SAMPLE TITLE:

PHENOMONOLOGICAL STUDY: THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF A NEWLY

HIRED TEACHERS AMIDST THE PANDEMIC

CHAPTER 1:

Introduction: 3-5 pages introduction- from general to specific view of the topic
Support with previous studies
What motivate you to conduct the study/ your research?/ the reason
The purpose of your study
~follow the provided paradigm previously discussed.

SOP: SMART questions –refer to the picture.

Significance: write those beneficiaries (people who will benefit to your studies) state the
importance of your studies to those group of people. –specific to general

Scope and delimitation of the study: write first your objectives/ goal of your research/

(include other components)

CHAPTER II: ((combine Related Local and Foreign studies) 8 for local, 8 for foreign … it
depends… )

Introduction Statement…
Short introduction the 8 theories applicable to your study
Discuss theory 1
The theory 1 is relevant to the present study… WHY?
Discuss theory 2
The theory 2 is relevant to the present study… WHY?
Discuss theory 3
The theory 3 is relevant to the present study… WHY?
…
…
On the last , summary of the 8 theories… are relevant to the study…. WHY???...

CHAPTER 3

Methodology

This chapter presents the philosophical assumption, interpretive framework,

locale, design and procedure of the study, participants and samplings. The ethical

consideration, the role of the researcher, and the data collection processes. It also includes

JAMIATU MUSLIM MINDANAO | Khalid D. Daud, LPT, MAH, MPA 1

how the data were analyzed and steps that were employed in order to come up with the

developing themes.

Furthermore, This is a qualitative research which used a phenomenological

research design to identify and study a phenomenon or experience from the perspective

of how it is perceived by the participants in a situation.

Philosophical Assumption

Discuss further what is Phenomenology / philosophical assumption that relates your

focus research.

According to Staff Writer (2020), a philosophical assumption is the theoretical

framework used by researchers to collect, analyze and interpret the data that is collected

in a particular field of study. It establishes the background used for coming to

conclusions or decisions. As our phenomenological assumption in our studies, this can be

attributed, especially to the impact of pandemic on each teacher and even on campus. The

whole reason for this is that we had enough knowledge of its impact for our topic, but

were not yet very sure due to the fact that we had very few interviews and we also did not

know each teacher’s different opinion on the current situation. In our interview, it cannot

be said that the knowledge we gained was not really approved, because as I said we also

had studies regarding the problem, which is even though our team did not have enough

evidence on the effect of the problem contained. on campus, it is also impossible to say

that it is wrong because we have also made sure of it. In addition, our team decided that

our evidence was only the opinion of the individual because in our topic we need to move

forward, because this is not the only thing we will read or pay attention to.

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Interpretive Framework

The researchers’ interpretative framework was based on social constructivism.

According to McKinley, J. (2015) in philosophy, social constructivism is a sociological

theory of knowledge according to which human development is socially situated and

knowledge is constructed through interaction with others. Furthermore, according to

Palincsar, A. Sullivan (1998) in education, social constructivism has been studied by

many educational psychologists, who are concerned with its implications for teaching and

learning. Social constructivism extends constructivism by incorporating the role of other

actors and culture in development. In this sense it can also be contrasted with social

learning theory by stressing interaction over observation.

The researchers used a constructivist approach in this research, which takes into

consideration the participants' different points of view. The most effective framework for

this qualitative research analysis on the living experiences of newly hired teachers amidst

the pandemic is social constructivism.

OR

3 theories (1 core, 2 support)

- Consist of 5 paragraphs
Paragraph 1: introductory statement
Paragraph 2- 4: theories
Example Theory of relativity (1987) proposed by Albert Einstein. It states that…
Paragraph 5: conclusion- What is the relevance of your theories to your study?

Research Design

The researchers used a phenomenological study design to learn about the

experiences of the newly hired teachers from one of Davao City's maritime schools.
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Phenomenology is a form of Qualitative research. According to Husserl, E, (1859- 1938

in Duquesne University 2020), Phenomenology helps us to understand the meaning of

people's lived experience. A phenomenological study explores what people experienced

and focuses on their experience of a phenomena. Furthermore, in this phenomenological

study, the researchers first determined what they expected to see. Then, the respondents

are asked to explain their experiences. Then considered their own views and feelings in

order to get a better understanding of the subject's living experiences.

Research Locale

The study will be conducted at the two schools of Siaton District 1— Ramon Ponce De

Leon Elementary School, Malabuhan, Siaton, Negros Oriental and Sumaliring Elementary

School, Sumaliring, Siaton, Negros Oriental. These schools will be selected due to its

convenience in the local area, making data collection more accessible and cost- effective for the

researchers.

