1.

Primary Activities:
o Inbound Logistics:
▪ Procurement of hardware and software components.
▪ Establishment of data centers and server infrastructure.
o Operations:
▪ Software development and coding.
▪ System integration and testing.
▪ Network management and maintenance.
o Outbound Logistics:
▪ Packaging and delivery of software solutions.
▪ Deployment and installation of IT systems.
o Marketing and Sales:
▪ Market research and analysis.
▪ Sales and promotion of IT services.
▪ Client relationship management.
o Service:
▪ Customer support and helpdesk services.
▪ Software updates and maintenance.
▪ Training and consultancy.
2. Support Activities:
o Infrastructure:
▪ Development and maintenance of physical and digital infrastructure.
▪ Cloud computing services.
o Technology Development:
▪ Research and development of new technologies.
▪ Innovations in software and hardware solutions.
o Human Resource Management:
▪ Recruitment and training of skilled IT professionals.
▪ Employee engagement and retention strategies.
o Procurement:
▪ Sourcing of hardware and software components.
▪ Vendor management and negotiations.
3. Value Chain Links:
o Upstream Linkages:
▪ Collaboration with hardware manufacturers.
▪ Partnership with software providers.
o Downstream Linkages:
▪ Integration with client systems and processes.
▪ Collaboration with other service providers.
4. External Factors:
o Regulatory Environment:
▪ Compliance with government regulations.
▪ Adherence to international standards.
o Economic Factors:
▪ Economic stability affecting IT budgets.
▪ Exchange rates impacting outsourcing decisions.
o Social Factors:
▪ Demands for ethical and socially responsible practices.
▪ Cultural considerations in global projects.
o Technological Factors:
 ▪Rapid advancements in technology.
▪Cybersecurity threats and measures.
5. Feedback Loop:
o Continuous improvement based on client feedback.
o Regular updates and patches to address software vulnerabilities.