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U
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 I N D E X
VERBAL REASONING
PART - I
 Clock   
 Calender   
 Blood Relations   
 Directions   
 Dice   

NS
PART - II
 Coding and Decoding   
 Number Coding   

IO
 Matrix Coding   
COMPLETE NEW TOPICS
PART - III


Dictionary 
Jumbling 
AT 



IC
 Word Formation   
 Pair Formation   
BL

 Machine Input and Output  

PART - IV
PU

 Alphabet Test   

 Ranking Test   
 Puzzle Test   
U

 Seating Arrangement   

DD

PART - V
 Number Series   
 Letter Series   
SI

 Alphabet Series   

 Letter and Numbers   
 Wrong Term in Number Series  
PART - VI
 Analogy   
 Odd Man Out   
 Missing Numbers   
 Inequalities   
 Coded Equation / Mathematical Operations  
 I N D E X
PART - VII
 Time Conditional Sequence   
 Arithmatical Reasoning   
 Logical Venn Diagram   
NON - VERBAL REASONING
 Counting of Figures   

NS
 Mirror Images   
 Water Images   

IO
 Dot Situation   
 Paper Cutting and Paper Folding  


Cube Test 
AT
Completion of Figures 




IC
 Figure Analogy   
 Figure Classification   
BL

 Embedded Figures   

LOGICAL REASONING
PU

 Statement and Assumptions

  
 Statements and Conclusions
U

  

DD

 Statement and Arguments

  
SI

 Data Sufficiency   

 Assertion and Reason   
 Syllogism   
 Verification of Truth   
 Cause and Effect   
 Decision Making   
50. DATA INTERPRETATION  
Reasoning Tricks CLOCKS

CLOCKS

12 Hands Angles Speed
11 1
Hour hand  12 hours = 360o

NS
10 2 1
o

  1 hour = 30 o
2
 or 0.5o
 60 min = 30o
9 3

IO
o
1
 1 min =  or  0.5o
2
Minute hand  60 min = 360o
8

7 6
5 AT 4   1 min = 6o
Second hand  60 sec = 360o
  1 sec = 6o
6o

360o
IC
 1 min = 360o
 A clock is a complete circle having 360o.
    
 RELATIVE ANGLE :  
BL

 There are a total of 3 hands in a clock and these  The difference of angle between hours hand
are hour, minute and seconds hand and minute hand per minute
PU

respectively. 
 
o o
 1 11
6o   6o  0.5o  5.5o 
U

2 2
 11
o

Difference =
DD

 2

 A clock has 12 equal divisions and each The Angle Formed by Both the
divisions called One Hour. Hands of The Clock
SI

 
 11
Angle =  min  30  hours Modulus :
2
 A clock has 60 equal divisions and each
divison called One Minute (or) Second  
11
2
  |  
    
11
 
2
 M  30  H

SIDDU PUBLICATIONS For Online Classes : Download Siddu Study Circle App 1
Reasoning Tricks CLOCKS

SUPER DUPER TRICK FOR  0O / 90O / 180O

Between Time
Hours 0o 180o (+) 90o (–)
5 2 9 6
1, 2 Hours 1 :5 1: 38 1:21 1:54
11 11 11 11
10 7 3
2, 3 Hours 2 : 10 2:43 2:27
11 11 11
3 Hours

NS
4 1 8
3, 4 Hours 3 : 16 3 : 49 3 : 32
11 11 11
9 6 2 5
4, 5 Hours 4 : 21 4 : 54 4 : 38 4:5

IO
11 11 11 11
3 7 10
5, 6 Hours 5 : 27 5 : 43 5 : 10

6, 7 Hours 6:32
8
11
11
AT 6 Hours
6 : 49
11
1
11
6 : 16
11
4
11
IC
2 5 6 9
7, 8 Hours 7 : 38 7:5 7 : 54 7:21
11 11 11 11
BL

