Scope and

Limitation
• When we talk about the scope of
research, it commonly refers to the
depth your research area or
parameters.

• This includes restriction of the

target population, research local,
specified duration, design,
procedure, and instrument used.
1. Population –According to Majid
(2018), this stands for the entire
pool from which the sample is
drawn.
a. Schools operating in Bataan (Private and Public)
b. Senior High School Students of a School
c. Grade 10 Students in a School Division
d. Tricycle Drivers operating in a Barangay
e. All Working Students in a grade level
2. Research Locale – It
refers to the particular
location where the study is
conducted.

Lamao National High School Limay Senior High School

Schools Division of Bataan University of the Assumption
Dinalupihan Barangay St. Francis II
Region III – Central Luzon Bataan
Pampanga Peninsula State University
3. Specific Duration. This stands for
the exclusive time frame when the
research
is conducted.
May 20 to 22 2020
School Year 2020 to 2021
From 2015 to 2020
From January 2020 to May 20202
4. Research Method – This refers to the
systematic plan for conducting research
which includes strategies, process, techniques,
and procedures for collecting
and analyzing data (MacDonald and Headlam
2008).
5. Protocols Followed. This refers to
the standard procedure, system, or rules
that you follow in gathering data.
 It can be the
permission in the
conduct of the study,
communication letter
to the respondents, or
agreement on the
conduct of interview.
6. Data Gathering Procedure. This
refers to the step-by-step procedures
that you employ before and during the
data gathering.
7. Instrument. These are
measurement devices that you use
in your research. It can be in a form
of test, survey, questionnaire, and
the like.
8. Data Analysis. These are the
systematical processes you employ
to describe or interpret your data.
It can be thematic network
analysis, dendogramming,
structural analysis, text analysis,
and Collaizi procedure.
Commonly, scope and delimitation is written in
three (3) paragraphs.

The first paragraph contains methods,

research design, research locale, time
duration, population, sampling and class
size.

The second paragraph includes the

instrument used, validation and protocols
followed in the conduct of the study.
 The last paragraph is the
declaration of data gathering and
analysis. It is important that you
need to provide proper justifications
of the elements you will be using. It
is done through the wisdom of the
experts – citation.
 What are the
Where is the objectives of the
study? What research
research locale? design?

1st Paragraph
Who are involved? How they will be
Qualitative Research as chosen?
Methods of Research

Who will When it is

What is the
participate? conducted?
topic/variables
involved?
 Investigates and determines
the experience of the PWD
students about verbal
In a province bullying
Phenomenology

1st Paragraph
Senior High School
students Snow ball method
Qualitative Research as
Methods of Research

Five Grade 11
lived-experiences of S.Y. 2020-2021
Students
the PWD grade 11
students
This qualitative research aims to explores on the lived-experiences
of the PWD grade 11 students about bullying. According to Mcleod
(2019) this kind of research deals with the description and
interpretation of a phenomena based from how these became
meaningful to a person or group of people. As a phenomenological
study, it determines the coping mechanism of the said students on
their distinct experience about verbal bullying. They are selected
using snow ball method. Patton (2001) defined this sampling as
referral sampling wherein it uses a small pool of initial informants to
nominate other participants of the study.
 What is the
instrument?

How instrument 2nd How it was

was created? Paragraph validated?

How can you What are the

describe the protocols
instrument? followed?
 Researcher and
interview guide

2nd
Researcher made Group of experts
Paragraph

Questions about Ethical Standards

their experience in research study
In this qualitative research, the researcher serves as the main
instrument of the study (Pezalla, Pettigrew and Miller-Day,
2012). Another tool is the interview guide. This unstructured
interview guide is a researcher-made instrument based from the
objectives
of the study. It is composed of five (5) questions. Objectively,
interview questions are formulated to gather necessary
information about the participants’ live experience as well as
their coping mechanism. It is validated by group of experts using
validation matrix to identify its appropriateness of the questions
and suitability to the research participants. Prescribed standard
and necessary protocols are religiously complied to ethically
follow the norms of conducting research.
 How data are
gathered?

Who provided 3rd Paragraph How gathered

the data? data are secured?

How interview
How data are
will be
analyzed?
conducted?
 Individualized
Interview or
Focus Group
Discussion

It will be
Participants 3rd Paragraph recorded with
anonymility

Thematic
Zoom App
Analysis
 In gathering data, individualized and focus group discussion is
employed depending on the preference of the participants. Because
of the impossibility of personalized interview, this will be carried
through social media platforms either through Zoom app or
Facebook Video Conferencing. According to Eysenbach (2019),
these platforms provided opportunities in conducting qualitative
research. Likewise, because of its mass usage, it provides potential
options for this kind of study. Interviews are recorded and
transcribed in verbatim. Translations into English is accomplished
through the help of an expert. Anonymity of participants is secured
likewise with the information they will provide. In analyzing the
data, thematic network analysis is employed. It is explained as a
web-like illustrations that summarizes themes (Stirling, 2001).
Particularly, this study seeks to identify the salient themes
through coding. This is to facilitated structuring and depiction of
the themes into an emerging main theme.