Unit 5 MCQ

AP PHYSICS 1 Scoring Guide
Unit 5-MCQ Only
1.
On a straight horizontal track along which blocks can slide with negligible friction, block 1 slides toward block 2,
which is initially at rest. Block 1 collides with an electronic force probe attached to block 2, generating a force vs.
time graph and causing block 2 to start sliding. What additional measurements must be made to determine the
momentum of block 2 after the collision?
(A) None
(B) The mass of block 2 only
(C) The post-collision speed of block 2 only
(D) Both the mass and the post-collision speed of block 1
AP Physics 1 Page 1 of 44
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Unit 5-MCQ Only
2.
Two carts of masses and travel together, as shown in Figure . At time , a compressed spring
inside the cart expands, and the carts separate. Figure shows a graph of the carts’ velocities as a function of
time. What is the magnitude of the change in linear momentum, if any, of the two-cart system between and
?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Page 2 of 44 AP Physics 1
Scoring Guide
Unit 5-MCQ Only
3. A projectile fired into the air explodes and splits into two halves of equal mass that hit the ground at the same time.
If the projectile had not exploded, it would have landed at point X, which is a distance R to the right of the launch
point. After the explosion, one of the halves lands at point Y, which is a distance 2R to the right of the launch point.
If air resistance is negligible, where did the other half land?
(A) To the left of the launch point
(B) At the launch point
(C) Between the launch point and point X
(D) Between points X and Y
4. A object moving to the left collides with and sticks to a object moving to the right. Which of the
following is true of the motion of the combined objects immediately after the collision?
(A) They must be moving to the left.
(B) They must be moving to the right.
(C) They must be at rest.
(D) The motion cannot be determined without knowing the speeds of the objects before the collision.
5. A person applies an impulse of 5.0 kg∙m/s to a box in order to set it in motion. If the person is in contact with the
box for 0.25 s, what is the average force exerted by the person on the box?
(A) 1.25 N
(B) 2.00 N
(C) 12.5 N
(D) 20.0 N
(E) 200 N
6.
Position Time
A block of mass , starting from rest, is pushed with a constant force across a horizontal track. The position of
the block as a function of time is recorded, and the data are shown in the table. What is the magnitude of the change
in momentum of the block between zero and seconds?
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(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
A clay ball of mass is moving horizontally with speed just before colliding with a block of mass , as shown
above. The block is suspended from a light string with length . The clay sticks to the block, and the block swings up to a
maximum height above the block’s initial position (where ). The block then oscillates about its lowest
position with period .
7. Which of the following quantities is the same immediately after the collision and at the instant the block reaches
height ?
(A) Linear momentum of the clay-block system
(B) Angular momentum of the clay-block system about the top of the string
(C) Total mechanical energy of the clay-block system
(D) Total mechanical energy of the clay-block-Earth system
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8.
The graph above represents the position of two identical carts on a straight horizontal track as a function of time.
Which of the following statements about the magnitude of the momentum of the two-cart system’s center of mass,
, is true?
(A) is constant from to .
(B) is smaller after than it is before .
(C) is larger after than it is before .
(D) increases at a constant rate from to .
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9.
Sphere of mass and sphere of mass hang from light strings. Sphere is pulled back, as shown above,
and released from rest. Sphere has kinetic energy immediately before colliding with sphere . The two spheres
stick together and move horizontally for an instant after the collision. During the collision, what is the change in the
