CHAPTER 1 PRE TEST

1. It means doing honest, truthful and sincere work in school or

college *
2 points

Academic Honesty
Academic Integrity
Academic Fairness
All of the above

2. Academic honesty means making use of one’s ________.

*
2 points

Own feelings
Ideas
Knowledge and Information
All of the Above

3. Academic integrity demands _________.

*
2 points

Truthfulness
Fairness
Accuracy
All of the above

4. It occurs when you, intentionally, or due to your own negligence,

use someone else’s words, ideas, or data without proper
acknowledgment.
*
2 points

Copying
Stealing
Plagiarism
None of the above

5. Is the word-for-word transcription of a section of someone else’s

work, without attribution and without quotation marks.
*
2 points
Direct Plagiarism
Mosaic Plagiarism
Self-Plagiarism
Accidental Plagiarism

6. It occurs when a student submits his or her own previous work, or

mixes parts of previous works, without permission from all professors
involved.
*
2 points

Direct Plagiarism
Self-Plagiarism
Mosaic Plagiarism
Accidental Plagiarism

7. It occurs when a student borrows phrases from a source without

using quotation marks, or finds synonyms for the author’s language
while keeping to the same general structure and meaning of the
original.
*
2 points

Accidental Plagiarism
Self-Plagiarism
Mosaic Plagiarism
Direct Plagiarism

8. It occurs when a writer reuses a mix of word, phrases, and ideas

from a source without indicating which words and ideas have been
borrowed and/or without properly citing the source.
*
2 points

Plagiarism
Direct Plagiarism
Accidental Plagiarism
None of the above

9. The following choices shows how to avoid Plagiarism except one:

*
2 points

All citation needs a reference

All sources needs citation
Re-use your own work
Do not copy the work of others

10. The following choices shows examples of Plagiarism except

one:
*
2 points

Citing a source you did not actually find and read

Inaccurately citing the source.
Relying too heavily on other people’s work.
Copied words need to be in quotation marks

CHAPTER 1 QUIZ
1. It occurs when a student borrows phrases from a source without using
quotation marks, or finds synonyms for the author’s language while keeping
to the same general structure and meaning of the original.*

2 points

Accidental Plagiarism
Self-Plagiarism
Mosaic Plagiarism
Direct Plagiarism

2. It occurs when a writer reuses a mix of word, phrases, and ideas from a
source without indicating which words and ideas have been borrowed and/or
without properly citing the source.
*

2 points

Plagiarism
Direct Plagiarism
Accidental Plagiarism
None of the above
3. It is the word-for-word transcription of a section of someone else’s work,
without attribution and without quotation marks.
*

2 points

Direct Plagiarism
Mosaic Plagiarism
Self-Plagiarism
Accidental Plagiarism

4. It occurs when a student submits his or her own previous work, or mixes
parts of previous works, without permission from all professors involved.
*

2 points

Direct Plagiarism
Self-Plagiarism
Mosaic Plagiarism
Accidental Plagiarism

5. Academic Honesty means doing honest, truthful and sincere work in

school or college.
*

2 points

True
False

6. It means doing honest, truthful and sincere work in school or college.

*

2 points

Academic Honesty
Academic Integrity
Academic Excellence
Academic Interest
7. It means making use of one’s own feelings, ideas, thoughts, knowledge
and information in writing papers, articles, taking examinations,
presentations, group discussions and other activities that take place within
the classroom setting during the course of academic learning.
*

2 points

Academic Honesty
Academic Integrity
Academic Excellence
Academic Interest

8. The use of another student’s ideas or words on an examination or report

obviously constitutes _______ and is taken seriously by the faculty.
*

2 points

Plagiarism
Academic Honesty
Academic Dishonesty
Academic Excellence

9. _______ are seen not only as dishonest but also as incompetent, incapable
of doing research and expressing original thoughts.
*

2 points

Cheater
Plagiarist
Fake person
Dishonest person

10. This kind of paraphrasing, whether intentional or not, is academically

dishonest and punishable
*

2 points
Mosaic Plagiarism
Self-Plagiarism
Patch writing
Accidental Plagiarism

11. A ______ tells us wherein a source you took words or ideas from.
*

2 points

Link
Reference
Citation
Article

12. Copied words need to be in _______ and _____.

*

2 points

Quotation marks, Cited

Underlined, Bold
Italic, Bold
Quotation marks, Italic

13. When you copy the exact words from any source, such as a print book,
article, or anything on the Internet, you must put ______around the copied
words and include a citation.
*

2 points

Underline
Quotation marks
Parenthesis
Asterisk

14. A ________ is putting someone else’s ideas or facts into your own words.
*
2 points

Quote
Transcript
Paraphrase
Restatement

15. A paraphrase does not need quotation marks but still needs a _____.
*

2 points

Reference
Citation
Source
Transcript

16. To _______, you must change both the words and the structure of the
sentence.
*

2 points

Paraphrase
Transcript
Quote
Restatement

17. It is plagiarism to _____ an assignment or parts of an assignment by

submitting them in a different assignment.
*

2 points

Change
Delete
Design
Re-use
18. In order to promote academic integrity there should be an environment of
_______, communicating freely with each other and enabling everybody to be
well trained in order to achieve their potential goals.
*

