11 Department of Education-Region III

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TARLAC CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION
Juan Luna St., Sto. Cristo, Tarlac City 2300
Email address: tarlac.city@deped.gov.ph/ Tel. No. (045) 470 - 8180

Practical Research 1
Quarter 1: Week 7
Learning Activity Sheets

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Name of Learner: _______________________ Date: ____________
Section:_______________________________ Q1W7

ETHICAL STANDARDS
IN WRITING REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Background Information for Learners

Conducting any type of research involves writing a review of related literature

and studies. The term ‘related literature’ simply refers to any reference materials
such as published articles, books, journals and others that have connection to the
study being conducted. Writing a review of related literature helps the researcher to
convince its readers about the research gap and the background of the study.

With the heavy importance of the review of related literature on the merit of the
study, it also entails the researcher to follow certain standards that ensures the quality
of the discussion written. Dempster and Hanna (2016), as cited by Prieto, Naval and
Carey (2017), these standardized rules that guides the design and conduct of
research is called research ethics.

Ethics refers to questions of right and wrong. Hence, the ethical standards in
research are anchored in making right decisions in various parts of the study,
including the writing of the review of related literature and studies.

There are many ethical standards that must be followed in conducting

research. But focusing on writing the review of related literature, the researcher must
determine the ethical or unethical use of reference materials. In doing so, the
researcher may consider the following key questions, according to Prieto, Naval and
Carey (2017):

1. How will you ensure you treat the work of existing researchers accurately and
fairly?
2. Does the research you are reviewing raise ethical questions that you need to
address?

Other term for research ethics is called research misconduct. In the review of
related literature, the following are the common misconduct that must be avoided.

Made-up information is also known as wrong interpretation of the reference

material. This misconduct is committed when the researcher writes a review that is
not consistent with the idea or data of the reference material. Also, it is committed
when a review includes an overly generalized conclusion or discussion which is not
within the scope of the referenced material.

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 Plagiarism is the use of words, ideas, or data of others without proper
attribution. It is committed when the researcher fails to cite the author of the
reference material used, or when the researcher attributes it to another author. It
is extremely important that the works of others are credited or cited, whether it is
published or not.

As a rule, it is best to write your review of related literature in your own words
with the inclusion of proper citation of the original source. Word-for-word copying
beyond six words is not encouraged, but if necessary, it should be enclosed in
quotation marks or indented and be given reference to the author of the material
being copied.

As a quick summary, you can notice that the two most basic yet important
research ethics on writing review of related literature includes the inclusion of proper
citation to the original author/s of the material/s reviewed, and the accuracy of the
context of the review with respect to the source materials.
Read and analyze the example shown below to further concretize what
plagiarism and made-up information are, and to understand why they must be avoided
in writing your review of related literature.

Learning Competency with code

The learner follows ethical standards in writing related literature (CS_RS11-IIIfj-5) and
presents written review of literature (CS_RS11-IIIfj-6).

Activity 1 – True or False

Direction: Write A if the statement is true, otherwise, if false, write B.

________1. A researcher needs to follow the ethical standards in writing a review of

related literature.
________2. Research ethics means committing plagiarism and/or wrongly interpreting
the data and context of the cited reference material.
________3. When a researcher paraphrases something from the reference material
and cites the original author, he/she is committing a research
misconduct.
________4. A good review of related literature is characterized by its lack of
plagiarized work, and inclusion of proper in-text citations.
________5. When you write a review on a reference material, and did not include who
the author is, you are committing a ‘made-up information’.
________6. A review of related literature should thoroughly discuss the nature of the
study by making a sound review of existing related reference materials.

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________7. The right way to avoid plagiarism is to express the borrowed ideas in
your own words.
________8. The researcher should never reveal the name of the author in his paper,
including some information about the reference material. This is due to
confidentiality and privacy of the authors.
________9. Overgeneralization is an act of research misconduct where the researcher
writes a review that takes the conclusion of the reference material out of
its original context.
________10. Whether you quoted or copied verbatim, summarized or paraphrased,
the researcher needs to identify the owners or authors of the used
reference materials.