kinetic energy of the two-sphere system?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
10. Two particles collide and stick together. If no external forces act on the two particles, which of the following is
correct for the change in total momentum Δp and the change in total kinetic energy ΔK of the two particles?
(A) Δp < 0; ΔK < 0
(B) Δp < 0; ΔK = 0
(C) Δp = 0; ΔK< 0
(D) Δp = 0; ΔK = 0
(E) Δp = 0; ΔK > 0
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11.
During an experiment a student records the net horizontal force exerted on an object moving in a straight line along
a horizontal frictionless track. The graph above shows the force as a function of time. Of the following, which is the
best approximation of the magnitude of the change in momentum of the object between 0 s and 4 s?
(A) 20 kg ⋅ m/s
(B) 30 kg ⋅ m/s
(C) 40 kg ⋅ m/s
The magnitude of the change in momentum cannot be determined without knowing the mass of the
(D)
object.
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12.
The graph above shows the position x as a function of time for the center of mass of a system of particles of total
mass 6.0 kg. For a very short time interval around 2.0 s, an external force is exerted on an object in the system.
What is the resulting change in momentum of the system?
(A) 52 kg•m/s
(B) 6 kg•m/s
(C) -6 kg•m/s
(D) -18 kg•m/s
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The graph above shows the potential energy of a system as one object in the system moves along the -axis and the rest
of the system does not move. Six evenly-spaced points along the -axis are labeled. At point , the object is moving in
the positive -direction and the mechanical energy of the system is . As the object moves, no energy enters or leaves
the system.
13. Which of the following describes the magnitude of the momentum of the object in the first two straight-line
segments shown in the graph as the object moves from point to point ?
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(A)
Zero Increasing
(B)
Zero Decreasing
(C)
Constant but nonzero Increasing
(D)
Constant but nonzero Decreasing
14. A 12 kg box sliding on a horizontal floor has an initial speed of 4.0 m/s. The coefficient of friction between the box
and the floor is 0.20. The box moves a distance of 4.0 m in 2.0 s. The magnitude of the change in momentum of the
box during this time is most nearly
(A) 12 kg⋅m/s
(B) 48 kg⋅m/s
(C) 60 kg⋅m/s
(D) 96 kg⋅m/s
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15.
Two identical objects, X and Y, move toward each other at different speeds on a horizontal surface with negligible
friction, as shown in the top figure. The objects then collide elastically and move away from each other. The kinetic
energy of object X as a function of time is shown in the graph. Which of the following is true of the speed of
object Y?
(A) after the collision is greater than it was before the collision.
(B) after the collision is equal to what it was before the collision.
(C) after the collision is less than it was before the collision.
after the collision cannot be compared to what it was before the collision without knowing the mass
(D)
of the objects.
16. In trial 1 of an experiment, a cart moves with speed v0 on a frictionless, horizontal track and collides elastically with
another cart that is initially at rest. In trial 2, the setup is identical except that the carts stick together during the
collision. How does the speed of the two-cart system’s center of mass change, if at all, during the collision in each
trial?
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Trial 1 Trial 2
(A)
Does not change Does not change
Trial 1 Trial 2
(B)
Does not change Decreases
Trial 1 Trial 2
(C)
Decreases Does not change
Trial 1 Trial 2
(D)
Decreases Decreases
17.
The graph above shows the speed of a truck as it moves along a straight, level road. Which of the following describe
a method to determine the distance d the truck travels during the 10 s time interval shown? Select two answers.
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(A) Multiply the average speed of 18 m/s by the 10 s travel time.

