and
the feet of God’s redeemed require the use of the laver; it is only down here, amid the
defilements and pollutions of earth, that its gracious ministry is needed, for once up there,
the feet of the saints can contract no defilement. The street of gold, like unto transparent
glass upon which they stand, shall for ever reflect their purity. Corresponding with this, we
have in the book of Revelation — itself a book of signs and symbols — allusion made to all
the furniture of the Temple or Tabernacle, but there is no mention made of the laver or
brazen sea. In striking contrast, we behold there a sea of glass reflecting the unsullied
beauty of the redeemed. The last stain has been washed from off the feet; earth’s sands
defile no more; the saints are glorified in the image of their Lord, and the laver and brazen
sea are no longer needed. Blessed future! Holy, happy prospect of the child of God!

It was made from the brazen looking-glasses of the women of Israel (Exod 38:8). The
looking-glass reflects one’s self. It shows the beauties or deformities of the person, but
cannot alter either. It reveals defilement, but cannot take it away. The woman’s beauty is
her distinctive mark; she would therefore naturally value that which shows it, but the
mirrors were gladly given up to make a laver for the priests of God. This was a precious fruit
of grace. Have you ever given up anything for God, dear fellow-saints? Has the grace of God
got such a hold of your heart that things once too fondly loved have been surrendered to
Jesus? There are many who profess to admire the “beauty of the Lord”, and to esteem the
“Man of Sorrows” to be the “altogether lovely,” who yet adorn themselves in the grandeur
of the earth, and seek to be well thought of in the world that rejected and cast out their
Lord. Such have never yet really seen the “present evil age” and the “end of all flesh” from
God’s standpoint; they view themselves in their own mirrors, and think and speak well of
themselves. But the thoughts of man are not the thoughts of God; therefore we must
surrender all our own ideas and fancies, and submit ourselves to the judgment of the Lord.
The moment we do so, accepting His verdict and sentence, we learn how God in grace has
provided that which cleanses us from spiritual defilement and that fits us for His Holy
temple.

The laver was filled with water, and thereat the priests washed their hands and feet as they
went into the Holy Place to worship and as they came out to the altar to serve. The neglect
of this was death. There was no worship conducted at this vessel — there was no blood-
shedding connected with it — and yet there could have been no worship nor service
without its use. It was the daily need of the priests; by its use they were kept in a condition
of cleanness in which they could exercise the functions of their priestly office before the
Lord and toward His people. How infinitely precious are the lessons to be learned by us at
the side of the laver; how practical and searching are the truths conveyed to us in this
expressive type! May the Holy Spirit guide us into the truth, and give us honest hearts and
tender consciences, while it searches us as with a lighted candle. We have seen in the altar
and its sacrifices the work of Christ accomplished for us, and our acceptance before God
according to the value of that work. It is all reckoned or imputed to us the moment we
believe, and this once for all. The believer is regarded as standing in Christ, eternally
cleansed, eternally accepted, by virtue of the once-offered sacrifice. There is no repetition
of this act, no “fresh application of the blood”, as it is sometimes called. He is abidingly
brought into a relationship with God, where he is regarded as “clean every whit”, and
“sanctified once for all”; and all this is inalienably and eternally his, through a work
accomplished for him by another. The teaching of the laver is entirely different. It speaks of
a work accomplished in us by the Word and the Spirit of God. It goes on continuously from
day to day. There is no stage or condition of Christian life on earth where it can be said to be
completed. There is no possible state or experience attainable here when a saint may do
without this cleansing at the laver, and it is truly sad that some should think and speak as
though it were otherwise.

There were two distinct washings of the priesthood. In order to understand the teaching
conveyed by the laver it is necessary to remember this. The priests on the day of their
consecration were brought up to the door of the Tabernacle and washed all over with water
by Moses (see Exod 29:4; Lev. 8:6). This was the first act in their consecration. No holy
garment, no anointing oil was put upon them until they were “washed”, and not till then
were they allowed to pass within the Holy Place to worship God. This washing was
performed for them by another; they had no hand in it at all. Throughout the entire period
of their priesthood this act was never repeated. This accords with the “laver of
regeneration” (Titus 3:5, R.V.). The word in Exodus 29:4, translated “wash”, signifies “to
wash all over”, and is different from the word used in connection with the laver (Exod 3:18).
It is a washing that must take place before the place of worship and service can be entered,
and having been once accomplished, the priest stands under its abiding efficacy. It is so with
the second birth, the washing of regeneration. No man can worship God until he has been
born again; he cannot enter the presence of God to commune with Him until he has
received a nature that enables him to do so. Let this be clearly understood. Man in his
natural state can neither appreciate anything that is of God nor do anything well-pleasing to
Him. He may be clever and intellectual, or even moral and religious, but until he has been
born from above, his place is outside the circle of the family of God, and outside the circle of
the worship and service of the heavenly priesthood. He dare not cross the threshold of the
Holy Place, until by the sovereign act of God’s grace, he is pronounced “clean every whit”,
his heart sprinkled from an evil conscience, his body washed with pure water.

Here, in passing, let me ask you to pause and consider whether this washing has ever taken
place in your case? Has there been a moment in your life’s history when you were brought
face to face with the living God and stripped of all your fancied goodness. Have you, like
Joshua the high priest (Zech 3), been stripped of the filthy rags of your self-righteousness,
and clothed in the “garments of glory and beauty” of God’s providing? Have you ever been
truly brought to God — converted — born again? Whatever may be your position in the
professing church on earth, let me solemnly assure you that apart from this, you will find no
place in the kingdom of God. Nicodemus was brought up to the door of that Kingdom, and
told by the Son of God that unless he was “born again” he could neither “see” nor “enter” it,
and the words remain unaltered for ever.

The priests once cleansed, and their consecration completed, might enter the Holy Place;
indeed it was now to be their home. Its boards enclosed them, its curtains overshadowed
them, they walked in the light of its candlestick, and fed on its bread. When they went forth
to do service for God, toward the leper or the unclean, it was as those whose abiding place
was in the covert of His Tabernacle. The place of the unclean was foreign to their nature,
their home was with God. O that it were always so with us, beloved. When we go forth to
preach the gospel to the sinner, do we go as priests in communion with God? When we go
forth to seek to win an erring brother, do we always go forth as from the Holy Place, in the
power of communion with God? When we walk in the world do we tread it as a strange
country? How true and real our work for God would be if it were always so with us. What an
antidote to the busy, fruitless labour of the flesh is this abiding in the presence of God. May
we prove it so from day to day.

The laver was placed between the altar and the door, and the priests were commanded to
wash their hands and feet thereat. It was an easy matter for the once-cleansed hands and
feet to contract defilement. The hands constantly working in the service of God at the altar,
the feet ever walking on the desert sand, would be in continuous need of washing, and for
this the water in the laver was given. No unclean priest was allowed to minister to the Lord
on penalty of death — for “Holiness becometh Thine House, O Lord, for ever.”

This is a solemn truth. It speaks to us of the condition of soul necessary for those who
worship and serve the living God. One might be a priest and yet, because of uncleanness
upon him, become unfit to exercise the functions of His priestly office. So may one who is
truly a child of God, but living in habitual neglect of God’s Word, or in unjudged,
unconfessed sin, have no present communion with God, or ability to serve or worship Him.
The priest’s title to enter was the blood of the sacrifice, but the condition necessary for the
using of that title was that his hands and feet had been cleansed with water. This bespeaks
the title and condition necessary to communion with God. Spiritual life is not all; there must
be a walk in the light, self-judgment, and a continual testing and cleansing of all our works
and ways by the Word of God, if we would walk with Him. The Word of God is the means by
which the Lord keeps His people clean and in condition for communion and service. “By
what means shall a young man cleanse his way? By taking heed thereto, according to Thy
word (Psa 119:9). “Sanctify them through Thy truth: Thy Word is truth” (John 17:17).

To neglect the judgment of our works and ways by the Word is to thwart the Lord’s purpose
in our sanctification and the purification of us as a peculiar people to Himself. In John 13 we
see the Lord as the girded servant washing His disciples’ feet — cleansing that from them
which would have hindered them from having part with Him. Here we have the same
lesson. He lives in heaven above, our great High Priest; His Word is with us here, to cleanse
and keep us in communion with Him. When we come to that Word with honest hearts,
prepared to do whatever it commands, and to renounce whatever it condemns, He applies
it to us, and thus we are separated from every evil work and way, and cleansed from all
unrighteousness. If we refuse to allow Him to separate evil from us, by the cleansing of the
Word, He will tell us, as He did of old, “If I wash thee not, thou hast no part with Me,” and
thus it is that communion is broken; the conscience becomes clogged, and an open fall
ensues.

May it be our conscious experience, as it is our privilege, to walk daily in His light, saying,
“Search me, O God, and know my heart; try me and know my thoughts” (Psa 139:23), and
when He shows us some evil way, some defiling spot, may we at once submit our feet to
Him and have it cleansed away.

The Sockets of Silver

We have now to consider the foundation and frame-work of the Tabernacle — the sockets
of silver, the boards of shittim wood overlaid with gold, and the bars with their rings of gold;
or, in other words, the foundation, the walls, and that which bound the walls together.

We have seen on former evenings that the Tabernacle was the first dwelling-place of God
on this earth, and that it was typical of the church, His present habitation among men. As
the glory dwelt of old within the boards and curtains of that mystic tent in the wilderness,
and nowhere else on earth, even so now is the presence of God known among those who
“are builded together for an habitation of God through the Spirit” (Eph 2:22). There was no
Gentile temple, however gorgeous or magnificent, that could claim to be the dwelling-place
of Jehovah of Israel. Their pomp and grandeur might attract the kings of earth, and draw
thousands to worship around their shrine, but the chosen habitation of the God of Heaven
was a humble tent constructed according to His own pattern, and ordered according to His
own will — the place where His authority was owned and His commands obeyed. We read
concerning the building of it, that “behold they had done it as the Lord had commanded,
even so had they done it” (Exod 39:43); and the response of Jehovah to His people’s
obedience is recorded in the thrilling words — “So Moses finished the work. Then a cloud
covered the tent of the congregation, and the glory of the Lord filled the Tabernacle” (Exod
40:33-34). Blessed, but solemn, is the lesson here taught us. The place where the presence
and power of the Lord are manifested must be one of His own constructing and ordering.
The traditions and will of man must have no place or authority there. Had there been a pin
or bar awanting, or a single knop or flower too many, I verily believe that the Lord would not
have sanctioned the self-will or disobedience of the people by coming down to dwell in that
Tabernacle. But everything was done according to His will, and He came down and took
possession of His house with all His heart. The age in which we live is one of spiritual things;
the habitation of God is therefore “a spiritual house,” and built of living stones (1 Pet 2:5).
Such is the Church of the living God. It is composed of men and women who have life in
Christ, and of no other. The unconverted have no place, no portion there. This is the first
essential thing — that those who compose the building be living souls, all born from above.
But this of itself is not enough. They must he builded together according to God’s pattern.
They must be gathered unto Christ, and according to the Word of God. The order of their
worship, their ministry, and rule must be “as the Lord hath commanded,” before they can
expect or count upon the promised presence of the Lord, or be accounted His house. To be
God’s house, His habitation, His church, is much more than is often supposed. It is a
conditional privilege, and may be forfeited (Heb 3:6; Rev 2:5), although the ultimate
salvation of the individuals who compose it never can. Moreover, the introduction of false
material, either in the case of false disciples or bad doctrine being brought into the building,
will defile it and bring it under the present judgment of the Lord (1 Cor 3:16-17; 1 Pet 4:17).
May our hearts and ways be so ordered before our God, beloved, that as individuals He can
come to dwell and walk with us, and then when we gather together unto His blessed Name,
He may dwell and walk among us with complacency and joy.