7 10 3
8, 9 Hours 8:43 8:10 8 : 27
11 11 11
9 Hours
1 4 8
PU

9, 10 Hours 9 : 49 9 : 16 9 : 32
11 11 11


  
5
U

CLOCK ERRORS : 3 TYPES   65 11


DD

Fast (or) Slow Speed

 12 12
1
12
1
2
When the minute hand overtakes the hour 9 3 9 3 9 3
SI

hand at a fast or slow speed:

  
     6 6 6
12:00 1:00 2:00
 Coinside to each other
 In any clock, the time of overtaking the hour 5 10
hand by the minute hand, is fixed, which is 12 : 00 01: 5 02 :10
11 11
5 5 5
65 minute 65 65
11 11 11

SIDDU PUBLICATIONS For Online Classes : Download Siddu Study Circle App 13
Reasoning Tricks CALENDAR

CALENDAR

 Calendar is used to show days, months and years. Note : A week is of 7 days. Therefore, when number
      of week is given, there will be ‘0’ odd days.

NS
   
Year Months Weeks Days ‘0’
   

IO
YEARS
1 12 52 365
+ 1 Odd Day Ordinary / Normal Year Leap Year

Odd days / Extra days


AT Year  365 days 366 days
IC
 The remainder obtained by dividing the 7)365(52  weeks 7)366(52  weeks
number of days by 7, will be called odd days. 35 35
BL

       15 16

 14 14
PU

Ex:1 7)30(4  weeks 1  odd day  2   odd days

28
odd days   2  Ex : 1979, 1991, 1998, Ex: 1948, 1992,2004,
2006, 2017,2021, 2016, 2024,2096
U

Ex:2 7)31(4  weeks etc... etc....

28
DD

LEAP YEAR
odd days   3
Normal Leap Years Century Leap Years
 As we know that there are 7 days in week
SI

and after 7 days this cycle repeats itself. odd

days can not be 7 or morethan 7 odd days  The year which is  The century year is
can be : [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] fully divisible by ‘4’ fully divisible by ‘400’
  Ex : 1972,1984,1996, Ex : 400, 800, 1200,
   2008, 2020, 2024 1600, 2000, 2800
          etc., etc.,
 Multiples of ‘4’ Multiples of ‘400’

SIDDU PUBLICATIONS For Online Classes : Download Siddu Study Circle App 23
Reasoning Tricks
2)
TYPE - 1
(When we are asked the final direction)

1) A man is going towards East. After
walking 100 m, he turns to his left and
walks 25 m. Again he turns to his left and
walks 45 m. and finally, he turns to his
left and walks 25 m. Now how far and in
which direction is he from starting point.
DIRECTIONS
A person is going twoards north after
walking 100m he turns right and
walk75m again he turns right and walk
100m and-fanally he turns left and walk
25m.now which direction he is walking.

      

      

NS
         
   A) North B) East
  C) South D) West

IO
 
TRICK - 1


AT
A) 45 m, West B) 45 m. East 75 m
C) 55 m, West D) 55 m. East

TRICK - 1
IC
100 m 100 m

45m
BL

East
25 m
25m
25m
55m 45m TRICK - 2
PU

A B
100m
N E S E
U

TRICK - 2 100 75 100 25

DD

Left Left Left

East
E N W S
100 25 45 25 TRICK - 3
SI

N E S E
100 75 100 25
E E W
55 45 45 North Right
 Opposite Directions are Cancelled. Right North + Right = East
Final Direction is South, but initial direction is East. Left
Ans : East, 55m Ans : East

SIDDU PUBLICATIONS For Online Classes : Download Siddu Study Circle App 69
Reasoning Tricks DICE
3 is opposite to 6
3 4 3
2 is opposite to 5
5 2 3 6 6 4
1 is opposite to 4
 Common number is 3 in two figures, so 3. What is the number bottom of figure (I) ?
opposite of 3 is hidden number (1).
  