(B) Multiply half the initial speed of 30 m / s by the 10 s travel time.
Calculate the slope of the line in the graph to determine the acceleration a and then use d = (1/2) ,
(C)
where t is the travel time.
(D) Calculate the area under the line in the graph.
18.
A dart and a rubber sphere are suspended from the same point by light strings. When the dart is released from the
position shown above, it swings downward until its tip strikes the sphere. The dart can have different tips attached.
Tip will stick into the rubber sphere upon impact. Tip will bounce inelastically off the sphere. Tip will
bounce elastically off the sphere. For which tip, if any, will the sphere swing to the greatest maximum angle ?
(A) Tip
(B) Tip
(C) Tip
(D) None of the tips; the angle will be the same for each.
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19. A 2 kg object traveling at 5 m/s on a frictionless horizontal surface collides head-on with and sticks to a 3 kg object
initially at rest. Which of the following correctly identifies the change in total kinetic energy and the resulting speed
of the objects after the collision?
Kinetic Energy Speed
(A)
Increases 2 m/s

(B)
Increases 3.2 m/s

(C)
Decreases 2 m/s

(D)
Decreases 3.2 m/s
20.
Two blocks are on a horizontal, frictionless surface. Block A is moving with an initial velocity of v0 toward block
B, which is stationary, as shown above. The two blocks collide, stick together, and move off with a velocity of v0/3
. Which block, if either, has the greater mass?
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(A) Block A
(B) Block B
(C) Neither; their masses are the same.
(D) The answer cannot be determined without knowing the mass of one of the blocks.
21.
A 0.050 kg tennis ball is moving to the left at 10 m/s when it is hit by a tennis racket that is moving to the right. The
magnitude of the force exerted on the ball by the racket as a function of time is shown in the figure above. What is
the speed of the ball after the collision with the racket?
(A) 30 m/s
(B) 50 m/s
(C) 70 m/s
(D) 90 m/s
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Two identical spaceships are traveling in deep space, far from any planets or stars. The ships travel in the same direction,
with the slower one directly behind the faster one. The ships are connected by a cable attached to a spool, so that the part
of the cable outside the ships can be made longer or shorter as needed. The cable is used to bring the ships to the same
speed for a transfer of cargo. The graph above shows the speed of the two ships during a 10 s interval.
22. Does at least one of the ships have its engine turned on during the time interval shown, and what evidence indicates
so?
(A) Yes, because Ship 2 is speeding up.
(B) Yes, because the momentum of the two-rocket system increases.
(C) Yes, because an engine is needed to keep the system moving.
(D) No, because the cable alone could be responsible for making Ship 1 slow down and Ship 2 speed up.
23. Which of the following graphs best represents the net force Fnet exerted on the two-ship system?
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(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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24.
A cart of known mass moves with known speed along a level, frictionless track, as shown in the figure above. The
cart hits a force sensor and rebounds. The force sensor measures the force exerted on the cart as a function of time
and as a function of the position of the cart. The results will be graphed on the axes shown. Which of the two graphs
can be used to determine the cart’s speed after it rebounds?
(A) Only graph 1; graph 2 will have no information useful for finding the speed.
(B) Only graph 2; graph 1 will have no information useful for finding the speed.
(C) Either graph 1 or graph 2 can be used.
(D) Neither graph alone is sufficient; both graph 1 and graph 2 are needed.
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25.
A cart travels toward the right on a track where friction between the cart and track is negligible. The momentum of
the cart as a function of time is modeled in the graph. Which of the following statements are true for the time
recorded? Select two answers.
(A) The change in momentum of the cart is nearly equal to .
(B) The impulse delivered to the cart is nearly equal to .
(C) The net external force exerted on the cart is nearly equal to .
(D) The work done on the cart is nearly equal to .
26. Two identical carts are free to move along a straight frictionless track. At time t1, cart X is moving at 2.0 m/s when
it collides with and sticks to cart Y, which is initially at rest. Which of the following graphs best shows the velocity
of cart X before and after the collision?
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(A)
(B)
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Unit 5-MCQ Only
(C)
(D)
A ball is dropped and bounces off the floor. Its speed is the same immediately before and immediately after the collision.
27. How does the height to which the ball bounces compare to the height from which it was dropped?
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(A) It is less.
(B) It is the same.
(C) It is greater.
(D) It cannot be determined without knowing the value of the height from which the ball was dropped.