2 points

Honesty
Peacefulness
Mutual trust
Unity

19. There should be prevalence of fair _______, dealings in all interactions as

well as transactions that are carried out in an academic institution.
*

2 points

Trust
Attitude
Values
Use

20. In order to reward both teaching and learning on the part of the
instructors and the students respectively, it is essential to show as well as
have ______ for everybody else’s opinion, ideas, thoughts, feelings and
performance.
*

2 points

Respect
Faith
Trust
Value
CHAPTER 2 PRE TEST
1. It is a structured enquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific
methodology to solve problems and create new knowledge that is
generally applicable.*
2 points

Research
Application
Pure research
Applied research

2. It involves developing and testing theories and hypotheses that are

intellectually challenging to the researcher but may or may not have
practical application at the present time or in the future.
*
2 points

Applied research
Pure research
Research
Descriptive research

3. It is done to solve specific, practical questions; for policy

formulation, administration and understanding of a phenomenon.
*
2 points

Explanatory research
Descriptive research
Applied Research
Pure research

4. It attempts to describe systematically a situation, problem,

phenomenon, service or program, or provides information about , say,
living condition of a community, or describes attitudes towards
an issue.
*
2 points

Descriptive research
Explanatory research
Correlational research
Exploratory research
5. It attempts to discover or establish the existence of a relationship/
interdependence between two or more aspects of a situation.
*
2 points

Correlational researchOption 1
Exploratory research
Explanatory research
Descriptive research

6. It attempts to clarify why and how there is a relationship between

two or more aspects of a situation or phenomenon.
*
2 points

Explanatory research
Exploratory research
Correlational research
Descriptive research

7. It is undertaken to explore an area where little is known or to

investigate the possibilities of undertaking a particular research study
(feasibility study/pilot study).
*
2 points

Descriptive research
Exploratory research
Explanatory research
Correlational research

8. It is an investigation on basic principles and reasons for occurrence

of a particular event or process or phenomenon.
*
2 points

Research
Detailed research
Basic research
Applied research

9. It is based on the measurement of quantity or amount

*
2 points
Qualitative research
Quantitative research
Action research
Applied research

10. It is concerned with qualitative phenomenon involving quality.

*
2 points

Action research
Applied research
Quantitative research
Qualitative research

CHAPTER 2 QUIZ
1. _________ mean approaches e.g. qualitative, quantitative and the academic
discipline in which you
have been trained.*

2 points

Validity
Unbiased and objective
Philosophies
Reliability

2. _________ means that correct procedures have been applied to find answers
to a question.
*

2 points

Validity
Unbiased and objective
Philosophies
Reliability
3. _________ refers to the quality of a measurement procedure that provides
repeatability and accuracy.
*

2 points

Validity
Unbiased and objective
Philosophies
Reliability

4. _________ means that you have taken each step in an unbiased manner and
drawn each conclusion to the best of your ability and without introducing
your own vested interest.
*

2 points

Validity
Unbiased and objective
Philosophies
Reliability

5. _________ is a structured enquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific

methodology to solve problems and create new knowledge that is generally
applicable.
*

2 points

Research
Research methodology
Research method
Research application

6. This implies that the procedure adopted to undertake an investigation

follow a certain logical sequence.
*

2 points
Systematic
Valid and verifiable
Empirical
Critical

7. This concept implies that whatever you conclude on the basis of your
findings is correct and can be verified by you and others.
*

2 points

Systematic
Valid and verifiable
Empirical
Critical

8. This means that any conclusions drawn are based upon hard evidence
gathered from information collected from real life experiences or
observations.
*

2 points

Systematic
Valid and verifiable
Empirical
Critical

9. _________ is a process of collecting, analyzing and interpreting information

to answer questions.
*

2 points

Research
Research methodology
Research method
Research application
10. What are the two broad categories of research?
*

2 points

Pure research and applied research

Pure research and application research
Applied research and application research
None of the above

11. It is a structured enquiry that utilizes acceptable scientific methodology

to solve problems and create new knowledge that is generally applicable.
*

2 points

Research
Application
Pure research
Applied research

12. It involves developing and testing theories and hypotheses that are
intellectually challenging to the researcher but may or may not have
practical application at the present time or in the future.
*

2 points

Applied research
Pure research
Research
Descriptive research

13. It is done to solve specific, practical questions; for policy formulation,

administration and understanding of a phenomenon.
*

2 points

Explanatory research
Descriptive research
Applied Research
Pure research

14. It attempts to describe systematically a situation, problem, phenomenon,

service or program, or provides information about , say, living condition of a
community, or describes attitudes towards
an issue.
*

2 points

Descriptive research
Explanatory research
Correlational research
Exploratory research

15. It attempts to discover or establish the existence of a relationship/

interdependence between two or more aspects of a situation.
*

2 points

Correlational research
Exploratory research
Explanatory research
Descriptive research

16. It attempts to clarify why and how there is a relationship between two or
more aspects of a situation or phenomenon.
*

2 points

Explanatory research
Correlational research
Descriptive research

17. It is undertaken to explore an area where little is known or to investigate

the possibilities of undertaking a particular research study (feasibility
study/pilot study).
*