We will now look at the foundation of silver. Each of the 48 boards stood upon two silver
sockets. The shifting sand of the desert afforded no solid base on which to erect the shittim
boards. They were built upon a foundation of God’s own providing. It was both valuable and
enduring. If we turn to Exodus 30:11-16 we shall see whence this silver came. It was
the atonement money of the people. In the day of Israel’s numbering, every man whose
name went down in the Book of Numbers brought half a shekel of silver as a ransom for his
soul. It mattered not of what tribe he was, or of what pedigree; he might be able to tell out
all this with perfect clearness, yet his name could not be enrolled among the people of God
until the atonement money had been paid. The evident meaning of the type is, that it is not
natural birth or training that gives a man his place among the people of God, but
REDEMPTION, of which this atonement silver is a type. Like the Jews in the days of our
Lord’s life on earth who boasted, “We have Abraham to our father”, while they were utterly
destitute of Abraham’s faith, so there are many now-a-days who make their boast in the
religion of their forefathers, and garnish the tombs of the martyrs, while they reject the Son
of God and deny the efficacy of His blood. But “it is the blood that maketh an atonement for
the soul” (Lev 17:11), and apart from that blood, and faith in Him who shed it, no name of
any child of Adam can ever be written in “the Lamb’s book of life”. I beseech you to make no
mistake on this point, dear friends. You are aware that all round there are men now
preaching against the “blood of Christ” as that which brings the sinner nigh to God. They tell
us that man is not a fallen being, but that there is some good principle in him, which, if it be
properly nursed and cared for, will develop and make the man all right at last. Now this
would be salvation apart from the blood of Christ, apart from redemption and regeneration.
It is as if one was to say, “Your name will be enrolled among the people of God without any
atonement money being paid.” How utterly false is such a delusion! How awful the doom of
the propagators of such a soul-destroying lie! Let us take heed and beware, lest the
polluting stream come in contact with our spirits. Let God’s people turn their backs straight
upon all these emissaries of Satan, and not lend their ears to such preaching, even although
it may be popular and the preachers themselves fill high places in the churches and
universities.

The poor and the rich were to pay alike. At other times, when the people were bringing their
free-will offerings to the Lord, each gave according to his ability — the rich more, the poor
less, but in the matter of atonement all were alike. It is a sweeping and a humbling truth
that “there is no difference” (Rom 3:22), but it is the truth of God, and men must submit to
it. The prince and the beggar, the drunkard and the Church member, must be saved exactly
in the same way.

It is to this atonement silver that allusion is made in 1 Peter 1:18-19 — “Ye were not
redeemed with corruptible things such as silver and gold, but with the precious blood of
Christ.” And again, “The church of the Lord, which He purchased with His own blood” (Acts
20:28, R.V.). REDEMPTION, by the blood of Christ, is the foundation on which the sinner
rests. As the tenon (or hand) of the board took hold of the silver socket, so does the sinner’s
faith lay hold on Christ as his redemption. This is the rock on which he builds — “all other
ground is sinking sand.” Let all make sure work that they are resting wholly and solely on
Christ, and not partly on the sockets and partly on the sand of their own works. How easy it
would have been in the bustle to slip the tenon past the socket and into the sand. Easier far
for a sinner to miss Christ and build on something else. But the testing day is coming when
the storm shall test every man’s foundation — and, O! what gaps may be made, even
among those who were supposed to be the people of God.

In the rearing up of the Tabernacle the sockets of silver were the first part of the work.
Before a board was reared or a pin put in the Merarites laid down on the bare sand of the
desert the massive silver sockets. There could have been no building apart from these.
Corresponding with this, we find the Apostle Paul going into the city of Corinth, when no
vestige of a church was there, and preaching “Christ, and Him crucified” (1 Cor 2:2), as the
foundation for the sinner. We read that “many believed” (Acts 18:8), and he went on for “a
year and six months teaching the Word of God among them.” This was the founding of the
“church of God which is at Corinth” (1 Cor 1:2). The Apostle tells us in Ch 3:10-11 that Christ
was the foundation of their fellowship in the church as He had been of their salvation. The
names of Paul and Apollos were not linked with Christ in the one or in the other, and this is
the true foundation of the fellowship of the church. We are “called unto the fellowship of
His Son Jesus Christ our Lord” (1 Cor 1:9). Sectarian names must have no part in it, nor
sectarian doctrines either. These scatter and divide, but His name and His Word gather into
one and build up and bind together. While we glory in His dear Name alone as the
foundation of our eternal salvation, let us hold it dear also as the foundation of our
fellowship one with another as the Lord’s redeemed.

The Boards of Shittim Wood (Exod 26:15-25)

The framework of the Tabernacle consisted of boards of shittim wood. Twenty boards on
the north side, twenty on the south, and eight along the western end. Each of the boards
had two tenons by which it was connected with the two sockets of silver underneath. Each
of these boards represents a sinner saved by sovereign grace, who, having died as a child of
Adam, has been raised up from the dead, quickened into newness of life, and stands before
God in Christ a member of the new creation. But let us see how all this was brought about.
These boards were once in a different state. They were once stately acacia trees planted in
the earth. The earth upheld them, its sap sustained them. Their roots were in and of the
earth. But Jehovah had need of them for the building of His dwelling place, and the day
came for the axe to be laid at their roots. They were cut down; they died to the earth; their
connection with it was for ever severed. And such is the case with everyone in God’s holy
dwelling-place now being built upon the foundation Jesus Christ. They were once in and of
the world, part of the old creation, men in the flesh. Their glory was like the “green bay
tree”, their life was of the world, they minded earthly things. But the sharp and mighty axe
of truth, powerful in the Spirit’s hand, fell upon the heart and conscience. It brought them
low, confessing — “We all do fade as a leaf ”; our hope “hath He removed like a tree” (Isa
64:6; Job 19:10). Such is the first step in true conversion to God. There must be a “breaking
down” before there can be a “raising up”. This is the unequivocal testimony of the
Scriptures, and in every case of conversion to God recorded therein we find the order is the
same. Sinners were broken down before God. They were made to bow and own their lost
condition. Pride was levelled and earthly glory brought to the dust. The proud Pharisee on
his way to Damascus was thrown to the ground — literally, no doubt — but his boasted
human righteousness and pride were brought down as well. He could say, “I have been
crucified with Christ, and it is no longer I that live” (Gal 2:20, R.V.). “I have suffered the loss
of all things, and do count them but dung” (Phil. 3:8). Here was a breaking down, a laying of
the axe at the root of the tree. See, again, the jailer at Philippi. The earthquake shook the
prison; the power of God awakened the jailer and made him cry out, “What must I do to be
saved?” (Acts 16:30). The three thousand converted on the day of Pentecost were “pricked
in their hearts” and cried, “What shall we do?” (Acts 2:37). Such is the way of God. This
element is sadly lacking now-a-days in much that professes to be the work of God. There is
extremely little of true breaking down; indeed, there is little of the kind of preaching that
produces it. Men in general are far too honey-mouthed and afraid to offend their hearers to
tell out the honest truth of God. There are few of the Jeremiah stamp of men, whose
ministry and appointed work it is “to root out and to pull down”. Seldom were they more
needed. Sinners are hugged and dandled into a sound but fatal sleep of self-security. They
know the gospel in the letter, they profess to believe it to be true, but there is no cutting off
from the world, no mark of divine life in their souls. Let me put this question straight to your
souls — have you ever been brought low before God? Have you ever bowed and owned
yourself a lost, ungodly sinner, fit only for the burning? Has your pride and earthly glory
been brought to the dust? It matters little what you know or do if you have not come down
from your dignity; you must be brought down now, or in hell. What a down-coming yet
awaits the proud and haughty sinner. Down in the deep darkness of a lost eternity he will
find all distinctions levelled, his companions demons, his associates the vile and refuse of
earth. But we would not have anyone suppose that we deem it essential to true conversion
that there must be what has been called a “striking down” — followed by a period of
unconsciousness. No doubt, in times of special visitation, such things have occurred, and
they not unfrequently have been made use of by the devil to turn people’s eyes to such
experiences and away from Christ. Lydia’s heart was quietly opened at the river-side, no
outward demonstration occurred. Hundreds have in like manner quietly passed from death
to life. The point we insist on is this — no matter how or where it takes place — that the
sinner must go down before God. He must allow the piercing edge of God’s truth to
penetrate his soul, laying him bare and bringing him down, before he can be raised up a
converted man — a man in Christ.

The next point is, the tree was stripped of its boughs and cut down to the size prescribed by
God. It is after conversion that the “stripping process” begins in right earnest. As the truth of
God is allowed to act on the believer’s conscience he finds there are many superfluous
things about him that require to be “laid aside”, things which in the days of his worldliness
he considered to be right and proper, but they must now be “put off”. They may not be “vile
and refuse”, but they are not of the new creation; they are not consistent with his standing
as a “citizen of heaven”; not in concord with a pilgrim character on earth. It requires no
pressure to make him lay these aside. The sanctifying power of the Word effects the change
as he submits his life and ways to the truth. The truth, in the power of the Spirit acting upon
him, strips and fashions him according to the will of God. This is practical sanctification; too
practical to be adopted by mere professors of religion. Often have we seen such people turn
suddenly round and walk no longer with us when the “stripping” and “squaring” process
begins. The preaching of grace attracted them in crowds; they extolled the preacher and the
preaching, but immediately that the truth was brought to bear upon their life and walk and
the claims of God told out from His Word they turned on the heel, like Pilate, asking —
“What is truth?” and made off as quickly as possible. The men of Nazareth would listen to
the “gracious words” that proceeded from the Master’s lips, but when He said, “I tell you of
a truth”, they threatened to cast Him over the brow of the hill (Luke 4:22-29). Thus it will be
to the end wherever “grace and truth” are preached.

The boards were next overlaid with gold. Their natural beauty was taken from them, and
divine beauty and glory given instead. Thus it is with the child of God. He may have no
comeliness in the eyes of men, but the eyes of his God see him to be perfect in beauty,
through the comeliness that He has put upon him (Ezek. 16:14). He stands before God
“accepted in the beloved” — complete in Christ. Thus board after board was cut down and
raised up, passing in type through death and resurrection to fill its place in the dwelling-
place of God, and thus, in far more wondrous grace, are a people now being gathered out
from the world — a people who have died and risen with Christ to be builded together into
an habitation of God in the Spirit (Eph 2:22, R.V.).

The Bars (Exod 26:26-29)

The boards of shittim wood were framed together by bars of the same material overlaid
with gold. The truth here taught in type concerns the fellowship and unity of the people of
God. Each board stood erect on its own foundation. It had an individual standing of its own
independent of all others. This shows the individual salvation and standing of the saints.
Each board was bound to the one beside it and to all the rest by bars of shittim wood. This
shows the fellowship and unity of the saints.

The type reveals to us how Divine unity is formed and sustained and how it may be
manifested. We are not only units, nor do our privileges and responsibilities begin and end
with ourselves. We have been bound up in the bundle of life with our fellow-saints, and the
grace that made us members of the family of God had laid upon us the responsibility of
being our brother’s keeper. There is in the Scripture a vast, unique, and wide-spreading
circle of truth presenting privileges and responsibilities to the saints of the present age
concerning unity, which was unknown in ages past. We are verily guilty if we allow all this to
lie unheeded, under the pretext that we are more deeply concerned about our individual
life and walk than in seeking the salvation of the lost. These things have their ordered
places, and ought to get the prominence due to them in the minds and activities of the
saints, but surely not to the exclusion of the all weighty line of truth given by the same Lord
to His people concerning their fellowship and responsibilities toward their fellow-saints and
brethren. Of these it truly may be said, “These aught ye to have done, and not to leave the
other undone” (Matt 23:23).

The bars are five in number. They are first described generally, then particularly. Special
attention is directed to the middle bar. We read in Ch 26:28, “And the middle bar in the
midst of the boards shall reach from end to end”, and in further explanation of this we read
in Ch 36:33 — “And He made the middle bar to shoot through the boards from one end to
the other.” The middle bar would thus bind all the boards together. The many boards by it
were framed into one tabernacle, and thus formed a manifest visible unity. An onlooker
could see the outward unity of the board but not the bar that formed and sustained it. It
was hid within the heart of the boards where no rude hand of man could break or displace
it. And thus it is with that which binds together and unites the saints of God. The saints of
God are one — one with Christ and one with each other. No power on earth or in hell can
pluck the feeblest lamb from the Shepherd’s bosom or wrench the feeblest member from
the body of Christ. The deep mysterious oneness that exists between the Risen Head and
His members is Divine and eternal. So is the union of the members one with another. The
Church, viewed as the body of Christ, embraces every child of God throughout the world.
It includes all who have life in Christ, and excludes all who are dead in sin.

