4ch1 2c Que 20230614

Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
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Centre Number Candidate Number
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Pearson Edexcel International GCSE (9−1)
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Tuesday 13 June 2023
Morning (Time: 1 hour 15 minutes) Paper
reference 4CH1/2C
Chemistry  
UNIT: 4CH1
PAPER: 2C
You must have: Total Marks

Calculator
Instructions
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
centre number and candidate number.
•• Answer all questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
• Show all the steps in any calculations and state the units.
Information
•• The total mark for this paper is 70.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Write your answers neatly and in good English.
•• Try to answer every question.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P71952A
©2023 Pearson Education Ltd.
N:1/1/
*P71952A0120*
2

The Periodic Table of the Elements
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0
1 4
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 2
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
3 4 atomic (proton) number 5 6 7 8 9 10
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 63.5 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
85 88 89 91 93 96 [98] 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
133 137 139 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 [209] [210] [222]
Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium lanthanum hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
*P71952A0220*
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
[223] [226] [227] [261] [262] [266] [264] [277] [268] [271] [272]
Fr Ra Ac* Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Elements with atomic numbers 112–116 have been reported but not fully
francium radium actinium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium
authenticated
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111
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* The lanthanoids (atomic numbers 58–71) and the actinoids (atomic numbers 90–103) have been omitted. st
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The relative atomic masses of copper and chlorine have not been rounded to the nearest whole number. om
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DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
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Answer ALL questions.
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Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
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answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross .
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1 Use the Periodic Table to help you answer this question.
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(a) (i) Name the element with atomic number 14.
(1)
silicon
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(ii) Name the element in Group 2 and Period 3.

(1)
magnesium
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(iii) Name an element that is a liquid at room temperature.

(1)
mercury
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(iv) Give the electronic configuration of an atom of phosphorus.

(1)
2.8.5
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(v) Give the formula of sodium sulfide.

(1)
Na2S
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(b) Explain, in terms of electron configuration, why neon is unreactive.

(2)
Neon has a full outer shell so it doesnt need to gain or lose any electrons
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)
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2 This question is about gases in the atmosphere.
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(a) Which of these gases has the lowest percentage by volume in the atmosphere?
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(1)
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A argon
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B carbon dioxide
C nitrogen
D oxygen
(b) When copper(II) carbonate is heated, copper(II) oxide and carbon dioxide form.
(i) What is the name of this type of reaction?
(1)
A addition
B decomposition
C oxidation
D substitution
(ii) Which colour change occurs when copper(II) carbonate is heated?

(1)
A blue to black
B blue to orange
C green to black
D green to orange
(iii) Give the chemical equation for this reaction.

(1)
CuCO3 CuO+CO2
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(c) A student uses this apparatus to find the percentage of oxygen in a sample of air.
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gas syringe air
conical flask
wet iron filings
The student leaves the apparatus until there is no further change in volume of gas
in the syringe.
These are the student’s results.
volume of gas in flask and connecting tube in cm3 280
volume of gas in syringe at start in cm3 100
volume of gas in syringe at end in cm3 27
Calculate the percentage of oxygen in the sample of air.

Give your answer to two significant figures.
(4)
percentage of oxygen = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %
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(d) Explain why an increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is likely to
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cause a problem for the environment.
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causes global warming as carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas
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*P71952A0720*
BLANK PAGE
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3 This question is about alcohols.
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Ethanol can be manufactured using two different methods.
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• hydration of ethene
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• fermentation of glucose
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This is the equation for hydration.
C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH
(a) Complete the equation for fermentation.

(2)
2C2H5OH 2CO2
C6H12O6 → . . . . . . . . . . . ................................................... + ..............................................................
(b) The table gives some information about the two methods.
Hydration Fermentation
Reagents ethene and steam aqueous glucose
Catalyst phosphoric acid enzymes in yeast
Temperature in °C 300 30
Pressure in atmospheres 60-70 1
Rate of process fast slow
Purity of product pure impure
(i) Complete the table by giving the missing information.