(E) It cannot be determined without knowing the value of the ball’s speed as it hits the floor.
28. Which of the following is true about the collision between the ball and the floor?
(A) The ball’s momentum is conserved.
(B) The ball’s momentum changes direction but not magnitude.
(C) The ball’s momentum changes magnitude but not direction.
(D) The impulse delivered to the ball by the floor is zero.
(E) The impulse delivered to the floor by the ball is zero.
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29.
A block of mass slides on a frictionless, horizontal surface with a velocity of to the right, as shown
above, and collides with a block of mass that is at rest. As a result of the collision, the block comes to
rest. Which of the following correctly states whether the collision is elastic or inelastic and provides a valid
justification?
(A) Elastic, because the total momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after.
Elastic, because some of the initial kinetic energy is converted to other forms of energy but the total
(B)
energy is conserved.
(C) Inelastic, because the total momentum before the collision does not equal the total momentum after.
(D) Inelastic, because some of the initial kinetic energy is converted into nonmechanical energy.
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30.
An object is initially at rest. A varying force is applied to the object as shown in the graph. Which of the following
correctly explains the momentum of the object at time ?
The final momentum of the object is negative because the slope of the graph is negative the entire time
(A)
from to .
The final momentum of the object is positive because the maximum magnitude of the force in the
(B)
positive direction is twice the maximum magnitude of the force in the negative direction.
The final momentum of the object is negative because the magnitude of the area bounded by the graph
(C)
and the horizontal axis is less from to than from to .
The final momentum of the object is positive because the average magnitude of the force is higher from
(D)
to than the average magnitude of the force from to .
31. A 1.0 kg lump of clay is sliding to the right on a frictionless surface with speed 2 m/s . It collides head-on and sticks
to a 0.5 kg metal sphere that is sliding to the left with speed 4 m/s . What is the kinetic energy of the combined
objects after the collision?
(A) 6J
(B) 4J
(C) 2J
(D) 0J
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A system consists of two spheres, of mass m and 2m, connected by a rod of negligible mass, as shown above. The system
is held at its center of mass with the rod horizontal and released from rest near Earth’s surface at time t = 0 .
32.
The graph above shows the rate of change of linear momentum of the sphere of mass m as a function of time. What
is the linear momentum of the two-sphere system at time t = 3.0 s ?
(A) 5 kg⋅ m/s
(B) 15 kg⋅ m/s
(C) 45 kg⋅ m/s
(D) 60 kg⋅ m/s
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33.
Two model cars, A and B, have the same mass but different bumpers. The acceleration of each car during its
collision with a wall is measured, and the data are shown in the graphs above. Which of the following statements
about the collisions are correct? Select two answers.
(A) Both cars reach their maximum speed at 10.05 s.
(B) The cars experience approximately the same impulse.
(C) Car B experiences a nonzero force for a longer time than car A.
(D) The change in momentum for car B occurs over a shorter period of time than for car A.
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34.
Using a force probe, a student generates the graph above of the force exerted on a small wagon as a function of
time. The wagon starts from rest and rolls with negligible friction in the axles. Which of the following graphs best
represents the wagon’s momentum as a function of time?
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Unit 5-MCQ Only
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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Unit 5-MCQ Only
35.
A stationary cart attached to a force gauge is on a straight, horizontal, frictionless track. A student uses the force
gauge to move the cart, and the gauge produces the graph of force as a function of time shown above. How does the
momentum of the cart change during the time interval to ?
(A) The momentum increases in magnitude during the entire time interval.
(B) The momentum decreases in magnitude during the entire time interval.
(C) The momentum increases in magnitude at first, then decreases and reverses direction.
(D) The momentum increases in magnitude at first, then decreases without reversing direction.
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36.
An object of mass is moving in the positive -direction with an initial speed . Starting at time , a time-
varying force with initial magnitude is exerted on the object in the positive -direction. Measurements of the
force as a function of time are represented in the graph above. Which of the following statements is true about the
motion of the object between and ?
(A) The momentum of the object has decreased to zero at time .
(B) The momentum of the object has increased by approximately .
(C) The momentum of the object has decreased by approximately .