Research Instrument

The Researchers will use multiple measurement tools in the study in gathering the data to

assess the variables prior to the statement of the problem. The interview, questionnaires and

observation will provide insight into teaching experiences of the respondents including…. If there

are certain important situations of the involved respondents, you may also include here.

Interviews and observation were employed during the qualitative component of this proposed

study. You may discuss here on how will you facilitate the KII (key informant interview)

Participants and Sampling

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 The participants were five newly hired teachers from one of the maritime schools

in Davao City who are facing some challenges during this time of pandemic. Mentioned

below is the demographic profile of the respondents:

The researchers are using non-probability method, this method is used primarily

in qualitative studies. Non-probability sampling is defined as a sampling technique in

which the researcher selects samples based on the subjective judgment of the researcher

rather than random selection. It is a less severe method. It is carried out by observation

(QuestionPro Survey Software, 2021).

Also, the researchers used the convenience sampling also known as aviability

sampling. According to Saunders et al. (2012 in Business Research Methodology 2020),

convenience sampling is a specific type of non-probability sampling method that relies on

data collection from population members who are conveniently available to participate in

study. Facebook polls or questions can be mentioned as a popular example for

convenience sampling. A Convenience sample is a type of nonprobability sampling

method where the sample is taken from a group of people easy to contact or to reach.

This type of sampling is also known as grab sampling or availability sampling. There are

no other criteria to the sampling method except that people be available and willing to

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participate. In addition, this type of sampling method does not require that a simple

random sample is generated, since the only criterion is whether the participants agree to

participate.

During the interview, the researchers are make used of the non-face to face

method. The researchers used online sites to access, connect and communicate to

participants such as zoom, google meet, and messenger, using mediated approach we can

communicate thru online/virtual. Hence, according to the study Hilf, et al. (2021),

Machine-mediated interviewing is a technique of psychiatric interviewing in which

patient and interviewer communicate by means of remotely located teletypes. Messages

are transmitted from one teletype to another via a computer. Advantages of nonverbal

communication in the study of the psychiatric interview and in the development of a

computer program designed to conduct psychiatric interviews are discussed. This

technique is suggested for patients who are unable to participate in the usual vis-a-vis

interview.

OR

The participants of this study will be the parents of first-grade pupils at Ramon Ponce De

Leon Elementary School, Malabuhan, Siaton, Negros Oriental and Sumaliring Elementary

School, Sumaliring, Siaton, Negros Oriental. Specifically, the researchers will intend to interview

15 parents from each school, and they will be selected through representative sampling, but

reserves will be selected randomly in case of refusal.

On the other hand, the researchers will adopt the interview questions from the study of

Coşkun (2021) and the study titled ―Mother's Views and Home Literacy Practices on Children's

Literacy Skills Acquisition: A Qualitative Study‖. On the other hand, the in-depth interviews will

JAMIATU MUSLIM MINDANAO | Khalid D. Daud, LPT, MAH, MPA 6

be conducted using semi-structured interview questions. The main questions are as follows: (1)

Who is responsible for your child's acquisition of literacy skills? What is your opinion? Please

state your reason; (2) What activities do you implement to support your child’s acquisition of

literacy skills? and (3) What materials do you use to support your child’s acquisition of literacy

skills? Also, the parent's educational level will be rated using a four-point scale (elementary

school, high school, bachelor, and graduate).

Ethical Consideration

According to Collins (2021), Ethical means relating to beliefs about right and

wrong. In line with this, a consideration is something that should be thought about,

especially when you are planning or deciding something. By way of explanation a set of

ideals and beliefs that answer the issue of what is right and wrong in human affairs.

Ethics looks for excuses to behave or refrain from acting; to support or disapprove

of behavior; to believe or deny anything about noble or vicious behavior or good or evil

rules. Also Ethics is a vital consideration in every aspect of research, right from what and

whom you choose to study, to how you manage and utilize the data, to how you publish

and communicate your research. Research with human subjects involves the greatest

amount of consideration, as you need to be cognizant of issues regarding people’s health,

safety, and identity (that is, confidentiality of information). However, research with non-

human subjects or things involves its own set of considerations. As a researcher, you

need to be aware of these considerations and take the necessary measures at every step so

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that the ethics are not compromised, and if they are, to ensure they can be quickly and

satisfactorily addressed (Editage Insight, 2020).

