Hardware Information
dmesg
cat / proc/ cpuinfo
free -h
lshw
lsblk
lspci -tv
lsusb -tv
dmidecode
hdparm -i /dev/[disk]
hdparm -tT /dev/[disk]
badblocks -s /dev/[disk]
File Compression
tar cf [file.tar] [file]
tar xf [file.tar]
tar czf [file.tar.gz]
gzip [file]
Package Installation
yum search [keyword]
yum info [package]
yum install [package.rpm]
dnf install [package.rpm]
rpm -i [package.rpm]
rpm -e [package.rpm]
apt install [package]
tar zxvf [source_code.tar.gz]
cd [source_code]
./configure
make
make install
SSH Login
ssh [user]@[host ]
ssh [host ]
ssh -p [port] [user]@[host]
t elnet [host ]
Show bootup messages
Show CPU information
Show free and used memory
Hardware configuration info
Block devices info
Tree-diagram of PCI devices
Tree-diagram of USB devices
Show BIOS hardware info
Show disk data info
Disk read speed test
Unreadable blocks test
Create a tar file from a file
Extract archived file
Create a gzip tar file
Create a gz compressed file
Find a package by a keyword
Package info & summary
Install a package with YUM
Install a package with DNF
Install a local r pm package
Remove an r pm package
Install a package with APT
Install software from source
code
Connect to host as user
Connect to host via port 22
Use a non-default port
Connect to Telnet via port 23
Searching
grep [pattern] [file] Search for a pattern in a file
grep -r [pattern] [directory] Search a pattern recursively
locate [name] Search for files & directories
find [/location] -name [x] List items beginning with [x]
find [/location] -size [+100M] List items larger than 100MB
File Transfer
scp [file.txt] [server/tmp] Securely copy file to server
rsync -a [/location] [/backup/] Sync the contents of a
location with the backup
directory
Process Related
ps Show active process snapshot
pst ree Show processes as a tree
pmap Show process memory usage
t op Show all running processes
kill [process_id] Kill the process by ID
pkill [process_name] Kill the process by name
killall [process_name] Kill all processes by name
bg List background processes
fg Most recent suspended job to
foreground
fg [job] Bring [job] to foreground
lsof List files opened by processes
trap "[commands]" [signal] Execute command on signal
wait Pause terminal until process
completes
nohup [command] & Run a process in background
File Permission
chmod 777 [file] File read, write, execute
permissions to everyone
chmod 755 [file] Full permission to owner,
read permissions for others
chmod 766 [file] Full permission to owner,
read and write for others
chown [user] [file] Change file ownership
chown [user]:[group] [file] Change file owner and group
File Commands System Management and Info Disk Usage
ls List files in the directory unam e -r Show system information df -h Show free space on system
ls -a List files, include hidden files unam e -a Show kernel release info df -l Show free nodes on system
pwd Show current directory uptime Show uptime length/avg. load fdisk -l Disk partition types and sizes
m kdir [name] Create a directory host name Show system hostname du -ah Show disk usage for all files
r m [file] Remove a file host nam e -l Show system IP address du -sh Show disk usage for current
directory
r m -r [directory] Recursively remove directory last reboot Show reboot history
findmnt Show target mount point
r m -rf [directory] Force remove directory dat e Show current time and date
mount [device] [mount_point] Mount a device
cp [file1] [file2] Copy file1 to file2 t imedat ect l Manage the system clock
cp -r [directory1] [directory2] Copy directory1 to directory2 cal Show current day and month
Variables
mv [filename1] [filename2] Rename a file whoami Show current user
ln -s [/path/file] [link] Create a symbolic link to file finger [username] Show user information let "[variable]=[value]" Assign integer value to var
touch [file] Create a new file ulimit [flags] [limit] View or limit system resources export [variable] Export a Bash variable
more [file] Show file contents shutdown [hh:mm] Schedule a system shut down declare [variable]="[value]" Declare a Bash variable
head [file] Show first 10 lines of a file shutdown now Shut down immediately set List variables and functions
tail [file] Show last 10 lines of a file modprobe [module-name] Add a new kernel module echo $[variable] Display value of the variable
gpg -c [file] Encrypt a file
gpg [file.gpg] Decrypt a file
Network Management Shell Command Management
wc Count words/lines/bytes
ip addr show Show IP addresses alias [alias]='[command]' Create command alias
ls | xargs wc Words/lines/bytes in directory
ip address add [ip] Assign IP address to interface watch -n [interval] [command] Set interval to run a command
cut -d[delimiter] [file] Cut file section and print
ifconfig Show all network interfaces sleep [interval] && [command] Postpone command execution
[data] | cut -d[delimiter] Cut data section and print
netstat -pnltu Show active listening ports at [hh:mm] Schedule a job
awk '[pattern] {print $0}' [file] Print lines matching a pattern
netstat -nutlp Show tcp and udp ports man [command] Display command manual
shred -u [file] Overwrite and delete a file
whois [dom ain] Show domain information history Print command history
diff [file1] [file2] Compare two files
dig [dom ain] Show domain's DNS info
source [file] Compile from source code
dig -x [host] Domain reverse lookup Keyboard Shortcuts
[command] | tee [filename] >/ Store command output to a
dev/null file, skip terminal output dig -x [ip] IP address reverse lookup
Ctrl + C Kill current process
host [dom ain] IP lookup for a domain
Ctrl + Z Stop process (can be resumed)
Users and Groups host nam e -l Show local IP address
Ctrl + W Cut the word before the cursor
Download a file from url
wget [file_url]
id Show active user details Cut part of the line before the
Ctrl + U
curl -O [file_url] Download a file from url cursor
last Show last system logins
nslookup [domain] Show domain information Ctrl + K Cut part of the line after the
who Show who is logged in cursor
w Show logged users and activity
Ctrl + Y Paste from clipboard
Directory Navigation
groupadd [group] Add a new group
Ctrl + R Recall last command
adduser [user] Add a new user cd .. Move up one level Ctrl + O Run the recalled command
usermod -aG [group] [user] Add user to group cd Change directory to $HOME Ctrl + G Exit command history
userdel [user] Delete a user cd [/ locat ion] Change to specified directory !! Repeat the last command
usermod Modify user information
exit Log out of the session
chgrp [group] [directory] Change directory group