But there is another aspect of the Church presented in the Scriptures: that is, as gathered
together unto Christ on earth, as God’s witness in a dark and evil world. It is concerning the
Church in this aspect that the type before us speaks. We see here how a company of the
people of God are divinely gathered and fitly framed together. Such was the Church which
was at Jerusalem (Acts 8:1), the Church of God which was at Corinth (1 Cor 1:2), and the
churches of Galatia (Gal 1:2). They were composed of believers only, and they were
gathered unto God’s centre and united in God’s way. They are the divine pattern of
churches of God. As the bar in “the midst” of the boards united them all, so does the Lord
“in the midst” unite His gathered saints. Once in cold contempt and scorn they crucified Him
with robbers, “On either side one, and Jesus in the midst” (John 19:18). On that centre cross
every eye was fixed. The holy sufferer there was the object of derision, and upon Him alone
the mob did vent their hatred and their scorn. By-and-bye, when the ransomed throng,
completed and glorified, shall gather around the throne, the “Lamb in the midst” shall be
the object of their worship and the theme of their song. “Jesus in the midst” of that bright
glory shall be their centre, and His dear, uniting name alone shall beam on every brow.
Other names and other bonds of union shall have no place there. Down below on the earth,
the “outcasts of Israel” and the “dispersed of Judah,” so long scattered and peeled, will be
gathered in blessed union, their envies and their jealousies gone, united by the same
endearing Name, for, “Unto Him shall the gathering of the people be” (Gen 49:10). During
the present age of His rejection by the world, the promise is yea and amen to us, that
“where two or three are gathered together in My Name, there am I in the midst” (Matt
18:20). This is the centre and the rallying point for the saints of God, and where His Name
and His Person alone are sought unto there will be unity, blessed and Divine. It was so in the
beginning. Sects and parties bearing different names had no place in the early Church.

The saints were of one heart and soul,

And love Divine inspired the whole.

By-and-bye, men began to force their pet doctrines into undue prominence, and from
among their “own selves did men arise, speaking perverse things to draw away the disciples
after them” (Acts 20:30, R.V.). The factions thus created by these doctrines soon began to
assume more definite form, and other names came to the front alongside the name of Jesus
“One saith, I am of Paul; and another, I of Apollos” (1 Cor 1:12). Sectarianism, created and
fostered within the hearts of the saints, appeared in outward form. Sects and parties sprang
bearing the names of their founders, or of their peculiar doctrines, and thus the leaven
wrought until, after centuries of divisions, secessions, and disruptions, the professing church
of Christ presents to an infidel and the scoffing world, the divided, Babel-like front of several
hundreds of sects, each clamouring for the mastery and the credit of being the true church.
Some of these are grossly unclean, and their doctrine entirely destitute of truth. Some are
more evangelical in doctrine, but miserably corrupt in practice; while others are largely
composed of those who neither have themselves been converted, nor believe that any one
else can be sure of being saved. The unhappy saints who are mixed up in this mass of
confusion and iniquity, groaning over the sad state of affairs, are glad to escape from their
trammels at times, to get a handful of the corn of heaven wherever they can find it. Hid
among the wreckage, few of the saints know each other, and they who are to dwell
together in the Father’s house for ever, are all but strangers to each other here. Efforts have
been often made to bring about a change, and draw the saints together. Prayer Unions,
Evangelistic Unions, and Young Men’s Associations have been formed. Conferences and tea-
meetings have been held, and many other schemes devised to draw together and unite the
scattered sheep of the blood bought flock of God. It has been found to be profitable and
refreshing thus to meet, discarding all sectarian names and ecclesiastical titles, simply as
disciples of the one and only Lord. The saints have strengthened one another’s hands, and
sought to encourage one another’s hearts in God, like David and Jonathan in the wood; but,
strange to say, many have parted to return to their favourite sects again, and to support the
creeds and associations that keep them sundered from each other. The roots of
sectarianism are left unjudged, and its trammels bind them still. The saints who meet
around a common tea-table to enjoy the fellowship of one another refuse to gather around
the table of the Lord together. If it be so passing sweet to meet around the one dear name
on a week-day or at a conference, why should they not continually do so? The one uniting
name and person is surely the same yesterday, today, and for ever, and would gather and
bind them together continually on earth as He will in heaven. If the saints of God would
judge the sin of sectarianism in their hearts and purge themselves out from the mixed
multitude gathering unto Jesus Christ the Lord, they would surely prove the power and
blessedness of the word, “Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell
together in unity” (Psa 133:1), and under the shepherd rule of the Lord Jesus they would be
made once more as one flock to lie down in green pastures by the waters of quietness.
The boards were bound together outwardly by four bars of shittim wood passed through
rings of gold. In early days, when “all who believed were together,” when the saints were of
one heart and soul, and when around the unseen but real presence they were gathered, we
read that “they continued steadfastly in the apostles’ doctrine and fellowship, and in
breaking of bread and in prayers” (Acts 2:42). These were the outward bars that bound
them together and pressed them to the centre. The “apostles’ doctrine” — as it is to be
found in the Word — the faith once delivered to the saints in its entirety and purity must be
held fast and submitted to, if a church is to be preserved in unity; perfectly joined together
of one accord and of one mind. No part brought into undue prominence; no part
suppressed. This is where the germ of division has its rise, and where associations and
unions fail. An association formed on the principle that certain truths must not be
mentioned is an association of sects. It is not united by the “apostles’ doctrine”, and cannot
be of God. The doctrine forms the “fellowship”, “the breaking of bread” expresses it, and
“the prayers” lay hold on God for power to sustain it. The ring is the emblem of love. The
truth must be held and used in love, not in pride or bigotry. “This is the love of God, that we
keep His commandments” (1 John 5:3), and “By this shall all men know that ye are My
disciples if ye have love one to another” (John 13:35).

The Coverings and the Curtains

There were two sets of coverings and two sets of curtains. The coverings consisted of an
outer covering of badgers’ skins and an inner covering of rams’ skins dyed red. The outer set
of curtains was of goats’ hair, and the inner set of fine linen, with blue, purple, and scarlet.
The outer set of curtains is properly named “the tent”, and the inner set “the Tabernacle”.
We will consider them in their typical character as pointing onward to Christ, in whom the
Father dwelt, also to the church of God corporately, and the saints individually, in whom He
now dwells and walks.

1. THE COVERING OF BADGERS’ SKINS

This was the outermost and visible covering. It was to protect from the sun’s scorching rays
and from the storms of the desert. It had no form or comeliness, and there was no outward
beauty to attract the gaze of men. The Tabernacle was all glorious within, with boards
overlaid with gold and curtains of needlework, but these were only seen by God’s anointed
priest who stood within the holy place. The badgers’ skin is mentioned once again in
Scripture, and there as used for sandals to separate from and to protect the feet of God’s
redeemed on the burning sands of the desert (Ezek 16:10). The badger’s skin is therefore
connected with the separation and earthly pilgrim character of the people of God. It gives
them protection from that which would hurt them in such a character. The type had its full
answer in the Lord Jesus while He lived on earth.

Fairest of the fair, “Chiefest among ten thousand”, to those who knew Him, yet despised
and rejected of men, the marred visage of the Man of Sorrows presented no attraction to
the eye of the world. They saw a lonely man without an earthly home. They saw Him weep
and heard Him sigh, but they desired Him not, nor cared to ask from whence He came.
Enough for them to know He was “the carpenter”, the son of Mary, the Nazarene. With
mocking scorn and ribald jest they hurried the Man of Sorrows to the cross. Oh that our
souls may earnestly gaze upon that sight! The thorn-crowned brow, the cruel, heartless
mob, the foul and base reproach they heaped upon the dear and holy sufferer. Such was the
world then, such was the treatment of the Son of God, and such is the world still and ever
will be. As our souls gaze upon that blessed face we shall grow like Him; as we grow like Him
we shall suffer shame and reproach for His name. How little of this reproach is known by the
saints of God. Many are reigning now where He was cast out, and caressed where He was
scorned. Is it so with you, beloved? Have you gained the world’s approving smile? Is your
name in fame and esteem among His foes? Surely, if it be so, you must be very unlike your
Lord. But the offence of the cross and the reproach of Christ yet remain to all who follow
the despised and rejected Nazarene. Suffering and shame will attend their steps. Tears and
sobs will often mark their path. The reigning time will come, and for that let us patiently
wait. The Nazarene shall yet be seated on His throne, the pierced hand shall hold the
sceptre of universal power, and on the brow, once rudely wreathed with thorns, shall rest
the many crowns. The badger’s skin covering shall then be rolled off, and a glorious Church
shall be presented to her heavenly bridegroom.

Thou too shalt reign, He will not wear His crown of joy alone,
And earth, His royal Bride shall sit, beside Him on His Throne.

2. THE COVERING OF RAMS’ SKINS DYED RED

This is the type of consecration unto death. The ram was used for sacrifice, notably so in the
consecration of the priesthood (Lev 8). As the lamb typifies the meek and lowly Jesus
submissive unto death, so the ram speaks of the vigour and strength of the Lord, and of that
fixed purpose of heart which led Him on in the path of unreserved devotedness to God even
unto death. The ram’s skin put upon the Tabernacle reminds us of the setting apart of the
Church unto God; as the blood put upon the ear, the hand, and the foot of the priest
reminds us of our members being redeemed and cleansed by Him. Consecration is a very
real and intensely practical thing. It is not an outward action, but a deep-seated fixed
purpose of heart. It includes a great deal more than is attached to the term by those who
speak of “entire consecration”. It is very easy for the lip to sing —

“My all is on the altar;” and

“Take my life and let it be;
Consecrated Lord to Thee.”

but are we in truth prepared for this? We learn the meaning of “entire consecration” by the
side of the cross. That holy, devoted One who “set His face steadfastly” to the place of
death, “despising the shame”, is the example and measure of “entire consecration”.

“Unmoved by Satan’s subtle wiles,

By suffering, shame, and loss;
His path, uncheered by earthly smiles,
Led only to the Cross.”

We are called to follow in His steps and to yield ourselves to God. An apostle once could say,
“I am ready to die for the name of the Lord Jesus”, and he suffered the loss of all for Christ.
This is an easy-going age. Grace is preached, but its demands are little heard of. The claims
of Christ as Lord are deemed to be “non-essential”, and true devotedness is branded a
legality. Blessed it is to know that our Lord can duly estimate, and will one day own that true
consecration which brought upon His loved ones here the merciless judgment of their carnal
brethren and the calumny and scorn of the world. His hand shall yet roll off the badger’s
skin that covers it now, and for this let us patiently wait.

3. THE CURTAINS OF GOATS’ HAIR

They were the memorials of atonement made. The daily sin-offering was a kid of the goats
(Num 28:15); and for the cleansing from sin — the goat was the chosen victim (see Lev 16).
The double curtain hung above the door may indicate that the only ground of approach to
God was by sin being put away, and that the memorial thereof was continually before the
eye of the priest as he entered the sanctuary of God. The curtains were coupled together by
loops of goats’ hair and taches of copper. This reminds us that the only unity approved of
God must be in righteousness and holiness. There must be no conniving at holiness or
trifling with sin.