The researchers took into consideration all of the ethical challenges that any

research project entails, such as integrity, anonymity, responsibility, and fairness. We

also took the precautions required by the study's design of the study. The informed

consent form stated that participation in the research study was voluntary (not compelled)

and that there would be no undue risks to the participants. We ensured all the data we

collected during the assessment was only used for our analysis and that no one else had

access to it.

OR

The researchers will ask permission from the parent participants through an assent form.

The researchers will use no names or other personal identifying information about specific

individuals; all the documents and evidences in gathering the data will be secured and kept

confidential as possible. Faculty and Staff of Ramon Ponce De Leon Elementary School and

Sumaliring Elementary School are free to report any instances of mistreatment to the appropriate

authorities when observed during the data gathering

Role of the Researchers

The role of the researchers in qualitative research is to attempt to access the

thoughts and feelings of study participants. This is not an easy task, as it involves asking

people to talk about things that may be very personal to them. Sometimes the experiences

being explored are fresh in the participant’s mind, whereas on other occasions reliving

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past experiences may be difficult. However the data are being collected, a primary

responsibility of the researcher is to safeguard participants and their data.

According to Janet Salmons (2020), researchers work within numerous disciplines

and use varied methodologies and methods to study problems large and small. While

there are many considerations for our specific fields of study, we also have common

responsibilities when we take the role of researcher.

In addition, Job Descriptions (2021), stated that the researchers’ duties include

aligning methodologies with research goals, using a range of tools to acquire information

and interpret data, writing up reports and presenting findings and schedules to

management and other stakeholders, identifying trends and patterns, conducting

fieldwork and tests when required, as well as protecting databases and confidential

information. The researchers have a responsibility to communicate their research, to

collaborate with others where appropriate and transfer and utilize knowledge for the

benefit of the research. Moreover, the researchers have a responsibility to act honestly

and ethically in the course of their research. Experienced questioners are commonly

thought to realize superior quality study information than unpracticed questioners.

However few observational examinations of contrasts in information quality on

attitudinal questions for experienced versus unpracticed questioners exist. It figure out on

the off chance that both parties will advantage from the contract. Furthermore, the

researchers utilize your scratch pad and write to compose down data or scribble down a

word that will remind you to inquire a certain address. Make beyond any doubt your

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dress are clean and squeezed. Permit adequate travel time to guarantee you arrive five

minutes early to the front desk. The fundamental objective of the questioner is to create a

great understanding of a work candidate’s capabilities, interface and character

characteristics that are pertinent to the position being filled. Lastly, the researchers central

duty of a investigate questioner is conducting both in-person and phone interviews with

members.

Data Gathering Procedures/ Collection

The procedure of gathering, measuring, and analyzing accurate insights for

research using standard validated techniques is known as data collection. On the basis of

the data obtained, a researcher may test their hypothesis. In most cases, data collection is

the primary and most important step for research, irrespective of the field of research.

The approach of data collection is different for different fields of study, depending on the

required information. In most cases, regardless of the field of study, data collection is the

first and most important step. Depending on the information available, the approach to

data collection differs for various fields of research. Also Data collection is the process of

gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic

fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and

evaluate outcomes. In addition according to J Grad Med Educ. (2016), data collection

methods are important because how the information collected is used and what

explanations it can generate are determined by the methodology and analytical approach

applied by the researcher

JAMIATU MUSLIM MINDANAO | Khalid D. Daud, LPT, MAH, MPA 10

 Before the researchers conducted an actual interview to the respondents, the

researchers asked the assistance of the research adviser in contacting the respondents.

The researchers asked the consents of the respondents. Moreover, the researchers

acknowledged the availability of the respondents’ teaching schedules. Afterward, as the

researchers receive the permission to conduct the interview, the researchers assures the

respondents that every answers/respond they provide will be kept confidential and will

not be shared to the public and that data will be stored after a year.

The researchers make used of unstructured interview and mediated interview.

Unstructured interview is wherein the respondents answer the question based on what

they personally think and feel about it. The interview will purely depend on the

respondent’s decision making skills, giving them opportunity to think critically about the

question before they will answer. In addition, the researchers used the approach called

mediated interview wherein no face-to-face will happen only through electronic

communication devices such as zoom.

OR

The study will use the collection of data through in-depth interviews that will employ

semi-structured interview questions. It will target a representative sample of parents residing in

Malabuhan and Sumaliring, Siaton, Negros Oriental. Within these groups, one (1) section of

grade one students will be chosen randomly. The researchers will visit the school and conduct

interviews with the parents of first- grade pupils. The goal is to interview 15 parents from each

school, with random replacements chosen in case of any refusals. The approach to engage

participants will be through face-to-face interviews, during which the researchers will seek

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consent to ask questions about their children. The questions posed will be open-ended, allowing

for additional comments after the interviews. Furthermore, the study will collect

sociodemographic information from the respondents, including details about their age, parental

education, the gender of their child, and the birth order of the child.

