Over the past five years, Saudi Arabia has undergone significant changes across

various aspects of its economy and society:

1. Economy:
• Saudi Arabia has been diversifying its economy away from oil dependency
through initiatives like Vision 2030. Efforts have been made to develop sectors
such as tourism, entertainment, technology, and renewable energy.
• The government has been promoting foreign investment and implementing
economic reforms to attract investors and stimulate growth.
2. Public Transport:
• Investments have been made in public transportation infrastructure,
including the expansion of the Riyadh Metro and other urban transit systems.
• Initiatives have been launched to improve accessibility and efficiency
of public transport, aiming to reduce reliance on private vehicles and alleviate
traffic congestion.
3. New Buildings:
• There has been significant construction activity, particularly in urban
centers, with the development of new commercial, residential, and mixed-use
buildings.
• Mega projects like NEOM and the Qiddiya entertainment city have been
announced, aiming to transform the landscape and attract both domestic and
international investment.
4. Cost of Living:
• The cost of living has seen fluctuations influenced by various factors
such as government subsidies, economic policies, and global market trends.
• Subsidy reforms and changes in taxation policies have affected the cost
of basic goods and services for residents.
5. Property:
• The real estate sector has witnessed both challenges and opportunities,
with efforts to stimulate the housing market through initiatives like the Sakani
program, which aims to provide affordable housing options for citizens.
6. Industry:
• There has been a push to develop non-oil industries, including
manufacturing, petrochemicals, and technology, as part of economic diversification
efforts.
• Initiatives like the National Industrial Development and Logistics
Program (NIDLP) have been launched to enhance the competitiveness of the industrial
sector and attract investment.
7. Tourism:
• Saudi Arabia has opened up to international tourism, issuing tourist
visas and investing in tourism infrastructure and attractions.
• Major tourism projects like the Red Sea Project and Al-Ula development
aim to showcase the country’s cultural heritage and natural beauty to the world.
8. Unemployment:
• Efforts have been made to address youth unemployment through programs
aimed at skill development, entrepreneurship, and job creation.
• Economic reforms and diversification strategies are expected to create
new employment opportunities in non-oil sectors.
9. Pollution:
• Measures have been taken to address environmental issues, including air
pollution and waste management, through regulations and initiatives promoting
sustainability and clean energy.
10. Inflation:
• Inflation rates have been influenced by various factors, including
changes in government policies, global economic conditions, and domestic demand
dynamics.
11. Education:
• Investments have been made in education and training programs to
enhance the skills and employability of the workforce, aligning with the goals of
Vision 2030.
12. Price of Food and Petrol:
• Changes in subsidy policies and global market trends have impacted the
prices of food and fuel, leading to fluctuations in consumer costs.

Overall, Saudi Arabia has undergone significant transformations in various aspects

of its economy and society over the past five years, driven by ambitious reform
agendas and efforts to diversify away from oil dependency. These changes have
presented both challenges and opportunities for the country’s development and
future growth.