        I II

 Once more the common number on the top 3 6
surface. 2 6 4 1

NS

 Then left to left is opposite and right to right A) 2 B) 5
is opposite. C) 1 D) 4


IO
Trick


i.e., 5
3

2 6
3

AT4 2
3

6 4
6

1
IC
I II
3 is opposite to 1 Common number is 6.
5 is opposite to 6
BL

 In figure (I) on top surface number is 3 before

2 is opposite to 4.
2. There are two different positions of a
single dice are given. Then find the
moving common number on the top surface.
 
PU

number which is opposite to 1 ?

  

6 6

3 2 4 1
U

2 4

1 3 3 5
DD

6 is opposite to 5
A) 2 B) 4 C) 5 D) 3 3 is opposite to 4
Trick 2 is opposite to 1
SI

2 4
 Bottom of the figure (I) is 4.
4. Which of the following options is correct ?
1 3 3 5

3 3 3 6
2 1 5 4 2 6 4 1

I II

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Reasoning Tricks DICE
AC 24. Which option is correct ?
DE 
B 1
 Remember that D and 1 will be connected P
together as they are connected, similarly 2 M N T 4
D 
  Q
 3
A $ 4, C $ 2, E & 3 will be together M P P P
Option A :   B & can't come together.. 2 1 2 1

NS
P 1 3 T 4 2 1 2
T 3 M 4
Option B :   D should be connected with 1. 4 3 4 3
Option C :   1,2,3,4 are in clockwise. (A) (B) (C) (D)
Option D :   correct. Trick

IO
23. Which option is correct ?
M T

AT
PQ
1
D N (1,2,3,4 will be in clockwise
4 A B C 2 direction after folding)
IC
E Opitons :
3
A)  After folding we are not get 
BL

D E B D
1
4
1
4 B)  after folding we are not get .
B 3 D 3 A C B C
PU

2 2
C)  correct
(A) (B) (C) (D)
D)    (1,2,3 & 4 are in anticlockwise)
Trick 25. Which option is correct ?
U

AC

DD

DE

1 4 B
B
2 3
SI

Options :
A)  B & 
B
B)  D & E  
C)  A & C   (A) (B) (C) (D)

D)   A) Only B B) Only C
C) Only B and C D) None

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Reasoning Tricks CODING AND DECODING
 Coding is a method to represent something Trick :
by some other symbol or sign.
T E A C H E R
  +2  +2  +2  +2  +2  +2  +2 

V G C E J G T
 Trick to remembers Alphabet Coding.
C H I L D R E N
 +2  +2  +2  +2  +2  +2  +2  +2 

E J O T Y E J K N F T G P

NS
5 10 15 20 25 2. If in a code language, PAWAN is writ-
ten as QBXBO, then how JAMUN will
CODING : 4 TYPES be written in the same language?
1) Letter Coding

IO
 PAWAN QBXBO
2) Number Coding JAMUN 
3) Mixed Coding
4) Matrix Coding

LETTER CODING  7 types

AT A) KBOWO
B) LBNWO
C) KBNVO
IC
1) Forward pattern C) LBNVO
2) Reverse Pattern Trick :
BL

3) Cross pattern P A W A N
4) Position pattern +1  +1  +1  +1  +1 
PU

5) Opposite letter pattern

Q B X B O
6) Common pattern
J A M U N
7) Illogical pattern
+1  +1  +1  +1  +1 
U

EXERCISE K B N V O
DD

1. If in a code language, TEACHER is written 3. If FISH is written as EHRG in a certain

as VGCEJGT. Then how CHILDREN. code, how would JUNGLE be written
Will be written in the same language ? in that code?
SI

TEACHER VGCEJGT FISH EHRG 

CHILDREN  JUNGLE 
 A) ITNFKD
A) EJKNFITP
B) ITMFKD
B) EJKNFGTO
C) EJKNFTGP C) TIMFKD

D) EJKNEGTP D) KVOHMF

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Reasoning Tricks MATRIX CODING