2 points

Descriptive research
Exploratory research
Explanatory research
Correlational research

18. It is an investigation on basic principles and reasons for occurrence of a

particular event or process or phenomenon.
*

2 points

Research
Detailed research
Basic research
Applied research

19. It is based on the measurement of quantity or amount.

*

2 points

Qualitative research
Quantitative research
Action research
Applied research

20. Itis concerned with qualitative phenomenon involving quality

*

2 points

Action research
Applied research
Quantitative research
Qualitative research
CHAPTER 3 PRE TEST
1. __________ are the strategies, processes or techniques utilized in the
collection of data or evidence for analysis in order to uncover new
information or create better understanding of a topic.*
2 points

Research Methods
Mixed Methods
Effective Methods
Model Methods

2. One particular method could be better suited to your research goal

than others.
*
2 points

Research Methods
Mixed Methods
Effective Methods
Model Methods

3. Integration of the processes within one chain it is a process of

arrangement all the operational resources that transforms inputs to
outputs that satisfy customer needs.*
2 points

Presentation of the problem

Presentation of the process
Presentation of the effectiveness
Presentation of the Research

4. The relational processes between those processes, this relational

process is called?
*
2 points

Integration Process
Maintenance Process
Individual Process
Operational Process
5. It is returned to the definitions of operations management and finds
the total operations of function.
*
2 points

Problem Formulation
Individual Discussion
Presentation of the Problem
Problem Discussion

6. It is a process of arrangement planning and scheduling all the

operational resources.
*
2 points

Problem Formulation
Individual Discussion
Presentation of the problem
Problem Discussion

7. Authors shall describe the difference between existing system’s

capabilities with the lacks
*
2 points

Purpose
Relevance
Process
Reveal

8. The problem will theoretically and empirically investigate the study

using both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies.
*
2 points

Problem Formulation
Individual Discussion
Presentation of the Problem

9. The scope may focus on specific variables, specific participants and

specific sites
*
2 points

Formulation
Scope
Limitation
Delimitation

10. This research work is to develop a model that deals with the
integration losses.
*
2 points

Relevance
Problem
Purpose
Product

CHAPTER 3 QUIZ
1. It concerns about resources of whole operations and not only to insure
that the operation is working.*

1 point

Production Process (Correct Answer)

Theory Building
Conceptual Abstract
Empirical Level

2. What are the needs to investigate how the industry treats the IT systems?
*

1 point

Mind set and Power

Allegation and Believed
Integration Losses and Adaptive (Correct Answer)
Empirical Level and Process

3. There is a lack of empirical studies explaining of how should the

maintenance integrating with?
*

1 point
Researcher System
Theory System
Company System
Data System

4. It usually requires more expertise and resources to collect ______?

*

1 point

System
Data
Abstract
Method

5. It can use these methods as thematic analysis to interpret patterns and

meanings in the data.
*

1 point

Quantitative
Quantitative Data
Qualitative
Qualitative Data

6. Can often adjust your methods as you go to develop new knowledge

*

1 point

Quantitative
Quantitative Data
Qualitative
Qualitative Data

7. All the operational resources that transform that satisfy customer needs.
*

1 point
Input to Output
Output to Input
Input to Input
Output to Output

8. The approach begins with a theory and uses theory to guide which
observations to make it moves from the general to the particular.
*

1 point

Purpose
Integration Process
Relevance
Theory Testing

9. Is any original information that you collect for the purposes of answering
your research question.
*

1 point

Primary Data
Delimitation
Descriptive
Data

10. It can allow describing your research subject without influencing it.
*

1 point

Technique
Relevance
Descriptive
Experiments

11. Is information that has already been collected by other researcher?

*
1 point

Primary Data
Quantitative Data
Secondary Data
Qualitative Data

12. Can eliminated or reduce the overlapping and frictions within specific
process.
*

1 point

Suitable Integration Practices

Variation In Demand
Maintenance Process
Method and Techniques

13. Can be used to systematically describe large collections of things

*

1 point

Quantitative
Experimental
Qualitative
Explanatory

14. This is supporting the suitable within the complicated conditions

*

1 point

Mixed Method
Limitation and Delimitation
Method and Techniques
Presentation of the Problem
15. Which tries to insure that plant, systems, machines and equipment are
working?
*

1 point

Integration Process
Maintenance Process
Production Process
Human Management Process

16. It deals with employment aspects

*

1 point

Integration Process
Maintenance Process
Production Process
Human Management Process

17. They shall describe the difference between existing system’s capabilities
with the lacks
*

1 point

Author
Student
Researcher
Producer

18. Refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the different
components.
*

1 point

Research Design
Research Method
Research Data
Research Description

19. Descriptions can be concrete or abstract.

*

1 point

Descriptive Research
Explanatory Research
Research Method
Experimental Research

20. It is quite a different thing to develop explanations about why the crime
rate is as high as it is.
*

1 point

Experimental Research
Descriptive Research
Explanatory Research
Research Method

21. There is a lack of empirical studies explaining of how should the

maintenance integrating with company systems.
*

1 point

Purpose
Methods
Relevance
Process

22. The scope may focus on specific variables, specific participants and
specific sites,
*

1 point
Formulation
Scope
Limitation
Delimitation

23. Adequate and user-friendly model for identifying the integration losses is
one of the motivating reasons.
*

1 point

Working Ability
Systematic
Theoretically Crystallite
Feasibility

24. One of powerful feature of the model to show that increasing the
recognition of integration role.
*

1 point

Working Ability
Systematic
Theoretically Crystallite
Feasibility

25. Aim to identify potential weaknesses of the study for all statistical
procedures and research strategies.
*

1 point

Delimitation
Limitation
Mixed Method
Feasibility
CHAPTER 4 PRE TEST
1. Concerns the comprehensive research of literature in the language
of the country*
2 points