4. THE CURTAINS OF FINE LINEN

They were only visible to the priest within the holy place. They represent the glories of
Christ in resurrection and of His saints as risen with Him. The fine linen speaks of purity and
righteousness. The blue is heaven’s own colour, and tells of the heavenly character of the
Son of God. The scarlet is the colour of earth, and reminds us of His earthly glory as Son of
Man. The purple is the combination of blue and scarlet, and points on to that time when the
glory of the heavenly and the glory of the earthly shall have their centre and manifestation
in His blessed Person. The cherubim tell His majesty and power. The curtains were coupled
and “joined” together by loops of blue and taches of gold, and thus the several curtains
were made to form “one Tabernacle”. The saints as risen with Christ are all united now and
“perfectly joined together” in divine and heavenly union. The full display and manifestation
of this will be seen in glory, but faith even now discerns it while in communion with God
within His holy temple, and seeks to own and rest upon it in subjection to His Word amid
the discord and division of the present time, “Endeavouring to keep the unity of the Spirit in
the bond of peace” (Eph 4:4).

The Holy Place

The Tabernacle, or Tent, was divided into two distinct apartments, differing in size and
name. The first and largest of these is called the Holy Place, the second, the “Holy of Holies”,
or “Holiest of All”.

The Holy Place contained the altar of incense, the table of showbread, and the golden
candlestick. It was the place of priestly privilege and service, and within its precincts the
sons of Aaron the priest accomplished daily “the service of God” (Heb 9:6). No foot of man
was allowed to tread, or hand of man to serve within its sacred walls, save that of a
consecrated priest.
The congregation of Israel had access to the outer court but no further. They might bring
their offerings to the brazen altar, but to the golden altar within the Holy Place they were
forbidden to come.

The typical teaching here points on to the place of vast and unique blessing pertaining to
believers of the present age as “priests to God”, a title of inexpressible blessing, little
understood or appreciated by many of those to whom through grace it belongs. For the
sake of those who are young in Christ and newly come to the faith, it may be profitable here
to meditate on it a little.

In Israel, the priesthood was vested in a single family — the family of Aaron, of the tribe of
Levi. Natural birth into that family was the only way of sharing its privileges. The title was
hereditary, and passed on to the descendants. In the present age of grace and spiritual
blessing it is exactly the opposite. By natural birth all are shut out from God, and by spiritual
birth, or being “born again”, all are made priests. Such is one of the marked distinctions
between the ages of law and grace, and one of the broad outlines which mark Christianity as
entirely differing from Judaism. In the family of God, born from above, there are no such
distinctions recognised as “priests” and “common people”. The words so fraught with grace
and blessing — “Ye are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, an holy nation, a peculiar
people” (1 Pet 2:9) — are applicable to all the saints of God. The weakest and feeblest of the
redeemed of the Lord may adopt them and enjoy the privileges pertaining to them with the
most mature in grace. Attainments and gifts come not in here. They have there severally
ordered places, but the priesthood, with the whole range and sphere of blessing and
privilege attaching to it, is the birthright of all the saints.

Beloved, do we esteem the exceeding riches of this grace of God? Or are we enslaved by a
false humility to take a lower place and to stand afar off in a haze of bondage and fear? The
precious blood has made us nigh, the Spirit of sonship dwells within, and it is the joy of the
Father’s heart to see the face and hear the voice of all His children. In condescending grace
He stooped to lift us from the depths of our ruin, and, not satisfied with merely rescuing us,
He raised us to the rank of “an holy priesthood to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to
God by Jesus Christ” (1 Pet 2:5) within His holy Temple. The heaven in which we are to sing
for ever is open now to faith; the great High Priest has gone within, carrying with Him our
title, and He tells us to draw near, and by Him to “offer the sacrifice of praise to God
continually, that is, the fruit of our lips giving thanks to His name” (Heb 13:15). The Holy
Places made with hands are the figures of the true heavens. The priest of Israel, accepted
through the sacrifices offered at the altar, made clean by the water of the laver, and
anointed with the holy oil, is the type of a believer accepted in the Beloved, cleansed by the
washing of regeneration and by the Word of God, anointed with the Holy Ghost, and
thereby fitted to draw nigh to God. The blood of Jesus is the title, the daily cleansing by the
Word is the condition, and the Spirit of God the power for fulfilling the functions of our
priestly calling (see Heb 10:19-22; Eph 2:18).

The door of the tent was an hanging of blue, purple, and scarlet, on five pillars of shittim
wood, overlaid and crowned with gold, and set in sockets of copper. This was the entrance
to the Holy Place. It was of the same superficial measurement as the gate of the Court, but it
was double the height and only half the width. The difference is significant. The gate of the
Court was wide, the door of the sanctuary was narrow. The gate was for all, the door was
only for the priests.

There is a fulness and a narrowness in the things of God which we do well to mark. The
gospel of the grace of God is for the world, and the gate is wide enough for all. The
privileges and blessings of the House of God are only for the saints, and the door is
therefore narrow. Let us remember this. It is an inversion of God’s order, to restrict the
Gospel to a few, and to admit the world to fill the children’s place. There ought to be a
distinctive line drawn in preaching the Word between the children of God and the
unconverted, and a right dividing of the word of truth, giving to each his portion. This has
been fearfully set aside in Christendom. Mixed congregations of saints and sinners are
frequently addressed and prayed for as “beloved brethren”, and the “children’s bread” is
dealt out to all and sundry alike. The ungodly are made to believe that they are “inheritors
of the Kingdom of God”, and are thus hardened in their guilt and condemned in their
hypocrisy. The door of the Church is thrown wide open to the unconverted, and the table of
the Lord and His worship is defiled and degraded by the world being admitted to them. The
Lord does not hold any guiltless who do, or who countenance and uphold such unhallowed
deeds. With holy jealousy for His name, He has put a fence of truth around the “holy
things”, and if men with impious hand throw it down or teach their fellows to disregard it He
will yet avenge Himself upon them. May the Lord awaken the consciences of His saints to
see the deep dishonour done unto His name, and the eternal ruin brought upon the souls of
men, by allowing and instructing unconverted men to presumptuously take part in the
worship of God. The case of King Uzziah, who in the pride of his heart once entered the door
of the Holy Place with a censer in his hand to burn incense and was smitten with leprosy,
may well be a warning to such (2 Chron 26:16-19) and also that of Korah and his company,
who were destroyed by the judgment of God for assuming to be priests when they were not
(see Num 16).

Within the Holy Place the altar of incense, the golden candlestick, and the table of
showbread stood. The service of the priest consisted in burning incense at the altar, in
trimming the lamps of the candlestick, and in eating bread at the table. These are figures of
the service of the heavenly priesthood, which we will consider more fully in connection with
the respective vessels. May it be our happy daily experience, beloved, to consciously abide
in his Tabernacle under the shadow of the wings of the Almighty. Hid in His secret presence,
in the Lord’s own pavilion, our souls shall be safe from the arrows of the wicked and the
strife of tongues, and, having found the abiding title to enter there in the blood of the Lamb
of God, may we be preserved in a condition of cleanness by the continuous application of
the Word to our thoughts and words and ways. Thus, walking in the ungrieved power of the
Holy Ghost with ardent longing of soul, shall we be saying — “One thing have I desired of
the Lord, that will I seek after: that I may dwell in the House of the Lord all the days of my
life, to behold the beauty of the Lord, and to enquire in His temple” (Psa 27:4).

The Altar of Incense (Exod 30:1-10)

The Altar of Incense stood within the Holy Place. It was made of shittim wood and gold, and
had a crown of gold around its top.
Here let us distinguish clearly between this vessel and the altar of burnt-offering. The altar
before the door was made of shittim wood and copper; the altar within the Holy Place of
shittim wood and gold. The copper altar was the place of sacrifice; the golden altar was the
place of incense. There was continual bloodshed at the one; perpetual incense at the other.
The glories of Christ appear in both altars; Christ on the cross in the altar of burnt-offering;
Christ risen and glorified in the altar of incense. Down here He stood for us in the place of
death and judgment, and met our deep need as sinners. Up there He lives for us still in the
presence of God, meeting all our need as His saints and worshippers. By His sacrifice we
were redeemed, forgiven, accepted, and brought nigh to God; by his intercession we are
maintained in communion. It is Christ to begin with, Christ to go on with, and Christ for
evermore. Let us draw near and gaze upon this golden altar with its crown.

“Rise, my soul, behold, ’tis Jesus

Jesus fills thy wondering eyes.”

It was made of shittim wood and gold. Shittim wood, the type of His perfect humanity; gold,
of His divine glory as the Son of God. There was no gold outside. When Jesus was down here
He was as really the God-man as He is now within the heavens, but the gold was hid from
the eyes of men. He passed through earth in humiliation, not in glory. Although He was
then, as now, “the Mighty God”, He appeared among men in the “form of a servant” and in
“fashion as a man”. But up there where He now is the glorified One, the gold is seen in all its
rightness, and there is no veil to hide it. But He is as really the Man Christ Jesus now as when
He stood with the little child in his arms and pressed it to his bosom. He is as truly the
sympathiser now as when He stood at Lazarus’ tomb and wept; and He would have us to
know and enjoy Him thus. He is as truly engaged for us now in the midst of all His glory as he
was when, amid His woe, He loved us unto blood. His love can never grow cold, for it is like
Himself: “the same yesterday, and today, and for ever”. O what comfort to the soul to know
Him there as “the golden altar before the throne” (Rev 8:3), the ever-living one who maketh
intercession for His downcast, weary people (Heb 7:25; Rom 8:34). Look up to heaven, ye
crushed and burdened saints, and see the mighty God engaged to bring you through. The
sharpest pang you feel affects His heart; the deepest woe you bear is familiar to Him who
was the Man of Sorrows. He trod the same path Himself, and met with all the forms of
suffering that it is possible for His saints to meet, and thus His sympathy is the sympathy of
the perfect Man, and His power the power of the mighty God. He can be “touched with a
feeling of our infirmities,” because He is man; He is “able to succour” the tried and tempted,
because He is God.

It had a crown of gold. “We see Jesus crowned with glory and honour” (Heb 2:9). There was
no crown around the altar outside the door: nothing but blood and ashes there. This
reminds us of Calvary. There was no diadem of glory on the brow of the Holy Sufferer there;
only the tangled thorn-crown with the ruby blood-drops — jewels of priceless value to the
believer’s heart. But on that very brow, where wicked hands entwined a crown of thorns,
the hand of God has put a crown of glory and honour. His “sufferings” are past, His “glories”
must follow. The saints of God already own his dominion and yield Him obedience; and, by-
and-bye, when He comes to claim the kingdom and to put down the false one, the anti-
Christ who shall rule earth’s kings, the “many crowns” shall all be His, and every kindred and
people and tongue shall then join to sing —
“Bring forth the royal diadem,
And crown Him Lord of all.”

It is mockery, in this age of His rejection, to invite “all people that on earth do dwell” to
“sing to the Lord with cheerful voice”, when the bulk of them are the children of the devil,
and the enemies of God. The world disowns His name and spurns His authority. Those
whom He has won for Himself out of Satan’s dominion, and made unto Himself “a kingdom
and priests unto his God and Father” (Rev 1:6), these, and only these, can truly worship God
with cheerful voice.

“And Aaron shall burn, thereon sweet incense every morning” (Exod 3:7). “By Him let us
offer the sacrifice of praise to God continually” (Heb 13:15). “Every day will I bless Thee, and
I will praise Thy name for ever and ever” (Psa 145:2). “Blessed are they that dwell in Thy
house: they will be still praising Thee” (Psa 84:4).

Christ is the altar, believers are priests, and heaven is the place of worship. God’s earthly
place of worship was first the Tabernacle, then the Temple, but since the cross of Christ
there has been no earthly place of worship. Our golden altar is in heaven, and there by faith
we pass in spirit, and worship God by Him. The body may be on a lonely couch, or in a
prison, as Paul and Silas were in Macedonia, in the inner prison.

“But prison bars cannot control

The flight, the freedom of the soul.”

Their spirits were around the golden altar within the heavenly temple, and “at midnight
they prayed and sang praises to God”. Not only on the first day of the week, when, with
disciples, we congregate around the Person of Immanuel, but at all times in all places it is
the believer’s privilege to be in a worshipping condition of soul. “My praise shall be
continually of Thee” (Psa 71:6). “Giving thanks always for all things” (Eph 5:20).