(D) The momentum of the object at time is .
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37.
A soft foam block of mass m slides without friction in the positive x-direction with speed v. At time t = 0 , a student
briefly pushes the block with a force probe in the positive x-direction. The graph above shows the force probe’s
measurements as a function of time during the push. Which of the following statements is true about the block’s
momentum between t = 0 and t = t1?
(A) The momentum of the block has decreased to zero at time t1.
(B) The momentum of the block has increased by approximately 1/2 F0t1
(C) The momentum of the block has decreased by approximately 1/2 F0t1
The change in momentum cannot be determined without knowing the distance by which the force probe
(D)
compressed the block.
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38.
A spacecraft of mass 4000 kg is traveling in a straight line in the positive direction. Engines can be fired so that the
force exerted on the spacecraft is in the positive or negative direction. The graph above shows data for the force
during one interval. Which of the following is the best estimate of the net change in the speed of the spacecraft from
time t = 0 to time t = 4 s?
(A) +0.4 m/s
(B) +0.1 m/s
(C) -0.1 m/s
(D) -0.4 m/s
39. A person of mass 60 kg sliding along level ice at a speed of 3.0 m/s collides with a second person who is initially at
rest. Assume that friction is negli-gible. If the two people hold onto each other and their common final speed after
colliding is 2.0 m/s, the mass of the second person is
(A) 10 kg
(B) 30 kg
(C) 40 kg
(D) 80 kg
(E) 90 kg
40. A block of mass m slides along a frictionless surface with kinetic energy . It collides with a block of mass
that is initially at rest, and the two blocks stick together and slide with total kinetic energy . What is the ratio
?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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41.
Two carts, of mass 2m and m, approach each other head-on with the same speed v, as shown in the figure above.
When the carts collide, they hook together. Assuming positive momentum is to the right, which of the following
best represents the momentum of the cart of mass m as a function of time before and after the collision?
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Unit 5-MCQ Only
(A)
(B)
(C)
Scoring Guide
Unit 5-MCQ Only
(D)
42. A brother and sister are standing next to each other at rest on a surface of frictionless ice. The brother’s mass is
exactly twice that of his sister’s. The sister suddenly pushes her brother. As a result, the sister moves with kinetic
energy . What is the resulting kinetic energy of the brother?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
43.
A rock and a firecracker are each thrown into the air at the same angle and with the same initial speed. The rock
follows the trajectory shown above on the left. The firecracker initially follows the same trajectory as the rock but
explodes into three pieces at the point indicated above on the right. Which of the following describes the motion of
the center of mass of the firecracker pieces after the explosion?
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(A) It follows a path identical to the path of the rock.

(B) It remains at rest as the firecracker pieces move away.
(C) It falls vertically downward.
It continues to move in a straight line with the same velocity that the firecracker had just before the
(D)
explosion.
44.
A block of mass travels with speed to the right on a horizontal surface with negligible friction toward a sphere
of mass hanging at rest from a light cord, as shown above. The block collides elastically with the sphere. Which
of the following correctly describes the speed and direction of the block and the speed of the sphere a short time
after the collision?
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Unit 5-MCQ Only
Speed and Direction of Block Speed of Sphere

(A)
to the left Slightly less than

(B)
to the right Slightly less than

(C)
Zero Slightly less than

(D)
to the left Zero
45.
Block A of mass 2.0 kg is released from rest at the top of a 3.6 m long plane inclined at an angle of 30º, as shown in
the figure above. After sliding on the horizontal surface, block A hits and sticks to block B, which is at rest and has
mass 3.0 kg. Assume friction is negligible. The speed of the blocks after the collision is most nearly
(A) 2.4 m/s

(B) 3.2 m/s
(C) 3.8 m/s
(D) 6.0 m/s
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46. A toy cannon of mass 1.0 kg is initially at rest on a horizontal surface when it launches a 0.05 kg projectile with a
velocity of 10 m/s at an angle of 60° above the horizontal. What is the speed of the 1.0 kg cannon immediately after
the projectile is released, assuming that friction is negligible?
(A) 0.25 m/s
(B) 0.35 m/s