Local Studies
Local Literature
Foreign Studies
Foreign Literature

2. Which suggests that most of the inefficiencies are in the form of

deficient revenues rather than excessive costs?
*
2 points

Local Studies
Local Literature
Foreign Studies
Foreign Literature

3. A set of substantially similar controlled/laboratory

simulations/experiments that were done on the same topic.
*
2 points

Review Literature
Review Foreign
Review Studies
Review Local

4. Which is particularly important, stick to this list, as it is very easy to

get side tracked
*
2 points

Literature Review
Local Review
Foreign Review
Studies Review

5. A good literature review needs a clear line of what?

*
2 points

Statement
Thought
Feelings
Argument

6. Who can also observe the measurement of inefficiency varies

considerably depending on the choice?
*
2 points

Author
Researcher
Student
Teacher

7. It belongs to the small group visits to the department by

arrangement only
*
2 points

Local Literature
Foreign Literature
Local Studies
Foreign Studies

8. What is the meaning of CIPPA?

*
2 points

Communicate Intervention Philippine Power Authority

Commission in Pilipino Power Agency
Computerized Index to Philippine Periodical Articles
Computer Invest Philippine Peso Agency

9. Framework for describing maintenance management systems.

*
2 points

Local Review
Local Studies
Literature Review
Foreign Studies
10. Who defined the basic components of any maintenance
management system?
*
2 points

Harvey H. Kaiser
Al Najjar B.
Kelly A.
Duffuaa S.

CHAPTER 4 QUIZ
1. A description of what others have published in the form of a set of
summaries*
Foreign Literature
Review of Literature
Local Literature
Review Studies

2. A synthesis and analysis of the relevant published work, linked at all times
to your own what?
*
Purpose and Rationale
Maintenance System
Function View
IDEF0 Method

3. A number of conflicting study results have been published over?

*
Lengthy Time-Frame
Fault Finding
Small Groups
Design out Maintenance
4. The financial institutions have been the subject of considerable
examination.
*
Local Literature
Local Studies
Foreign Literature
Foreign Studies

5. Types of thought that something was rubbish and can use words.
*
Inconsistent
Lacking in Certain areas
Based on false assumption
All of the above

6. One of the local materials usually printed and found in books, professional
journals and magazines.
*
Books and Newspapers
News and Magazines
Books and Information’s File at Filipiniana Unit
Magazines and Journals

7. A scale and product-mix inefficiencies are found to account for less than
of what costs?
*
5%
10%
15%
20%

8. A filed that has been discussed the important of the maintenance role
inside the companies.
*
Maintenance Management Literature
Maintenance Organization System
Maintenance Appraisal System
Out-sourcing Maintenance

9. A researcher will be given a booklist or directed towards areas of useful

published work*
Literature Studies
Local Studies
Local Review
Literature Review

10. It includes the essential management activities that guide policies and
procedures.
*
Maintenance Management Literature
Maintenance Management System
Maintenance Appraisal System
Out-sourcing Maintenance

11. Can summarize the information system features needed to monitor the
comparison of actual to planned results.
*
Maintenance Management Literature
Maintenance Organization System
Maintenance Appraisal System
Out-sourcing Maintenance

12. Can be viewed as a simple input-output model.

*
Maintenance Management Literature
Maintenance Organization System
Maintenance System
Out-sourcing Maintenance
13. Requires the contracting out of a large segment of the shutdown work
backlog.
*
Maintenance Management Literature
Maintenance Organization System
Maintenance Appraisal System
Out-sourcing Maintenance

14. It is based on the philosophy that maintenance is a key function of the

company
*
Maintenance Management Literature
Maintenance Organization System
Reliability Centered Maintenance
Out-sourcing Maintenance

15. It includes three separate architectures as a part of its process.

*
Design the Architecture
Process Control View
Computer Aided Design
Extracting Requirements

16. Is a framework and associated methodologies to analyze and evaluate

business processes?
*
Measurement Method
Pugh Evaluation Matrix
Six Sigma Methodology
IDEF0 Method

17. Is a function hierarchy, business objectives, supporting systems and

software applications?
*
Process Control View
Design View
Data View
Function View

18. A cause is anything that affects a result but in root cause analysis we
generally think of causes as bad.
*
Data Analysis
Cause effect Analysis
System Analysis
Time Frame Analysis

19. These are the previous measures to fit processes of the integrated
systems.
*
Overall Process Efficiency
Man Machine Chart
Both A and B
None of the Above