Brethren beloved, is this our daily employment? Is this the atmosphere we breathe by road,
and rail and at our daily work? If it were so, we should see no discontented, grumbling
saints, no captious, quarrelling brethren. Ah, no. When brethren fall out by the way, it is
because some of them have left the “spot where spirits blend”, and once away from the
warmth of His love, saints can do anything.

In the beginning of the gospel of Luke we see Zacharias, the Jewish priest, by the side of the
incense altar in the earthly temple, and the people without praying; but in the closing verses
of that Gospel, the saints are gathered to worship Him whom they had seen carried up to
Heaven. Earthly priests and vestments, earthly altars and temples, are suited to the world. It
must have a religion suited to its senses: requiring no spiritual life or Holy Ghost energy; but
why the living heavenly saints should seek the living Christ among these dead forms we do
not know.

THE INCENSE. It was an holy perfume, composed of four spices, prepared according to the
command of Jehovah. None was to be made like unto it, upon penalty of being cut off from
the people of Jehovah. Solemn words for a day like ours, when license under the name of
liberty desecrates the most sacred things of God. The incense is the type of that holy
fragrance which did, and ever will, ascend from the ways and character of the Lord Jesus
unto the Father.

When we bring our praises unto God, let them be of Him, His Person, His character, His
worth. These are the spices like unto which none are to be made. No worshipping of saints,
dead or living; no prayers or praises to the Virgin or apostles, or about ourselves or our own
attainments. “Worthy is the Lamb” is heaven’s song: let it be ours. What a sham is all the
instrumental music used in what is called the worship of God. How abominable to Him is the
song of the most talented orchestra of unconverted sinners. A handful of His blood-bought
saints gathered in some lonely corner telling out the worth of Jesus into the Father’s open
ear from burning hearts, is incense of a sweet savour unto Him. To such,

“God graciously is bending

To hear each feeble groan.”

The fire was to be taken from the altar of sacrifice. No strange incense, no strange fire was
allowed. The fire which had fed on the victim was to burn on the altar of incense, and the
blood of the sacrifice was to stain its horns. Thus in our worship are we ever to have Calvary
in view. “A Lamb as it had been slain” in the midst of the throne will keep Calvary for ever
before the glorified saints. We can only worship God as we live beside the Cross. Nadab and
Abihu offered strange fire and died before the Lord (Lev 10:1). They were true priests. They
had true incense; but they used strange fire, not the fire of the altar which came from
Heaven (Lev 9:24). The only power for worship is the Holy Ghost: all else is strange fire. The
oft repeated “Hallelujah”, the frequent bursts of “Praise the Lord”, the words so oft
repeated by thousands every Sunday, “Glory be to the Father and to the Son,” if they are
not the fruit of the Spirit’s operation within the soul, they are only “great swelling words of
vanity.”

Sentimental religion is common. Unholy familiarity in the things of God and a corresponding
irreverent way of addressing Him are rapidly increasing. “Dear Jesus”, “Precious Jesus”, are
expressions often flippantly uttered by professing Christians. But when Stephen, filled with
the Holy Ghost, gazed steadfastly on the blessed One, he said, “Lord Jesus, receive my
spirit”; and on the Damascus road, when Saul of Tarsus saw His glory and heard His voice, he
said, “Lord, what wilt thou have me to do?”

May our souls be kept in His fear, giving Him reverence, hid in his pavilion, worshipping in
His presence. Soon we shall bow in ransomed bodies in the presence of the throne of God
and the Lamb, to praise Him evermore.

The Table of Showbread (Exod 25:23-30)

The next vessel of the Holy Place is the Table of Showbread with its twelve loaves. It was
made of shittim wood and overlaid with gold, with a golden crown around the top. There
was a border of an handbreadth, then a second crown of gold around it. Twelve loaves
made of fine flour and overlaid with frankincense lay upon the table within the inner crown
in two rows. At the close of every week they were removed by the priest and replaced by
twelve fresh loaves, the priesthood receiving the former as their food. The table stood
within the Holy Place on the north side, over against the candlestick of gold.

Let us seek in the fear of God to gather the precious truth the Spirit brings before our souls
in this expressive type. The table with its bread presents a double aspect of the truth: it has
a Godward and a manward side. First, it stood before the Lord, upholding and presenting as
unto Him the holy bread; and next, it was the place at which the priesthood served and
found their food. The table itself represents the Risen Christ — Christ as the God-man
glorified in the heavens, appearing now in the presence of God. But not only was there a
table, there was also bread — a loaf for every tribe in Israel’s camp. The twelve tribes were
represented there in all their perfectness and unity, the small as well as the great. The royal
Judah, the priestly Levite, and little Benjamin, had each their representative loaf there all
covered with the pure and fragrant frankincense. When the eye of Jehovah rested on that
holy table it rested on his people too. Not one of them was forgotten there, for the bread
was to be “continually” before the Lord. The word translated “showbread” means “the
presence bread” or “bread of the faces” (see the margin). It was ever in Jehovah’s presence,
and continually before His face. His holy eye was ever looking down upon it, feasting, as it
were, upon it with satisfaction.

And, O beloved friends, with what unbounded joy does the Father’s eye now look upon that
glorified Man within the heavens? Can human heart conceive, or angel tongue express, with
what ineffable delight His eve at this moment rests upon His glorified Son? We cannot
gauge the measure of the love wherewith the Father loves the Son; but, whatever the
measure of that love may be, we are sharers in it. We are loved, and blessed, and “accepted
in the beloved.” The entire company of the saints are complete in Him. They are continually
before the Father’s face, presented and covered over with the fragrant frankincense of His
peerless Name and perfect work, and it is their birthright to sing, with heart and soul and
voice —

“So dear, so very dear to God, more dear I cannot be;

The love wherewith He loves the Son, such is His love to me.”

The golden crown around the showbread kept it in its place, and protected it from falling off
as the table was borne on the Levites’ shoulders along the desert. Not only does Christ bring
us into this place of nearness and blessing, but He keeps us there. No doubt our stumbling
steps down here would very soon have caused us to forfeit it all, had not He undertaken to
keep it for us and us for it.

But the golden crown encircled all the loaves clasping them, as it were, on the table. And we
are encircled by love eternal, omnipotent, and divine; love that had no beginning and shall
never have an end.

But there is another aspect of the table and the bread, upon which it will be profitable for us
to meditate a little. Jehovah provided this table for His priests, and the “presence bread”
became their food. They fed upon that holy bread before the Lord, thus sharing, as it were,
His own delight in it and His own appreciation of it. And we are called to share His joy in
Christ and to feed upon the bread of God. We have been called unto the fellowship of the
Father and of the Son, and it is our privilege to enjoy that fellowship from day to day.
Communion with God is what we have here expressed in type. The priest was called to be a
partaker with His God, and this is communion. There was worship at the altar and
communion at the table. At the altar, the priest was a giver, but at the table he was
a giver and a receiver. Every Sabbath, he came with fresh showbread to present before
Jehovah, and every Sabbath he received, as if from Jehovah’s hand, His bread to eat. The
former expresses our presentation of Christ to God when we draw near to worship, the
latter shows His presentation of Christ to us, as the Bread upon which our souls may feed.
The priesthood had their portion in the offerings of the Lord, and upon these they might
feed individually, and at other times and places. But the priesthood feeding upon the
showbread at the table within the Holy Place, would seem to point to that special
expression of communion with God and with each other which believers now enjoy, when
gathered around the Lord’s Table on the Lord’s Day to eat the Lord’s Supper. The same love
that provided a table in the midst of that howling desert, and gathered His priests around it
to eat, has spread for us a table too, and called us to it, like Mephibosheth of old, to “eat
bread as the king’s sons.”

“Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies.” The table is not ours,
but His. He provided it, He furnishes and orders it, and we are only His guests. With what
jealous care He guards His table we may surely learn, from the words He uses in describing
it. It was a “pure” table the bread upon it was “holy”; it stood within the “Holy Place”; and
those who surrounded it were a “holy priesthood,” anointed with the “holy oil” and clad in
“holy garments.” Surely “holiness becometh Thine house, O Lord, for ever”; and “God is
greatly to be feared in the assembly of the saints, and to be had in reverence of all them
that are about Him” (Psa 93:5; 89:7).

It has ever been the work of the enemy to seek to corrupt and degrade the holy things, and
the very strength of his attack seems to have concentrated itself in all ages upon the Lord’s
table and the Lord’s Supper. Highest of all the Church’s privileges down here, it has ever
been Satan’s aim to deprive her of it. And to what extent he has succeeded, a careful
comparison of what passes for “the Lord’s Supper” with what is written concerning it the
Word will suffice to show. Hardly a remaining trace of that holy, simple feast, as it was
instituted by the Lord, and first celebrated by His disciples in the upper room, can now be
seen among the sects of Christendom. The “Mass” of Popery and the “Sacrament” of
Protestantism are alike a caricature of the simple feast. By their forms and ceremonies they
have virtually set the Lord’s Supper aside, and denied the Lord the right of governing His
table. But the pattern is still in the Book, for all who are willing to follow it.

In connection with those who were invited to this showbread table, there are two or three
points I wish you to notice. We are first told who were not to come, then, who were to
come, and next, how often they were to come. You see the Lord was very particular in
telling them all about it. There was nothing left for them to fill in or arrange. First, then, who
were not to eat? “There shall no stranger eat of the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest or
an hired servant shall not eat of the holy thing” (Lev 22:10).

Here are three classes who were prohibited from partaking of the priesthood’s food. They
represent three classes of unconverted people. “No stranger”. This is one of the descriptions
given of man in his natural state (see Eph 2:11). “No sojourner of the priest”. Perhaps an
intimate friend come to stay with him for a time, but when the Sabbath day came round
he must be told that he cannot enter the Holy Place or eat the holy things. Human nature
would recoil from this. What more natural than to take his friend with him! Perhaps it might
do him good, and teach him to revere the God of Israel! But human reasonings are
invariably opposed to Scripture, and, when allowed to supplant it, apostasy is the result.
And this is done to a fearful extent in the present day. The children of believing parents
when they come of age, and their friends and relatives when they come to visit, are often
brought forward to the Lord’s table in a slip-shod way, without much question whether they
are “born again” or not. It is much easier for the flesh to bring them there, than to honestly
tell them that they must take their place among those who are “without” until it be
manifest to all that they are truly converted. Dear friends, are you all clear before God as to
this matter? Take care that you do not, under the plea of a false charity, bring the Moabite
into the congregation of the Lord. It is easy to make oneself believe that either child or
relative is converted, especially if our discernment be small, and if our minds be set on
having them in among the saints. It is better in all such cases to leave it to the discernment
of others. Do not allow the honey of human nature to hinder faithful dealing and careful
examination, of those who seek a place at the table of the Lord.

“An hired servant shall not eat thereof.” A man working for salvation is not to be there, yet
many do go, because they are told it is “a means of grace”, and that in the Sacrament
“Christ communicateth to us the benefits of redemption”. Such is the lawlessness of man,
leading to a complete subversion of the order of God. But there were others also to be
excluded. “What man soever of the seed of Aaron is a leper, or hath a running issue, he shall
not eat of the holy things until he be clean” (Lev 22:4). It was no question here of his being a
priest. That point was settled, yet by reason of defilement he was for the present
disqualified from enjoying the privileges of the priesthood. Now, this is a very solemn thing.
A true believer may become tainted with the leprosy of indulged and cherished evil either
doctrinal or moral, so that he becomes unfit to hold communion with a holy God, or to be in
the fellowship of the saints. Such was the case with some at Corinth. One had gone on
indulging and practising sin, until it became necessary to excommunicate him, and the saints
were told to put him away. Sin is contagious, and if one defiled is permitted to go in and out
as was his wont, the disease will rapidly spread. It is not a question of his ceasing to be a
Christian, for he may be restored to God and to His people. But for the present he is unclean
and must be treated as such. How all this is denied and set aside by those who urge that
because the table is the Lord’s, therefore all His people may come to it! A strange deduction
from such solemn premises! Surely a more worthy deduction would be, that “seeing the
table is the Lord’s, therefore He must rule it, and His will is to be done, and His authority
owned, by those who assemble around it.”