(C) 0.43 m/s
(D) 0.50 m/s
(E) 0.87 m/s
47. Two identical blocks with mass 5.0 kg each are connected to the opposite ends of a compressed spring. The blocks
initially slide together on a frictionless surface with velocity 2 m/s to the right. The spring is then released by remote
control. At some later instant, the left block is moving at 1 m/s to the left, and the other block is moving to the right.
What is the speed of the center of mass of the system at that instant?
(A) 4 m/s
(B) 3 m/s
(C) 2 m/s
(D) 0 m/s
48. Two identical blocks are connected to the opposite ends of a compressed spring. The blocks initially slide together
on a frictionless surface with velocity v to the right. The spring is then released by remote control. At some later
instant, the left block is moving at v/2 to the left, and the other block is moving to the right. What is the speed of the
center of mass of the system at that instant?
(A) 5v/2
(B) 3v/2
(C) v
(D) v/2
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49.
A sphere of mass attached to a thin string is released from the position shown above. At its lowest point the
sphere strikes a block of mass that is initially at rest. Using measurements of the objects’ speeds taken by two
motion detectors immediately before and after the collision, a student calculates that the total kinetic energy of the
sphere-block system after the collision is significantly less than it was before the collision. Which of the following
most plausibly explains this result?
The student made a mistake in obtaining data, because in a collision the kinetic energy must be
(A)
conserved.
In calculating kinetic energy after the collision, the student did not account for the energy lost when the
(B)
block slid on the table.
In calculating kinetic energy, the student did not consider the potential energy of the sphere-Earth
(C)
system as the sphere was released.
The sphere or the block was deformed during the collision and dissipated part of the sphere-block
(D)
system’s mechanical energy.
50.
A cart of known mass is initially at rest on a straight horizontal track, and a force sensor attached to a string is
used to pull on the cart. The wheels of the cart have negligible mass and negligible internal friction. Which of the
following indicates how a graph of the force sensor reading as a function of time can be used to estimate the final
speed of the cart?
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Unit 5-MCQ Only
(A) By multiplying the area under the graph by

(B) By dividing the area under the graph by
(C) By multiplying the slope of the graph by
(D) By dividing the slope of the graph by
51.
The figure above shows the relative velocities of boxes and before and after they collide on a surface with
negligible friction. Which of the following correctly compares the masses of the two boxes and indicates whether
the kinetic energy of the two-box system changes during the collision?
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Unit 5-MCQ Only
Box Masses Kinetic Energy

(A)
Equal Changes

(B)
Equal Does not change

(C)
Unequal Changes

(D)
Unequal Does not change
52.
Cart of mass travels toward cart of mass , which is initially at rest. The two carts stick together after
the collision. The position of the center of mass of cart is recorded at equal time intervals before and after the
collision, as shown above. Based on the data, what can be concluded about the relative masses of carts and ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D) The answer cannot be determined without knowing the initial speed of cart .
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53. Directions: For the question or incomplete statement below, two of the suggested answers are correct. For
this question, you must select both correct choices to earn credit. No partial credit will be earned if only one
correct choice is selected. Select the two that are best in each case.
Two lab carts have the same mass and are free to move on a horizontal track. The carts’ wheels have negligible
mass. Cart 1 travels to the right at and collides with cart 2, which is initially at rest, as shown at left above.
Cart 2 has a compressed spring-loaded plunger with a nonnegligible amount of stored energy. During the collision,
the spring-loaded plunger pops out, staying in contact with cart 1 for as the spring decompresses. Negligible
mechanical energy dissipates during the collision. Taking rightward as positive, the carts’ velocities after the
collision could be which of the following? Select two answers.
Cart 1 Cart 2
(A)
Cart 1 Cart 2
(B)
Cart 1 Cart 2
(C)
Cart 1 Cart 2
(D)
54.
Two lumps of clay with masses and are traveling in opposite directions with speed , as shown above. The
lumps of clay collide and stick together. What is the speed of the combined lump of clay after the collision?
(A) Zero
(B)
(C)
(D)
55. In a one-dimensional perfectly elastic collision, an object of mass m is traveling with speed v0 in the +x-direction
when it strikes an object with mass 3m that is at rest. What are the objects’ velocities following the collision?
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Object of Mass m Object of Mass 3m