20. A matrix that helps determine which items or potential solutions are
more important or better than others
*
Measurement Method
Pugh Evaluation Matrix
Six Sigma Methodology
IDEF0 Method

21. A dynamic models that show the behavior processes and how they relate
to the resource.
*
Process (control) View
Design View
Data View
Faction View
22. It is useful in establishing the scope of an analysis, especially for a
functional analysis.
*
Measurement Method
Pugh Evaluation Matrix
Six Sigma Methodology
IDEF0 Method

23. A static models of business information, includes: data models,

knowledge structure, information carriers, and technical terms and
databases models.
*
Process Control View
Design View
Data View
Faction View

24. It is to ensure that management is carrying out its mission, meeting its
goals and objectives.
*
Data
Analysis
Auditing
Argument

25. It must bridge the abstract early stages and the grimy detail of
implementation.
*
System Engineering
Maintenance
Auditing
Fault Finding
 CHAPTER 5 PRE TEST
Total points20/20

Instructions: Read each question and answer choice carefully and choose the ONE best answer. Try to
answer all questions.

1. Defined as a systematic investigation of phenomena by gathering

quantifiable data and performing statistical, mathematical, or computational
techniques. *

2/2
Quantitative research

Quantitative outcome research

Quantitative research templates
Primary quantitative research

2. ________ is mostly conducted in the social sciences using the statistical

methods used above to collect quantitative data from the research study.
*

2/2
Quantitative research
Quantitative outcome research

Quantitative research templates

 3. _______________ are objective, elaborate, and many times, even
investigational.
*

2/2
Quantitative research
Quantitative outcome research
Quantitative research templates

Primary quantitative research

4. It is the most widely used method of conducting market research.

*

2/2
Quantitative research
Quantitative outcome research
Quantitative research templates
Primary quantitative research

5. __________ is the most fundamental tool for all quantitative outcome

research methodologies and studies.
*

2/2
Survey Research

Cross-sectional surveys
Longitudinal surveys
Correlational research
 6. _________ are observational surveys conducted in situations where the
researcher intends to collect data from a sample of the target population at a
given point in time.
*

2/2
Survey Research
Cross-sectional surveys

Longitudinal surveys
Correlational research

7. Are also observational surveys but, unlike cross-sectional surveys,

__________ are conducted across various time durations to observe a change
in respondent behavior and thought-processes.
*

2/2
Survey Research
Cross-sectional surveys
Longitudinal surveys

Correlational research

8. ______________ is conducted to establish a relationship between two

closely-knit entities and how one impacts the other and what are the
changes that are eventually observed.
*

2/2
Survey Research
Cross-sectional surveys
Longitudinal surveys
Correlational research

9. This research method mainly depends on the factor of comparison.

*

2/2
Causal-comparative research

Experimental Research
Data collection
Probability sampling

10. Also known as true experimentation, this research method is reliant on

a theory.
*

2/2
Causal-comparative research
Experimental Research

Data collection
Probability sampling

CHAPTER 6 PRE TEST

Total points20/20
 Instructions: Read each question and answer choice carefully and choose the ONE best answer. Try to
answer all questions.

1. Is expressed numbers and graph and is analyzed through statistical

methods.
*

2/2
Data Collection
Data Sampling
Quantitative Data

All of the above

2. Data collection is a systematic process of gathering ________.

*

2/2
Observation

Ideas
Information
All of the Above

3. Operationalization means turning abstract conceptual _________.

*

2/2
Observation
Ideas

Information
All of the above

4. Is expressed in words and analyzed through interpretations and

categorizations.
*

2/2
Quantitative Data
Qualitative Data (Correct Answer)

Data Testing
None of the above

5. Interviews/focus groups and ethnography are _____________.

*

2/2
Quantitative Methods
Qualitative Methods

Probability Methods
Non-Probability Methods

6. It means turning abstract conceptual ideas into measurable

observations.
*

2/2
Observational
Operationalization

Mosaic Plagiarism
None of the above

7. Is essentially an interview method, but instead of being done 1-on-1, here

we have a group discussion.
*

2/2
Focus Group

Direct Observation
1on1 Interview
None of the above

8. One of the most common types of data collection methods in qualitative

research.
*

2/2
Focus Group
Direct Observation
1on1 Interview

None of the above

9. One of the most passive qualitative data collection methods.

*

2/2
Focus Group
Direct Observation

1on1 Interview
None of the above

10. Is a statistical analysis technique used to select, manipulate and

analyze a representative subset of data. *

2/2
Data Sampling

Data Collection
Data Testing
None of the above

CHAPTER 7 PRE TEST

Total points20/20

1. ______________ is the process of reviewing data through some predefined

processes which will help assign some meaning to the data and arrive at a
relevant conclusion. *

2/2
Data interpretation

Innumeracy Effective
Initial data analysis
Data

2. Effective analysts are generally adept with a variety of numerical

techniques. However, audiences may not have such literacy with numbers or
numeracy; they are said to be innumerate. Persons communicating the data
may also be attempting to mislead or misinform, deliberately using bad
numerical techniques.
*

2/2
Data interpretation
Innumeracy

Initial data analysis

Data

3. The most important distinction between the initial data analysis phase
and the main analysis phase, is that during initial data analysis one refrains
from any analysis that is aimed at answering the original research question.
The initial data analysis phase is guided by the following four questions
*