There is yet another extreme which, in seeking to act out the will of the Lord, we need to
guard against, and that is to exclude any one whom God has bidden come. Here comes
a lame priest, and yet another blind. Now, what is to be done with them? One does not see
clearly, another cannot walk aright or keep rank with those who do. It would be very natural
for us to say that for such defects they ought not to share the fellowship of their brethren;
but Jehovah says “he shall eat the bread of his God, both of the most holy and of the holy”
(Lev 21:22). There is a difference between lameness and leprosy, and the Lord means us to
regard it. A believer may be dark on many things and yet not defiled. One may fail to “keep
rank” and yet not be unfit to hold communion with God. Such have a place in the church of
God and at the table. As one weak in the faith the saints are commanded to “receive” him
(Rom 14:1), then to “support” him (1 Thess 5:14). The churches of God ought to be to the
“weak” and the “feeble” as the “inn” was to the wounded man who was found on the road
to Jericho. There are many of the dear saints of God who are lame, not so much from their
own fault as from the fault of those who had the care of them, during their spiritual infancy.
We read of one Mephibosheth who was lame for life because a careless nurse let him fall
when a babe. Yet he sat at the King’s table as one of his sons. May the Lord preserve the
balance of His truth within our souls, and help us to discriminate between weakness and
defilement.

Every Sabbath was the time appointed for the priesthood to assemble at the table. On the
first day of every week the disciples of the Lord were wont to meet to break the bread and
drink the wine (Acts 20:7). There was “the Lord’s day” and “the Lord’s Supper” (Rev 1:10; 1
Cor 11:20); or, as it may be read, “the Lordly day” and “the Lordly Supper,” the “day” for the
“supper” and the “supper” for the “day” both being distinguished by a word occurring
nowhere else in the New Testament. It is clear, moreover, from the record given, that the
early churches gathered to break the bread and drink the wine on the first of every week.
They had no “ordinance days” or “communion Sundays.” Every resurrection day witnessed
the gathered company at the feast, and so should it be with us today. The times have
changed, and so have the customs of men, but the Word of the Lord is sure and steadfast
for ever. Beloved! let us cleave to it firmly, seeking to act it out in the fear of the Lord.

The Golden Candlestick

The third and last vessel in the Holy Place was the Golden Candlestick, or lampstand. It was
a vessel of pure gold, consisting of a shaft, an upright centre branch, and six other branches
proceeding out of the shaft, three on either side. On the end of each of the seven branches
was a lamp of gold containing pure olive oil, and these were to be kept continually burning
to give light within the Holy Place. It was the only source of light there, and in that light the
priesthood served and worshipped Jehovah. It stood on the south side of the Holy Place,
over against the table of showbread.

There are deep and precious truths foreshadowed in this golden lampstand, upon which our
souls may meditate with joy and blessing. Christ personally is and ever was “the Life” and
“the Light.” Life and light Divine have their source and manifestation in His blessed Person.
He, and He only, is the Giver of life and light, and He has communicated both unto His
saints. They are in possession of His life, and “children of the light,” and it is through them
that He manifests and displays Himself. The candlestick seems to point to that deep,
mysterious oneness that exists between the Head and the members of the “one new Man”,
expressively called “the Christ” (see 1 Cor 12:12, Gk).

There are no dimensions given for this vessel, but it was to be beaten out of a talent of gold.
It was of pure gold; there was no tinsel or alloy. This marks the divine character of the truth
contained in the type. It reminds us of the church as formed and created in His image, the
workmanship of God.
It was of beaten work. Beating is the emblem of sorrow and suffering. This points to the
sufferings of the cross as the birthplace of the church. It was during the process of beating
that the various branches of this golden lampstand, with their flowers and bowls, were
formed. They were all hid, as it were, in that unbeaten talent, but as the hammer was
brought down upon it by a skilful hand, one after another of the branches was produced,
until it stood complete before the maker’s eye one solid work of beaten gold. It was thus
the Church was formed. The “deep sleep” into which the Lord God put the first Adam, while
He builded out of his side “the woman” who was to be his partner; the corn of wheat falling
into the ground to die and bear much fruit; and this beating out of the golden lampstand all
foreshadow the deep and bitter sufferings of the cross, to which the Church, as the body
and the bride of Christ, owes her existence. The talent of gold was ever valuable and
precious in itself, but, apart from the beating of it, there could have been no golden
lampstand. And but for the bruising and death of the Son of God — the Second Adam —
there could have been no Church — no second Eve — to become His body and His bride.
The lampstand consisted of three parts, viz., the shaft, the six branches, and the branch. The
shaft was the base of all. Out of it came six side branches, and also the centre upright
branch. The word translated “shaft” is rendered “thigh” in Genesis 24:2, and “loins” in
Genesis 46:26. As the children came from the loins of Jacob, so came the branches from
this shaft. It gave them being. They came forth from it, having, as it were, its life, its nature,
and its beauty as their own. So comes the church from Christ. She is possessed of His life
and adorned in His beauty. “He that sanctifieth and they who are sanctified are all of one”,
even as the branches were of the same gold as the shaft out from which they came:— “For
which cause He is not ashamed to call them brethren” (Heb 2:11). Wondrous dignity! He is
the firstborn from the dead: they are His brethren. He is the Son of God: they are the sons
of God. His Father is their Father, His God their God. Christ is the head of the church: the
church is the fulness of Christ. She is called to be a co-heir and joint-inheritor with Him. She
is the Eve of the second Adam. She is quickened, and raised, and seated together with Him,
a partaker of His life, possessed of His Spirit, and presently to share His glory.

The six branches sprang out from the shaft, three on either side. They were not artificially
fastened on to it, but they came out from it. Such is the union of Christ and His members. It
is compared to a body of many members, all having the same life, and united by a common
bond to the living Head. As Eve was taken from the side of Adam, possessed of his life his
very counterpart, so in wondrous grace hath the Church been formed from and for her Lord.
The same life is in the feeblest member as is in the Head, and not one of these members can
ever be severed from Him, or perish. I do not see how anyone can believe the Bible, and
hold what is commonly known as “the falling-away doctrine”. In such a gospel there is no
vital union with Christ. The believer is looked upon as artificially united to Him, and liable to
lose his hold and drop into hell at any time. This doctrine robs Christ of His glory, and the
believer of his peace. Texts bearing on the believer’s warfare (as 1 Cor 9:27) or fruitfulness
(as John 15:6) are pressed into service to prove that a believer may finally perish. But we
know from such Scriptures as 1 Corinthians 6:17, Ephesians 5:30, and Romans 7:4, that the
believer is everlastingly united to the risen Christ, and that he can never be separated from
Him (see Rom 8:35-39; John 10:28). And these Scriptures cannot be broken, neither can
they contradict themselves.
In each of the six branches, there were bowls made like unto almonds, with a knop and a
flower of gold. The almond-like bowl or calyx reminds us of the resurrection. The almond
tree is the first to show its bud in Spring. It is the first to wake up, as in resurrection, after
the dreary winter. The rod of Aaron laid up before the Lord during the night, had in the
morning the bud, the blossom, and the fruit of the almond upon it. How sweetly these
emblems remind us of the resurrection of the Son of God and of the formation and
resurrection of the church with Him. Around the dark shadow of His cross, and the still
darker portal of the tomb, the lonely women watched and wept. It seemed as if the winter
had set in without a hope of Spring’s return to them. But on the early dawn of the
resurrection morning the opening bud was seen, and the risen one appeared to their joy,
linking them with Himself, and saying, “Go to My brethren, and say unto them, I ascend to
My Father and your Father, to My God and your God.” The corn of wheat had died, to live in
the fruitfulness of resurrection. The rod laid up in death before the Lord had borne its fruit,
on that resurrection morning (John 20:11). Like the branches springing out of the almond-
like calyx, and like the almonds found on the rod of Jehovah’s chosen priest, the Church is
the fruit of Christ’s death and resurrection, and is raised and seated and blessed together
with him. Drawing their sap from Him, as the branches from the vine, they bear the fruit of
righteousness, and “the life of Jesus” is manifest in “their mortal bodies” (2 Cor 4:11).
The centre stem is called “his branch” (see Exod 37:17, where the word is given in the
singular), distinguishing it from the six side branches. Its place in the midst, with its pre-
eminence and beauty, reminds us of the fact that although Christ has linked His saints with
Him and calls them “brethren”, yet in all things he has the pre-eminence. He is the Head,
the chiefest among the ten thousand, fairer than the children of men, altogether lovely. He
may call the objects of His grace by the endearing name of “brethren”, but they call Him
their “Lord”, and own His place in the midst, as centre and source of all.

The lamps were filled with pure olive oil. Oil is the type of the Holy Spirit, and the lamp filled
with this may indicate that fulness of the Spirit which believers now possess, and which it is
their privilege and responsibility daily to enjoy (Eph 5:18). The many lamps gave only one
light (Exod 25:37), and its chief use was to shine over against the face of the candlestick,
displaying its beauties. The saints filled with the Spirit do not exhibit themselves or speak of
their own comeliness. They bear witness to the worth of Jesus. Stephen, full of the Holy
Ghost, looked steadfastly up to Heaven and said, “I see Jesus”. Peter, filled with the Spirit,
testified of the dead and risen Christ; and when the church is all complete and glorified with
Christ in heaven, she will still be the vessel in whom and by whom Christ will be revealed. A
believer full of the Holy Ghost will have the eye turned up to Christ, and not down or into
self. He will speak of Christ, and not of his own perfection or sanctity. When Moses came
down from the mount, the glory of God was beaming in his face, and everybody saw and it
owned it, yet he “wist” it not. Thus the golden lampstand stood before the Lord, shedding
forth its light continually, and thus before God’s face for ever shall stand in wondrous union,
divine beauty, and unfading light, the church as the body and the bride of Christ.

But there is another aspect in which this golden lampstand may be viewed. It has a place to
fill on earth, amid the darkness of the night. When John, the beloved disciple who had
leaned upon Immanuel’s bosom at the Supper, was in Patmos’ lonely isle, he was called to
behold seven golden candlesticks. They were not within the heavens, but scattered
throughout Asia Minor, as witnesses for God, in a dark and guilty world. They were the
bearers of Divine light down here among men, and the Lord Jesus, clad in priestly robes, was
seen moving amongst them, constantly watching over them, caring for them, and praising
or rebuking them as they had need. Like the beloved disciple himself, the church has a
double place to fill: up there in the bosom of the Lord, down here in a cold and evil world.
The church, as the body of Christ, is divinely perfect and divinely united: it can never be
tarnished or divided. “The churches of God” on earth are liable to fail, and they may receive
either praise or blame from Him who walks amongst them. As Aaron trimmed the lamps,
pouring in the oil and using the tongs and snuffers, so Christ, as He walked amidst these
churches, had words of grace and cheer to some, and of warning and reproof to others. The
trimming of the wick — the use of the tongs and snuffers — is quite as necessary as the
fresh supply of oil, in order to have a clear and shining light, and the Lord knows in what
proportions to give the ministry of grace, and the word of faithful rebuke. In some of the
assemblies there was little to correct, in others little to approve. But so long as they were
His, He trimmed and fed the lamps as they had need. May the churches of God and the
saints individually have the willing ear to hear His voice whether He speak rebuke or cheer.
Thus shall they continue as His light-bearers on the earth. Each candlestick stood on its own
base and had a separate existence of its own. There was no human confederation of
churches or earthly seat of government. Each church was responsible to Christ alone. Yet He
who is in the midst of each separate assembly and unites around Himself all who are in it, is
here seen walking in the midst of the seven assemblies uniting them all. They were all
watched over by the same All-seeing Eye, and trimmed by the same Almighty Hand. So long
as the churches remained true to Him, or had an ear to hear His voice, He governed them
Himself. But when they ceased to hear His voice and to repent of their sins, He disowned
them, and removed their candlestick out of its place (Rev 2:5). He alone can do this. It is not
man’s work.