MATRIX CODING

EXERCISE

NS
MATRIX CODING A can be coded as 03, 12, 21, 30, 44
From Matrix II:
In this matrix coding, a letter in a cell is
W can be coded as 55, 69, 78, 87, 96
represented first by its column number

IO
and then by its row number Option (d) is right
 II. BAND

AT
    
  
Sol:
a) 43, 21, 97, 33 b) 11, 21, 79, 41
c) 34, 44, 66, 14 d) 20, 30, 89, 23
From Matrix - I
IC
1. Matrix - I
B  02, 11, 20, 34, 43
0 1 2 3 4 A  03, 12, 21, 30, 44
BL

O D O B A I
From Matrix II
1 O B A I D
2 B A I D O N  56, 65, 79, 88, 97
3 A I D O B From Matrix I
PU

4 I D O B A
D  00, 14, 23, 32, 41
Matrix - II Option (b) is right
5 6 7 8 9 III. BLOW
U

5 W N R M L
a) 11, 68, 42, 69 b) 21, 95, 33, 97
6 N R M L W
DD

7 R M L W N c) 34, 68, 10, 88 d) 34, 86, 44, 78

8 M L W N R Sol: From Matrix - I
9 L W N R M
B  02, 11, 20, 34, 43
I) DRAW
SI

From Matrix - II
a) 41, 66, 23, 55 b) 32, 75, 44, 76
c) 23, 57 30, 68 d) 14, 89, 12, 78 L  59, 68, 77, 86, 95
Sol: From Matrix I From Matrix - I
D can be coded as 00, 14, 23, 32, 41 O  01, 10, 24, 33, 42
From Matrix II: From Matrix - II
R can be coded as 57, 66, 75, 89, 98 W  55, 69, 78, 87, 96
From Matrix -I Option (a) is right

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Reasoning Tricks DICTIONARY

DICTIONARY

 The words in the dictionary are arranged (ii) Arrange these words according to
according to English alphabetical order. To dictionary:

NS
arrange some given words according to the 
dictionary, they will be compared on the basis Cut, Cutter, Cow and Crow.
of the first letters of these words. If the first Sol: Here the first letters of all the words are the

IO
letters of the words are the same, the words same, so the second letters will be compared.
will be compared on the basis of the second The second letters of the words are U, U, O
letters. Similarly if the second letters of the and R respectively. If they are arranged


be compared and so on. For e.g. AT
words are the same then their third letters will

     

according to English alphabetical order, then
we will get O, R, U and U.
IC
Therefore ‘Cow’ will come first and then
  ‘Crow’. Now we will compare the words
       ‘Cut’ and ‘Cutter’.
BL

    The third letters of these two words are the
  same and ‘Cut’ is a 3 letter word.
    Therefore it will come before the word ‘Cutter’.
PU

  Hence the following order of the words will

 : be obtained.
(i) Arrange these words according to  
dictionary:         
U

     

DD

Cat, Boy, Dog and Fish.
Sol: The first letters of these words are C, B, D,
and F. If these letters are arranged according
SI
 U, U, O  R  
 
O, R, UR
CowCrow 

to English alphabet then we will get B, C, D

and F respectively. Hence the following order
of words will be obtained.
 C, B, DF
   
 B, C, D F 
 
a) Boy b) Cat c) Dog d) Fish
CutCutter

     
Cut
Cutter

a) Cow b) Crow c) Cut d) Cutter

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Reasoning Tricks JUMBLING

JUMBLING

In this topic, some letters are given in c) 11, 10, 1, 3, 7, 4, 6, 8, 9, 2, 5, 12
disorganised form and we have to rearrange them d) 10, 1, 5, 2, 8, 9, 7, 3, 4, 12, 11, 6

NS
into a meaningful word. The option in which we
Sol: Option (A)
find the correct order of a meaningful word, that
will be our answer. Such questions are completely 9 12 11 1 6 7 8 10 3 5 2 4

IO
related to word knowledge. If we cannot directly E A E C L Y P N O D I C
understand the meaningful word that is formed, This is not a meaningful word.
then we have to find it by placing the letters

AT
according to the sequence given in the options.