Data Analysis

According to Belotto, Michael J. (2018) some of the principles of data analysis

used in qualitative research such as coding, interrater reliability, and thematic analysis.

Data analysis is defined as the process of cleaning, transforming, and modeling data in

order to uncover useful information for business decisions. The aim of data analysis is to

derive valuable knowledge from data and make decisions based on that information. In

addition it is a process of understanding data or known facts or assumptions serving as

the basis of any claims or conclusions you have about something. Also, the researchers

can collect data in many ways: observation, interview, documentary analysis, and

research instrument. In addition, data analysis is defined as a process of cleaning,

transforming, and modeling data to discover useful information for business decision-

making.

The researchers used the Profile Matrix that shows measurements of variables or

factors for a set cases or respondents. A Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) is an

analytical tool that provides necessary information of competitive advantage based on

critical success factors and serves as the basis for an organization’s strategy. Also,

Fearon, C., Nachmias, S., McLaughlin, H. and Leatherbarrow, N., (2017) emphasized

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that the profile matrix’ captures aspects of a personality in conjunction with skills,

knowledge and personal development.

OR

The qualitative data that will be collected from the open-ended questions will be

examined using content analysis to sort and make sense of the answers given by parents in

response to open-ended questions. Content analysis is a technique for examining diverse data

types, including visual and verbal information, to simplify complex phenomena by categorizing

them for enhanced analysis and understanding (Harwood et al., 2003). The researchers will break

down the interview transcripts into simpler codes and arrange them into categories. In addition,

the process will start with a broad structure, which will be refined through categories. The

parent’s responses to specific questions will be categorized, and their quotes will be presented in

tables. Moreover, the numbers and categories may vary if participants provide multiple answers.

Furthermore, parents who believe teachers are responsible for literacy education will be coded

"TR", and those who think their families are responsible will be coded

Trustworthiness of the Study

Trustworthiness or rigor of a study refers to the degree of confidence in data,

interpretation, and methods used to ensure the quality of a study Pilot & Beck (2014 in

Lynne M. Connelly, 2016). According to Amankwaa (2016 in Lynne M. Connelly 2016),

the researchers should establish the protocols and procedures necessary for a study to be

considered worthy of consideration by readers. Moreover, trustworthiness is one of the

most important qualities in life. It is the quality on which all relationships are built. We

are designed to be in relationship with others, and being able to trust each other means

that we can do more together (Henry L Stimson, 2019). In addition, according to

JAMIATU MUSLIM MINDANAO | Khalid D. Daud, LPT, MAH, MPA 13

Statistics Solution (2021), for quantitative studies, it is referred to as validity and

reliability. Trustworthiness is all about establishing these four things, which are described

in more detail below.

During the interview the participants participating in the evaluation is fully

informed about the evaluation being conducted. The participants is fully aware of the

purpose of our research and the participants in the evaluation are free from pressure. The

participants are free to withdraw their participation at any time without negatively

impacting on their involvement in their future services or the current program and

relationships with any of the researchers of research bodies involve. Moreover, the

researchers do no harm to our participants. It is crucial that our evaluation process does

not in any way harm to participants. Hence, all the response of our participants are

confidentially only for our research

STYLE, LAYOUT AND PAGE FORMATTING

Title Page
 All text on the title page is centered vertically and horizontally. The title page has no
page number and it is not counted in any page numbering.
Page Layout
 Left margin: 1 ½ or 1.5 inch
 Right, top and bottom margin: 1 inch
Page Numbering
 Pages are numbered at the top right.
 Numeric page numbering begins with first page of Chapter 1 (although a page number
is not paced on page 1)
Spacing and justification
 All pages are single sided
 Text is double- spaced, except for long quotations and the bibliography (singlespaced)
 Do not right- justify text. Use ragged- right.
Font face and size
 Font style: courier new / Times new roman
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  Font size: 12 points
 Same font must be used throughout the manuscript, except: tables and graphs and
chapters title and section headings
Reference (see uploaded files)
 APA format should be used to cite references within the paper.
 If you name the author in your sentence, then follow the authors name with the year
in parentheses. Example: Jones (2004) found that…
 If you do not include the authors name as part of the text, then both the author’s
name and year are enclosed in parentheses. Example: One researcher (Jones, 2004)
found that…

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