This puts the churches of God in a deeply solemn position as His witnesses and light-bearers
down here on earth. If the spiritual condition of the individuals who compose these
churches be right with God, and if the saints are living in communion with Him, each subject
to Christ as Lord and to His Word, there will be little fear but the lampstand will give a clear
and shining light. The truth of God will be upheld. Christ’s name will be honoured. His gospel
will be sounded forth, and sinners will be saved. His Word will be proclaimed and taught,
and should evil raise its head, it will be dealt with in His fear. Happy the church and the
individual saint, thus abiding in His love and watched over by His eye, fed and trimmed by
His hand, and standing as a luminary amid earth’s darkest night, waiting for the dawn of the
resurrection morning.

The Veil (Exod 26:31-33)

The Veil divided between the Holiest of All — the immediate presence-chamber of Jehovah
— and the Holy place, the place of priestly worship and service. It was a curtain of blue,
purple, scarlet, and fine linen, with cherubims. It was upheld by four pillars of shittim wood,
set on silver sockets, with suspending hooks of gold. So long as the veil remained unrent,
the priest was shut out from the immediate presence of his God, and the divine glory was
hidden from his gaze. Only once a year, the high priest was permitted to enter, and that,
alone, with the blood of atonement in his hand, and his person enshrouded by a cloud of
holy incense.
The Holy Ghost has interpreted this type for us in His own words, as found in Hebrews
10:20. We read there, “The veil, that is to say, His flesh.” This veil, then, foreshadowed the
“flesh”, or the humanity of the Lord Jesus. “God as manifest in the flesh” (1 Tim 3:16); “and
the Word became flesh and tabernacled among us” (John 1:14, R.V.). What a mystery of
grace lies here before us, in the consideration of which we need to proceed with bowed
heads and reverent spirits, reining in our imagination, and being guided by the light of Holy
Scripture. He was the Holy One as regards His humanity; unlike all other men, inasmuch as
He was sinless; yet so near to us did he come, that we are told, “Forasmuch then as the
children are partakers of flesh and blood, He also Himself likewise took part of THE SAME”
(Heb 2:14). His incarnation was a necessity in order that He might die; and so was His
perfectness in order that He might die for us to redeem us. There was no gold entwined
amid the colours of the veil, as we see it in the texture of the ephod of the priest, for that
would indicate His divinity and humanity were intermingled. But such was not the case. He
was thirsty at the well of Sychar, and hungry in the wilderness, and He felt them both. He
was weary with His journey, and he rested Himself and slept on a pillow in the boat. O how
blessed to know that we have such a Jesus! So tender that both the babe and the beloved
disciple might lie close to His bosom and feel that they were at home, and yet withal He was
the Mighty God — Emmanuel. The hooks of gold by which the veil were suspended may
speak of this, while the cherubim wrought in the blue, the purple, and the scarlet, may
indicate the presence of the divine power that was in Him, oftentimes exerted on behalf of
others, but never for Himself.

It was upheld and displayed by four pillars, cut off, uncrowned, and set on silver sockets.
There are four Gospels giving a divinely-inspired revelation of Christ’s holy birth and life, all
ending with His cutting off upon the cross. We need no other “life of Christ” to supplement
them. Many have been written, bearing the infirmities of their authors’ opinions, in
contradiction of the inspired words of the Holy Ghost.

But the veil in all its beauty afforded no access to the presence of God, but rather barred the
way. And the incarnation of Christ, apart from His death, would not of itself have brought
the sinner nigh to God. We need to remember this, because there are many who occupy the
place of teachers in the professing church, who are now saying that we are united to Christ
in His incarnation, that God is the Father of all men, whether they have been born again or
not, and that as a consequence all men will be saved. But there can be no union with Christ
save in the new creation; no entrance to the family of God but by a new second birth; and
no place in Heaven but on the ground of redemption. The veil had to be rent, ere the way
was opened into the presence of God; and Christ had to die ere sinners could be “made nigh
by blood” (Eph 2:13). At the very moment of the death of God’s holy Lamb outside the gate
of Jerusalem, the veil within the Temple was rent “in the midst” from top to bottom, and
the graves of the saints were opened. The former of these signs giving the pledge of access
to God, the other, of the destruction of death, and both of these, fruits of the death of
Christ. Blessed be God, there is no barrier now. The inner and outer courts are both open to
the saints of God, and the whole range of spiritual blessings in heavenly places, has been,
through grace, made theirs. The saints “draw nigh” to pray and praise, and within the inner
circle, in the fulness of light and love Divine, they sing —
“Within the Holiest of all,
Cleansed by His precious blood,
Before Thy throne Thy children fall,
And worship Thee—our God.”

The Ark (Exod 25:10-12)

The only vessel within the circle of the Holiest was the Ark with its Mercy Seat. We find it
described in Exodus 25:10-12. It was a chest or coffer made of shittim wood, overlaid within
and without with pure gold. It had a crown or band of gold around its top, a golden ring on
each of its four corners, and two staves of shittim wood overlaid with gold wherewith it
might be borne along the desert. Within this Ark lay the two tables of the law; and, later on,
we find there was a golden pot with manna. And the budded rod of Aaron deposited within
it.

Here, as elsewhere, we see the God-man in the gold and the shittim wood. The unbroken
tables within the Ark remind us of the perfect obedience of Christ. We are at once reminded
of the words, true only of Him of whom the Ark is a type — “I delight to do Thy will, O My
God; yea, Thy law is within My heart” (Psa 4:8). There, and only there, had God’s will its
dwelling-place. Of Him, and Him alone, can it be said that He loved the Lord His God
with all His heart, and soul, and strength, and mind, and that He did so continuously and
constantly. The first two tables were broken beneath the mount by Moses when he saw the
people engaged in worshipping the calf of gold. Of what use could such a law have been to
them? Its first commandment claimed complete allegiance to God; its second forbade the
making of a graven image; and its third the taking of God’s name in vain. While Moses was
on the way from God to the people with these commands, what were they doing? They had
made a graven image, they were doing homage there before it, and declaring it to be the
God who had redeemed them. Such was the reception given by man to God’s most holy law,
and such is man’s treatment of it still. His rebellious heart is estranged from God — it is not
subject to His law, nor can it be. The tables are broken, and, with fallen man, they can never
be renewed. How foolish, then, for men to think that by observing fragments of a broken
law they can satisfy God, or justify themselves. Yet how many seek by such a path to reach
the Kingdom of God, and how zealously they cling to outward forms and mingle law and
grace. How strangely it must sound in Heaven to hear from congregations Sunday after
Sunday, chanted in a single breath, such words as, “Incline our hearts to keep Thy law”,
followed by, “Save us by Thy grace”. But salvation is not a complex thing made up of law
and grace, else grace were no more grace. The sinner has broken the law of God, and thus
forfeited every claim to righteousness on that ground. Moreover, he is under its curse and
awaiting its punishment. But there was one — different from all others — in whose heart
the claims of God had their honoured place. And He was “Jesus Christ the Righteous.”
Perfect in His unswerving fidelity to God and in His love to men. In Him the claims of a holy
God were fully met and all His righteous requirements satisfied.

The Mercy Seat (Exod 25:17-22)

The lid of the Ark was made of pure gold, with cherubim of gold on its ends, and is called the
Mercy-Seat. The wings of the cherubim overshadowed the Ark, and their faces looked to
each other toward the Mercy-Seat. The word for Mercy-Seat signifies “to atone,” or “cover,”
and in the New Testament it is rendered “propitiation” (see Rom. 3:25). God’s mercy can
only be known in Christ, and on the ground of atonement. If it is to be extended to sinners,
it must be in consistency with God’s holiness, and if grace is to take its place upon the
throne, it must reign in righteousness. But how is this to be? The only way possible is on the
ground of atonement. And to this the cross of Christ is the all-sufficient answer. There, all
apparently irreconcilable attributes of God are harmonised and blended in their divine
perfection and beauty. There, “mercy and truth are met together, righteousness and peace
have kissed each other” (Psa 85:10). There “mercy rejoices against judgment.”

On the great day of atonement — Israel’s annual cleansing from sin — Aaron the priest,
robed in linen garments, entered within the veil with the blood of a sin-offering. This was
sprinkled on the Mercy-Seat once, and before it seven times. Once was enough for the eye
of Jehovah, but seven times — the perfect number — for the eye of the worshipper. We
need to be reminded often of the perfectness of the atonement of Christ, but in the
estimate of God it is ever the same. The importance of this act cannot be overestimated. It
was not a question of some single act of transgression: that would have been settled at the
altar in the Court. But the question uppermost in the Day of Atonement was — “How can a
holy God continue to dwell in the midst of a sinful and failing people? How can His throne
be established in righteousness in their midst?” The answer was found in the sprinkled
blood. It was there, on the blood-stained Mercy-Seat, that the Shekinah rested and it was
concerning this same spot that Jehovah said, “There will I meet with thee, and commune
with thee”. How blessed it is for our souls to grasp the antitype of all this, as we have it in
the death of Christ. True, we often sing —

“His precious blood is sprinkled there,

Before and on the throne.”

but how far have we individually really learned of the perfect satisfaction of God, and of the
deep, eternal rest that He Himself has found in the death of His own beloved Son? Beloved
young saints, this is where you need to begin, if you would enjoy deep and settled peace
and know anything of real communion with God. If you do not see a satisfied, yea, a well-
pleased and resting God, the probability is that the accuser will roar against you, telling you
of your past offences and your present unworthiness, and drive you from the solace of the
secret place, where the wings of the Almighty stretch themselves out to protect you from
Satan’s power. But, gazing on that precious blood, we see the perfect answer to all we have
done, and to all that we are. We learn there that the blood of the slain Lamb has given
entire satisfaction to God, and covered all our guilt, leaving nothing but its own
preciousness on the spot. How boldly, then, do our souls face the tempter’s rage, and how
intelligently can we sing —

“I hear the accuser roar

Of sins that I have done:
I know them well, and thousands more—
Jehovah findeth none.”
And not only does the blood bring us there, but, blessed be God, it keeps us there. If our
souls are dwelling in the light of God, and accustoming themselves to say, “Search me, O
God,” we will find that there is much within us still, that is contrary to the circle of infinite
holiness in which we stand. Then, how are we to abide in its searching light? Just because
the blood is there. The blood cleanseth us from all sin. That does not mean that it takes sin
out of us. To think so, God says, would be self-deception. But while we are walking there in
God’s holy presence, the blood speaks for us, and, in spite of all that we feel ourselves to be,
we are counted clean for its sake. And at the blood-stained Mercy-Seat we commune with
God. Covet the enjoyment of this, ye beloved young Christians. It is more to be desired than
much fine gold. It will give you strength for the journey home, and there, communing at
God’s Mercy-Seat and throne of grace, you will renew your strength and mount up as on
eagle’s wings.

The cherubim looked down upon the blood-stained Mercy-Seat, acquiescing and admiring.
Some think they represent angels, others, saints. No doubt the host above do greatly admire
the great redemption work of Christ, but, being all of gold and of the same piece as the
Mercy-Seat, we rather think they are symbols of the divine majesty and power of God. At
Eden’s gate they stand connected with the sword of justice to bar the way But here, at the
Mercy-Seat, they welcome the sinner’s approach. There is no sword now. It has been
sheathed in the victim, and they gaze upon the blood. Blessed exchange! We fear them now
no more, but rather cry, “I will abide in Thy tabernacle for ever: I will trust in the covert of
Thy wings” (Psa 61:4). “Because Thou hast been my refuge, therefore in the shadow of Thy
wings will I rejoice” (Psa 63:7).

The rings and staves speak of the pilgrim character. If God’s saints are wanderers in the
desert. He will be with them all the way. The Ark accompanied them throughout. It stood in
Jordan’s dried-up bed, until they crossed in safety. It compassed the walls of Jericho. Then,
when the wilderness was past and the conflicts over, it was carried into the Temple and
deposited on the golden floor and its staves were then drawn out. The pilgrim host had
reached their home. And so shall we, beloved. Till then, we have God with us and for us
The FLOOR of the Tabernacle was sand. Above and around the glories of Christ have filled
the eye, but below, there was nothing but the desert sand. The priest, stood within the holy
circle, surrounded by the shadows of heavenly things, but, like ourselves, he was literally in
the desert. We are reminded daily that this is not our rest. But the Holy City with the golden
street is yonder, gleaming in the distance, with its glory and its song. Thither let out pilgrim
steps press on. Burning sands and deserts with thorns may hurt our wearied feet, but an
hour with our Lord will make up for it all. The rest and calm of that bright home awaits us,
and a warm welcome by the Lord of the place. “For the Lord Himself shall descend from
Heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel and the trump of God, and the dead in
Christ shall rise first. Then WE, who are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord, shall
be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. So shall we ever
be with the Lord.”