(A)
Zero v0/3, +x-direction

(B)
v0/4, +x-direction v0/2, +x-direction

(C)
v0/2, +x-direction v0/2, +x-direction

(D)
v0/2, -x-direction v0/2, +x-direction
56.
A spaceship and its shuttle pod are traveling to the right in a straight line with speed v, as shown in the top figure
above. The mass of the pod is m, and the mass of the spaceship is 6m. The pod is launched, and afterward the pod is
moving to the right with speed vp and the spaceship is moving to the right with speed where vf > v, as shown in the
bottom figure. Which of the following is true of the speed vc of the center of mass of the system after the pod is
launched?
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Unit 5-MCQ Only
(A) vc = vf
(B) v < vc < vf
(C) vc < v
(D) vc = v
57. An ice-skater is moving at a constant velocity across an icy pond. The skater throws a snowball directly ahead.
Which of the following correctly describes the velocity of the center of mass of the skater-snowball system
immediately after the snowball is thrown? Assume friction and air resistance are negligible.
(A) It is equal to the velocity of the snowball.
(B) It is equal to the new velocity of the skater.
(C) It is equal to half the original velocity of the skater.
(D) It is equal to the original velocity of the skater.
58. A dog of mass 10 kg sits on a skateboard of mass 2 kg that is initially traveling south at 2 m/s. The dog jumps off
with a velocity of 1 m/s north rela-tive to the ground. Which of the following is the best estimate of the velocity of
the skateboard immediately after the dog has jumped?
(A) 1 m/s north
(B) 1 m/s south
(C) 3 m/s south
(D) 7 m/s south
(E) 17 m/s south
59. A cart of mass m is moving with negligible friction along a track with known speed v1 to the right. It collides with
and sticks to a cart of mass 4m moving with known speed v2 to the right. Which of the two principles, conservation
of momentum and conservation of mechanical energy, must be applied to determine the final speed of the carts, and
why?
Only conservation of momentum, because the momentum lost by one cart is gained by the other and
(A)
there is only one unknown quantity.
Both conservation of mechanical energy and conservation of momentum, because both principles apply
(B)
in any collision.
Both conservation of mechanical energy and conservation of momentum, because neither cart changes
(C)
direction.
Either conservation of momentum or conservation of mechanical energy, because only one equation is
(D)
required to solve for the one unknown variable.

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AP PHYSICS 1 Scoring Guide

Unit 5-MCQ Only

Unit 5-MCQ Only

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Constant but nonzero Increasing

Constant but nonzero Decreasing

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Does not change Does not change

Does not change Decreases

Decreases Does not change

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(A) Multiply the average speed of 18 m/s by the 10 s travel time.

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Kinetic Energy Speed

Kinetic Energy Speed

Increases 3.2 m/s

Kinetic Energy Speed

Kinetic Energy Speed

Decreases 3.2 m/s

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(B) The impulse delivered to the cart is nearly equal to .

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(C) The momentum of the object has decreased by approximately .

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(A) It follows a path identical to the path of the rock.

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Speed and Direction of Block Speed of Sphere

to the left Slightly less than

Speed and Direction of Block Speed of Sphere

to the right Slightly less than

Speed and Direction of Block Speed of Sphere

Zero Slightly less than

Speed and Direction of Block Speed of Sphere

to the left Zero

(A) 2.4 m/s

Unit 5-MCQ Only