 
Option (B)
11 10 1 7 4 6 3 8 9 5 2 12
     
E N C Y C L O P E D I A
IC
   This is a meaningful word. Hence Ans (B)
 [If there formed no meaningful word in
BL

 option (B), then we would solve the options

   (C) and (D) following the same procedure.]
  [    
PU

 
Example - 1 : ]
Letters of a word have been jumbled up and Example - 2 :
U

numbered as given. Select the option that Letters of a word have been jumbled up and
DD

gives the correct order of the letters as
indicated by the numbers to form the word?

 
SI
numbered as given. Select the option that
gives the correct order of the letters as
indicated by the numbers to form the word?

 
  
    
C, I, O, C, D, L, Y, P, E, N, E, A 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 
a) 9, 12, 11, 1, 6, 7, 8, 10, 3, 5, 2, 4 S, A, B, I, T, S, L, H
b) 11, 10, 1, 7, 4, 6, 3, 8, 9, 5, 2, 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Reasoning Tricks WORD FORMATION

WORD FORMATION

 In the questions related to this topic we are Sol: The words given in options (b), (c) and (d)
given a word and we are asked whether a have been formed using the letters of word

NS
new word can be formed or not, using the ‘TRANSFORM’.
letters of the given word. Thus there are bcd
asked two types of questions in it: ‘TRANSFORM’
        

IO

   
While the letter ‘I’ of word ‘TRAIN’ in option


 AT

In this we are given a word along with 4 options.
Here in three options out of the four options
(a) is not present in word ‘TRANSFORM’.
a‘TRAIN’‘I’
‘TRANSFORM’
IC
there form new words using the letters of the Hence Ans (a)
word, whereas in one remaining option, no new  In this also we are given a word along with 4
BL

word is formed using the letters of the word. options. Here in 3 options out of 4 options
  there form no new word using the letters of
  the given word, whereas in one remaining
PU

  option, a new word is formed using the letters

     of the given word. We have to choose this
  option as our answer in which a new word is
We have to choose this option as our answer formed using the letters of the given word.
U

in which no new word is formed using the  

letters of the given word.      
DD

         

    
Example : 
SI

Which of the following words cannot be

    
formed using the letters of the word
 
 Example :
 ii) Which of the following words can be formed
‘TRANSFORM’? using the letters of the word ‘TRANSFORM’
a) TRAIN b) FORT ‘TRANSFORM’          
c) ROAM d) RANSOM  
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Reasoning Tricks MACHINE INPUT AND OUTPUT

MACHINE INPUT AND OUTPUT


Tips & Tricks to Solve the Input-Output      
Reasoning Questions   

NS
Given below are a few tips and tricks that 
may help you solve the input-output based     
questions faster, saving you some time in the 

IO
final examination:  
(1) The first and the most important thing is to
    

AT
read the question carefully and analyse the
steps based on which the Output is given.
Once you carefully see the steps. You shall
     
  
           
IC
be able to apprehend the pattern that is being

followed to get the Output.
   
BL

(2) At times, just looking at Step 1 and step 2    
only candidates shall be able to understand                     
the pattern followed. 
PU

(3) Use tabular form while solving the question   
as the length of the Input may be longer and 
may make the solution even more confusing. 
(4) Do not try solving this type of question verbally Sample Questions – Input Output Reasoning
U

as you may miss a few terms and steps and end

Given further, are a few questions which may
DD

up answering the questions wrongly.

help you understand the concept even better.
(5) Once you understand the pattern that is being
Let’s start with a simple question.
followed in the question, then try applying
SI

the same to the Input given to be solved. Example 1:

   INPUT: Train Car Airplane Ship Bus
 Cycle Autorickshaw
    Step 1: Train Ship Car Airplane Bus Cycle
  Autorickshaw
  Step 2: Train Ship Cycle Car Airplane Bus
 Autorickshaw

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Reasoning Tricks PUZZLE TEST

PUZZLE TEST

   
CONCEPT  

NS

 Puzzles are raw information given for a
 Several types of questions are asking in this
sequence (or) an order of things, which
topic, in various governmental competitive

IO
need to be arranged systematically, So that
examination. especially in Banking, Railway,
sequence (or) order of things can be
SSC and other state Board examinations.
correctly, depicted. In puzzles, candidates
are provided with the information in
jumbled (or) haphazard format. AT         
   

IC

     
  In previous topic we have learnt seating
BL

  arrangement and its types. In this we learn all the
 types of puzzles for all important examinations.
 
PU


 It checks candidates mental and analytical
ability in solving these problems. There is no

such formulaes in these topic to solve them. TYPES OF PUZZES
U

         

DD

   Floor Based - 

 Box Based - 
 In the questions the information is given in Month - 
SI

zig - zag way, so, we need to arrange themin Scheduling Based - Day - 
sequencial order according to the conditions. Year - 
 Designation Based - 
 
 As there is no fixed rules to solve these
Age based 
problems, only practice can make some one
Comparison Based - 
master in cracking these types of problexs.

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Reasoning Tricks MISSING NUMBER
Example - 5 : a) 16 b) 18
c) 25 d) 32
7 6 8
Sol: 14 + 12 + 3 + 7 = 36
5 4 9
9 + 11 + x + 16 = 54
3 2 1
83 56 ? x = 18 Ans (b)

a) 128 b) 136 Example - 9 :

c) 148 d) 146 4 8 20
Column: I  72 + 52 + 32 = 83 9 3 15

NS
II  62 + 42 + 22 = 56 6 6 ?
III  82 + 92 + 12 = 146 Ans (d) a) 22 b) 18

IO
Example - 6 : c) 16 d) 20
Sol: 8  2 + 4 = 20
11 12 14 10

6
78
9 7
?
AT8
3  2 + 9 = 15
6  2 + 6 = 18
Example - 10 :
Ans (b)
IC
a) 84 b) 74
?
c) 108 d) 94
BL

Sol: 12  11 - 9  6 = 78 137 8 2
14  10 - 8  7 = 84 Ans (a) 17
Example - 7 : a) 907 b) 97
PU

c) 1097 d) 9107
18 16 7
Sol: 2  8 + 1 = 17
35 25 ?
17  8 + 1 = 137
7 23 58
U

24 32 65 137  8 + 1 = 1097 Ans (c)

DD

a) 19 b) 15 Example - 11 :

c) 13 d) 14 4 7 9
Sol: Column: I  35 + 7 - 18 = 24 8 6 8
SI

II  25 + 23 - 16 = 32 3 7 9
III  x + 58 - 7 = 65 35 49 ?
x = 14 Ans (b)
a) 89 b) 81
Example - 8 : c) 64 d) 63
14 12 9 Sol: Column: I  4  8 + 3 = 35
11
36 54 II  7  6 + 7 = 49
7 3 16 ? III  9  8 + 9 = 81 Ans (b)

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Reasoning Tricks LOGICAL VENN DIAGRAMS

LOGICAL VENN DIAGRAMS


CONCEPT 3. 3
2
 A Venn diagram is an illustration that uses Here 1 is in 2, 2 is in 3.

NS
1
circles to show the relationships among things
of finite groups of things. Delhi, India, Asia; 
     Asia

IO
      India
  Delhi
 Circles that overlap have a commonality while

diagrams help to visually represent theAT

circles that do not share those traits. Venn

similarities and differences between two

4.
2
1 3 Here 1 is in 2.
IC
concepts.