The Levites and their Work

The Levites are typical of believers as “the servants of Jesus Christ”. Their work was to bear
the Tabernacle and the holy vessels through the desert, to set it up according to the divine
pattern in the divinely-ordered place, and to take it down when the cloud arose for the
journeying of the camp. Their call, their qualification for service, and the various spheres to
which Jehovah appointed them, are all subjects of interest, upon which we may meditate
with profit to our souls.

The natural character — as we may call it — of Levi is well described in the words of his
father Jacob, as recorded in Genesis 49:5-7. Cruel, self-willed and fierce, cursed and
scattered, yet by God’s grace picked out to become the chosen servant of the house of God
— according to nature, unfit for the presence of God or the fellowship of His people. “O my
soul, come not thou into their secret; unto their assembly, mine honour, be not thou
united”, yet by grace the union with Simeon is dissolved, and Levi is “joined” to God’s high
priest (Num 18:2-4), to minister unto him and “to do the service of the tabernacle”. Their
standing according to nature is set aside: they are called according to grace to fill the place
of Israel’s firstborn (Num 3:12-13), a typically dead and risen people, alive unto God, in new
circumstances, with new surroundings. Thus it is that the call of God and the grace of God
hath come to us sinners of the Gentiles, who were “afar off”, having no hope “and without
God in the world”, quickening us together with Christ that we might be joined to the Lord
and become one spirit with Him. Able, like one of old to say — “By the grace of God, I am
what I am” — “Whose I am, and whom I serve” (1 Cor 15:10; Acts 27:23).

Next to their call, comes their preparation for service. Being brought nigh unto God, they
must be in a condition suited to that new position, and, having received a ministry in the
Lord, they must be qualified and furnished so that they may fulfil it. As we meditate on what
the Levites required to fit them for their ministry, we shall learn what is still required of
those who would acceptably serve the Lord in His Gospel and His House.

They were to be “cleansed” and “separated” in the presence of the whole assembly. This
was the first step. Not “education” and “ordination,” but “cleansing” and “separation.” This
accords with that “washing of regeneration” and conversion to God, so frequently enjoined
upon all who would serve the Lord Christ. Apart from these, no sinner ever can become a
servant of God. Men who have never been born again may be voted into places of
ecclesiastical power by the fellows, or appointed to them by their patrons; they may preach
and teach and “adminster the sacraments”, but, without God’s call and His qualifications for
service, they are the servants of Satan. Nor is conversion the only qualification that God
requires. The Levites, having been cleansed by another, were afterwards to cleave their
flesh and wash their clothes and so “make themselves clean”. This accords with the words
written to those who had already been separated from the unequal yokes and fellowships
of darkness (see 2 Cor 6:14-17), unto being received of God for His service here. “Having
therefore these promises, beloved, let us cleanse ourselves from all defilement of flesh and
spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God” (2 Cor 7:1, R.V.). There is much to “lay aside” (2
Pet 2:11) and to “put off” (Col 3:8-9) after being converted, and thus the believing one is
“proved” and “blameless” before he publicly serves (1 Tim 3:10). They were given then to
Aaron as a gift (Num 8:19, with John 17:16), and by him given back to Jehovah as an offering
(Num 8:21, with John 17:10-11).

Then they were allowed to enter upon the service of the Tabernacle for a brief period of
five-and-twenty years (Num 8:24). They had no earthly inheritance given them as their
brethren of the tribes of Israel. Jehovah Himself was their inheritance, and of His offerings
they were allowed to partake (Deut 18:1-2). Their wants were bountifully supplied by their
God through their brethren, and they lacked no good thing (Num 35:4-8). It was thus with
the servants of Christ in early days. An apostle then was not ashamed to confess, “Silver and
gold have I none” (Acts 3:6), while another tells of the “loss of all things” for Christ’s
honoured name, and produces as the credentials of his apostleship the hunger, the thirst,
the nakedness, and the stripes that he endured in his path of service for God’s Gospel and
His truth. Men of these days served not for worldly advantage or “filthy lucre”. “The
ministry” was no fashionable trade in which the praise of men with worldly titles and
emoluments were secured. “Bonds and afflictions” (Acts 20:23) were God’s servants’
portion and prospects: a “dying daily” (1 Cor 15:31) their only “living”. It remained for a day
of apostasy from the truth for professed “ministers of God” to wander forth, to and fro,
seeking a “place”, like that Levite of Bethlehem-Judah who came to Micah’s house and
bargained with him to become his priest, for which he received a yearly salary, a suit of
apparel, and his victuals. For this remuneration he was “content” to stay and officiate as the
family priest, until the larger sphere of becoming priest to a tribe presented itself. The
modern custom answering to this ancient story is too well-known to require to be pointed
out. The only wonder is, that true saints of God should be found perpetuating and
supporting such a God-dishonouring system, at which sceptics point with contempt and
scorn, in evidence of the sham of modern Christianity. But the pattern and example of true
ministry abides in the written Word, and by these we are called upon to test whoever
assumes the prerogative of being “a minister of Jesus Christ” among His people.

Division of Labour

The tribe of Levi was divided into three families: Kohath, Gershon, and Merari. To each of
these a part of God’s Tabernacle was entrusted. There was diversity and division of labour,
combined with unity of purpose and action. Every man had his place given him by Jehovah.
He knew it, and kept it. Every man had his own peculiar work for which he was fitted, and all
went on under the supervision of God’s high priest (Num 4:27-33) without a jar or murmur.
The family of Merari had the boards, the bars, the pillars, and the sockets, as their burden.
When the cloud rested for the encampment of the tribes, they were the first workmen on
the spot where Jehovah’s dwelling-place was to be reared. Their first work would be to lay
down the heavy silver sockets on the bare sand of the desert. These formed the foundation
of God’s house. The shittim boards were next raised and fitted into the sockets, each in its
appointed place, and finally the bars that framed the several boards together were passed
through the golden rings. When the work of the family of Merari was ended, their brethren
of the family of Gershon began their work. To them was committed the curtains, the
coverings, the hangings, and the cords — that which beautified and sheltered the work of
the sons of Merari. The service of these two families was very closely related they were true
“yoke-fellows” and “labourers together of God” (1 Cor 3:9, R.V.).

They walked together on the journey (Num 10:17), and laboured together in the work of
building God’s house. Later still, the sons of Kohath came, bearing on their shoulders the
holy vessels — the ark, the table, the candlestick, and the altars, in their coverings of purple,
blue, scarlet, and badgers’ skins (Num 3:29-32; 4:2). They found a tabernacle already built
and beautified. Their ministry was for the furnishing of the house and its courts, for worship
and for sacrifice.

All this has its significance to us of later times, and we may meditate upon it with profit and
blessing. May the Lord enable us to do so in His fear. Here we have God’s principles of
ministry in connection with the building of His ancient house, and these principles are not
departed from but rather accentuated and emphasised in New Testament Scriptures, and in
the present work of the Lord, in the building of His dwelling-place of present time, even that
house which is the “church of the living God” (1 Tim 3:15) and “habitation of God in the
Spirit” (Eph 2:22, R.V.).

Ministry: Evangelists, Pastors, Teachers

The appointments of God regarding ministry are here seen in type in the services of the
three families of the sons of Levi.

The Merarites, with their foundations and framework, represent the evangelist and his
work; the Gershonites, with their curtains, coverings, and cords, strengthening, shielding,
and beautifying, the pastor and his work; the Kohathites, bearing with steady step the
various vessels of the sanctuary, and placing them in due order, the teacher and his
ministry.

The sphere of the evangelist is the wide world: sinners wherever he can find them are his
congregation: the Gospel of the grace of God is his message. Like the Merarite of old, he
bears the silver sockets of redemption, as the only foundation for the sinner. He goes forth
guided by the Spirit of God into the world and speaks of Christ crucified. This is his theme.
He lays the sockets on the desert sands. World-reformation is not his mission; precedent
and “stepping-stone” to the gospel of God he knows nothing of. He preaches Christ: Christ
as the Saviour, Christ as the Lord, Christ as the foundation of salvation for the sinner (Acts
4:12), Christ as the foundation of the church (Matt 16:18) and of the fellowship of the saints
(1 Cor 3:11). Then, having presented Christ, he seeks to bring sinners to Him, that they may
accept Him as Saviour and own Him as Lord. His aim is to “make disciples” (Matt. 28:19,
R.V.). And, having by the power of the gospel, accomplished this, he next gathers the saved
ones together as the Lord has commanded (Matt 18:20), and builds them according to the
Divine pattern, given in the Book. It was thus that “the churches” of early times were
formed. There was the preaching of “Christ crucified” (1 Cor 2:2), the laying of the
foundation of the assembly (1 Cor 3:10), and the “preaching of the Word” (Acts 18:11) to
those whom God had saved and gathered together. All this was embraced in the “work of
an evangelist” in days of old. In modern evangelism he is said to “preach the Gospel only”,
whatever this may mean. If God gives blessing in the conversion of sinners, he is not
expected to have anything further to say to them, certainly not to gather or build them
together as God had appointed, but rather to move on, as the ostrich who leaveth her eggs
in the sand, where the foot of man may crush them (Job 39:14-15).

The Merarites’ work was immediately followed by that of their fellow-labourers the
Gershonites, who with the cords strengthened, with the coverings sheltered, and with the
curtains beautified what their brethren had builded. This is the work of the pastor. He co-
operates with and follows up the evangelist. His work is to care for and shepherd the flock
to seek out the young, heal the broken, and feed the standing still (Zech. 11:16). It was thus
that Barnabas, “the Son of consolation” — a true Gershonite — followed up the “men of
Cyrene” in their work at Antioch, exhorting the converts to “cleave” to the Lord (Acts 11:23).
It was when this most blessed work had been neglected that the Lord lamented — “My
tabernacle is spoiled, and all My cords are broken: My children are gone forth from Me, and
they are not: there is none to stretch forth My tent any more, and to set up My curtains, for
THE PASTORS are become brutish, and have not sought the Lord” (Jer 10:20-21). Words too
sadly true, of our own time.

The Tabernacle being now set up and beautified, it remained for the sons of Kohath to carry
in the holy vessels and put them in their ordered places in the house and courts of Jehovah.
This is the work of the teacher. He brings in with wise and steady step in their due order,
and as the saints are able to hear, the truths of which these holy vessels are the types. The
Brazen Altar telling of the Perfect Sacrifice and the believer’s acceptance in Christ; the Laver
telling of his daily cleansing, and on to the antitypes of the Altar, the Table, and the
Candlestick — the standing of the saints as risen with Christ, worshipping at the Altar,
feeding at the Table, communing at the Mercy Seat. And thus by steady, continuous
“toil in the Lord” does the “work of the Lord” go on from day to day — and from age to age,
in spite of man’s opposition and Satan’s hindrance. And thus it will continue until the time
of wilderness warfare and service shall have run its course. Then as of old, when in the days
of Solomon’s glory the Levites exchanged the burdens of the Tabernacle and its vessels for
rest and praise (see 1 Chron 23:25-30) amid the glories of the Kingdom. so shall those who
have served the Lord Jesus in His gospel, His church, and His truth, receive in the millennial
and eternal kingdom and glory of their Lord, the reward of their labours and tears of the
wilderness days. And there, amid the unsullied glory of the eternal rest, where no tear of
sorrow shall ever drop, or groan of pain be heard, where God is all in all, and the Lamb is all
the glory — there “His servants shall serve Him, and they shall see His face” (Rev 22:3-4).
Praise ye the Lord. Amen and Amen.