2/2
Data interpretation
Innumeracy Effective
Initial data analysis

Data

4. _________________ is the process of reviewing data through some

predefined processes which will help assign some meaning to the data and
arrive at a relevant conclusion. It involves taking the result of data analysis,
making inferences on the relations studied, and using them to conclude.
*

2/2
Data interpretation
Innumeracy Effective
Initial data analysis
Data

5. The data are necessary as inputs to the analysis, which is specified

based upon the requirements of those directing the analysis or customers
(who will use the finished product of the analysis).
*

2/2
Data requirements

Data
Data processing
Data cleaning

6. Data are collected from a variety of sources.

*

2/2
Data requirements
Data collection

Data processing
Data cleaning

7. Data initially obtained must be processed or organised for analysis. For

instance, these may involve placing data into rows and columns in a table
format (i.e., structured data) for further analysis, such as within a
spreadsheet or statistical software.
*
2/2
Data requirements
Data
Data processing

Data cleaning

8. Once processed and organised, the data may be incomplete, contain

duplicates, or contain errors. The need for data cleaning will arise from
problems in the way that data are entered and stored. Data cleaning is the
process of preventing and correcting these errors. Common tasks include
record matching, identifying inaccuracy of data, overall quality of existing
data, deduplication, and column segmentation.
*

2/2
Data requirements
Data
Data processing
Data cleaning

9. Once the data are cleaned, it can be analyzed. Analysts may apply a
variety of techniques referred to as exploratory data analysis to begin
understanding the messages contained in the data.
*

2/2
Exploratory data analysis

Modeling and algorithms

Data product
Communication

10. Mathematical formulas or models called algorithms may be applied to

the data to identify relationships among the variables, such as correlation or
causation.
*

2/2
Exploratory data analysis
Modeling and algorithms

Data product

Communication

CHAPTER 8 PRE TEST

Total points18/20

1. Validity *

1/1
is the extent to which a concept, conclusion or measurement is well-founded and likely corresponds
accurately to the real world.

The word "valid" is derived from the Latin lidus, meaning strong.
The validity of a measurement tool (for example, a test in education) is not the degree to which the tool
measures what it claims to measure.
is not based on the strength of a collection of different types of evidence (e.g. face validity, construct
validity, etc.) described in greater detail below.

2. Construct validity
*

2/2
refers to the not extent to which operationalizations of a construct (e.g., practical tests developed from a
theory) measure a construct as defined by a theory.
It subsumes all other types of validity.

For example, the extent to which a test measures height of a question of construct validity.
measure of nothingness presumes, among other things, that the measure is associated with things it should
be associated with (convergent validity), not associated with things it should not be associated with
(discriminant validity).

3. Content validity
*

1/1
evidence involves the degree to which the content of the test matches a content domain associated with
out the construct
evidence not involves the degree to which h the content of the test matches a content domain associated
with the construct
evidence involves the degree to which the content of the test matches a content domain associated with
the construct

evidence involves the degree to which the content of the test matches a content domain associated with
the construction

4. Criterion validity
*

0/1
evidence involves the correlation between the test and a criterion variable (or variables) taken as
representative of the construct. In other words, it compares the test with other measures or outcomes (the
criteria) already held to be not valid.
For example, employee selection tests are not often validated against measures of job performance (the
criterion), and IQ tests are often validated against measures of academic performance (the criterion)
evidence involves the correlation between the test and a criterion variable (or variables) taken as
representative of the construct. In other words, it combines the test with other measures or outcomes (the
criteria) already held to be valid.
For example, employee selection tests are often validated against measures of job performance (the
criterion), and IQ tests are often validated against measures of academic performance (the criterion).

Correct answer
For example, employee selection tests are often validated against measures of job performance (the
criterion), and IQ tests are often validated against measures of academic performance (the criterion).

5. Concurrent validity
*

1/1
refers to the degree to which the operationalization correlates with other measures of the same construct
that are measured at the same time.

refers to the degree to which the operationalization correlates with other measures of the same construct
that are measured at the same time
refers to the degree to which the operationalization correlates with out other measures of the same
construct that are measured at the same time.
refers to the degree to which the operationalization correlates with other measures of the different
construct that are measured at the same time.

6. Predictive validity
*

1/1
Not refers to the degree to which the operationalization can predict (or correlate with) other measures of
the same construct that are measured at some time in the future.
With the selection test example, this would mean that the tests are administered to applicants, all
applicants are hired, their performance is reviewed at a later time, and then their scores on the two
measures are correlated

refers to the degree to which the operationalization can predict (or correlate with) other measures of the
different construct that are measured at some time in the future
With the selection test example, this would not mean that the tests are administered to applicants, all
applicants are hired, their performance is reviewed at a later time, and then their scores on the two
measures are correlated.