 
      Maharastra, Elephanta, Konark; 
BL

                 

  
  
PU

TYPE-1
For three different Identities. EXAMPLES

U

(1) Bat, Tea, Book

1. Sun, Fish, Rose ;  
DD

Tea

Bat Book
SI

2. Two things are in one. (2) House, Kitchen, Park



Boys, Class, Girls ;   


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Reasoning Tricks COUNTING OF FIGURES
Hence, total rectangles a) 5 b) 7 c) 6 d) 8
= (Original rectangles) + (Other rectangles) Sol.
= (3 + 21 + 3) + (3 + 3)
= 27 + 6 = 33 (Ans. A)

(2) TRIANGLE ( ) 1 2 3

Now, we will learn to count number of Total triangles = 1 + 2 + 3 = 6 (Ans. C)

triangles in different figures.
20. Find out the number of triangles in the
 

NS
given figure?


18. Find out the number of triangles in the
given figure?

IO


AT Sol.
a) 23 b) 21 c) 18 d) 25
IC
a) 2 b) 4 c) 3 d) 5
BL

Sol. First we will number the individual triangles in the

given figure. After it we will find out the number 1 2 3 4 5 6
of total triangles by adding all such numbers.
PU

     Total triangles = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4+ 5 + 6 = 21

 (Ans. B)
    21. Find out the number of triangles in the
given figure?
U


DD

1 2

Total triangles = 1 + 2 = 3 (Ans. C)

SI

19. Find out the number of triangles in the

given figure?
a) 18 b) 22 c) 20 d) 25

Sol.
First we will number the individual triangles
in the given figure. After that add all such
numbers and then multiply the value obtained
with the number of horizontal lines in the figure.

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Reasoning Tricks PAPER CUTTING - PAPER FOLDING
(40) Problem Figures

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(36) Problem Figures

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(41) Problem Figures

NS
(a) (b) (c) (d)

IO
(37) Problem Figures
Folding Cut Open

AT
? (a)
(42)Problem Figures
(b) (c) (d)
IC
BL

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(38) Problem Figures
PU

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(43) Problem Figures
U
DD

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(39) Problem Figures

(a) (b) (c) (d)
SI

(44) Problem Figures

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

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Reasoning Tricks STATEMENTS AND ASSUMPTIONS

STATEMENTS AND ASSUMPTIONS


INTRODUCTION  If statement is an appeal, then:
 Statement : • It would have some impact on its reader.

NS
Something that you sayor write, especially formally. • It would have some reason for its existence.
  If statement is an official notice, then;
   

IO
• It would have some impact on the staff.
 Assumption :
• Its implementation would be good for
Assumption is something assumed,
the company.
supported and taken for granted.
AT
i.e. Assumption is the logical support for
the statement, it can be supposed (or)
assumed on the basis of the given statement.
• 

IC
 Assumptions topic plays a vital role in all
 Competitive Exams in Present days.
    
BL

      

 

LEVEL - 1
PU

 An assumption is that it is not said

directly, but it is exposed in directly.  In each question given below is a statement
• When talking of an statements, basically followed by two assumptions I and II. You
we need to understand some basic facts. have to read the statement and assumption
U

i) statement of an advertisements;
and select the given below options which are
• It has some impact on its readers.
followed for implint.
DD

ii) statements issued on public intrest notices.

• It is benefit for the people. 
• It is the duty of related authorities to    
issue them.

SI

• it would read by public.

•    Give Answer
  (A) If only Assumption I implicit 
•  (B) If only Assumption II implicit 
  (C) If neither I nor II is implicit 

•      (D) If both I and II are implicit 
 (E) If either I or II is implicit 

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Reasoning Tricks SYLLOGISM

SYLLOGISM

INTRODUCTION 
 Syllogism is a "Greek" word that means  

NS
inference or deduction, conclusion. 
 ‘A’‘B’  (+) "All"
 ‘A’‘B’  (–) "NO"

IO
 In this chapter, some statements and 2. PARTICULAR
conclusions are given in this questions and  The statements which provides less than 100%


or false or can be true. AT
we have to tell which conclusions are true information (or) Incomplete information.