Activity 2 – Own Words

Directions: Below are list of words or phrases you have encountered in this lesson.
Choose two items from the list and try to explain them in your own words.

i. Research Ethics iv. Plagiarism

ii. Research Misconduct v. Made-up Information
iii. Related Literature vii. Ethics

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Activity 3 – Time to Write

Directions: Read and study the information below. Suppose you are conducting a
study on the child labor in Barangay Mapalacsiao, write a review of related literature
from the reference material below without committing any research misconduct.

Treasure Hunters: The Lived Experiences of

Child Waste Pickers of Central, Tarlac City

Authors: Darriane Fe, Jeffrey Briones, Ellaine Consulta, & Rochelle

Sebastian
Year: 2019

This study aimed to understand the lived experiences of the waste

pickers of Central, Tarlac City in 2018-2020. They were interviewed by the
researchers with their parents/guardians to affirm their responses. This study
sought to know their demographic profile, their reasons that led them to be
waste pickers, the effects of their job to themselves, and the challenges and
coping mechanisms they are facing every day. The study concluded that the
age of child waste pickers of Central, Tarlac City ranges from 8-17 years with
an average of 12 years old. Their parents’ jobs are not stable to sustain their
family's’ basic needs. For this reason, their children entered the work of
waste picking to help their family. Reasons that led them to be waste pickers
were gathered and it has said to be the following: to act as the breadwinner
of the family, to join their friends who are also waste pickers, to help their
parents who are also waste pickers, to save for their studies, and to support
the studies of their siblings. Their job has also positive and negative effects
to their well-being. Moreover, challenges they encounter were also revealed
and it was shown that child waste pickers are experiencing exclusion from
the society aside from the hazards that they are getting from their work.
Despite of these challenges, they are implementing coping mechanisms to
deal with the challenges. The researchers highly recommend that this study
will be used as the basis of other related studies in the future. Immediate and
long-lasting actions must be implemented to help and protect the children
against any harm.

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 YOUNG AT WORK: The Lived Experiences of
Child Laborers in Mapalacsiao, Tarlac City

Review of Related Literature:

RUBRICS FOR WRITING A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Criteria 1-3 PT 4-8PTS 9-10PTS Score
Content The review The review The review does
completely violates violates one not violate any
the ethical standard ethical standard ethical standard
for research. for research. for research.
Criteria 1-2 PT 3-4PT 5PT Score
Neatness The output is not The output is The output is
of work neatly done. mostly neatly neatly done.
done.
Total:

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Activity 4 – More Time to Write

Direction: Attached a copy of TWO of the reference materials you have considered in
your approved research or of your group. Write a review of it by following ethical
standards.

______________________________________________
________________________________________
(Your Approved Research Title)

Title of Reference Material:

Author:
Year:

Review:

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 ______________________________________________
________________________________________
(Your Approved Research Title)

Title of Reference Material:

Author:
Year:

Review:

RUBRICS FOR WRITING A REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Criteria 1-3 PT 4-8PTS 9-10PTS Score
Content The review The review The review does
completely violates violates one not violate any
the ethical standard ethical standard ethical standard
for research. for research. for research.
Criteria 1-2 PT 3-4PT 5PT Score
Neatness The output is not The output is The output is
of work neatly done. mostly neatly neatly done.
done.
Total:

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Reflection:

A. What I have learned:

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

B. What I have enjoyed:

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Reference
Baraceros, Esther L. 2016. Practical Research 2. 1st Edition. Manila: Rex Book Store,
Inc.
Prieto, Nelia G, Victoria C Naval, and Teresita G. Carey. 2017. Practical Research 2.
Quezon City: LORIMAR Publishing Inc.

Answers Key:

Activity 1 – True or False

1. A 6. A
2. B 7. A
3. B 8. B
4. A 9. A
5. B 10. A

Activity 2 – Own Words Activity 3 – Time to Write

Answer may vary. Answer may vary.

Activity 4 – More Time to Write

Answers may vary.

Prepared:

FERNANDO C. ALTARES, JR.

Special Science Teacher I