(3)
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(ii) Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of using fermentation rather
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than hydration to produce ethanol.
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You should use information from the table to help your answer.
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advantage
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utilizes a lower temperature, requiring less heat

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disadvantage
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it is slower than hydration. Fermentation performs less effectively than hydration

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(c) Explain why fermentation needs to occur in the absence of air.

(2)
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in the presence of air, the ethanol can oxidise to ethanoic acid.

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(d) Propanol has this percentage composition by mass.
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C = 60.0% H = 13.3% O = 26.7%
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(i) Show by calculation that the empirical formula of propanol is C3H8O.
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(ii) Draw the displayed formula of propanol.
(1)
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*P71952A01120*
BLANK PAGE
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4 A student does a titration to find the concentration of potassium hydroxide solution.
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This is the student’s method.
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• add 25.0 cm3 of the potassium hydroxide solution to a conical flask
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• add a few drops of methyl orange indicator to the conical flask
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• fill a burette with dilute sulfuric acid and record the initial burette reading
• place the conical flask on a white tile
• add the acid from the burette to the mixture in the conical flask, swirling the
flask continuously
• when the indicator changes colour at the end point, record the final
burette reading
Repeat the titration to obtain concordant results.
(a) Give the name of the most suitable piece of apparatus to measure out 25.0 cm3 of
potassium hydroxide solution.
(1)
pipette
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(b) Give the colour of methyl orange in potassium hydroxide solution and in dilute
sulfuric acid.
(2)
colour in potassium hydroxide solution
yellow
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colour in dilute sulfuric acid

red
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(c) State why the student places the conical flask on a white tile.
(1)
to see the colour change more easily
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(d) State why the student swirls the flask continuously.

(1)
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to mix the solutions in the flask

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(e) State what is meant by the term concordant results.
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two results that are within 0.1 cm3 of each other
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(f ) The student finds that 15.00 cm3 of sulfuric acid of concentration 0.180 mol / dm3
neutralises 25.0 cm3 of potassium hydroxide solution.
This is the equation for the reaction.
2KOH + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2H2O
Calculate the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution.

(3)
concentration = .................................................... . . . . . . . . . . mol / dm3

(g) This is the ionic equation for the reaction between an acid and an alkali.
H+(aq) + OH−(aq) → H2O(l)
Explain why the OH− ion is a proton acceptor in this reaction.

(2)
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they bond to H+ ions and form water. H+ ions is a proton

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5 When copper(II) sulfate solution is electrolysed, copper forms at the
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negative electrode.
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A student uses this apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of
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copper(II) sulfate solution.
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power supply
+ –
lamp
positive electrode negative electrode
copper(II) sulfate solution
(a) Describe how the student could test a sample of copper(II) sulfate solution to
show that it contains copper(II) ions.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Addition of sodium hydroxide solution to the copper sulfate solution will form a light blue precipitate ,
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Describe how copper metal forms at the negative electrode.

(3)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Positively charged copper ions are attracted to the negative electrode, where they accept electrons to form
copper atoms.
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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*P71952A01420* 
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(c) State the appearance of the copper that forms on the negative electrode.
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(1)
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(d) Oxygen forms at the positive electrode.
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(i) Give a test for oxygen.
(1)
the Glowing splint reignites if oxygen is present
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Complete the half-equation for the formation of oxygen at the

positive electrode.
(2)
4H+ O2 4e-
2H2O → . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... + .............................................................. + ............................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) State why the formation of oxygen at the positive electrode is an

oxidation reaction.
(1)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
electrons r lost
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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6 Ethanoic acid reacts with methanol to form an ester.
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The equation shows the displayed formulae for the reactants and products.
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H O H H O H
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H C C O H + H C O H → H C C O C H + H O H
H H H H
(a) (i) Give the name of a suitable catalyst to increase the rate of this reaction.
(1)
sulfuric acid
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(ii) State how you would know that an ester has formed.
(1)
esters have a sweet smell
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Give the name of this ester.

(1)
methyl ethanoate
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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(b) The table shows the number of bonds in the reactants and the number of bonds
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in the products.
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Bond C H C C C O C O O H
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Number of bonds in reactants 6 1 2 1 2
Number of bonds in products 6 1 2 1 2
(i) State which two bonds need to be broken in the reactants.