 
IC
 Example :
 Some dogs are cats.
BL

 Statements are mainly two types 

1) Universal (Affirmative, Negative)  These are two types of it. : (+, –)
2) Particular (Affirmative, Negative)
PU


Affirmative = Positive
I. Some ‘A’ are ‘B’  (+) "Some"
 
II. Some ‘A’ are not ‘B’  (–) "Some not.
1) Universal 
‘A’‘B’  
U

2) Particular  ‘A’‘B’  

DD

1. UNIVERSAL 1. All  Each, Every , 100% etc.

 The statements which provides 100%   
information (or) complete information. Example :
SI

Example : All  ‘A’ are ‘B’ = Every ‘A’ is ‘B’.

Sub Copula Obj  Predicate
Statement : All dogs are cats.
 These are two types of it : (Positive, Negative) 2.
I. All ‘A’ are ‘B’  (+) "All"
II. No ‘A’ is ‘B’  (–) "NO"
 

‘A’‘B’‘A’, ‘B’
Some  Many, Most of, More, Generally,,
Atleast, Few, A few, 60%, 80%, 90% pro-
vide less than 100% etc.
  


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Reasoning Tricks CAUSE & EFFECT

CAUSE AND EFFECT


INTRODUCTION  In each of the following questions, two
“Cause and effect” is a relationship between statements numbered I and II are given. There

NS
events or things, where one is the result of the may be cause and effect relationship between
other or others. This is combination of action and two statements. Choose the correct option.
reaction. Something happens that’s leads to effect. A) If statement I is cause and statement II is

IO
 its effect.
 B) If statement II is cause and statement I is

AT
 its effect.
C) If bot h the st atement s I and II are
IC
 A cause is something that produce an event independent causes
or condition. D) If both the statements I and II are effects of
BL

 An effect is what results from an event or independent causes;

condition. E) If the both statements I and II are effects of
  some common cause.
PU

   I II

    
CAUSE : WHY SOMETHING HAPPENS    
:
U


EFFECT : WHAT HAPPENS AS A    I
DD

RESULT:  II

  II 
I
SI

  III


  III

    I  II 
Cause Result (or) Effect

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Reasoning Tricks DATA INTERPRETATION

DATA INTERPRETATION
PAIR FORMATION

PRODUCTION UNIT
 Data interpretation refers to the process of
reviewing provided data and to use these Month A B C D E F

NS
data for calculating the required value. The April 310 180 169 137 140 120
data can be provided in various forms like in May 318 179 177 162 140 122

Table format, Bar graph, Line graph, Pie June 320 160 188 173 135 130

IO
July 326 167 187 180 146 130
chart, Caselet or a combination of these.
August 327 150 185 178 145 128
 

AT
     
   
        
1. In which month the unit B has a
contribution of approximately 15% in the
total sugar production ?
IC
  B  

Types of Data Interpretation:
BL

a) August b) June c) July d) April

1. Tabular  Sol: (c)
2. Bar Graphs  Total production is April
PU

3. Line Graphs  = 310 + 180 + 169 + 137 + 104 + 120 = 1056
4. Pie Charts  15
15% of 1056   1056  158.4
5. Mixed Charts  100
U

Total Production in June

EXAMPLES = 320 + 160 + 188 + 173 + 135 + 130 = 1106
DD

I. Directions (1-5): Study the following table 15

15% 1056   1106  165.9
and answer the questions given below it. 100
Total production in July

SI

= 326 + 167 + 187 + 146 + 130 = 1136


 15% of 1136 
15
 1136  170.4
100
Production of sugar by six major production
Total production in August
units of India in Million Tonnes.
= 327 + 150 + 185 + 178 + 145 + 128 = 1113
  15
 15% of 1113   1113  166.95  167
100

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SI
DD
U
PU
BL
IC
AT
IO
NS