7. Reliability (statistics),the part consistency of a measure

*

2/2
the part consistency of a measure
the partial consistency of a measure
the overall consistency of a measure

Option 4

8. Data integrity,
*

1/1
the assurance of the accuracy and consistency of, data over its entire half-cycle
assurance of the accuracy and consistency of integrity over its entire life-cycle
the assurance of the accuracy or consistency of data over its entire cycle
the assurance of the accuracy and consistency of, data over its entire life-cycle

9. Sampling error
*

1/1
always refers to the recognized limitations of any supposedly representative sample population in
reflecting the larger totality, and the error refers only to the discrepancy that may result from judging the
whole on the basis of a much smaller number.
This is only a perfect sample in the sense that it would automatically be corrected if the totality were itself
assessed
always refers to the recognized limitations of specific representative sample population in reflecting the
larger totality, and the error refers only to the discrepancy that may result from judging the whole on the
basis of a much smaller number.
This is only a "valid" in the sense that it would automatically be corrected if the totality were itself
assessed.

10. Random sampling

*

2/2
its derived terms such as perfect error, simply specific procedures for gathering and analyzing data that
are rigorously applied as a method for arriving at results considered representative of a given population
as a whole.
Despite a common misunderstanding, "random" does not mean the same thing as "chance" as this idea is
often used in describing situations of uncertainty, nor is it the same as projections based on an assessed
probability or frequency.

Sampling always refers to a procedure of destroying data from a small aggregation of individuals that is
purportedly representative of a larger grouping which must in principle be capable of being measured as a
totality
Random sampling is not used precisely to ensure a truly representative sample from which to draw
conclusions, in which the same results would be arrived at if one had included the entirety of the
population instead.

11. Random sampling

*

1/1
Random sampling (and sampling error) can not only be used to gather information about a single defined
point in time
If subtractedl data is gathered (other things remaining constant) then comparison across time periods may
be possible. However, this comparison is distinct from any sampling itself.
As a method for gathering data within the field of statistics, random sampling is recognized as clearly
distinct from the causal process that one is trying to measure.
The conducting of research itself may not lead to certain outcomes affecting the researched group, but this
effect is not what is called sampling error.

12. Sampling bias

*

0/1
is not possible source of sampling errors, wherein the sample is chosen in a way that makes some
individuals less likely to be included in the sample than others.
Not leads to sampling errors which either have a prevalence to be positive or negative.
Such errors cannot be considered to be systematic errors.

is a possible source of sampling errors, wherein the sample is chosen in a way that makes some
individuals less likely to be included in the sample than others.

Correct answer
is a possible source of sampling errors, wherein the sample is chosen in a way that makes some
individuals less likely to be included in the sample than others.

13. Non-sampling error

*

1/1
Sampling error can be contrasted with non-sampling error.

Non-sampling error is a catch-all term for the deviations from the true value that are function of the
sample chosen, including various systematic errors and any random errors that are not due to sampling.
Non-sampling errors are not much harder to quantify than sampling error.
Sampling error cannot be contrasted with non-sampling error

14. ______________is the extent to which a concept, conclusion or

measurement is well-founded and likely corresponds accurately to the real
world.Non-sampling error
*

2/2
Non-sampling error
Validity

Construct validity
Criterion validit

15. ______________ evidence involves the degree to which the content of the
test matches a content domain associated with the construct
*

2/2
Non-sampling error
Validity
Content validity

Criterion validity

CHAPTER 5 QUIZ
Total points19/20

Instructions: Read each question and answer choice carefully and choose the ONE best answer.
Try to answer all questions.

The respondent's email (trix.manito25@gmail.com) was recorded on submission of this form.

1. This method requires the researchers to adapt to the target audiences’

environments which could be anywhere from an organization to a city or any
remote location.*
1/1
Ethnographic research

Case study research

Focus groups
None of the above

2. This method makes use of the already existing reliable documents and
similar sources of information as the data source.
*

1/1
Ethnographic research
Record keeping

Focus groups
None of the above

3. The case study method has evolved over the past few years and
developed into a valuable quall research method.
*

1/1
Ethnographic research
Record keeping
Case study research

None of the above

 4. It is a market analysis method to learn how individuals make
complicated purchasing decisions.
*

1/1
SWOT Analysis
Conjoint Analysis

Cross-Tabulation
None of the above

5. It is one of the preliminary statistical market analysis methods which

establish relationships, patterns, and trends within the various parameters of
the research study
*

1/1
SWOT Analysis
Conjoint Analysis
Cross-Tabulation

None of the above

6. This statistical analysis technique to evaluate their performance

internally and externally to develop effective strategies for improvement
*

1/1
SWOT Analysis

Conjoint Analysis
Cross-Tabulation
None of the above

7. It is allows users to circulate surveys quickly, and the responses can be

collected both online and offline.
*

1/1
Question Pro app

QR cede
Social distribution
Embed survey on a website

8. It is the most widely used and most effective method of survey

distribution.
*

1/1
Email

Buy responded
SMS survey
Social Distribution

9. A quick and time-effective way of conducting a survey to collect a high

number of responses.
*

1/1
Email
Buy responded
SMS survey
Social Distribution

10. This research method is reliant on a theory.

*

1/1
Experimental Research

Correlational Research
Casual-comparative Research
Survey Research

11. It is conducted to establish a relationship between two closely-knit

entities and how one impacts the other and what are the changes that are
eventually observed.
*

