PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMULATION & DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM/PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING

Prepared and Modified by: Ernesto C. Torrecampo II, RPh

LIQUID DOSAGE FORMULATION: SOLUTIONS

SOLUBILITY
DESCRIPTION PARTS OF SOLVENT REQUIRED FOR PART OF
SOLUTE
Very Soluble <1
Freely Soluble 1-10
Soluble 10-30
Sparingly soluble 30-100
Slightly soluble 100-1000
Very slightly soluble 1000-10,000
Practically insoluble >10,000
AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
AROMATIC Clear, saturated aqueous solution with volatile oils or other aromatic or volatile substances
WATER
DILUTED Aqueous solutions prepared by diluting corresponding concentrated with purified water.
ACIDS/
AQUEOUS
ACIDS
DOUCHE Aqueous solutions directed against a part or into body cavity for cleansing and antiseptic action
ENEMA Rectal injections; - for bowel evacuation; - retained in the
intestine
GARGLES Aqueous solutions containing antiseptic, antibiotics and/or anesthetics used for the treatment of the
pharynx and nasopharynx by forcing air from the lungs through the gargle, which is held in the
throat, and spit out.
MOUTHWASH Aqueous solutions often concentrated with one or more active ingredients and excipients; used by
swishing the liquid in the oral cavity.
JUICES Prepared from fresh ripe fruit used in making syrups employed as vehicles.
NASAL SPRAYS Nasal solutions administered to the nasal passages in drops or sprays.
OTIC Placed in the ear canal by drops or in small amounts for the removal of excess cerumen or for the
SOLUTIONS treatment of ear infection, inflammation and pain.
IRRIGATION Sterile, non-pyrogenic solutions used to wash or bath surgical incisions, wound or body tissue.
SOLUTIONS
SWEET AND VISCID AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
SYRUPS Concentrated aqueous preparations of a sugar or sugar substituted with or without flavoring agents
and medicinal substances; Official NF: - % w/v of Sucrose
HONEYS Thick, liquid preparations allied to syrups but used as a base.
MUCILAGES Thick, viscid adhesive liquid made of dispersing gums in water or extracting the mucilaginous
principle from vegetable substances with water; ex. &
JELLIES Class of gels with a structural matrix containing a higher percentage of water
NON-AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
COLLODION Liquid preparation composed of pyroxylin dissolved in a solvent mixture.
COTTON –H2SO4---------> _PYROLYXIN ---3ETHER:1ETHANOL ------ > _COLLODION_
ELIXIRS Clear, sweetened hydroalcoholic solutions intended for oral use and are usually flavored to
enhance their palatability, always contains alcohol.
GLYCERIDES Solutions or mixtures of medicinal substances with not less than 50% by weight of glycerin
LINIMENTS Alcoholic or oil based solutions or emulsions containing therapeutic agents rubbed on affected area
externally. Also known as:
OLEOVITAMINS Fish liver oil diluted with edible vegetable oil or vitamin solutions/vitamin concentrates (usually Vit.
A & D) in fish liver oil.
SPIRITS Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances. Also known as:
TINCTURES Alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from vegetable materials or from chemical
substances. Alcohol content %
DISPERSED SYSTEMS
SUSPENSIONS o Two Phase system, Immiscible materials dispered in a vehicle of solid, liquid or gas: Solids
dispersed in liquid by the use of .
o Example of (SA):
▪ Gums: ACACIA, TRAGACANTH
▪ Clays: BENTONITE, VEEGUM
EMULSIONS o Two Phase system, combination of two immiscible liquids, small globules of one liquid are
uniformly dispersed throughout the liquid
o HLB values: HIGH NUMBER, HIGHLY POLAR
PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMULATION & DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM/PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURING
Prepared and Modified by: Ernesto C. Torrecampo II, RPh