(1)
C--O and O--H
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Explain why the enthalpy change in this reaction is approximately 0 kJ / mol.
(2)
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
the same pair of bonds is produced and broken. The total enthalpy change is zero since the energy
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
required to break bonds is equal to the energy released when bonds form.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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 *P71952A01720* Turn over
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7 Methane reacts with steam to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
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This is the equation for the reaction.
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CH4(g) + H2O(g)  CO(g) + 3H2(g) ∆H = +206 kJ / mol
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(a) State why carbon monoxide is poisonous to humans.
(1)
Carbon monoxide binds with haemoglobin
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Explain the effect, if any, on the yield of hydrogen at equilibrium when a nickel
catalyst is used.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
both the forward and backward response rates rise proportionately meaning there will be no effect
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) The reaction conditions for this reaction are a temperature of 700 °C and a
pressure of 5 atmospheres.
(i) The temperature of the reaction mixture is reduced to 600 °C, but the pressure
is kept at 5 atmospheres.
Explain the effect on the yield of hydrogen at equilibrium.
(2)
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Since the forward reaction is endothermic, the equilibrium moves to the side of the reactants,
reducing yield.
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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*P71952A01820* 
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(ii) The pressure of the reaction mixture is reduced to 4 atmospheres, but the
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temperature is kept at 700 °C.
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Explain the effect on the yield of hydrogen at equilibrium.
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................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The equilibrium moves to the products side because there are 2 mol on the LHS and 4 mol on the RHS.
Therefore yield increases
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) Calculate the volume, in dm3, of methane gas at rtp needed to produce 6.6 tonnes
of hydrogen gas.
[at rtp, molar volume = 24 dm3 1 tonne = 106 g]
Give your answer in standard form.
(4)
volume of methane = ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dm3

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS
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*P71952A02020*
BLANK PAGE
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You must have: Total Marks

7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20

(ii) Name the element in Group 2 and Period 3.

(iii) Name an element that is a liquid at room temperature.

(iv) Give the electronic configuration of an atom of phosphorus.

(v) Give the formula of sodium sulfide.

(b) Explain, in terms of electron configuration, why neon is unreactive.

(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)

(ii) Which colour change occurs when copper(II) carbonate is heated?

(iii) Give the chemical equation for this reaction.

volume of gas in flask and connecting tube in cm3 280

volume of gas in syringe at start in cm3 100

volume of gas in syringe at end in cm3 27

Calculate the percentage of oxygen in the sample of air.

percentage of oxygen = .............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . %

(Total for Question 2 = 10 marks)

C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH

(a) Complete the equation for fermentation.

Reagents ethene and steam aqueous glucose

Catalyst phosphoric acid enzymes in yeast

Pressure in atmospheres 60-70 1

Rate of process fast slow

Purity of product pure impure

(i) Complete the table by giving the missing information.

utilizes a lower temperature, requiring less heat

it is slower than hydration. Fermentation performs less effectively than hydration

(c) Explain why fermentation needs to occur in the absence of air.

in the presence of air, the ethanol can oxidise to ethanoic acid.

(Total for Question 3 = 15 marks)

colour in dilute sulfuric acid

(d) State why the student swirls the flask continuously.

to mix the solutions in the flask

two results that are within 0.1 cm3 of each other

2KOH + H2SO4 → K2SO4 + 2H2O

Calculate the concentration of the potassium hydroxide solution.

concentration = .................................................... . . . . . . . . . . mol / dm3

H+(aq) + OH−(aq) → H2O(l)

Explain why the OH− ion is a proton acceptor in this reaction.

they bond to H+ ions and form water. H+ ions is a proton

(Total for Question 4 = 11 marks)

positive electrode negative electrode

copper(II) sulfate solution

(b) Describe how copper metal forms at the negative electrode.

(ii) Complete the half-equation for the formation of oxygen at the

(iii) State why the formation of oxygen at the positive electrode is an

(Total for Question 5 = 10 marks)

(iii) Give the name of this ester.

Number of bonds in products 6 1 2 1 2

(i) State which two bonds need to be broken in the reactants.

(Total for Question 6 = 6 marks)

volume of methane = ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dm3

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 70 MARKS

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