1/1
Experiment Research
Correlational Research

Casual-comparative Research
Survey Research

12. This research method mainly depends on the factor of comparison.

*

1/1
Experiment Research
Correlational Research
Casual-comparative Research
Survey Research

13. It is the most fundamental tool for all quantitative outcome research
methodologies and studies
*

1/1
Experiment Research
Correlational Research
Casual-comparative Research
Survey Research

14. It is a systematic investigation of phenomena by gathering quantifiable

data and performing statistical, mathematical, or computational
techniques.
*

1/1
Quantitative research

Qualitative research
Experiment research
Correlational research

15. It is a market research method that focuses on obtaining data through

open-ended and conversational communication.
*

1/1
Quantitative research
Qualitative research

Experiment research
Correlational research

16. It is a process of research that uses subjective methodologies to gather

systematic information or data.
*

1/1
Process of observation

Qualitative of observation
Quantitative of observation
None of the above

17. Which of the following are the characteristics of qualitative research

methods?
*

1/1
This type of research method works towards solving complex issues by breaking down into meaningful
inferences, which is easily readable and understood by a
Qualitative researchers typically gather multiple forms of data, such as interviews, observations, and
documents, rather than rely on a single data source
Since it’s a more communicative method, people can build their trust on the researcher and the
information thus obtained is raw and unadulterated.
All of the above

18. Which of the following are NOT advantages of quantitative research?

*
0/1
Quick Data Collection
Collect reliable and accurate data
Data Sampling
None of the above

Correct answer
Data Sampling

19. It is represented by tables, charts, graphs, or any other non-numerical

form.
*

1/1
Quantitative data

Prior Studies
Close-ended question
Sample size

20. Which of the following are quantitative research characteristics?

*

1/1
Quantitative data
Prior Studies
Close-ended question
All of the above
CHAPTER 6 QUIZ
Total points19/20

Instructions:

Read each question and answer choice carefully and choose the ONE best answer. Try to answer all
questions.

The respondent's email (trix.manito25@gmail.com) was recorded on submission of this form.

1. It means turning abstract conceptual ideas into measurable

observations. *

1/1
Observational
Operationalization

Mosaic Plagiarism
None of the above

2. Is essentially an interview method, but instead of being done 1-on-1, here

we have a group discussion.
*

1/1
Focus Group

Direct Observation
1on1 Interview
None of the above
 3. One of the most common types of data collection methods in qualitative
research.
*

1/1
Focus Group
Direct Observation
1on1 Interview

None of the above

4. One of the most passive qualitative data collection methods.

*

1/1
Focus Group
Direct Observation

1on1 Interview
None of the above

5. Is a statistical analysis technique used to select, manipulate and

analyze a representative subset of data.
*

1/1
Data Sampling

Data Collection
Data Testing
None of the above
 6. Is expressed numbers and graph and is analyzed through statistical
methods.
*

1/1
Data Collection
Data Sampling
Quantitative Data

All of the above

7. Data collection is a systematic process of gathering ________.

*

1/1
Observation

Ideas
Information
All of the above

8. Operationalization means turning abstract conceptual _________.

*

1/1
Observation
Ideas

Information
All of the above
 9. Is expressed in words and analyzed through interpretations and
categorizations.
*

1/1
Quantitative Data
Qualitative Data

Data Testing
None of the above

10. Interviews/focus groups and ethnography are _____________.

*

1/1
Quantitative Methods
Qualitative Methods

Probability Methods
Non-Probability Methods

11. A more complicated form of cluster sampling, this method also involves
dividing the larger population into a number of clusters.
*

1/1
Systematic sampling
Multistage sampling

Cluster sampling
Stratified Sampling
 12. The larger data set is divided into subsets (clusters) based on a defined
factor, then a random sampling of clusters is analyzed.
*

1/1
Systematic sampling
Multistage samplin
Cluster sampling

Stratified Sampling

13. Subsets of the data sets or population are created based on a common
factor, and samples are randomly collected from each subgroup.
*

1/1
Systematic sampling
Multistage sampling
Cluster sampling
Stratified Sampling

14. Software is used to randomly select subjects from the whole

population
*

1/1
Simple random sampling

Data sampling
Advantage and challenge of data sampling
Operationalization
 15. Sampling can be particularly useful with data sets that are too large to
efficiently analyze
*

0/1
Simple random sampling
Data sampling

Advantage and challenge of data sampling

Operationalization

Correct answer
Advantage and challenge of data sampling

16. The researcher ensures equal representation within the sample for all
subgroups in the data set or population.
*

1/1
Quota sampling

Judgmental sampling
Consecutive sampling
Convenience sampling

17. The researcher selects the data to sample based on predefined

criteria.
*

1/1
Quota sampling
Judgmental sampling
Consecutive sampling
Convenience sampling

18. Data is collected from every subject that meets the criteria until the
predetermined sample size is met.
*

1/1
Quota sampling
Judgmental sampling
Consecutive sampling

Convenience sampling

19. Data is collected from an easily accessible and available group.

*

1/1
Quota sampling
Judgmental sampling
Consecutive sampling
Convenience sampling

20. A sample is created by setting an interval at which to extract data from

the larger population.
*

1/1
Systematic sampling
Multistage sampling
Cluster sampling
Stratified Samplin
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